SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA

CLASS VIII
ELECTRICITY
● It is the form of invisible energy.

STATIC CURRENT
ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY
 CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS
INSULATORS CONDUCTORS

Substances which allow electric charges to flow

Substances which do not allow electric charges to flow
through them.
through them
ELECTRICS, ELECTROSTATIC FORCE & ELECTRIC CHARGE
ELECTRIC
ELECTRICS
CHARGE

Substances which when rubbed attract each other. The property of the matter which is
Examples:- Diamond, Sapphire and ordinary rock responsible for electrical
crystals. phenomena. It exist in two forms
(positively charged and negatively
charged).

ELECTROSTATIC
FORCE

A kind of force produced in

electric charges which can
attract as well as repel objects.
 ELECTROSTATIC FORCE
FORCE OF FORCE OF
ATTRACTION REPULSION

Force experienced by two Force between two bodies

bodies in which they are pulled usually having similar charges
towards each other. in which they are pushed or
pulled away.
CONDITIONS FOR CHARGES TO ATTRACT OR REPEL
LIKE CHARGES UNLIKE CHARGES
REPEL EACH ATTRACT EACH
OTHER OTHER
 COMB RUBBED WITH HAIRS ATTRACT PIECE OF PAPERS
The comb on rubbing gets electrically charged. The electric charges on it produce electrostatic force which can attract
the piece of paper.
 REPULSION TEST
A charged body can attract an uncharged body. It can also attract another body with an opposite charge.
But if another charged body having the same charge is brought near it, it repels. Thus repulsion is the sure test of
whether a body is charged or not.
 CHARGING OF OBJECTS
CHARGING BY CHARGING BY CHARGING BY
FRICTION CONDUCTION INDUCTION
 CHARGING BY FRICTION
RUBBER BALLOON AND
PLASTIC COMB AND HAIR
WOOLEN CLOTH
 CHARGING BY FRICTION
RUBBER ERASER AND PLASTIC BALL PEN REFILL
WOOLEN CLOTH WITH POLYTHENE

- - - ++ + + + +
- - - ++
- - - ++
- - - -
 CHARGING BY FRICTION
GLASS ROD AND SILK CLOTH
 CHARGING BY CONDUCTION & INDUCTION
CONDUCTION INDUCTION

When an object is charged by touching it with When a body is charged by bringing a charged
charged body. The object acquires same charge body near it but not touching it. The object
as on the charged body. acquires an opposite charge to that of the
charged body.
 ELECTROSCOPE
CONSTRUCTION

● The gold leaf electroscope consists of a metal disc to which a metal rod is
attached.
● The metal rod passes into a bell jar through a tightly fitted cork stopper.

● At the bottom of the metal rod are mounted two

thin strips of metal which can be made of
copper, brass or gold.
● The bell jar rests on a wooden base.
 USES OF ELECTROSCOPE
To detect and measure charge

● The amount of divergence of the leaves is the measure of the amount of charge
on the body.

To find nature of the charge

● To test whether a body has positive or negative charge it is necessary to charge

the electroscope with a known charge.
● If the divergence of the leaves increases the body has a similar charge i.e. it is
negatively charged.
● If the divergence decreases the body has opposite charge i.e. it is positively
charged.
 USES OF ELECTROSCOPE
To detect and measure charge

● The amount of divergence of the leaves is the measure of the amount of charge
on the body.

To find nature of the charge

DIVERGENCE INCREASES WHEN
● To test whether a body has positive or negative charge it is necessary to charge THE UNKNOWN CHARGE IS SAME

the electroscope with a known charge.

● If the divergence of the leaves increases the body has a similar charge i.e. it is
negatively charged.
● If the divergence decreases the body has opposite charge i.e. it is positively
charged.
DIVERGENCE DECREASES WHEN
THE UNKNOWN CHARGE IS OPPOSITE
 EARTHING
The process of transferring of electric charge from a charged object to the earth.

Without Earthing With Earthing