Unit 3: Protecting the Environment

I. Vocabulary:
Lesson 1
1. affect /əˈfekt/ (v) tác động, ảnh hưởng
Eg: His behaviour affects the whole of the class.
2. burn /bɜːn/ (v) đốt cháy
3. cause /kɔːz/ (v) gây ra
(n) tác nhân, nguyên nhân gây ra
Eg: There will be an investigation into the cause of the fire.
4. cough /kɒf/ (v) ho
5. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ (v) tàn phá, phá hủy
Eg: The strong wind caused serious damage to the roof.
6. disease /dɪˈziːz/ (n) bệnh
7. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ (n) môi trường
Eg: The new road may cause damage to the environment.
environmentist /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ (n): nhà môi trường học
environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ (adj): thuộc về môi trường
environmentally / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪ/ (adv): về phương diện môi trường
environmentally friendly (phrase): thân thiện với môi trường
Eg: We only use products that are environmentally friendly.
8. even /ˈiːvn/ (adv) thậm chí
9. harm /hɑːm/ (v) gây hại
(n): sự nguy hại – do harm to: gây hại cho ai/ cái gì
Eg: We don't want to do harm to the environment.
harmful /ˈhɑ:rmfəl/ (adj): có hại ≠ harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ (adj) vô hại
10. health /helθ/ (n) sức khỏe
healthy /ˈhelθi/ (adj): khỏe mạnh, có lợi cho sức khỏe
unhealthy /ʌnˈhelθi/ (adj): không khỏe, có hại cho sức khỏe
Eg: She looks pale and unhealthy.
11. heart /hɑːt/ (n) trái tim
from the bottom of your heart:
Eg: I love you, and I mean it from the bottom of my heart.
with all your heart :
Eg: I love you with all my heart
break someone's heart:
Eg: He broke her heart when he left her for another woman.
12. issue /ˈɪʃuː/ (n) vấn đề
13. land /lænd/ (n) đất
14. lung /lʌŋ/ (n) phổi
15. poison /ˈpɔɪzn/ (n) đầu độc
(n): chất độc
blood poisoning (n) sự nhiễm trùng máu
poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ (adj): có độc
Eg: Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless, poisonous gas.
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16. pollute /pəˈluːt/ (v) gây ô nhiễm
pollution /pəˈlu:ʃən/ (n): sự ô nhiễm
Eg: The company claims it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
polluted /pəˈlu:tɪd/ (adj): bị ô nhiễm ≠ unpolluted /ʌnpəˈlu:tɪd/ (adj): không bị ô nhiễm
pollutant /pəˈlu:tənt/ (n): chất gây ô nhiễm
Eg: Pollutant is a harmful substance that causes pollution
17. prevent /prɪˈvent/ (v) ngăn chặn, ngăn cản
prevent sb from doing sth: ngăn ai không làm được điều gì
Eg: His disability prevents him (from) driving.
prevention /priˈvenʃən/ (n): sự ngăn chặn, sự ngăn ngừa
Eg: As far as health is concerned, it is often said that prevention is better than cure.
18. protect /prəˈtekt/ (v) bảo vệ
protect sb/sth from sth: bảo vệ ai/ điều gì khỏi điều gì
We must protect the environment from being damaged.
protection /prəˈtekʃən/ (n): sự bảo vệ
protector /prəˈtektər/ (n): người bảo vệ, dụng cụ bảo vệ
protective /prəˈtektɪv/ (adj): mang tính bảo vệ, che chở
19. soil /sɔɪl/ (n) đất trồng
20. tourism /ˈtɔːrɪzəm/ (n) ngành du lịch
tour /tʊər/ (n) chuyến du lịch
Eg: We went on a guided tour of the museum.
Tour guide (n) hướng dẫn viên du lịch
Eg: A tour guide is a person who provides assistance, information on cultural, historical
and contemporary heritage to people
21. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ (n) đời sống hoang dã

Lesson 2
22. air conditioner /ˈeə kəndɪʃənə(r)/ (n) máy điều hòa
23. clean up /kliːn ʌp / (phr.v) làm sạch, dọn dẹp
24. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ (n) điện
electrician /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃn/ (n): người thợ điện
electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkl/ (adj): thuộc về điện, ngành học về
electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ (adj): tạo ra điện, sử dụng điện để vận hành thiết bị
25. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ (v) tái chế
26. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ (v) cắt giảm
reduction /riˈdʌkʃən/ (n): sự cắt giảm
27. reuse /ˌriːˈjuːz/ (v) tái sử dụng
reusable /ˌri:ˈju:zəbəl/ (adj): có thể tái sử dụng
Eg: I always carry a reusable shopping bag.
28. save /seɪv/ (v) tiết kiệm
savings /ˈseɪ·vɪŋz/ (n) khoản tiền tiết kiệm ( dùng số ít là saving)
Eg: I’m going to put some of my savings into a down payment on a car.
29. waste/weɪst/ (v) lãng phí
waste /weɪst/ (n): sự lãng phí; rác/ chất thải
a waste of time and money: sự phung phí thời gian và tiền bạc
Eg: Are online games waste of time and money?
waste /weɪst/ (adj): không còn giá trị sử dụng

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 wasteful /ˈweɪstfl/ (adj): lãng phí
Eg: It's wasteful when you throw so much food away.
Lesson 3
30. provide /prəˈvaɪd/ (v) cung cấp
provide somebody with something
Eg: The company provides all employees with medical benefits.

II.Grammar:
1. First Conditional (Câu điều kiện loại I):
– Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để:
❖ diễn tả một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
❖ đưa ra lời đề nghị hoặc lời hứa

– Khi mệnh đề if đứng trước mệnh đề chính, cần dấu phẩy ở giữa.
Mệnh đề If Mệnh đề chính

If + Subject + Present Simple, Subject + will + bare infinitive

(diễn tả điều kiện) (diễn tả kết quả)

If there’s too much trash on beaches, people won’t go there.

There won’t be any fish left if we keep polluting the sea.
What will happen if people keep burning trash?
If people keep burning trash, the air will be polluted.
Examples:
– Trong câu điều kiện loại một, nếu mệnh đề điều kiện ở thể phủ định, có thể dùng unless thay cho If +
not. Chúng ta có thể dùng unless ở đầu câu (có dấu phẩy), hoặc giữa câu (không có dấu phẩy).

Examples: Unless we stop burning trash, the air will be polluted.

(= If we don’t stop burning trash, the air will be polluted.)

The air will be polluted unless we stop burning trash.

*Lưu ý:
– when được dùng thay vì if khi chúng ta chắc chắn một việc sẽ xảy ra.
e.g. If Joe comes to the meeting, I’ll talk to him about global warming. (Có thể Joe đến/không
đến dự cuộc họp)

When Joe comes to the meeting, I’ll talk to him about global warming.
(Joe chắc chắn sẽ đến dự cuộc họp)

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 * Một số trường hợp không dùng will ở mệnh đề chính:

– Khi sự việc ở mệnh đề chính không chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra dù điều kiện ở mệnh đề if được đáp ứng →
dùng may/could; nếu khả năng xảy ra rất thấp → dùng might

Ex. If we stop cutting down trees, the number of animals may/could start to grow again. (Có thể
các loài động vật sẽ sinh sôi trở lại, nhưng không chắc.)
– Khi mệnh đề chính diễn tả sự cho phép → dùng can

Ex. You can catch fish in this part of the river if you have a license.
– Khi mệnh đề chính diễn tả lời khuyên → dùng should

Ex. If you want to take photos of these animals, you should be very careful.

2. Compound sentences with and (Liên từ and trong câu ghép)

– Câu ghép có tối thiểu hai mệnh đề độc lập và nối với nhau bởi một trong các liên từ trong nhóm
FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).

– Liên từ and được sử dụng để thêm thông tin trong một câu ghép.

– Dấu phẩy được sử dụng trước liên từ để ngăn cách hai mệnh đề độc lập trong câu ghép.

Ex. We should recycle the bottles, and we should plant trees.

We should save the electricity, and we shouldn’t waste water.

3. Complex sentences with so (that) (Liên từ so (that) trong câu phức)

– Câu phức là câu có ít nhất một mệnh đề độc lập và một mệnh đề phụ thuộc (không thể đứng độc lập một
mình) được nối với nhau bởi liên từ.

– Liên từ so (that) được sử dụng để nói về mục đích của một hành động trong câu phức.

– Không có dấu phẩy trước từ chỉ mục đích so (that).

Ex: We should clean up our house regularly so (that) we can work effectively.

*Lưu ý:

Để chỉ kết quả, chúng ta cũng dùng so, nhưng có dấu phẩy phía trước, và câu này thuộc loại câu
ghép.

Ex: Water pollution is a serious problem in my town, so we shouldn’t throw trash into rivers.

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 BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ
LESSON 1
PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1 A heart B catch C watch D question
2 A affect B effect C nature D climate
3 A natural B pollutant C lecture D feature
4 A visitor B forest C dirty D Dutch
5 A environment B temperature C picture ` D match

VOCABULARY
a. Put the words in brackets in the correct forms.
1 Burning coal to produce electricity ________________ the air. (POLLUTION)
2 People are worried about the effects of ________ on the island. (TOURIST)
3 Polluted air can cause ___________ problems in people and animals. (HEALTHY)
4 People believe that organic farming is better for the (ENVIRONMENTAL)
b. Complete the sentences using the words in the boxes.
health wildlife cause disease land damage
5 water pollution can ___________ marine life.
6 Many human activities can harm ___________________.
7 Fruit and vegetables cannot grow on polluted___________________.
8 Air pollution can affect the ______________ of people and animals.
9 A rare _____________ is now killing many farm animals in the countryside.
10 Water waste from homes, plants and farms can ____________ water pollution.
GRAMMAR
a. Read the conversation. Circle the correct options.
Mia: What are you going to do next weekend, Ben?
Ben: If 1 I have / will have time, I plant / will plant some trees in my neighborhood.
Mia: What do you do that for?
Ben: To reduce air pollution.
Mia: What 2 happen / will happen if there are / will be more trees?
Ben: Well, if we 3 grow / will grow more trees, they help / will help reduce air pollution. And
if the air we breathe 4 becomes / will become clean, it be / will be good for our health.
Mia: Great! If I 5 complete / will complete my homework on time, I join / will join you.
Ben: Great! We can do something helpful for our community tha: way.
b. Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
visit die not/be not/reduce happen
harm keep not/grow do continue
6 If beaches _____________ clean, fewer people ___________ them.
7 What ______________ if we _____________ nothing to reduce pollution?
8 If they __________ throwing trash into the river, many fish ______________.
9 We __________ wildlife if we ___________ air pollution.
10 If people ___________ to pollute the land, plants and trees ___________

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READING
a. Read the text about air pollution. Choose the best options.
Air pollution is a big problem in big cities. Evidence shows that air pollution may cause serious
health problems for humans and animals. We 1 _______________ more health problems if we do not
lower the air pollution levels. There are some simple actions we can take to reduce air pollution.
First, get familiar with bus or train routes in your city 2 ______________ start to replace your
motorbike travel with a bus trip at least once a week. The frequent use of public transportation
can help reduce emissions that cause air pollution. You can even walk or bike 3 ______________
short distances.
Second, try to use less packaging. Factories can badly 4 ______________ air quality when producing
plastic, foil and cardboard for packaging. Whatever you are shopping for, remember to choose
items with as little packaging as possible. If you have no choice, go for recyclable packaging.
Another good way to reduce air pollution is to manage your household waste. Reusing, recycling
and composting can help reduce a significant 5 ______________ of garbage. Thal means that less
garbage will end up in landhis which are major sources of air pollution.

1 A gets B getting C will get D won’t get

2 A but B for C yet D and
3 A in B for C with D at
4 A drop B grow C affect D keep
5 A amount B number C total D level

b. Read the text again. Choose the best answers.

6 What is the best title for the text?
A How bad is air pollution in big cities? B What causes air pollution in big cities?
C How can people solve a health problem? D What can people help to reduce air pollution?

7 Which word has the OPPOSITE meaning to the word reduce in paragraph 1?
A cut B lower C increase D decrease
8 Which word has the CLOSEST meaning to the word routes in paragraph 23
A trips B ways C stops D stations
9 According to the text, which is NOT a suggestion for reducing air pollution?
A using plastic packaging B recycling home garbage
C using public transportation D choosing recyclable packaging
10 Which is TRUE about the landfills in paragraph 4?
A They cause air pollution.
B They help manage household waste.
C they are places for recycling household waste.
D They have a large capacity for garbage.

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WRITING
a. Match the halves to make complete sentences.

1 It won't affect the wildlife A it we keep using too much plastic.

2 There will be fewer birds B if we don't stop damaging their homes.
3 If there is too much trash on beaches, C if people use too many cars and motorbikes.
4 We won't be able to stop land pollution D fewer people want to visit them.
5 Air pollution will worsen E it we keep the rivers and seas clean.

b. Combine the sentences using First Conditional. Add a comma where necessary.
0. We keep polluting the land. Trees and plants will die.
→ If we keep polluting the land, trees and plants will die.
→ Trees and plants will die if we keep polluting the land.
6 We recycle more. We will be able to protect the environment.
→
7 Overfishing will damage marine life. We need to control it.
→
8 Don't throw garbage into rivers and lakes. You'll make them dirty.
→
9 We don't stop polluting the environment. We get more health problems.
→
10 We don't have enough food and water. We don't stop water pollution.
→
LESSON 2
PRONUNCIATION
Circle the word that has a stress pattern different from the others.
1 A answer B become C enter D carry
2 A remove B wonder C brother D happen
3 A arrive B replace C enjoy D damage
4 A avoid B select C listen D attract
5 A review B suffer C gather D copy

VOCABULARY
a. Match the descriptions to the suitable words from Lesson Summary. Write them on
the lines.
1 We use this to keep the air in a hot room cool.
_________________
2 This means to make something tidy and clean.
_________________
3 This is the act of using something only when it is necessary.
_________________
4 This is the act of spending or consuming an excessive amount of something.
_________________
5 This power allows fans, refrigerators and other household appliances to operate.
_________________
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b. Complete the sentences using the words in the box
save clean up reduce waste clean up
6 Before the festival, people will ___________ all the streets.
7 The scientist will explain some techniques on how to _________ household things.
8 Using these healthcare kits will help ____________ the environmental risks to your health.
9 The rescue team will take the elephants to another place so that they can ____________ their
lives.
10 Please do not ____________ electricity because there will not be enough for us to use this
winter.

GRAMMAR
a. Are the sentences correct in the use of and or so that? Put a tick (v) or a cross (x).
1 I think students should walk to school so that we should reuse old books.
2 We will collect plastic bottles, and they will help recycle them.
3 Everyone should reuse envelopes so that we will not waste paper.
4 We should use public transportation so that we can help reduce air pollution.
5 We shouldn't throw garbage into rivers and we will save the homes of water animals and
plants.

b. Complete the sentences using and or so that. Add a comma where necessary.
6 We should take a bus often _____ we can help reduce air pollution in the city.
7 At school we learn that we should save energy _____ we shouldn't waste paper.
8 We should turn off air conditioners when we leave ____ we won't waste electricity.
9 We should reduce our use of water ____ We should recycle things more often.
10 We should clean up the beach ______ We should plant more trees along the coast.

LISTENING
a. Listen to a report on recycling in Japan, the USA and Senegal. Match the countries to
the information. You may choose more than one answer.

1 _______ places different trash bins everywhere

2 _______ has 65% of its drink cans recycled
3 _______ recycles a small amount of its waste
4 _______ recycles all its drink bottles and cans
5 _______ has 40% ot its plastic containers recycled

b. Listen to a conversation between Mike and Lucy. Choose the best answers.
6 What is the main topic of the conversation between Mike and Lucy?
A City road conditions B Traffic problems
C City pollution and solutions D City transportation
7 What is one way that Mike suggests reducing pollution in the city?
A building more roads B buying a new car
C using public transportation D driving a fuel-powered vehicle
8 What do Mike and Lucy agree on as a way to reduce pollution in the city?
A doing nothing B using single- use plastics
C buying new cars D telling people to use reusable bags

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9 What does Lucy do at home to help reduce pollution?
A reusing water bottles B turning on lights
C not using electronic devices D unplugging electronic devices
10 What is Mike's opinion on ways of reducing pollution?
A Every little bit counts. B It is impossible to make a difference.
C It is not worth the effort. D It is only for certain people to do.

LESSON 3
VOCABULARY
Match the descriptions to the correct words.
1 provide 2 create 3 organize 4 remove 5 cleaner

A someone whose job is to make houses or offices clean and tidy

B to make all the arrangements for something to happen
C to take something away from a place because it is uncomfortable or not clean
D to give something to somebody
E to make something happen or exist

LISTENING
Listen to a report on the city of Smallville. Write T (true) or F (false).

6 Land pollution is one of the problems in Smallville.

7 The city should increase green space by building more parks and playgrounds.
8 More trash bins near the river cannot help to reduce water pollution.
9 Local people can help remove trash by joining street clean-ups.
10 Children should learn about the importance of recycling at a young age.
SPEAKING
Circle the best responses.
1 So, what should our school do?
A That sounds great, but I'm afraid! B We can't do anything.
C I don't think we can do that. D We should start a recycling program.

2 Our school is organizing a park clean-up this weekend.

A That's great! B No, thanks! C I don't think so. D You're welcome.

3 We should use fewer plastic bags.

A We should make a plan. B We should go now.
C That's a good idea! D We should have a clean-up

4 We should put more recycling bins in our schoolyard.

A What do we need to do? B Why should we do that?
C How should we get there? D When should we start the clean-up?

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5 Making electricity often causes pollution. I think we should save energy.
A That's a good idea! How can we save it?
B That's a good idea! How do we make it?
C That's great! What do we need to make it?
D. That sound great! Can we leave for it now?

READING
Read the text about ways to protect the environment. Match the students with their
opinions.

Protecting the environment is essential for maintaining the balance of nature and preserving
resources for future generations.
Mathew
Here are some students' ideas on simple steps to help protect the environment. There are a few
things we can do to protect the environment. One way is to refuse to take plastic bags when you
purchase goods from supermarkets or convenience stores. Another way is to reduce water waste
in our houses by taking quick showers. This will help reduce water pollution.

Karim
A gOod way to protect the environment is to save energy because energy production harms the
environment. Remember to turn off our air conditioners, computers and other electric devices
when you leave our rooms. We should also take a bus to school or the shops to reduce air
pollution.

Lin
Trees are essential for our planet. Trees are homes to birds and many other species. They
provide oxygen, help clean the air and fight climate change. Let us plant as many trees as
possible. We can start planting trees in our gardens and schoolyards. We should help clear up
where we live to reduce land pollution.

Sarah
Supporting environmental activities is one of the most beneficial things anyone can do. We can
help the environment by volunteering or donating. We can also organize campaigns to raise
awareness about the importance of environmental protection and inspire others to act. by doing
so, we can all help to preserve our planet and create a more sustainable future

A Mathew B Karim C Lin D Sarah

1 Energy production can damage the environment.
2 Trees can help protect the environment.
3 We should use public transportation more often.
4 We can protect the environment by volunteering and organizing campaigns.
5 Quick showers can help reduce water pollution.

b. Read the text again. Fill in each gap with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text.
6 environmental protection is _______________to preserving natural balance.
7 We should not take _____________ When we buy things at stores.
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8 Using public transportation helps reduce ___________.
9 Trees are important because they provide ____________ and fresh air.
10 We should ___________ others to take action to protect the environment.

WRITING
a. Complete the guide on ways to reduce pollution using the phrases in the box.
Our city is getting polluted in the soil, the river and the air. There are simple things we can do.
First, we should collect 1 _____________ People use a lot of plastic items in their daily life and do
not put them in the bin. 2 _____________. Second, we should clean up rivers 3 _____________. If we
collect trash in rivers regularly, they will be cleaner. Finally, we should use electric vehicles
instead of gasoline-powered vehicles. 4 _____________ and lessen air pollution. These ideas are very
easy lo do, so don't hesitate 5 _____________

A to reduce water pollution

B to make our city a greener place to live
C This can cause land pollution
D and recycle plastic bottles and bags
E Ihis will reduce the amount of gas emitted

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 FURTHER EXERCISES
I. Pronunciation
A. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently( không có gạch chân)
1. A. walked B. filled C. died D. played
2. A. wrap B. mass C. area D. sand
3. A. conservation B. flow C. post D. ocean
4. A. refreshment B. environment C. reduce D. deforestation
5. A. treasure B. sewage C. save D. campus
6. A. spoil B. folk C. float D. violent
7. A. aspect B. trash C. sand D. junkyard
8. A. pollute B. shore C. protect D. provide
9. A. persuade B. prevent C. impressive D. secondhand
10 A. conservation B. save C. deforestation D. disappointed

B. Choose the word that has a different stressed syllable from the rest.
1. A. pollution. B. dynamite. C. pesticide. D. garbage
2. A. explanation. B. achievement. C. preparation. D. persuasion
3. A. authority. B. refreshment. C. preservation. D. protection
4. A. precious. B. valuable. C. disappointed. D. poisonous
5. A. conservation. B. reduction. C. division. D. complaint
6. A. volunteer. B. environment. C. disappointment. D. introduction
7. A. dissolve. B. congratulate. C. comprise. D. practice
8. A. persuasive. B. practical. C. environmental. D. inedible
9. A. prohibition. B. respiration. C. congratulation. D. information
10.A. oceanic. B. precious. C. harmful. D. edible
II. Choose the word/ phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the space in each sentence.
1. He said that I should ………………………………. some exercise.
A. did. B. to do. C. to get. D. do
2. A ……………….can badly affect people and wildlife.
A. natural disaster. B. flood. C. earthquake. D. typhoon
3. An earthquake can ……………………………. many houses and buildings.
A. cause. B. destroy. C. close. D. happen
4. The storm has ……………… 50 houses and buildings.
A. destroy. B. amage. C. damaged. D. closed
5. There’ll be a flood in the city, so we should ……………………… an emergency kit.
A. move. B. expect. C. prepare. D. give
6. People should listen ………………………. the radio for news about the storm
A. to. B. for. C. at. D. with
7. When there’s a flood, …………………………… to a higher place.
A. move. B. sit. C. stand. D. live
8. We shouldn’t ……………………………………. outside when it’s raining heavily.
A. move. B. go. C. prepare. D. damage
9. A storm …………………………. hit Sandy City.
A. have. B. has. C. been. D. having
10. If the aliens ………………………., they‘d …………………. strange fish and mushrooms.
A. swam/eat. B. had/eat. C. rode/eaten. D. swim/ate
11. For a planet ……………………………………. have life if it doesn’t have enough nutrients and a good
atmosphere.
A. can’t. B. don’t. C. isn’t. D. doesn’t
12. If there …………………. aliens, what ……………….they look like?
A. was/did. B. were/did. C. were/would. D. are/will
12
13. In some countries there are laws ……………… littering and smoke.
A. protecting. B. prohibiting. C. permitting. D. persuading
14.My Tam is a well-known singer, ……………. people recognize her wherever she goes.
A. because. B. however. C. therefore. D. so
15. I think the best way to ……………. garbage is to reuse and recycle things.
A. reduce. B. increase. C. develop. D. recycle
16. You can save a lot of money and natural resources by buying ……………. products.
A. used. B. recycled. C. waste. D. old
17. Don’t use plastic bags. They are very hard to ………………
A. dissolve. B. go away. C. disappear. D. reduce
18. If we ______ wasting water, there will be shortage of fresh water in a few decades.
A. turn on B. turn off C. go on D. look for
19. You should ______ all the lights before going out.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn out
20. _________ we go on littering, the environment will become seriously polluted.
A. And B. But C. So D. If
.21. She is tired _________she stayed up late watching TV.
A. as B. but C. so D. and
22. If she_________the airport, I’ll get you know.
A. arrives B. arrive C. arrived D. will arrive
23. If people solve the problems of smoke from vehicles and factories, the air ___ pure and fresh.
A. is B. will be C. won’t be D. would be
24. If you know where she lives, please let me ………………………
A. know. B. knew. C. known. D. to know
25. If you live in this small town, you ……………….earn much money.
A. aren’t. B. couldn’t. C. can’t. D. didn’t
26. If people ………………….public transport, there will be less pollution.
A. use. B. will use. C. can use. D. used
27. Using__________transport is a good way to reduce traffic jams and air pollution.
A. common. B. private. C. public. D. train
28. I will be__________if she manages to sell that motorbike at high price.
A. surprise. B. surprised. C. surprising. D. to surprise
29. Everyone must take part in__________deforestation.
A. prevent. B. preventing. C. to prevent. D. prevented
30. I suggest__________to the movies.
A. go. B. to go. C. going. D. went

III. Read then choose the most suitable word to complete the passage.
1. CLOZE TEST:
Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (23) _____ human
activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world carries on consuming two-
thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so just to stay alive we are
rapidly destroying the (24) _____ resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper.
Everywhere fertile soil is either built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so
much that they will never be able to recover completely. We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere
without any thought of the consequences. As a (25) _____ the planet's ability to support people is being
reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (26) _____ increasingly
heavy demands on it.
The Earth's natural resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines,
warmth, shelter and minerals to (27) _____ us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in

13
how we use the resources, they will (28) _____ indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and
excessively, they will soon run out and everyone will suffer.
23. A. Although B. Still C. However D. Eventually
24. A. alone B. individual C. lone D. only
25. A. development B. result C. reaction D. product
26. A. doing B. having C. taking D. making
27. A. hold B. maintain C. keep D. stay
28. A. last B. stand C. go D. remain
The city of Cranford has lots of _____1__________ problems. We have a lot of air, water, and land pollution.
Here are some simple things we can do to help our city's environment.
We should create more green spaces like parks and playgrounds. They would be great places to
_____2________ more trees. This will reduce the air pollution in Cranford. It will also provide more spaces
____3____ animals and birds to live. This should bring more wildlife to our city.
We should put more trash ___4_____ on the streets and near the river. This will give people more places
to put their trash. They will stop throwing trash in the river or on the streets. This _____5_______ our
water pollution problem.
We should send people to schools to teach children how to recycle. They should also tell children how
important _____6_____ is. This will get more people to recycle in their homes and reduce land pollution in
our city.
1. A. environment. B. environmental. C. environmentally. D. environmentalist
2. A. get. B. plant. C. rise. D. grow
3. A. in. B. with. C. to. D. for
4. A. cans. B. bottles. C. jars. D. boxes
5. A. will reduce. B. reduce. C. reduces. D. reduced
6. A. to recycle. B. recycled. C. recycling. D. recycle

2. TRUE/ FALSE
When you limit your energy usage, you lower your impact on the environment. The longer we go
without making significant changes, the greater the threat of global warming and climate change
become to our daily lives.
When we burn fossil fuels, they create an incredible amount of greenhouse gas emissions. These
gasses, which include carbon dioxide, add up faster than the atmosphere can absorb them, which
prevents Earth from being able to maintain a stable temperature properly.
The planet’s rising temperatures are what we refer to as global warming. We classify the side effects of
warming as climate change. We observe these side effects through events such as changes in sea level,
cold snaps, droughts, hurricanes, melting glaciers, and wildfires. Fortunately, we can reduce
greenhouse gas emissions by reducing our use of energy. Answer

Task A Write True/ False

17. You can help to save the environment by using less energy.
18. Burning fossil fuels is one of the reasons of greenhouse gas emissions.
19. Temperatures rising do not affect the Earth.
20. greenhouse gas emissions can’t be reduced.

Task B Choose the best answer

21.What is the passage mainly about? - It’s about _______________.
A. Using less energy to help the Earth. B. lacking of energy.
C. studying about energy. D. reduce greenhouse gas emissions
22. How can we reduce the greenhouse gas emissions? We should _______.
A. reduce our use of energy. B. lower your impact on the environment.
C. use more gases. D. classify the side effects of warming

14
Pollution is the degradation of natural environment. The sources of pollution are numerous. They can
come from natural disasters or the result of human activities, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear
accidents. These can have terrible consequences on people and the planet where they live: destruction
of the biodiversity, increased mortality of the human and animal species, destruction of natural habitat,
damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air. We should prevent future pollution sources in
order to protect the environment and public health. Any environmental damage must be punishable by
law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment.

Task A: Write True/ False

19. Pollution is always caused by humans.
20. Environmental pollution greatly affects people as well as organisms on the earth.
21. Those who pollute the environment must be punished.
22. It’s too late and impossible to stop the pollution now.
Task B: Choose the best answer:
23. What is the paragraph mainly about?
A. The destruction of the biodiversity. B. The sources of pollution.
C. The environmental protection. D. Pollution’s negative effects
24. The word numerous in line 1 refers to a __________ number.
A. small. B. large. C. low. D. limited

IV. Word Form

1. Some _____________ predicted we would run out of certain raw materials. (environment)
2. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an example of an air _____________. (pollute)
3. We are disappointed that we made an _________ attempt to win the match. (effect)
4. They suggest using ____________ safe products? (environment)
5. In order to keep the environment______, we shouldn’t drop litter in public places. (pollute)
6. Face masks can offer some degree of ________ against coronavirus disease. (protect)
7. If we use too much pesticide on vegetables, they will become ____________. (poison)
8. The doctors say he is now out of ______________. (dangerous)
9. A good student must know how to study _______________. (effect)
10. Unlucky, the children got lost in the _______________. (forestry)
11. We should put _______________ bins in our school yards. (recycle)
12. Many companies have announced dramatic __________ in staff. (reduce)
13. She was _____________ affected by the events in her childhood. (bad)
14. Some of these chemicals are very ____________ to the environment. (damage)
15. The government is responsible for the ___________ of health care. (provide)
16. To save __________, we have to turn off all lights before leaving room. (electric)
17. It's _____________ the way you throw so much food away! (waste)
18. He gave up work because of ill ______________. (healthy)
19. The city needs to improve its public ________________. (transport)
20. The book is full of ________________ information. (use)

V. Rearrangement
1. there won’t / unless people / the water, / left in our rives./ stop /be any fish/ polluting
____________________________________________________________________________
2. can reduce land /plastic bottles/ so that/ reuse / we should/ and pollution./ we/
____________________________________________________________________________
3. to recycle /this will get / and reduce / in our city./ in their homes/ land pollution/ more people
____________________________________________________________________________

15
4. the environment /where they live?/ to improve/ do/ people/ what can/
____________________________________________________________________________
5. visitors / we should /to remind /not / the beach./ put up signs/ to leave trash/on/
____________________________________________________________________________
6. like lights /you should / things / and / when we aren’t / air conditioners off/ turn/ using them./
____________________________________________________________________________
7. not have enough /and in the future, /often/ power plants / of pollution,/ we might/ cause lots/ clean
water./
____________________________________________________________________________
8. clean up/ reduce/ we will / lots of trash./ once/ if we / our rivers / a week,/
____________________________________________________________________________
9. badly/ cutting / trees / affects /the air / down/ we breathe./
___________________________________________________________________________
10. nearly seven / die/ people / each year /because of / lung diseases./ million/ heart and/
____________________________________________________________________________

VI. Transformation
1. Stop polluting the air or the environment will be affected seriously.
→ If we ________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Stop damaging birds’ homes or there will be fewer birds left.
→ If we ________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Don’t pollute the water any more or there will be more diseases in people and animals.
→ If we ________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Keep polluting the land and the soil will not be safe enough for us to grow food in.
→ If we ________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Use public transportation when we need and there will be less air pollution.
→ If we ________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Planting more trees along the street will provide us with more shade.
→ If we ________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Nothing is done to lower pollution and what will happen to the earth?
→ If we ________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Littering too much trash on beaches makes no one want to visit them.
→ If everyone ________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Littering and picking flowers at the tourist attractions make them spoiled.
→ If people ___________________________________________________________________________________________
10. If we don’t breathe polluted air, we won’t have respiratory diseases.
→ Unless ______________________________________________________________________________________________
11. If we don’t stop burning trash, the air will be badly polluted.
→ Unless ______________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Daniel signs up for a clean-up campaign because he wants to join it. (SO THAT)
→ Daniel signs up ____________________________________________________________________________________
13. People in my neighborhood clean the park up because they want their children to have a nice place
to play. (SO THAT)
→ People in my neighborhood ______________________________________________________________________
14. Almost all students in my school plant trees because they hope to have much fresher air. (SO THAT)
→ Almost all students _______________________________________________________________________________
15. want to reduce air pollution; we should use public transport. (SO THAT)
→ We should use _____________________________________________________________________________________
16. We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people. (SO THAT)
→ We learn ___________________________________________________________________________________________
17. Remember to turn off the air conditioner when not in use to save energy.

16
→ You should _________________________________________________________________________________________
18. Don’t throw empty boxes away, we can reuse them.
→ I think we should__________________________________________________________________________________
19. Only turn the air conditioner on when the room is too hot.
→ I think you should _________________________________________________________________________________
20. Don’t waste energy because it is bad for the environment.
→ We should _________________________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 3 | PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

I/ PRONUNCIATION
A. Choose the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each
of the following questions.
1. A. pollution B. transport C. waste D. plastic
2. A. plant B. water C. section D. forest
B. Choose the word that differs from the other three in the position of the main stress in each of
the following questions.
3. A. affect B. pollute C. disease D. damage
4. A. recycle B. reduce C. organize D. important
II/ VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following questions.
5. A lot of people _____ trash into rivers and make the water polluted.
A. throw B. pass C. shoot D. kick
6. Green forests provide more spaces __________ animals and birds.
A. with B. for C. into D. onto
7. Turning off the air conditioner ten minutes before leaving saves a lot of ________.
A. plastic B. air C. water D. electricity
8. Governments should prevent people _________ cutting down trees in the forests.
A. with B. into C. from D. on
9. People shouldn’t use plastic bags _________ they can reduce land pollution.
A. but B. that C. so that D. although
10. She won't pass the exam if she ______ hard.
A. doesn't study B. studies C. will study D. won't study
11. Barry loves running, _____ he is also a member of our school's running club.
A. or B. but C. if D. and
12. We should always remember 3 Rs to protect the environment, “Reduce, Reuse _______ Recycle”.
A. if B. and C. or D. but
III/ ERROR CORRECTION
Find the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
13. If you don't pay attention, you will understand the lesson.
A B C D
14. It is too hot today - please turn on the air condition.
A B C D
15. Governments worldwide are working together to protect the environment for pollution.
A B C D
16. My uncle is one of the best environmentalist in my country.
A B C D
IV/ WORD FORM
Write the correct form of the given words.
17. Those products are not ______________ (RECYCLE), so don’t put them in the recycling bin.
18. Vung Tau City welcomes thousands of ___________ (TOURISM) every holiday season.
17
19. People are using more and more ________________-friendly (ENVIRONMENT) products.
20. Fish and plants cannot grow well in this area because factories release toxic ______________
(POLLUTION) into the air and water.

VI/ WRITING
A. Put the words in the correct order to make correct sentences.
26. to use / My family / our bicycles / is trying / more often / .
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
27. Students / bring / water bottles / have to / to school / their own / .
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
28. conserve the environment / save money and / Using less energy / helps us.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning. Use the given word(s) if
any.
29. To have a healthy lifestyle, we should exercise a lot. (THAT)
We should ________________________________________________________________________________________
30. Exercise regularly and you will be fit and healthy. (IF)
You will ___________________________________________________________________________________________

BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO

EXERCISE 1 Complete the sentences using the given words.
affects burned caused coughed damage disease environment
harm health heart issue lung pollution prevent recycle

1. Vaccination will_____________ the spread of the disease

2. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging effect on the ______________
3. Shall I just throw this bottle away, or do you ______________?
4. It's a disease that ______________ mainly older people.
5. Modernizing historic buildings can often do more ______________ than good.
6. The difficult driving conditions ______________ several accidents.
7. We met on several occasions to discuss the ______________.
8. Regular exercise is good for your ______________.
9. Unable to escape, six people were ______________seriously in the building.
10. He ______________ loudly to warn them he was coming.
11. Smoking is likely to ______________ your health permanently.
12. There's a high correlation between smoking and ______________ cancer.
13. The first symptom of the ______________ is a very high temperature.
14. Air ______________ refers to the release of pollutants into the air
15. Thank you so much from the bottom of my ______________.
14. Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air
15. Thank you so much from the bottom of my heart.

EXERCISE 2 Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in
capitals
1. The river in Caracas is heavily___________ . POLLUTE
2. Some models are___________ thin. HEALTH
3. ___________ is better than cure, so start taking care of yourself. PREVENT

18
4. The programme is aimed at helping cities pursue___________ friendly development.
ENVIRONMENT
5. I got a___________ on the skirt because there was a button missing. REDUCE
6. Buy three and make a ___________ of 5 dollars. SAVE
7. The low bridge is designed to allow floodwaters to flow ___________ over. HARM
8. You’ll need a qualified ___________ to rewire your house. ELECTRIC
9. It is a tiny spider with a ___________ bite. POISON
10. Wear clothes that provide adequate ___________ against the wind and rain. PROTECT
11. The whole process is ___________ and inefficient. WASTE
12. The area is heavily dependent on ___________ industry. TOUR
13. Although it doesn't look like it, the whole thing is highly ___________. ORGANIZATION
14. The kidney plays a vital role in the ___________ of waste products from the blood. REMOVE
15. Chris has an evening job as an office ___________ . CLEAN

EXERCISE 3 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Cutting down trees badly ____ the air we breathe.
A.affects B. effects C.pollutes D. causes
2. The effects of ____pollution are very hazardous and can lead to the loss of ecosystems.
A. landing B. land C. fatherland D. homeland
3. Nearly seven ____ people die every year because of air pollution.
A. millions B. million C. billion D. billions
4. If you keep _____ the land, the soil wasn’t be safe to grow food in.
A. pollution B. polluted C. polluting D. pollutant
5. Food can cause ____ problems if people grow it on polluted land..
A. healthily B. healthy C. health D. survival
6. Amy thinks they should______ trash.
A. damage B. recycle C. pollute D. reuse
7. We should save electricity, ____ we shouldn’t waste water
A. so B. however C. But D. and
8. What should we do to _____ land pollution?
A. collect B. reduce C. repair D. affect
9. Using less plastic will keep the parks____
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaning D. to clean
10. What ____ problems can you see?
A environmentally B. environmentalist
C.environment D. environmental
11. I don't want to _______ any more time so let's start.
A. complete B. waste C. travel D.reduce
12. Will new parks bring more birds ______ the city.
A. up B. in C. to D. with
13. There is so much trash______ the ground.
A. on B. at C.in D. Over
14. It was raining heavily, ____ my brother still went to the beach.
A. so that B. and C. but D. so
15. My cousin enjoys_____ plastic bags.
A.to recycle B. recycles C. recycling D.recycle

19
EXERCISE 4 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s)in each of the following questions.
1. Bangkok is the biggest city in Thailand.
A. largest B. tallest C. smallest D. cheapest
2. Why do you dislike her so much?
A. hate B.enjoy C. delete D. miss
3. The disease mainly occurs in women over 40.
A. strength B. sickness C. ability D. happiness
4. What will happen if people keep burning trash?
A. disappear B. lose C. occur D. grow
5. Fruit and vegetables can even be dangerous to eat if they grow on polluted land.
A. purified B. contaminated C. complex D. Clean

EXERCISE 5 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to

the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. If we don’t stop polluting the air, we will damage the environment
A. do no harm to B. pollute C. destroy D. enrich
2. Regular exercise can help reduce stress.
A. increase B. decrease C. cut down D. Shorten
3. You should waste your money on things you don't need.
A. misuse B. collect C. reuse D. lose
4. My parents always encourage me to try new things.
A. reassure B. strenthen C. drop D. discourage
5. It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
A. conserve B. preserve C. ignore D. secure

EXERCISE 6 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following
exchanges.
1. - What an attractive hair style you have got,
Mary! → “___________.”
A. Thank you very much. I am afraid B. You are telling a lie
C. Thank you for your compliment D. I don't like your sayings
2. - You look great in this new dress.
→ “___________”.
A. With pleasure B. Not at all
C. I am glad you like it D. Do not say anything about it
3. - How well you are playing!
→ “___________”.
A. Say it again. I like to hear your words B. I think so. I am proud of myself
C. Thank you too much D. Many thanks. That is a nice compliment
4. - Thanks for the nice gift you brought to us!
→ “___________”.
A. Actually speaking, I myself don’t like it. B. Welcome! It’s very nice of you.
C. All right. Do you know how much it cost? D. Not at all. Don’t mention it.
5. - How much was your new shirt?
→ “___________”.

20
 A. It’s a red shirt B. It’s very cheap C. It was in a shop D. I love it much
6. - I’m very sorry.
→ “___________”.
A. I’m afraid so B. I think so C. That’s all right D. I don’t want

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

EXERCISE 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer.
1. If it_____ convenient, let's go out for a drink tonight.
a. be b. is c. was d. were
2. If you_____ time, please write to me.
a. have b. had c. have had d. are
3. If I_____ get a pole, I'll go fishing.
a. can b. could c. may d. might
4. We'll get wet if we_____ out
a. go b. went c. did go d. had gone
5. If I go shopping, I _____ some food for you.
a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have bought
6. If they_____ soon, I'm not going to wait.
a. hadn't come b. won't come c. don't come d. didn't come
7. If I find it, I _____ you.
a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told
8. The bus won't stop ______ you ring the bell.
a. when b. if c. it not d. unless
9. Come and work for my company if you _____ better to do
a. have nothing b. will have nothing c. had something d. had nothing
10. If it______ tomorrow, we may postpone going.
a. rains b. will rain c. shall rain d. raining
11. If I_____ at my teacher’s house at 60 Thai Nguyen Street, Nha Trang city, I'll let you know.
a. am staying b. will stay c. stay d. would stay
12. Get me a glass of lemonade, if you _____ to the kitchen.
a. go b. will go c. going d. went
13. If the chair_____, Mr. Dow can fix it for us.
a. breaking b. is breaking c. break d. breaks

14. If we buy a small car, we _____ as much room.

a. won't have b. had done c. hadn't d. didn’t have
15. If you _____ your belongings there, someone might steal it.
a. left b. are left c. to leave d. leave
16. You can camp here provided you _____ no mess.
a. leave b. leaf c. had left d. don’t leave
17. We must be early or else we_____ a seat.
a. get b. will get c. won't get d. wouldn't get
18. If he _____ to me, I can't help him.
a. won't listen b. refuses to listen c. didn't listen d. listen

21
EXERCISE 2. Matching the first halves in column A with the others in column B to make
conditional sentences.
A B
1. If Khanh Chi has free time, A. if I am still sick.
2. If the students feel interested, B. I will study in Canada
3. My parents will buy me a new guitar C. you will practise speaking skill every
day
4. If it rains heavily D. they will go to the cinema
5. I won’t go to school E. if I can pass the entrance exam to high
school
6. If I get a full scholarship, F. she will learn English with me
7. If you join this English club G. the football match will be cancelled
8. My father will be very happy H. if I help them clean the kitchen.

EXERCISE 3. Give the correct forms of the verbs using the conditional TYPE 1.
1. I will leave for Quy Nhon City tomorrow if the weather ___________ (be) fine.
2. What will you do if you___________ (not / go) away for the weekend ?
3. The game ___________ (start) if you put a coin in the slot.
4. If you___________ (be) scared of spiders, don’t go into the garden.
5. We’ll have to go without John if he (not arrive) ___________ soon.
6. Please don’t disturb him if he___________ (be) busy.
7. If she ___________ (accept) your card and roses, things will be very much hopeful.
8. If a holiday___________ (fall) on a weekend, go to the beach.

9. If she (come) ___________ late again, she’ll lose her job.

10. If he (wash) ___________ my car, I’ll give him $20.
11. He’ll be late for the train if he (not start) ___________ at once.
12. If I lend you $100, when you (repay) ___________ me?
13. Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) ___________ to do any work.
14. If we leave the car here, it (not be) ___________ in anybody’s way.
15. Someone (steal) ___________ your car if you leave it unlocked.
16. Unless he (sell) ___________ more, he won’t get much commission.
17. If you come late, they (not let) ___________ you in.
18. If you (not go) ___________ away I’ll send for the police.
19. If he ___________ (eat) all that, he will be ill.
20. What ___________ (happen) if my parachute does not open?
21. If you (send) ___________ this letter now, she (receive) ___________ it tomorrow.
22. If I (do) ___________ this test, I (improve) ___________ my English.
23. If I (find) ___________ your ring, I (give) ___________ it back to you.
24. My little daughter, Khanh Chi, (go) ___________ shopping if she (have) ___________ time in the
afternoon.
25. Simon (go) ___________ to London next week if he (get) ___________ a cheap flight.
26. If her boyfriend (not/phone) ___________ today, she (leave) ___________ him.
27. If they (not/study/) . ___________ harder, they (not/pass) ___________ the exam.
28. If it (rain) ___________ tomorrow, I (not/have to) ___________ water the plants.
29. You (not/be able) ___________ to sleep if you (watch) ___________ this scary film.
30. Susan (can/not/move) ___________ into the new house if it (not/be) ___________ ready on time.
22
EXERCISE 4. Give the correct forms of the verbs using the conditional TYPE 1.
1. If you______(eat) an ice-cream, I______(have) a hot chocolate.
2. If she______(need) a computer, her brother______(give) her his computer.
3. If we______(not have) time this afternoon, we______(meet) tomorrow.
4. He______(talk) to her if you______(not want) to do it.
5. You______(not win) the game if you______(not know) the rules.
6. If you______(wash) the dishes, I______(cook) dinner tonight.
7. If my dad______(have) time next week, we______(paint) my room.
8. You______(learn) a lot about American history if you______(visit) the exhibition this afternoon.
9. If the weather______(not be) too bad tomorrow, we______(play) golf.
10. We______(not get) there on time if we______(catch) the bus.
11. If you______(pour) oil into water, it______(float) on the surface of the water.
12. You______(have) any problems,______(call) me immediately.
13. If you______(not like),______(let) him know your feelings.
14. If you______(heat) ice, it______(turn) to water.
15. Unless she______(water) these trees, they______(die).
EXERCISE 5. Fill in the blanks with “if’ or “unless”.
1. ___________ it’s raining heavily, we won’t go for a walk
2. ___________ he tries hard, he won’t pass the examination.
3. I will try good seafood ___________ I have an opportunity to travel to Tuy Hoa City.
4. ___________ I finish the work in time, I will go to the zoo with my cousin.
5. ___________ you see Mary today, please ask her to call me.
6. I will cook some pasta for my ___________ children they are hungry.
7. ___________ Jane gets to Hongkong, she will eat dim sum.
8. ___________ you can eat chillies, you won’t like Thai cuisine.
9. ___________ you have free time this weekend, I will show you around my hometown
10. You will put on weight ___________ you do morning exercises.

EXERCISE 6. Use the suggested words to make meaningful sentences

1. she/ pass / Linda / If / the exam / will / studies / harder.
______________________________________________________________
2. will / you / If / come / the party / to / play / we / together.
______________________________________________________________
3. the bus / If / catch / late / won’t / at / school / be / we / on time.
______________________________________________________________
4. If / rains / tomorrow / it / picnic / have / won’t / we / a.
______________________________________________________________
5 . the movie / the tickets / If / buy, / we / can / watch.
______________________________________________________________
6. the cake / finish, / we / can / eat / If / dinner / early, / for dessert.
______________________________________________________________
7. the train / catch, / If / we / won’t / be / on time / for the meeting.
______________________________________________________________
8. the party / bring / If / snacks, / everyone / will / enjoy / the.
______________________________________________________________
9. the invitation / receive, / If / we / attend / the event.
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 ______________________________________________________________
10. Hung / helps / If / Lan, / she / be / grateful.
______________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 7 Rewrite the following sentences, putting SHOULD at the beginning of each
sentence.
1. If you finish your chores, you can go out to play.
______________________________________________________________
2. If Hung studies hard, he will pass the exam.
______________________________________________________________
3. If it doesn’t rain, Le will have a picnic in the park.
______________________________________________________________
4. If they come to the party, we will have a great time.
______________________________________________________________
5. If Linh doesn’t eat your vegetables, she won’t get dessert.
______________________________________________________________
6. If she doesn’t finish her homework, she won’t be allowed to play outside.
______________________________________________________________
7. If they don’t clean their room, they won’t be able to watch TV.
______________________________________________________________
8. If he doesn’t help with the chores, he won’t get pocket money.
______________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 8 Rewrite the following sentences

1. If you don’t study harder, you ‘ll fail the next exam.
Unless______________________________________________________________

2. If he doesn’t practice writing every day, he can’t improve his writing skill.
Unless ______________________________________________________________
3. Unless this man is a driver, he can’t help you move by car.
If __________________________________________________________________
4. Unless you go out more often, you might fall ill.
If __________________________________________________________________
5. If you don’t return this book to the library today, you’ll have to pay a fine.
Unless ______________________________________________________________
6. Unless he cleaned up the car now, his boss could ask him to do this.
If __________________________________________________________________
7. Unless they were absent now, they would meet the headmaster.
If___________________________________________________________________
8. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.
If ______________________________________________________________
9. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.
If ______________________________________________________________
10. If Peter doesn’t study hard, he will not get good marks.
Unless ______________________________________________________________

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 BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the gap with the words given
although because if by as soon as unless
1. I’m going to the bank _______ I need some money.
2. I cook lunch in the kitchen _________ I got home.
3. ________ it’s raining, she’s going for a walk in the park.
4. ________ she finishes her homework soon, she will fail the class.
5. Some students claims that there will be trouble _____ they don’t complete their homework.
6. She will finish the report ____ the time she meets me.

EXERCISE 2 Choose the correct answer.

1. The sky was gray and cloudy. ________, we went to the beach.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. In spite of
2. I turned on the fan __________ the room was hot.
A. due to B. despite C. even though D. because
3. Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight ________ we can find a baby-sitter.
A. although B. unless C. otherwise D. only if
4. Carol showed up for the meeting ________ I asked her not to be there.
A. even though B. despite C. provided that D. because
5. You must lend me the money for the trip. ________, I won’t be able to go.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Although
6. The windows were all left open. _____, the room was a real mess after the windstorm.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
7. ________ Beth has a new car, she no longer takes the commuter train to work. She drives to
work every day.
A. Now that B. While C. Although D. In case
8. I think I did okay in my speech last night _____ I’d had almost no sleep for 24 hours.
A. even B. in spite of C. unless D. despite the fact that
9. I asked Angela to run the office while I’m gone _______ I know I can depend on her.
A. unless B. since C. although D. therefore
10. ________ I heard the telephone ring, I didn’t answer it.
A. Because B. Only if C. Even though D. Provided that
11. ________ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous baler company.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
12. Alex cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He will never advance in his
job ________ he improves his language skills.
A. otherwise B. if C. only if D. unless
13. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen. ________ it will stop burning.
A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
14. Some fish can survive only in salt water, ________ other species can live only in fresh water.
A. whereas B. unless C. if D. since
15. We’re going to lose this game ________ the team doesn’t start playing better soon.
A. if B. unless C. although D. whereas
16. Jack insisted that he didn’t need any help, ________ I helped him anyway.
A. and B. so C. besides D. but

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EXERCISE 3 Combine the following sentences using the word in brackets
1. Nana is a vegetarian. She doesn’t eat meat. (so)
_______________________________________________________________________
2. My car is broken. I don’t have enough money to buy a new one. (but)
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Ogami passed her final test with a high score. Her parents took her to Hawaii as a gift.
(therefore)
_______________________________________________________________________
4. I prefer cats. They are clean and quiet. (for)
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Tommy hates studying. He goes to school everyday. (yet)
_______________________________________________________________________
6. I feel tired. I need to finish my work. (however)
_______________________________________________________________________
7. The sky is clear. I can see many stars. (and)
_______________________________________________________________________
8. She doesn’t like vegetables. She doesn’t eat fruit. (nor)
_______________________________________________________________________
9. Paul has a three – week holiday. He has enough money to travel. (moreover)
_______________________________________________________________________
10. We are out of food. We should go to the supermarket and buy some things. (so)
_______________________________________________________________________

READING COMPREHENSION
EXERCISE 1. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space
in the following passage.
Many environmental experts are pessimistic about the future of our _____(1)____. They say that
the next few years _____(2)____ chemicals will further damage the_____(3)____layer., there will be
more losses of irreplaceable tropical rainforests, and serious air pollution will cause the
_____(4)____ itself to change. They also warn us that the developing countries will continue to
suffer ecological disasters, while the _____(5)____countries consume the vast _____(6)____ of the
world’s fuels. Animals are also at_____(7)____.It’s fear that some endangered species may soon
die out, as their natural_____(8)____are destroyed.

1. A. country B. planet C. society D. life

2. A. harmful B. harmless C.harmfully D. harmlessly
3. A. oxygen B. dioxide C. carbon D. ozone
4. A. weather B, climate C. temperature D. earth
5. A. poor B. developing C. European D. rich
6. A. minority B. minor C. majority D. major
7. A. risk B. danger C. accidents D. unfortunate
8. A. environment B. habitats C. resources D. disasters
EXERCISE 2. Read the passage below and decide whether the statements are TRUE FALSE
or NOT GIVEN

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Light pollution is the excessive, misdirected or invasive use of artificial outdoor lighting.
Mismanaged lighting affects the environment, energy resources, wildlife, humans and
astronomy research.
Light pollution is not a new phenomenon. Over the last 50 years, as countries became affluent
and urbanized, demand for outdoor lighting increased and light pollution sprawled beyond the
city limits and into suburban and rural areas. This form pollution is now prevalent in Asia,
Europe, and North America, particularly in cities like Los Angeles, New York and Washington
D.C. In 2008, National Geographic magazine named Chicago the most light-polluted city in the
United States.
However, the most light-polluted spot in the world is Hong Kong, China. In March 2013, the
University of Hong Kong named the city the most light polluted in the world. A study by the
university found the night sky in Tsim Sha Tsui, an urban neighborhood in southern Kowloon,
Hong Kong, to be 1,200 times brighter than a normal urban city sky. Luminous pollution of this
magnitude is on the rise worldwide. In a 2010 article from the Ecology and Society Journal,
Hölker and others stated the use of artificial lighting increases by 20% each year, depending on
the region, and noted there is an urgent need for light pollution policies that surpass energy
efficiency to include humans, animals and the environment.
1. Light pollution is not a new phenomenon because people complained about it few
decades ago.
2. Light pollution is the excessive, misdirected or invasive use of artificial outdoor lighting.
3. Light pollution sprawled beyond the city limits and into suburban and rural areas.”.
4. Chicago is the most light-polluted city in the world.
5. Light pollution is more serious than air pollution.
6. A city in Hong Kong is more than two hundred times brighter than a normal one.
7. Luminous pollution of this magnitude is on the rise worldwide.
8. People should turn off the lights to reduce light pollution and save electricity.
EXERCISE 3 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions
There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One main cause of this issue is waste
water coming from many factories and then being directly pulled out into water bodies,
especially into rivers or seas without any treatment because this is the most convenient way of
disposing waste water. Industrial waste consists of some kinds of chemical substances such as
sulphur, which is harmful for marine life. Lead is known as the main reason for cancer disease.
Cancer has become a popular disease in several communes which are called “cancer villages”.
Another cause is the awareness of citizens, people always use water for many purposes and
then they dump waste water or garbage directly into rivers, canals and ponds and so on. In
2004, because of a bird flu outbreak in Viet Nam, people threw poultry to water body that
made water highly polluted.
1. How many causes of water pollutions are listed in the passage?
A. one B. two C. three D. four
2. The word treatment in the passage is closest in meaning to______ .
A. management B. harm C.hurt D. injury
3. What is the main reason for cancer disease?
A. rice B. rain C. lead D. food
4. What is cancer called when it has become a popular disease in several communes?
A. cancer grounds B. cancer offices C. cancer pollutions D. cancer villages
5. What did Vietnamese do in 2004?

27
A. They bought dead poultry. B. They ate dead poultry.
C. They threw dead poultry into water. D. They dig dead poultry under ground
6. The word cancer villages in the passage refers to ____.
A. purposes B. substances C. communes D. citizens
EXERCISE 4 Read the passage. Circle the best answer A, B or C to fill in the blank.
Have a walk (1)_______ a beach, listen to the sound of the sea waves, and suddenly you see
a lot of rubbish on the beach. Pollution takes away all the (2) _______ of out beaches. I feel really
very annoyed (3) _______ I see plastic lying on the sand, cigarette ends buried in the sand, and
soda cans floating in the sea.
There are a lot of things that we can do if we see rubbish, we should do our part in the
protecting the land by picking it up and throwing it in dust bins. (4) _______, we can form some
kind of organization that helps clean up the beaches. If everyone does their part, the beach
will be a wonderful and beautiful place. We need to start now (5) _______ the beaches are
damaged beyond repair.
1. A. at B. in C. on D. over
2. A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. being beautiful
3. A. before B. after C. When D. While
4. A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. However D. Moreover
5. A. before B. after C. until D. when

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