Naethan Paul V.

Diaz BSME 1A – Gen Ed 007 – Activity #4

Roles of International Political Organization

and Institutions in Globalization

International political organizations and institutions play a critical role in shaping globalization,
working to create a system of rules, norms, and policies that promote cooperation and stability
among nations. These organizations range from the United Nations (UN), the World Trade
Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank, among
others.

One of the most significant ways in which these organizations influence globalization is by
promoting trade liberalization. The WTO, for example, aims to facilitate free and fair trade
among member nations by establishing rules and agreements that reduce barriers to trade, such
as tariffs and quotas. By promoting trade liberalization, the WTO has helped create a more
interconnected global economy, with goods and services flowing more freely across borders.

However, the role of these organizations is not limited to trade. They also play a crucial role in
promoting human rights, peace, and security worldwide. The UN, for instance, is committed to
promoting respect for human rights and dignity, peace, and security worldwide. It has helped
resolve conflicts in different parts of the world and provided humanitarian assistance to millions
of people affected by conflict and natural disasters. The UN has also been instrumental in
promoting sustainable development through the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), which aim to address poverty, inequality, and climate change, among other issues.

The IMF and World Bank are also significant players in globalization, providing financial
assistance and promoting economic growth and stability in member countries. The IMF provides
loans to member countries facing economic crises, while the World Bank supports development
projects in areas such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare. These institutions help
countries integrate into the global economy, providing them with access to capital, expertise, and
resources to promote economic growth and development.
While these organizations have had a positive impact on globalization, they have also faced
criticism and challenges. Some argue that they promote the interests of developed countries over
developing ones, leading to increased inequality and exploitation. For example, the WTO has
been criticized for its focus on trade liberalization, which has led to the loss of jobs in certain
industries and countries. The IMF and World Bank have also been criticized for imposing strict
economic policies on countries receiving financial assistance, leading to social unrest and
increased poverty.

In addition to criticisms, these organizations also face challenges in adapting to the changing
global landscape. The rise of populist movements and nationalist governments in various parts of
the world has challenged the principles of multilateralism and cooperation that underpin these
organizations. For instance, the United States, under the Trump administration, withdrew from
several international agreements and organizations, including the Paris Climate Agreement and
the UN Human Rights Council, citing concerns over sovereignty and national interest.

Despite these challenges, these organizations remain essential in promoting globalization and
cooperation among nations. They provide a framework for addressing global challenges,
promoting human rights and development, and maintaining peace and security. As the world
becomes increasingly interconnected and complex, these organizations will continue to play a
critical role in shaping the future of globalization.
 Activity B: Rival Claims on the West Philippine Sea/ South China Sea

Rival Claims Involved States/ Institutions Responses and Action

/Organizations
The Philippines has filed a lawsuit against
South China Sea/ West China before the Permanent Court of
Philippine Sea Philippines Arbitration in The Hague, challenging China's
claims in the South China Sea/ West
Philippine Sea. In 2016, the court ruled in
favor of the Philippines, invalidating China's
claims.
Asserting their territorial claims through
diplomatic protests and military patrols.
Vietnam has accused China of harassing its
fishermen and disrupting its oil exploration
Vietnam and Malaysia
activities in the contested waters. Malaysia
has also accused China of encroaching into its
exclusive economic zone in the South China
Sea/ West Philippine Sea.

The US has been involved in the territorial

dispute, conducting freedom of navigation
The United States of operations in the contested waters and
expressing support for the peaceful
America
resolution of the conflict through multilateral
negotiations.

ASEAN has been pushing for the adoption of

a Code of Conduct (COC) in the contested
The Association of waters to manage and mitigate tensions in
the region. However, negotiations on the
Southeast Asian Nations
COC have been sluggish, and some claimants
(ASEAN have expressed concerns over China's
influence in the process.