Population Explosion-

ம"க$ெதாைக ெவ+,-

Status and Reasons-நிைலைம ம'() காரண.க/

TNPSC QUESTIONS
Questions:
Expected areas:
● What is Population explosion?
● Reasons for population explosion.
● Effects of Population Explosion
● Measures taken by Government to control population.
● Describe the measures to control population
● Suggestions to control the rise in population
● National population policy
● Why sex ratio is less in India
● Total fertility rate
● Demographic dividend
● Population census
● National Population Commission
எதி$பா$'க)ப*+ ப-திக.:
● ம"க$ெதாைக ெவ+,- எ/றா1 எ/ன?
● ம"க$ ெதாைக ெவ+,-"கான காரண6க$.
● ம"க$ெதாைக ெவ+,ப9/ வ9ைள;க$
● ம"க$ ெதாைகைய க=>,ப>?த அரA எ>?த
நடவ+"ைகக$.
● ம"க$ெதாைகைய" க=>,ப>?DவதEகான நடவ+"ைககைள
வ9வF"க;G
● ம"க$ ெதாைக ெபH"க?ைத க=>,ப>?த பFIDைரக$
● ேதசிய ம"க$ெதாைக ெகா$ைக
● இIதியாவ91 பாலின வ9கிதG ஏ/ Pைறவாக உ$ளD
● ெமா?த கH;Rத1 வ9கிதG
● ம"க$ெதாைக ஈ;?ெதாைக
● ம"க$ ெதாைக கண"ெக>,-
● ேதசிய ம"க$ ெதாைக ஆைணயG
Definition:வைரயைற
ம"க$ெதாைக ெவ+,- எ/பD ம"க$ ெதாைக வளUVசிய91
திWU எXVசி ஆPG.
“ம"க$ெதாைக ெவ+,- ”இIத வாU?ைத அெமF"க
சYகவ9யலாளU கி6Zலி ேடவ9Z எ/பவரா1
உHவா"க,ப=டD.
A population explosion is a sudden surge in population growth.
“population explosion” This term was coined by the American Sociologist, Kingsley
Davis.
ம"க$ ெதாைகைய *+மா,"-. கார0க$:
Factors Determining Population:
1. ப9ற,- வ9தG 1. Birth Rate
2. இற,- வ9தG 2. Death Rate
3. இட,ெபயUVசி 3. Migration
Population:
World population has reached 8 billion on November 15, 2022 according to the United
Nations
நவ#ப% 15, 2022 அ-. ஐ0கிய நா5க6 சைபய9-ப: உலக ம0க6
ெதாைக 8 ப9Aலியைன எD:E6ளG
India’s Population-1210 million
இIதியாவ9- ம0க6 ெதாைக - 1210 மிAலிய-
17.5% of world population
உலக ம0க6ெதாைகய9A 17.5%
2.4% of landmass
நிலNபரNப9A 2.4%
Stages of population growth in India:
இ"தியாவ() ம,க.ெதாைக வள23சிய(5
நிைலக.
1. the stagnant growth stage (1901- 1. வளUVசிய9/ ேத"க
1921), நிைல (1901-1921),
2. the steady growth stage (1921- 2. நிைலயான வளUVசி
1951), நிைல (1921-1951),
3. the rapid growth stage (1951- 3. வ9ைரவான வளUVசி
1981)
நிைல (1951-1981)
4. the high growth with definite signs
of slowing down (1981-2011). 4. PைறவதEகான
தி=டவ=டமான
அறிPறிகeட/ f+ய
வளUVசி (1981-2011).
Population Explosion in India:
v 1951 the population was 36 crores
v 1981 the population becomes 70 crores.
v 34 crores, which is the fastest rise in the history of population statistics.
v That is why; this period from 1951 to 1981 is known in India as the period
of Population Explosion.
v 2011, the total population of India was a little over 1 billion - 1,210,193,422 to be
exact.
v The population clock in the Union Health Ministry in New Delhi now ticks at the
rate of 31 persons per minute!
v The clock shows that about 44,640 babies are born in India every day.
v India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030.
இ1தியாவ45 ம'க. ெதாைக
ெவ9)::
v1951 இ4தியாவ89 ம:க/ ெதாைக 36 ேகா?.
v 1981 இ4தியாவ89 ம:க/ ெதாைக 70 ேகா?.
v 34 ேகா? எ9பF ம:க/ெதாைக G/ளIவ8வர வரலா'றிK மிக ேவகமாக
உயMN.
v அதனாK தா9; 1951 SதK 1981 வைரய8லான காலகTட) இ4தியாவ8K
ம:க/ெதாைக ெவ?Vப89 கால) எ9( அைழ:கVபXகிறF.
v 2011, இ4தியாவ89 ம:க/ ெதாைக 1,210,193,422.
v GFதிKலிய8K உ/ள ம[திய \காதார அைம]சக[தி9 ம:க/ெதாைக:
க?கார[தி9 ப? நிமிட[தி'_ 31 ேபM எ9ற வ8கித[திK _ழ4ைதக/
ப8ற:கி9றன.
v இ4தியாவ8K ஒa நாைள:_ \மாM 44,640 _ழ4ைதக/ ப8ற:கி9றன.
v 2030ஆ) ஆcX:_/ உலகி9 அதிக ம:க/ ெதாைக ெகாcட நாடாக
இ4தியா சீனாைவ ப89e:_[ த/f) என கண8:கVபTX/ளF.
UN World Population Prospects

The UN World Population Prospects (WPP), 2022, forecasts India becoming the most populous
country by 2023, surpassing China, with a 140 crore population. India currently has 17.5% of the
world’s population.

● This is four times the population India had at the time of Independence in 1947 (34 crore).
● India is projected to reach 150 crore by 2030 and 166 crore by 2050.
ஐ"கிய நா)க* உலக ம"க* ெதாைக வா234க*:

● UN World Population Prospects (WPP), 2022, 20231 இIதியா 140 ேகா+

ம"க$ெதாைகhட/ சீனாைவ வ9jசி அதிக ம"க$ ெதாைக
ெகாkட நாடாக மாRG எ/R கண9?D$ளD.
● இIதியாவ91 தEேபாD உலக ம"க$ ெதாைகய91 17.5%
உ$ளD.
● இD 19471 இIதியா AதIதிரG அைடIத ேபாD (34 ேகா+)
இHIத ம"க$ ெதாைகைய வ9ட நா/P மட6P அதிகG.
● இIதியாவ91 ம"க$ ெதாைக 20301 150 ேகா+யாக;G, 20501
166 ேகா+யாக;G இH"PG எ/R கண9"க,ப=>$ளD.
Decline in India’s TFR:

In 2021, India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) slipped below the replacement level fertility (which is 2.1
children per woman) to two. Post-Independence, in the 1950s, India had a TFR of six.

● Several States have reached a TFR of two except for Bihar, UP, Jharkhand, Manipur and
Meghalaya.
○ The main causes for this include high illiteracy levels, rampant child marriage,
high levels of under-five mortality rates, a low workforce participation of women,
lower contraceptive usage and a lack of economic and decisive say among
women.
இ6தியாவ78 ெமா9த க:;<த8 வ7கித =ைற34:

● 2021 இA, இIதியாவ9- ெமாQத கRS.தA வ9கித# (TFR) மாU.

நிைல கRS.தைல வ9ட (ஒR ெபXY0Z 2.1 ZழIைதக6)
இரXடாக ச]IதG.
● ^தIதிரQதிUZN ப9-, 1950கள`A, இIதியாவ9A ெமாQத கRS.தA
வ9கித#-6 .
● பaகா%, உ.ப9., ஜா%கXD, மண9Nd% மU.# ேமகாலயாைவQ தவ9ர
பல மாநிலfக6 ெமாQத கRS.தA வ9கித#-2 ஐ எD:E6ளன.
● அதிக கAவ9யறிவ9-ைம,
● பரவலான ZழIைதQ திRமண#,
● அதிக அளS ஐIG வயG0ZDபDட இறNh வ9கித#,
● ெபXகள`- ZைறIத ெதாழிலாள% பfேகUh,
● ZைறIத கRQதைட பய-பா5 மU.#
● ெபXகள`- ெபாRளாதாரN பfேகUh இAைல ஆகியைவ இதUZ
j0கிய காரணfக6.
Population of India since 1901:
1901 ;த) இ"தியாவ(5 ம,க.ெதாைக:
Population
Birth and Death rate:
ப(ற?@ மABC இற?@ வ(கிதC:
Sex Ratio:
பாலின வ9கிதG:
Population Density-ம'க. ெதாைக
அட$=தி:
Life Expectancy:வாDநா. எதி2பா2?@
Literacy Rate-எA9தறி; வ7கிதB
Tamilnadu:
Causes for Population Raise:
1.Child Marriage and Multi Marriage System 1. !ழ#ைத தி(மண+ ம,-+ பல
தி(மண 0ைற
2.Religious Superstitions
2. மத 2டந+ப56ைகக8
3.Illiteracy and Unawareness 3. க9வ5ய5<ைம ம,-+ அறியாைம
4.Poverty 4. வ-ைம
5. Preference for male child: 5. ஆ@ !ழ#ைத6கான வ5(Bப+
6. Low status for women 6. ெப@கD6! !ைற#த அ#தEF

7. Medical Advancement: 7. ம(GFவ 0<ேன,ற+:

8. ச2க பாFகாBK இ9லாைம
8.Lack of Social Security
9. Mடான காலநிைல
9.Hot Climate
10. !N+ப6 கONBபாOP9 அலOசிய+
10. Indifferent towards Family Planning
1.Child Marriage and Multi Marriage System
Fழ"ைத திHமணC மABC பல திHமண
;ைற

Increased Fertility rate

கH;Rத1 வ9கிதG அதிகF?D வHகிறD
Median age of marriage for women in India in 2001 - 18.2 years and in 2011 - 19.2
years
2001 - 18.2 ஆk>க$ மERG 2011 இ1 - 19.2 ஆk>க$
இIதியாவ91 ெபkகளq/ சராசF திHமண வயD
30.2% women marries less than 18 years of age as per 2011 cencus
2011 ம"க$ ெதாைக கண"ெக>,ப9/ப+ 30.2% ெபkக$ 18
வயD"P Pைறவாக திHமணG ெசrD ெகா$கி/றனU.
2.Religious Superstitions
மத $டந'ப)*ைகக-
Childs are gifts of god
Marriage is universal in Indian society
Complete life
PழIைதக$ கட;ளq/ பFA
இIதிய சYக?தி1 திHமணG எ/பD க=டாயG
tXைமயான வாu"ைக
3.Illiteracy and Unawareness
க5வ4ய4>ைம ம?@+
அறியாைம
13% pregnancy is unwanted
Unaware of contraceptives
Importance of Human Resource
Lack of sex education
13% கU,பG ேதைவயEறD
கH?தைட சாதன6கைள, பEறி அறியாதவUக$
மனqத வள?தி/ t"கிய?DவG
பாலிய1 க1வ9 இ1லாைம
4.Poverty
வ&ைம
Children are considered as working hands
PழIைதக$ Dைண" கர6களாக" கHத,ப>கி/றனU
Increased IMR because of lack of care and nutrition
கவனq,- மERG ஊ=டVச?D Pைறபா> காரணமாக IMR
அதிகF"கிறD
Poor states has highest numbers in population
ஏuைமயான மாநில6களq1 ம"க$ ெதாைக அதிகமாக
உ$ளனD
UP,Bihar
5.Preference for male child:
ஆC -ழ1ைத'கான
வ4F)ப+:
Religious Duty
சமய கடைம
Generation
தைலtைற
As per NFHS-5 -80% of Indian wanted at least one baby boy
NFHS-5 இ/ ப+ - 80% இIதியUக$ PைறIதப=சG ஒH ஆk
PழIைதைய வ9HG-கி/றனU
6.Low status for women:
ெபCகG'- -ைற1த
அ1தHI:
Early Marriage
Education is denied
Only 6.4% of Women who studied higher education delivers more than 2 children.
58.9% of women with no education delivers more than 2 children.
7. Medical Advancement:
ம()*வ ,-ேன0ற1:
Infant mortality rate
PழIைதக$ இற,- வ9கிதG
Infertility treatment –IVF
PழIைதய9/ைம சிகிVைச - IVF
Total Fertility Rate and India :
இ/தியாவ)4 ெமா6த க789த4 வ)கித':
The expected average number of children born to each woman
ஒRெவா( ெப@S6!+ ப5ற6!+ !ழ#ைதகளU< சராசW எ@ண56ைக
the replacement rate of 2.1
மா,- வ5கித+ 2.1
The National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4, conducted in 2015-16, found India’s TFR had reached 2.2.
2015-169 நடGதBபOட ேதசிய !N+ப நல ஆ`a (NFHS)-4, இ#தியாவ5< TFR 2.2ஐ எOPய5(Bபதாக6
க@டறி#தF.
Most Indian states had already achieved or were below 2.1 TFR.
ெப(+பாலான இ#திய மாநிலdக8 ஏ,கனேவ 2.1 TFR ஐ எOPய5(#தன
The exceptions were Bihar (3.4), Uttar Pradesh (2.7), Jharkhand (2.6), Rajasthan (2.4), Madhya Pradesh (2.3), Chhattisgarh (2.2), Assam
(2.2) and some north-eastern states
வ5திவ5ல6!க8 பfகாg (3.4), உGதரB ப5ரேதச+ (2.7), ஜாgக@O (2.6), ராஜEதா< (2.4), மGதியB
ப5ரேதச+ (2.3), சGதoEகg (2.2), அசா+ (2.2) ம,-+ சில வடகிழ6! மாநிலdக8
Demographic Dividend-
ம3க5ெதாைக ஈ:)ெதாைக
It is the potential for economic gains when the share of the working-age population
(15 years – 64 years) is higher than the non-working age group.
உைழ"PG வயதினF/ (15 வயD - 64 வயD), ேவைல
ெசrயாத வயதினைர வ9ட அதிகமாக இH"PGேபாD,
ெபாHளாதார ஆதாய6கe"கான சா?திய"fR இDவாPG
By 2020 median age of India-28
2020"P$ இIதியாவ9/ சராசF வயD-28
China-37
USA-45
Is population a boon or a bane to the Indian
economy?
● India is regarded as a country with "Demographic Dividend". This is due to.
● Its high population in the age group below 15 years. Its high population in the age
group of 15-64 years.
● education, skill development, increased employment opportunities
● Indian population may become a liability.
● If these crises are not addressed soon, India may face various negative repercussions
like poverty, pollution, poor standard of living,
இ"திய? ெபாHளாதாரKதிAF ம,க. ெதாைக
வரமா அ)லM சாபமா?
● இIதியா "ம"க$ெதாைக ஈ;?ெதாைக" ெகாkட ஒH நா>.
● 15-64 வயD"P=ப=டவUகளq1 அதிக ம"க$ ெதாைக.
● க1வ9, திற/ ேமGபா>, ேவைல வாr,-க$

● இIதிய ம"க$ ஒH ெபாR,- ஆகலாG.

● இIத ெநH"க+க$ வ9ைரவ91 தyU"க,படாவ9=டா1,

● வRைம, மாAபா>, ேமாசமான வாu"ைக? தரG, ேபா/ற
ப1ேவR எதிUமைறயான வ9ைள;கைள இIதியா சIதி"க
ேநF>G.