UNIT 7.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
A. VOCABULARY
WORD PRONNCIATION MEANING
carbon dioxide (n) /ˌkɑːrbən daɪˈɑːksaɪd/ khí cacbonic/ cacbon đioxit
E.g. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Cây xanh hấp thụ khí cacbonic và tạo ra khí
oxi.
carbon footprint (n) /ˌkɑːrbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ dấu chân cacbon
(tổng lượng phát thải khí nhà kính)
E.g. We need to reduce our carbon footprint. Chúng ta cần giảm bớt dấu chân cacbon của mình.
coral (n) /ˈkɒrəl/ san hô
E.g. She was wearing a coral necklace. Cô ấy đang đeo một chiếc vòng cổ bằng san hô.
dugong (n) /ˈduːɡɒŋ/ con cá cúi, bò biển
E.g. The fisherman found a rare dugong in the water. Ngư dân tìm thấy một con bò biển quý hiếm
dưới nước.
ecosystem (n) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ hệ sinh thái
E.g. This bay has a very complex ecosystem. Vịnh này có một hệ sinh thái rất phức tạp.
endangered species (n) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz / các loài động thực vật có nguy cơ bị tuyệt
chủng
E.g. Mountain gorillas are an endangered species. Khỉ đột núi là một loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.
extinction (n) /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ sự tuyệt chủng, tuyệt diệt
E.g. Pandas are on the margin of extinction. Gấu trúc đang trên bờ vực tuyệt chủng.
habitat (n) /ˈhæbɪtæt/ môi trường sống
E.g. This type of owl prefers a desert habitat. Loại cú này thích môi trường sống sa mạc.
oxygen (n) /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ khí ô-xi
E.g. Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. Hydro và oxy kết hợp để tạo thành nước.
participate (n) /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ tham gia
E.g. I hope everyone will participate in this discussion. Tôi hy vọng mọi người sẽ tham gia vào cuộc
thảo luận này.
product (n) /ˈprɒdʌkt/ sản phẩm
E.g. They put a new product on the market. Họ đưa một sản phẩm mới ra thị trường.
protect (n) /prəˈtekt/ bảo vệ
E.g. We should protect the environment. Chúng ta nên bảo vệ môi trường.
release (n) /rɪˈliːs/ thải ra, làm thoát ra
E.g. Coal power stations release sulfur dioxide into the air. Các nhà máy điện than giải phóng lưu
huỳnh đi-ô-xít vào không khí.
resident (n) /ˈrezɪdənt/ người dân, dân cư
E.g. She’s a resident here. Cô ấy là một cư dân ở đây.
single-use (n) /ˌsɪŋɡl ˈjuːs/ để sử dụng một lần
E.g. Sales of single-use cameras fell by 2% last year. Doanh số bán máy ảnh dùng một lần đã giảm
2% trong năm ngoái.
species (n) /ˈspiːʃiːz/ giống, loài động thực vật
E.g. Many species disappeared during the Ice Age. Nhiều loài đã biến mất trong Kỷ băng hà.
substance (n) /ˈsʌbstəns/ chất
E.g. Some frogs produce toxic substances in their skin. Một số loài ếch sản sinh ra các chất độc hại
trong da của chúng
toxic (n) /ˈtɒksɪk/ độc hại
E.g. Many pesticides are highly toxic. Nhiều loại thuốc trừ sâu có độc tính cao.

B. WORD FORMATION
Word Related words Transcription Meaning
endangered (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ trong tình trạng bị đe doạ
endanger(v) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒər/ gây nguy hiểm
endangerment (n) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərmənt/ tình trạng bị đe doạ
endangerer (n) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərər/ người hoặc vật gây ra mối đe doạ
endangering (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərɪŋ/ tình trạng bị de dọa
extinction (n) /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ sự tuyệt chủng, tuyệt diệt
extinct (adj) /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ tuyệt chủng
habitat (n) /ˈhæbɪtæt/ môi trường sống
habitable (adj) /ˈhæbɪtəbl/ có thể sống được
habitation (n) /ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn/ sự cư trú, nơi cư trú
inhabitant (n) /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt cư dân, người cư ngụ
product (n) /ˈprɒdʌkt/ sản phẩm
 production (n) /prəˈdʌkʃn/ sự sản xuất
produce (n) /prəˈdjuːs/ sản lượng
produce (v) /prəˈdjuːs/ sản xuất, chế tạo
producer (n) /prəˈduːsər/ nhà sản xuất
protect (v) /prəˈtekt/ bảo vệ
protection (n) /prəˈtekʃn/ sự bảo vệ
toxic (adj) /ˈtɒksɪk/ độc hại
non-toxic (adj) /ˌnɒn ˈtɒksɪk không độc hại
toxicity (n) /tɒkˈsɪsəti/ độc tố, độc tính

C. GRAMMAR
Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time (Câu phức với mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
1. Complex sentences
- Câu phức là câu bao gồm 1 mệnh đề độc lập (independent clause) và ít nhất 1 mệnh đề phụ thuộc
(dependent clause) liên kết với nhau. Hai mệnh đề thường được nối với nhau bởi dấu phẩy hoặc các
liên từ phụ thuộc (subordinating conjunctions).
E.g. My father always takes time to play with me even though he is very busy.
Mệnh đề độc lập Mệnh đề phụ thuộc
(Bố của tôi luôn dành thời gian để chơi với tôi mặc dù ông rất bận rộn.)
Hoặc:
Even though my father is very busy, he always takes time to play with me.
Mệnh đề phụ thuộc Mệnh đề độc lập
(Mặc dù bố tôi rất bận rộn, nhưng ông luôn dành thời gian để chơi với tôi.)
- Trong câu phức, chúng ta thường gặp một số dạng mệnh đề phụ thuộc phổ biến sau: mệnh đề trạng
ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân lý do (adverb clause of reason), mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (adverb clause
of time), mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (adverb clause of concession), mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ
mục đích (adverb clause of purpose), mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả (adverb clause of results).
2. Adverb clauses of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
2.1. Định nghĩa
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian là những mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: when
(khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until, till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi), before, by the
time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as, so long as (chừng nào mà), since (từ khi)...
E.g. I hope to pay him a visit before I go away.
(Tôi hy vọng đến thăm được anh ấy trước khi tôi đi.)
When we were in New York, we saw several plays.
(Khi chúng tôi ở New York, chúng tôi đã xem một vài vở kịch.)
As soon as you are ready, we shall go.
(Ngay khi cậu sẵn sàng, chúng ta sẽ đi.)
We stayed there until it stopped raining.
(Chúng tôi đã ở đó cho đến khi trời ngừng mưa.)
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu. Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời
gian đứng ở đầu câu sẽ ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
2.2. Cách sử dụng
a. Diễn đạt 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào
Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time
S + V-ed while S+ was/ were + V-ing
(quá khứ đơn) as (quá khứ tiếp diễn)
S + was/ were + V-ing when S + V-ed
(quá khứ tiếp diễn) (quá khứ đơn)
E.g. We were having dinner when she came.
(Khi cô ấy tới, chúng tôi đang ăn tối.)
As I was walking home, it began to rain.
(Khi chúng tôi đang đi bộ về nhà thì trời bắt đầu mưa.)
b. Diễn tả hai hành động diễn ra song song
Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time
S+ is/am/are +V-ing while S+ is/am/are +V-ing
S + was/ were +V-ing S + was/ were +V-ing
(chia ở thì tiếp diễn) (chia ở thì tiếp diễn)
E.g. I was cooking dinner while my husband was reading a book.
(Tôi đang nấu bữa tối trong khi chồng tôi đang đọc sách.)
She is playing tennis while her brother is listening to music.
(Trong khi cô ấy đang chơi tennis thì anh trai cô ấy lại đang nghe nhạc.)
c. Đối với hiện tại hoàn thành, sau since (từ khi) luôn chia ở thì quá khứ đơn
 Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time
S + has/ have + PII since S + Ved
(hiện tại hoàn thành) (quá khứ đơn)
E.g. I haven’t met her since she left school.
(Tôi đã không gặp cô ấy từ khi cô ấy nghỉ học ở trường.)
She has played the piano since she was a child.
(Cô ấy đã chơi piano từ khi cô ấy còn nhỏ.)
d. Hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác trong quá khứ
Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time
S + V-ed after S+ had + PII
(quá khứ đơn) as soon as (quá khứ hoàn thành)
S+ had + PII before S + V-ed
(quá khứ hoàn thành) by the time (quá khứ đơn)
E.g. By the time we arrived, he had already left.
(Khi chúng tôi đến, anh ấy đã rời đi rồi.)
She got a job after she had graduated from university.
(Cô ấy đi làm sau khi đã tốt nghiệp đại học.)
e. Nối các hành động xảy ra trong tưomg lai
Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time
S + will + V when S + V-s/es
S + be going to + V as soon as S + have/has + PII
(Tương lai đơn/ tương lai gần) after (hiện tại đơn/ hiện tại hoàn thành)
before
until
E.g. I’ll go to bed after I have finished my homework.
(Tôi sẽ đi ngủ sau khi tôi làm xong bài tập về nhà.)
When John comes, we will give him your letter.
(Khi John đến, chúng tôi sẽ gửi cho anh ta bức thư của cậu.)

D. PRONUNCIATION
Clusters: /bl/ and /kl/
1. /bl/
E.g.
blue blink black bleed
blossom blur blend blanch
2. /kl/
E.g.
clock bicycle eclipse
circle clause classic

E. PRACTICE
Exercise 1. Look and put the word under the correct photo. Then pronounce it correctly.
blow clown classroom blossom
cliff blanket clean blind

1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________

5. ________________ 6. ________________ 7. ________________ 8. ________________

Exercise 2. Use single underline with the word containing /bl/ and double underline with the word
containing /kl/. Then read the sentences aloud (pay attention to the sound /bl/ and /kl/).
1. He wore a navy blue blazer to the wedding.
2. I need to clean my room before my parents come home.
3. The blizzard covered the entire town with snow.
4. The audience started to clap when the musician finished playing.
5. She covered herself with a warm blanket in a cold winter night.
6. The cut on his hand was deep and started to bleed.
7. The water in the lake is so clear that you can see the fish swimming.
8. Don’t blame me for your mistakes.
9. The tropical climate in this region is hot and humid.
10. Sarah is in the 5th grade class at her school.
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
stations endangered carbon extinction environment
combine ecosystem fisherman absorb participate
1. Pandas are on the margin of ________________.
2. The ________________found a rare dugong in the water.
3. I hope everyone will ________________in this discussion.
4. We should protect the ________________.
5. Coal power ________________release sulfur dioxide into the surrounding air.
6. Hydrogen and oxygen ________________to form water.
7. Trees ________________carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
8. We need to reduce our ________________footprint.
9. This bay has a very complex ________________.
10. Mountain gorillas are an ________________species.
Exercise 4. Put each type of pollution with its description.
noise pollution thermal pollution
radioactive pollution light pollution
water pollution soil pollution
visual pollution air pollution

Description Type of pollution

1. Too much use of electric lights
2. Caused by the smoke and harmful gases from vehicles and factories.
3. The noise which is harmful to humans and animals. This includes the
sound of vehicles, loud speakers...
 4. Telephone towers, power lines, advertising billboards obstruct
people from enjoying a view
5. The deposition of radiation in land, air, water
6. Lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater are contaminated by substances,
making the water unusable for drinking, cooking,...
7. The water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or oceans change.
8. Earth’s surface is destroyed by pesticides
Exercise 5. Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. We need to ________________ (protection) our oceans by reducing plastic waste and overfishing.
2. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers can be ________________ (toxicity) to both the environment
and human health.
3. Her younger sister can be ________________ (annoy) when she behaves naughtily.
4. You must read the ________________ (instruct) carefully before you use the new oven.
5. We were taken aback at the ________________ (drama) changes in our village; each home owns a
computer now.
6. It is always ________________ (interest) to watch the cubs at play.
7. My mother advised me to be careful in my ________________ (choose) of friends.
8. The ________________ (hot) makes everybody very drowsy during the lesson in class.
9. The couple came here at the special ________________ (invite) of the prime minister.
10. Please ________________ (low) the volume of your voice. I can even hear you from next door.
11. These men are armed and ________________ (dangerous), and should not be approached.
12. The latest ________________ (edit) of this book contains many illustrative pictures.
13. The giant panda is an ________________ (danger) species due to habitat loss and poaching.
14. The dodo bird went into ________________ (extinct) in the 17 th century due to hunting and
habitat destruction.
15. The rainforest is the ________________ (habitation) of many species of animals and plants.
Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.
It is now almost certain that global warming has been directly caused (1) ________________ man’s
use of fossil fuels. This has led (2) ________________ an international debate about what we should
do to reduce the negative effects (3) ________________ our actions and how we can make the planet
safe for our children’s children to live in. One consequence (4) ________________ this debate has
been to improve the level of “green” education in schools and this should result (5)
________________ greater awareness of this difficult issue in the long term. However, in the short
term there still remains much to be done. The reason (6) ____________ this is that we need to
address causes (7) _____________ the immediate problem.
Exercise 7. Complete the sentence with the words in the box.
contaminated untreated dead pollutant radioactive
effects dumped aquatic sewage poison
1. ________________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.
2. More and more waste and ________________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
3. The ________________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof container.
4. Oil spills can cause the death of ________________ animals such as fish.
5. ________________ sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
6. Cholera is transmitted through ________________ water.
7. The health ________________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.8.
Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air.
9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are ________________ annually along the coastline.
10. Up to 100.000 fish were found ________________ along the river last week.
Exercise 8. Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
1. She ________________ lunch by the time we arrived.
A. finished B. has finished C. had finished D. finishing
2. Bob will come soon. When Bob ________________, we will see him.
A. come B. will come C. will be coming D. comes
3. I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I ________________dinner.
A. will have B. will be having C. had D. have
4. As soon as the taxi ________________, we will be able to leave for the airport.
A. arrives B. arrive C. will arrive D. arrived
5. I will go to bed after I ________________ my work.
A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. Finishes
6. I ________________ here when you arrive tomorrow.
A. am B. had been C. could be D. will be
7. I am going to wait right here until Jessica ________________.
A. comes B. will have come C. is coming D. came
8. As soon as the war ________________ over, there will be great joy throughout the land.
A. are B. will be C. is D. would be
9. Right now the tide is low, but when the tide comes in, the ship ________________ the harbor.
A. left B. will leave C. will have left D. leave
10. I am going to start making dinner before my wife ________________ home from work today.
A. get B. gets C. will get D. got
Exercise 9: Identify the underlined part that needs correction.
1. When it raining. I usually go to school by bus.
A. When B. raining C. usually go D. by bus
2. I learned a lot of Japanese while I am in Tokyo.
A. I B. a lot of C. Japanese D. am
3. I have not been well since I return home.
A. have not been B. well C. return D. home
4. I’ll stay here until will you get back.
A. I’ll B. here C. until D. will you
5. When Sam was in New York, he stays with his cousins.
A. in New York B. he C. stays D. his cousins
6. Last night. I had gone to bed after I had finished my homework.
A. Last night B. had gone C. after D. my homework
7. I will call you before I will come over.
A, will call B. you C. before D. will come
8. Ever since I was a child, I had been afraid of dogs.
A. Ever since B. was C. had been D. afraid of
9. By the time I left my apartment this morning, someone looked for me.
A. left B. this morning C. someone D. looked for
10. Whenever Mark will be angry, his nose gets red.
A. Whenever B. will be C. gets D. red
Exercise 10: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.
1. I will call you before I ________________ over.
A. come B. will come C. will be coming D. came
2. After she graduates, she ________________ a job.
A. got B. will get C. had got D. get
3. When I ________________ him tomorrow, I will ask him.
A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. see
4. As soon as it ________________ raining, we will leave.
A. stops B. stop C. had stopped D. stopped
5. By the time he comes, we will have ________________ already.
A. leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
6. Whenever I ________________ her, I say hello.
A. see B. will see C. will have seen D. saw
7. The next time I go to New York, I am going ________________ a ballet.
A. seeing B. see C. saw D. to see
8. I will never speak to him again so long as I ________________.
A. lives B. will live C. am living D. live
9. By the time Bill ________________to bed tomorrow, he will have had a full day and will be ready
for sleep.
A. had gone B. will go C. goes D. went
10. As soon as I finish my report, I will call you and we ________________ out for dinner.
A. went B. will go C. will have gone D. go
11. By the time I return to my country, I ________________ away from home for more than three
years.
A. would be B. will have been C. will be D. am
12. After he ________________ breakfast tomorrow, he will get ready to go to work.
A. will have had B. has C. will be having D. have
13. As soon as he finishes dinner, he ________________ the children for a walk to a nearby
playground.
A. will take B. takes C. will be taking D. took
14. When Bill gets home, his children ________________ in the yard.
A. played B. will play C. will be playing D. play
15. He will work at his desk until he ________________ to another meeting in the middle of the
afternoon.
A. went B. go C. will go D. goes
Exercise 11. Choose the correct word A, B, C or D for each gap to complete the following passage.
Rivers are (1) ________________ of the world’s most important natural resources. Many cities are on
large rivers, and (2) ________________ every country has at least one river that (3)
________________ an important part in the lives of its people.
Besides transportation, rivers (4) ________________ food, water for crops, water to drink, and
opportunities for recreation for people who live along their (5) ________________. And in order to
get water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam across a river and let the water become a lake
(6) ________________ the dam. Then people can use their water not only to (7) ________________
fields but also to make electricity for homes and industries.
(8) ________________, the water often becomes polluted when cities on river banks grow (9)
________________ size and the number of industries increases. We are learning that it is necessary
to (10) ________________ rivers clean if we want to enjoy the benefits of natural resources.
1. A. one B. ones C. among D. those
2. A. most B. mostly C. almost D. about
3. A. takes B. makes C. occupies D. plays
4. A. supply B. provide C. distribute D. bring
5. A. banks B. shores C. sides D. beaches
6. A. behind B. on C. below D. under
7. A. take B. irrigate C. drain D. give
8. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Thus D. However
9. A. of B. about C. in D. for
10. A. keep B. get C. hold D. maintain

Exercise 12. Read the passage about Air Pollution and find the answers to the questions below.
AIR POLLUTION
We are nowadays becoming more aware of pollution matters that affect dramatically our lives,
especially there is growing concern about air pollution. There are some reasons that lead to this kind
of pollution. Firstly, the development of industrial zones, factories and building construction areas is
producing a large amount of dust and poisonous air. Especially in developing countries, people don’t
pay much attention to the air treatment process which makes the air pollution even worse. Secondly,
because of the increasing urbanization, it can be easily seen that there is always a lot of traffic in rush
hour and dust on the road these days. The smoke from vehicles and manufacturing exhaust increases
the amount of carbon dioxide in the air which makes US feel really hard to breathe. The
consequences are very bad. Smog and dust can do serious harm to our health, especially our lungs.
We have thousands of asthma and adult respiratory distress cases each year which raise concern
about the air quality. Moreover, acid rain is becoming more and more popular which damages crops
and fields. Many people believe that air pollution is also causing global warming and it is difficult to
improve the air without the efforts of all countries around the world.
1. According to the passage, where do a large amount of dust and poisonous air come from?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do developing countries take the air treatment process into careful consideration?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is it difficult for us to breathe when travelling on the roads or streets?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which particular part of our body is seriously affected by smog and dust?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the harmful effect of acid rain?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. According to the passage, if all countries in the world ignore the air pollution condition, will it be
easy to make the air fresher?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 13. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time
Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from
household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw
away. What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment
by doing simple things.
First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also
reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not
hard to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.
Second, we need to watch the amount of water used in the home. It can be conserved by taking short
shower instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when
fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.
Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but should also try to use this
waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants.
The average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by
recycling and reusing.
If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted.
1. Pollution can be caused from the following sources except _____________.
A. house chemicals B. water from household
C. wastes D. water in rivers
2. Recycling can help us _____________.
A. never cut down trees B. use products again and again
C. place garbage bins easily D. produce more paper product
3. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except _____________.
A. take short showers instead of baths
B. repair leaky faucets
C. fully use the washing machine
D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth
4. Recycling helps to reduce waste because _____________.
A. plants need to develop
B. a person can do it in his home
C. waste can be recycled and reused
D. an average man produces compost for plant
5. The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to _____________.
A. recycling B. the number C. cutting down D. effort
Exercise 14. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. While _____________ work, I saw an old friend of mine.
A. I walking home from B. walking home from
C. walked home from D. walking homework
2. Before _____________, I brushed my teeth.
A. left my house B. I leaving my house
C. leaving my house D. my house leaving
3. I feel asleep _____________ TV.
A. while I watch B. while watching
C. while watched D. during I was watching
4. While _____________ about adverb clauses, a mild earthquake shook the classroom.
A. the teacher lecturing B. the teacher was lecturing
C. lecturing D. lectured
5. _____________, a dog chased us down the street
A. While running B. While we were running
C. We were running while D. While running we were
6. Since _____________ to New York, Linda has made many friends.
A. coming B. come C. she coming D. she comes to
7. Peter went back to school _____________ the phone.
A. after john calling him on B. John had called him on
C. after John had called him on D. after John had called him
8. _____________ yesterday, we saw many deer.
A. While we hiking through the woods B. Hiking through the woods
C. During hiking through the woods D. Hiking through the woods we
9. _____________ the necessary qualifications, she was not hired for a job.
A. Lacked B. When lacking C. Lacking D. Because lacking
10. Unable to run the entire 42 kilometers, she decided to drop out of the race, _____________ her a
heat stroke.
A. the fatigue from the intense heat almost gave
B. the fatigue from the intense heat having almost given
C. which the fatigue from the intense heat having almost given
D. the fatigue from the intense heat had almost given
11. _____________ the age of 21, he was able to gamble in Las Vegas.
A. When reached B. Reached C. As reaching D. Upon reaching
12. _____________, Martha was watching her favorite TV program.
A. While Penchant talking to his friend
B. While Penchant was talked to his friend
C. While Penchant was talking to his friend
D. Penchant was talking to his friend while
13. Before _____________ visit my brother and his family, I will need to finish all of my business
dealings with my clients.
A. leaving for North Dakota B. leaving for North Dakota to
C. left for North Dakota to D. I leaving for North Dakota to
14. _____________, the student won a $10 million lottery.
A. While worked on the computer B. While working on the computer
C. While she working on the computer D. D. Working on the computer while she
15. _____________ Asian economic crisis, it has been very hard for Mai and her family to pay their
bills.
A. The B. Because the C. Since the D. Since
Exercise 15. Reorder the words to have correct sentences.
1. since/ years old. / she/ was/ She/ has learned/ English/ 12/
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2. I/ working, / will/ When/I/ finish/ have dinner./
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3. she/ the housework, / school/ will/ go/ to/ As soon as/ she/ finishes/
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4. he/ Someone / a shower. / rang/ him/ when/ was taking/
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5. she/ got/ pregnant, / working/ stopped/ After/ Mary/ hard. /
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6. the beach/ will/ go/ to/ finish/ when/ their children/ The Browns/ studying. /
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7. Just/ she/ came/ she/ went/ to/ the/ hospital. / as/ back/ to/ Australia, /
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8. I / since/ have played/ old. / football/I/ was/ 7/ years/
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9. when/ dinner/ she/ came. / We/ were having/
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10. she/ as soon as/ the/ heard/ She/ cried/ news. /
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11. clearly/ everything/ started/ before/ we/ She/ had explained/ our/ work. /
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12. airport/ at/ the/ she/ by/ the/ time/I / will/ have waited/ arrives. /
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