Compiled by Tran Truong Thanh – Zalo 0369904425

UNIT 10: THE ECOSYSTEM

PART I. VOCABULARY
New words (Từ mới)
Words Type Pronunciation Meaning
1. insect n /ˈɪnsekt/ côn trùng
2. butterfly n /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ con bướm
3. ecosystem n /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ hệ sinh thái
4. flora n /ˈflɔːrə/ thực vật
5. fauna n /ˈfɔːnə/ động vật
6. essential adj /ɪˈsenʃl/ cần thiết, quan trọng
7. survival adj /səˈvaɪvl/ sự sống sót, tồn tại
8. raw adj /rɔː/ thô
9. destroy v /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ phá huỷ
10. damage v /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ gây thiệt hại
11. overuse n /ˌəʊvəˈjuːs/ sử dụng quá mức
12. natural resources n.p /ˈnætʃrəl rɪˈsɔːs/ tài nguyên thiên nhiên
13. restore v /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ lưu trữ
14. biodiversity n /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ đa dạng sinh học
15. native adj /ˈneɪtɪv/ bản địa
16. tropical forest n.p /ˈtrɒpɪkl fɒrɪst/ rừng nhiệt đới
17. species n /ˈspiːʃiːz/ loài
18. conservation n /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ sự bảo tồn
19. mammal n /ˈmæml/ động vật có vú
20. living things n.p /ˈlɪvɪŋ θɪŋz/ các sinh vật sống
21. nature reserve n.p /ˈneɪtʃə rɪzɜːv/ khu bảo tồn tự nhiên
22. endangered adj /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng
23. rare adj /reə(r)/ hiếm
24. rich adj /rɪtʃ/ phong phú, trù phú
25. mangrove n /ˈmæŋɡrəʊv/ cây đước
26. habitat n /ˈhæbɪtæt/ môi trường sống
27. pangolin n /ˈpæŋɡəlɪn/ con tê tê
28. wildlife n /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ động vật hoang dã
29. mass tourism n.p /ˈmæs ˈtʊərɪzəm/ du lịch hàng loạt
30. coral reef n /ˈkɒrəl riːf/ rặng san hô
31. food chain n /ˈfuːd tʃeɪn/ chuỗi thức ăn
32. diversity n /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ sự đa dạng
33. marine adj /məˈriːn/ thuộc biển, dưới nước
34. green adj /ɡriːn/ (lối sống) xanh

Bài tập Tiếng Anh 11 (Global Success) 1

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35. delta n /ˈdeltə/ đồng bằng

STRUCTURES
1. be home to là nhà, nơi ở của thứ gì
2. run out hết, cạn kiệt

PART II. GRAMMAR

1. Compound noun
- Danh từ ghép (compound noun) được cấu thành từ việc ghép các từ lại với nhau. Đa phần danh từ kép tạo nên khi
một danh từ hay tính từ kết hợp với một danh từ khác.
- Mỗi danh từ ghép đóng vai trò như một đơn vị độc lập.
- Có 3 dạng danh từ ghép:
MỞ DẤU - ĐÓNG
Sử dụng khoảng trống Sử dụng dấu gạch ngang Không dùng khoảng trống/ dấu -
 primary school  brother-in-law (anh rể)  bathroom
Ex: Green (màu xanh) và house (nhà) đều có nghĩa riêng nhưng khi ghép lại greenhouse (hiện tượng
nóng lên toàn cầu).
a. Các loại từ ghép trong tiếng Anh
Cách kết hợp Ví dụ
1. N + N - bathroom (phòng tắm)
- fruit juice (nước trái cây)
2. N + giới từ/ Adv - passer-by (khách qua đường)
3. N + V - haircut (cắt tóc)
- sunrise (mặt trời mọc)
-snowfall(tuyết rơi)
4. Adj + N - primary school (trường tiểu học)
- full moon (trăng rằm)
- greenhouse (nhà kính)
- software (phần mềm)
-blackdress(váy đen)
5. Adj + V - well-trained (đào tạo tốt)
6. Giới từ/ Adv + N - underground (tàu điện ngầm)
7. V + N - swimming pool (hồ bơi)
- washing machine (máy giặt)
- driving license (bằng lái xe)
8. V + giới từ/ Adv - check out (làm các thủ tục rời khách sạn)
- check-up (kiểm tra sức khỏe)
9. Từ + giới từ + Từ - brother-in-law (anh rể)
b. Trật tự Adj trong N ghép
Quy tắc OpSACOMP được sử dụng đối với danh từ ghép.
 Opinion: tính từ chỉ quan điểm, sự đánh giá. Ex: wonderful, lovely.
 Size/Shape: tính từ chỉ kích cỡ.Ex: big, small, long.
 Age: tính từ chỉ độ tuổi. Ex: old, young, old.
 Color: tính từ chỉ màu sắc. Ex: green, blue, orange.

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 Origin: tính từ chỉ nguồn gốc, xuất xứ. Ex: Vietnamese, American, Korean
 Material: tính từ chỉ chất liệu . Ex: leather, steel, silk…
 Purpose: tính từ chỉ mục đích, tác dụng.
c. Một số từ ghép tiếng Anh thông dụng
STT Danh từ ghép Ý nghĩa
1 advertising company công ty quảng cáo
2 anymore nữa
3 application form mẫu đơn xin việc
4 assembly line dây chuyền lắp ráp
5 bathroom phòng tắm
6 bedroom phòng ngủ
7 birthday sinh nhật
8 blackbird chim sáo
9 breakdown sự suy sụp
10 bus driver tài xế xe bus
11 chopstick đũa
12 classmate bạn cùng lớp
13 coal-mining việc khai thác mỏ than
14 company policy chính sách công ty
15 consumer loan khoản vay khách hàng
16 cupboard kệ, trạm
17 dress-code regulation nội quy ăn mặc
18 driving license giấy phép lái xe
19 evaluation form mẫu đánh giá
20 face value mệnh giá
21 firefly đom đóm
22 friendship tình bạn
23 gender discrimination phân biệt giới tính
24 gentleman người đàn ông lịch thiệp
25 grandmother bà
26 green house ngôi nhà xanh
27 greenhouse nhà kính
28 hanger-on kẻ ăn bám
29 high school trường THPT
30 homesick nỗi nhớ nhà
31 housewife nội trợ
32 information desk bàn thông tin
33 living room phòng khách
34 looker-on người xem
35 lorry driving việc lái xe tải
36 mother-in-law mẹ chồng, mẹ vợ
37 newly-born sơ sinh
38 newspaper báo
39 nobody không ai cả

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40 outbreak sự bùng nổ
41 outside bên ngoài
42 passer-by người qua đường
43 pickpocket tên móc túi
44 postman người đưa thư
45 riverbank bờ sông
46 sand castle lâu đài cát
47 secretary-general tổng bí thư, tổng thư kí
48 shoelace dây giày
49 software phần mềm
50 step ladder cái thang
51 sunrise bình minh
52 sunset hoàng hôn
53 sweetheart người yêu
54 washing-machine máy giặt
55 weight-lifting việc cử tạ
56 whitewash nước vôi
d. Dạng số nhiều của danh từ ghép
Thông thường, bạn chỉ cần thêm “s/es” vào sau danh từ của danh từ ghép.
Số ít Số nhiều
a tennis shoe three tennis shoes
one assistant headmaster five assistant headmasters
the sergeant major some sergeants major
a mother-in-law two mothers-in-law
an assistant secretary of state six assistant secretaries of state
my toothbrush our toothbrushes
a woman-doctor five women-doctors
a doctor of philosophy three doctors of philosophy
a passerby, a passer-by four passersby, four passers-by
Notes:
Những danh từ ghép dạng Danh từ + danh từ, khi ở số nhiều danh từ đứng trước giữ vai trò tính từ nên
không thêm “S”.
Danh từ ghép dạng số
Dạng số nhiều đầy đủ nhiều (Danh từ + danh
từ)
10 trees with oranges 10 orange trees
100 cables for cellphones 100 cellphone cables
200 boxes for tools 200 tool boxes
50 stops for buses 50 bus stops
400 wheels for cars 400 car wheels

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A. PHONETIC
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. destroy B. delta C. endangered D. resource
2. A. mammal B. native C. national D. habitat
3. A. tropical B. coral C. conservation D. flora
4. A parents B. family C. attitude D. happen
5. A skill B. life C. mind D. identify
6. A. figure B. legend C. legal D. gravity
7. A. studied B. improved C. failed D. reached
8. A. laugh B. enough C. high D. cough
9. A. native B. habitat C. mammal D. natural
10. A. destroy B. resource C. delta D. endangered
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. ecosystem B. habitat C. pangolin D. scientist
2. A. resource B. species C. wildlife D. fauna
3. A. nature B. delta C. flora D. destroy
4. A. measure B. restore C. allow D. create
5. A. concentrate B. relation C. romantic D. engaging
6. A. apology B. relationship C. sympathetic D. initiate
7. A. engage B. confide C. accept D. offer
8. A. open B. involve C. listen D. common
9. A. organism B. preservation C. ecosystem D. naturalism
10. A. generation B. diversity C. environment D. community

B. VOCABULARIES AND GRAMMARS

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. It is important to encourage environmental _______ and awareness.
A. conservation B. community C. flora D. organism
2. The motivation for the control policy is to reduce the negative impacts of _______.
A. tropical forest B. planet C. climate change D. natural resource
3. Plants obviously do not have minds; nor do _______ things like tables and rocks.
A. insect B. bacteria C. survival D. non- living
4. Humans, dogs, elephants, and dolphins are all _______, but birds, fish, and crocodiles are not.
A. mammals B. wetland C. mangrove D. forest
5. Pollution can have disastrous effects on the delicately balanced _______.
A. scenery B. material C. non-living D. ecosystem
6. Many plant and animal _______ are found only in the rainforests.
A. waterway B. wetland C. species D. material
7. Tourism is damaging the _______ of the island.
A. pangolin B. flora and fauna C. biodiversity D. habitat
8. The country can undertake conservation measures to build up or maintain its _______.
A. biodiversity B. species C. delta D. shelter

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9. There are many examples of resource decline and low production, particularly in the humid _______
forest.
A. unemployment B. restoration C. forest D. disaster
10. All living _______ have to adapt to changes in environmental conditions.
A. pangolins B. species C. organisms D. deltas
11. The government has _______ measures to restore and protect the ecosystem.
A. given B. driven C. taken D. put
12. We can find a lot of flora and fauna _______ in Cuc Phuong National Park.
A. species B. kinds C. regions D. types
13. Many species are saved from disappearing by _______ efforts.
A. conserve B. conservative C. conservation D. conservationist
14. Reducing the use of fresh water can help to protect marine _______.
A. ecology B. ecosystems C. ecologists D. ecotourism
15. That humans overuse natural resources may _______ the loss of biodiversity.
A. invest in B. refer to C. depend on D. lead to
16. In an ecosystem, plants, animals and other living and non-living things form a _______.
A. community B. society C. village D. world
17. Flora refers _______ the plant life present in a particular region or ecosystem.
A. about B. of C. to D. for
18. We don't want our planet to _______ biodiversity, do we?
A. win B. lose C. keep D. remain
19. _______ is a land protected by the government because of its natural beauty or special history.
A. Destination B. Habitat C. Ecosystem D. National Park
20. _______ forest is a thick forest that grows in the hot parts of the world.
A. Tropical B. Warming C. Heating D. Native
21. Tigers are _______ because they give birth to live young, not eggs and feed their young on milk.
A. insects B. reptiles C. mammals D. carnivores
22. There are many factors that _______ to global warming.
A. leads B. refer C. mention D. contribute
23. This national park _______ a large area of freshwater wetlands.
A. covers B. accounts C. makes D. calculates
24. _______ to 226 species of plants, U Minh Thuong is the region with the richest biodiversity in
the Mekong River Delta.
A. House B. Place C. Home D. Site
25. The ideal time to _______ this place is from August to November, known as the floating water
season of the region.
A. exploration B. explore C. exploring D. explorers
26. Ecosystems _______ a lot of biodiversity are generally stronger and more resistant to disaster than those
with fewer species.
A. in B. for C. of D. with
27. The horse is not native _______ America- it was introduced by the Spanish.
A. for B. to C. at D. in
28. The region is rich _______ mineral and coal deposits.
A. in B. out C. with D. up

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29. Water is essential _______ living things.
A. of B. with C. for D. in
30. When the biodiversity of an ecosystem is interrupted or destroyed, the economic impact _______ the
local community could be enormous.
A. on B. out C. with D. up
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the adjectives given
rich raw tiny tropical non- living
colourful native natural essential national

1. Bone is actually made up of living tissue and _________________ matter.

2. If we continue to deplete the earth’s _________________ resources, we will cause serious damage to the
environment.
3. The problem needs to be addressed both at a(n) _________________ and international level.
4. The cost of our _________________ material has risen significantly.
5. The country has vast oil reserves and _________________ deposits of other minerals.
6. In cool climates you have to grow _________________ plants under glass.
7. Government support will be _________________ if the project is to succeed.
8. Henderson Island in the Pacific has more than 55 species of _________________ flowering plants.
9. During surgery, doctors sometimes use a laser beam to vaporize _________________ bloods vessels.
10. The garden was full of _________________ and fascinating flowers.
Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. It was once described as the most _________________ reef in the West Indies. (amaze)
2. Between 2009 and 2018, it was declared endangered because of pollution and the
(destroy)
_________________ of its ecosystems.
3. Healthy ecosystems are essential for human health and _________________ because they
(survive)
provide us with many things such as food, energy, clean water and air.
4. U Minh Thuong is considered one of the most important sites for the ecosystem
(conserve)
_________________ in the Mekong River Delta.
5. Ecosystem restoration can help end _________________ fight climate change and prevent
(poor)
loss of flora and fauna on every continent and in every ocean.
6. Some largest wildlife _________________ in Congo occupy more than one-third of the
(reserve)
north-east forest of the country.
7. We should find ways to use this abundant _________________ resource effectively and
(nature)
economically.
8. We need to limit the consumption of fossil fuels because the _________________ of the
(use)
materials will lead to damaging effects on the environment.
9. Effective environmental _________________ requires a reduction in fuel consumption. (protect)
10. Rising sea level is not one nation's problem but it creates a _________________ impact.
(globe)
Every country in the world will be effected.
Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. The building has many features that make it more eco-friendly as well as reducing heating costs.
A. environmentally friendly B. climate-friendly
C. supportive D. ecological

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2. There are more serious problems such as unemployment and poverty. They should be solved
immediately.
A. dangerous B. severe C. urgent D. important
3. The government is planning to restore some old buildings for tourist destinations.
A. revive B. resume C. restate D. repair
4. I'm not a big fan of films about wildlife animals. I love action films.
A. disappointed with B. excited about
C. crazy about D. bored with
5. Laws have been enacted to protect animals from cruelty and mistreatment.
A. harshness B. kindness C. hardship D. rudeness
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Many chemicals have a damaging effects on the environment.
A. harmful B. injurious C. difficult D. harmless
2. A good way to deal with a big problem is to break it down into a series of smaller ones.
A. remove B. group C. throw D. leave
3. We are running out of natural resources, so it's time to save them.
A. using up B. depending on C. investing in D. having a lot
4. An imbalanced ecosystem may cause a lack of food, water and fresh air.
A. polluted B. sweet C. clean D. spoiled
5. We may talk about a lot of benefits provided by a healthy ecosystem. One of them is that it provides us
with a lot of products.
A. advantages B. harms C. disadvantages D. damages
Exercise 6: Match 1- 10 with a – j to make compound nouns.

1. solar _________________ A. species

2. GM (genetically modified) _________________ B. rain

3. carbon _________________ C. effect

4. global _________________ D. layer

5. endangered _________________ E. disposal

6. greenhouse _________________ F. emissions

7. acid _________________ G. forest

8. waste _________________ H. foods

9. ozone _________________ I. power

_________________ J. warming
10. rain

Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with compound nouns from Exercise 6.

1. Many forests have been damaged by _________________.
2. The _________________ is causing the earth’s atmosphere to heat up.
3. _________________ will cause the icebergs to melt.

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4. The Amazon _________________ is in the Amazon Basin of South America.
5. The _________________ helps to protect the earth from harmful radiation from the sun.
6. Coal- burning power stations are a source of _________________.
7. Some _________________ can only be seen in zoos.
8. _________________ is a renewable source of energy.
Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with the compound nouns below.

football pitch floods lights mountain range tower block

tennis courts swimming pool safety net seashore

1. A _________________ is a tall building containing apartments or offices.

2. Many tennis players prefer _________________ with a grass surface.
3. The game will be played under _________________.
4. The two teams will play a big match at the world- famous Wembley _________________.
5. She takes her inspiration from shells and stones she finds on the _________________.
6. A _________________ is the one that is put below people performing at a great height to catch them if
they fall.
7. The outdoor _________________ is open during the summer months.
8. They tried to climb up the great _________________ of the Alps.

A. LISTENING
Exercise 1: Listen to an interview. Complete the notes with suitable information. Write NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.
Cod is in danger because the number of cod is very (46) _________________. The level of cod stocks in the
North Sea has decreased 31% since (47) _________________.
Cod are endangered because of (48) _________________.
People are still overfishing cod around the world, except in (49) _________________.
Dr Wallace suggested trying (50) _________________, such as hake.
Exercise 2: Listen to the dialogues. For questions (1-5), choose the correct answer (A, B or C).
1. You will hear two friends talking. What does the boy suggest using?
A. paper plates B. recycled paper plates C. regular plates
2. You will hear a teacher talking to a student. The student is going to _______.
A. talk to the headmaster
B. organise an event
C. put up posters
3. You will hear two friends talking. What is she probably going to do with the bags?
A. throw them away B. reuse them C. recycle them
4. You will hear a girl talking to her mother. The girl tells her mum she’s going to _______.
A. give someone else her toys
B. donate her toys to charity
C. recycle her toys
5. You will hear two friends talking about buying a new table. What type of table will he probably buy?

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A. one from reused wood
B. one that isn’t wood
C. one that is second-hand

B. SPEAKING
Exercise 1: Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Try to protect the ecosystem to maintain
B: a/ Sure. It’s very important.
biodiversity.
b/ Of course. It’s unlimited.
2. A: Ecosystems only include living things. B: a/ No, they also have non-living things.
b/ Right, they’re living organisms.
3. A: We should leave natural resources to future
B: a/ It depends on each nation.
generations.
b/ We must do it right now.
4. A: Some people do illegal hunting in U Minh
B: a/ It has rich biodiversity.
Thuong National Park.
b/ They’ll get severe punishment.
5. A: Is it OK if we allow mass tourism in
B: a/ Yes, and we educate people about Biodiversity.
national parks.
b/ Of course. It’s unlimited.
6. A: Some tourists throw plastic bags into the
B: a/ Never mind. The sea can cope with it.
sea.
b/ Oh, no. It’s harmful to marine life
7. A: The ecosystem is at risk due to human
B: a/ People should be more eco-friendly.
activities
b/ Are you aware of the danger.
8. A: More elephants work in circuses. B: a/ Entertainment is important to us.
b/ It’s not a good deed to do so.
9. A: Are those birds native to Viet Nam. B: a/ No, they only migrate here.
b/ No, it’s their habitat here.
10. A: We’re using up fossil fuels. B: a/ OK. They include petrol, coal, and so on.
b/ Yes, we should use more alternative energy.
Exercise 2: Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra that you do not need.
A. damage the ozone layer
B. the overuse of natural resources
C. have eco-labels
D. energy conserving light bulbs
E. without the use of chemicals and pesticides
F. eco-friendly appliances
G. the percentage of the ingredients
Phong Our team is going to present ways to protect our local biodiversity. Can you contribute your ideas
: to the speech? (Compiled by Tran Truong Thanh – Zalo 0369904425)
I think we can practise protecting biodiversity by being aware of the things we buy, consume and
Nick: use. We should buy products that (1) _________________ because these labels allow consumers to
learn exactly what products are made from and (2) _________________ in an item.

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In my opinion, we should recycle all plastic and glass products. This process prevents (3)
Mai:
_________________ in making them, as well as protects trees and forests used in paper products.
Besides that, we should also reduce or eliminate the use of products that come in aerosol cans.
Jane:
These products (4) _________________, the environment and add to air pollution.
We should purchase (5) _________________ for our home and office. There are many brands and
Nick:
types of appliances that are designed to use less energy and to reduce utility costs.
Phong We use (6) _________________ around our home. It is possible to buy LED light bulbs to improve
: efficiency and protect the environment. And I think that’s enough for our presentation now.
Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer.
1. “How would you like your tea?” – “________”
A. With milk, please. B. Thank you very much.
C. Yes, please. Thanks. D. It’s fantastic.
2. “Do you like rock music?” – “________”
A. It’s not quite well. B. I’m very interested in them.
C. I do not love it so much. D. That’s understandable.
3. “I love strawberries. How about you? Do you like them?” – “________”
A. I’m pretty fine, thanks. B. No, I can’t stand them.
C. No, they always stand there. D. No. I’m standing here.
4. Nick: “I enjoyed myself so much at your birthday party.”
Patrice: “________”
A. Oh, that’s kind of you. B. Oh, I’m glad to hear that.
C. Congratulations! D. It’s my pleasure.
5. Mary: “Why do you like red colour?”
Tom: “________”
A. You make me feel more confident. B. It’s the colour of love and passion.
C. You didn’t do anything for me. D. It’s a good idea, thank you.
6. Mother: “Watching television is a waste of time, Tom.”
Tom: “Mum, ________.”
A. I enjoy watching cartoons B. I don’t think so, either
C. I love your new hairstyle D. I have no taste for news
7. Kim: “We should use visual aids to make our presentation more effective.”
Daisy: “________”
A. There’s no doubt about it. B. I think we need to practise more.
C. Don’t mention it. D. Have you ever done it before?
8. “Did you enjoy he movie yesterday?” – “________”
A. Certainly, I’d be glad to. B. Yes, it is warmer than today.
C. Not really. I couldn’t follow the story. D. No, I dislike moving.

C. READING
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose
the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

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 Tourism is an important part of the global economy and eco-tourism has grown (1) _______ than any
other sector in the industry recently. Eco-tourism aims to be the most sustainable, environmentally friendly
kind of tourism possible. The term ‘eco-tourism’ has been used (2) _______ 1983 to refer to vacations that
are spent in natural environments without disturbing or damaging natural habitats. Profits from this type
of tourism generally help support the local economy and (3) _______ projects. Quite often, eco-tourism is
done in remote parts of our planet which not many tourists have ever seen before. Therefore, it is also a
great way to experience new cultures and original lifestyles. Unfortunately, (4) _______ eco-tourism tries its
best to keep the adverse impact on our environment to a minimum, chances are that the local wildlife will
still be disturbed to a certain extent. Let’s look at Kenya, where trips on safari are usually in the morning.
This is also the time when lions go hunting. However, the eco-tourists (5) _______ many other animals
away, meaning that lions in the area have to hunt in the hot, tiring hours of the day. Clearly, it’s better to
shoot pictures of animals than to shoot guns at them, but whether you are eco-tourists or not, the animals
would probably just prefer to be left alone.
1. A. as rapidly B. more rapidly C. much rapidly D. far rapidly
2. A. in B. from C. after D. since
3. A. environmental B. organic C. wild D. natural
4. A. additionally B. as a result C. although D. because
5. A. frighten B. throw C. annoy D. shock

SAVE OUR NATIONAL PARKS
Governments have different rules that (1)_________ various national parks in the world for many reasons,
one of which is to conserve and improve their natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage. For example,
the United States’ Yellowstone National Park is famous for its deep gorges, grand canyons, active geysers
and amazing waterfalls. The Kruger National Park in South Africa is (2)__________ to magnificent wildlife.
In Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park, you can see leopards, zebras, gazelles, wildebeests and beautiful
acacia trees.
In reality, the preservation of different national parks in the world is becoming much more difficult than
ever because of many natural reasons, one of which is global warming. The rising temperature has put
many national parks (3)_________ serious danger over the past 100 years. For example, Glacier National
Park in Montana, USA, has lost 40% of its glaciers since 1966. In other words, it has become smaller, and
many local species have become endangered because they have (4)_________ their homes. Consequently,
the park conservation has been in trouble since then. In some marine national parks, global warming has
also caused the sea temperature to (5) _______and negatively affected miles of coral reef as well as
thousands of types of fish. If we don’t reduce our carbon footprint or conserve our local environment, our
homes and local wildlife can’t avoid the seriously harmful effects of global warming.
1. A. ignore B. purchase C. protect D. risk
2. A. house B. home C. centre D. shelter
3. A. at B. on C. of D. in
4. A. lost B. found C. damaged D. harmed
5. A. fall B. drop C. rise D. decrease

Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C [or D] on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
 Tourism will always have an impact on the places that people visit. Sometimes the impact is positive,
but most of the time it is negative. For example, a large number of visitors in one destination can cause bad

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effects on the environment. The question is, how can we minimize the problems while still allowing people
to travel and visit places?
The main goal of eco-tourism is to limit the bad impact of tourism on the environment and local people.
The task is to encourage tourists to think about what they do when they visit an area. There are many key
points. Tourists should not litter, should stay on the paths, should not interfere with wildlife and should
respect local customs and traditions. Some people consider eco- tourism to be a double-edged sword that
has both advantages and disadvantages. They argue that tourism requires infrastructure such as roads and
airports. The more tourists visit a destination, the more of infrastructure is necessary so that the tourists can
stay and benefit the local community financially. However, it’s difficult to avoid damaging the
environment and develop local tourism at the same time. Eco-tourism can only develop in the right way if
governments can deal with the negative effects and make sure that modern improvements benefit the local
people and environment, not just the tourists.
In 2002, the United Nations General Assembly celebrated the International Year of Eco-tourism (IYE) to
evaluate global eco-tourism experiences. More and more people have chosen eco- holidays over the past 20
years. Eco-tourism truly plays a key role in the tourism industry in many countries like Kenya, Costa Rica,
Ecuador and Nepal.
1. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Benefits and drawbacks of eco-holidays B. Something that eco-tourists shouldn’t do
C. A brief introduction about ecotourism D. Some rules for tourists
2. What does the word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. damage. B. impact. C. environment D. tourism
3. According to the text, what does the eco-tourism aim at?
A. Preventing tourists from traveling B. Stopping ecotourism altogether
C. Reducing the negative effects of tourism D. Finding a new form of tourism
4. What is the meaning of the word “avoid” in paragraph 2?
A. present. B. pretend. C. prevent. D. protest
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. The local people need more buildings.
B. New infrastructure is necessary if they can benefit the local people and natural habitats.
C. Tourists shouldn’t use infrastructure on eco-holiday.
D. The government plans to build more infrastructure for ecotourists.
 Conservation is the sensible use and protection of natural resources including plants, animals, mineral
deposits, soils, clean water, clean air, and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas to ensure an
adequate supply for future generations.
Natural resources are grouped into two categories, renewable and nonrenewable. A renewable resource
is one that may be replaced over time by natural processes, such as fish populations or natural vegetation,
or is inexhaustible, such as solar energy. The goal of renewable resource conservation is to ensure that
such resources are not consumed faster than they are replaced.
Nonrenewable resources are those in limited supply that cannot be replaced or can be replaced only
over extremely long periods of time. Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and mineral deposits,
such as iron ore and gold ore. Conservation activities for nonrenewable resources focus on maintaining an
adequate supply of these resources well into the future.
1. What is the purpose of conservation mentioned in the passage?
A. To make use of natural resources

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B. To ensure an adequate supply of natural resources for future generations.
C. To replace renewable resource
D. To maintain an adequate supply of water for future.
2. The word “inexhaustible” in paragraph 2 is similar in meaning to ____________.
A. unlimited B. bottomless C. boundless D. never- ending
3. Natural vegetation is an example of ____________.
A. nonrenewable resources
B. the resources to feed fish populations
C. the resource that may be replaced by natural processes
D. inexhaustible resources
4. Conservationists work to ensure that ____________.
A. fish are consumed faster than fossil fuels
B. people consumed resources more economically
C. nonrenewable resources are consumed faster
D. renewable resources are replaced
5. Gold ore is mentioned as ____________.
A. a kind of mineral
B. a renewable resource
C. an example of fossil fuels
D. an adequate supply for future
Exercise 3: Read the following passage, and decide the statements are true (T) or false (F).
Once there were lots of pandas in the mountain of Western China. Today they are becoming extinct.
The reason is that they cannot find enough food. Pandas eat bamboo leaves. They do not like another food.
The bamboo grows very slowly. It can take 10 years for a bamboo cane to grow from a seed to a big plant.
Some types of bamboo have seeds every 60 years. Pandas must wait many years for their food to grow.
While the bamboo is growing, pandas do not have enough leaves to eat.
Farmers are using more and more of the land on the mountain side to grow food for man. The farmers
cut down the bamboo. Bamboo leaves become less plentiful. Pandas cannot find enough food to eat. They
starve and die.
China and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) are trying to save the panda. In 1979 they began to set up
special parks where pandas live. One such park is the Wolong Reserve in Sichuan. The Wolong Reserve has
the highest number of pandas in the world. Scientists come here to study the panda’s eating and mating
habits. By learning more about the panda’s habits, scientists can save it from extinction.
1. There are many pandas in China nowadays ________
2. Some kinds of bamboo grow quickly. ________
3. The favourite food for pandas is the bamboo leaves. ________
4. The Wolong Reserve is the World Wildlife Fund Organization. ________
5. Setting pandas reserves in the mountains of China is a good way to save pandas. ________

D. WRITING
Exercise 1: Complete the essay about how to protect the ecosystem with appropriate supporting ideas
below. There is one extra phrase that you do not need.
A. consume a great deal of money from governments

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B. the environmental problems, the poor management of our natural resources
C. no longer available, industrial and daily activities will face a lot of difficulties
D. dealing with the present problems on our Earth to keep on living here
E. no wars, hunger, or social problems
F. to live and new ways to exploit natural resources there
In the future it seems to be more difficult to live on the Earth. Some people think more money should be
spent on researching other planets to live on.
On the one hand, finding other planets to live on is a good idea. Firstly, there are limited natural resources
that we will use up spoon. Once these resources are (1) ______________________.
Secondly, setting a goal of settling down on a new planet will make sciences and space exploration develop
more faster. Scientists will find out new places (2) ______________________ and communicate with aliens to
exchange universal knowledge.
On the other hand, the discovery of new planets should not be the only solution for our future. The Earth is
facing (3) ______________________.
We still have enough time to take action now to solve these problems. Moreover, the cost for discovery and
settling on new planets is much higher than protecting and regenerating our planet. Spaceships, research
projects, space exploration programmes will (4) ______________________.
In conclusion, it is necessary to research for new planets to live on in the future, but (5)
______________________ is a promising answer to the question.
Exercise 2: Complete the essay about how to protect oceans with appropriate supporting ideas below.
There is one extra sentence that you do not need.
A. Over 90% of the addition heat caused by global warming is stored in the oceans.
B. We should carry out campaigns to prevent pollution of the coastal environment and reduce the use
the plastics so that less of it ends up in our oceans.
C. They host 80 percent of the planet’s biodiversity, and they are the largest ecosystem on Earth.
D. Scientists have discovered that marine life, such as horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, provide many herbs
and medicines.
E. Better management of the ocean resources is crucial to ensuring global food security.
F. Devices are being developed to generate electricity from waves and tides, as well as offshore wind
farms.
Oceans are an essential part of the Earth’s ecosystem. They are a source of biodiversity, food, and life.
According to FAO, over 40 percent of the world’s population lives within 100 kilometres off the coast. (1)
______________________
It is not early to start their restoration because of the benefits our oceans provide.
Oceans are an important source of food. (2) ______________________
Oceans absorb a quarter of all the carbon dioxide that humans put into the atmosphere. (4)
______________________. Oceans also affect our weather. The water cycle from oceans brings us our
drinking water.
(5) ______________________
It’s high time that we needed to take action (6) ______________________. We should take part in beach
clean- ups, and involve others, especially the youth.

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. native B. habitat C. mammal D. natural
2. A. destroy B. resource C. delta D. endangered
3. A. forest B. ecosystem C. conservation D. species
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
4. A. organism B. preservation C. ecosystem D. naturalism
5. A. generation B. diversity C. environment D. community
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
6. Deforestation activities are destroying the local ______ as well as the archaeological sites.
A. flora and fauna B. floral and fauna C. nature D. community
7. The newcomers can pose a threat to ______ of species by altering ecosystems.
A. existence B. biology C. biodiversity D. balance
8. Mountain gorillas are a(n) ______ species.
A. endanger B. endangered C. dangerous D. alive
9. They realised they would have to ban fishing in some areas in order to keep ______ healthy.
A. ecotourism B. ecosystems C. biodiversity D. features
10. Their environmental policies are focused on some global issues, such as ______ and ozone layer
depletion.
A. peace and security B. law and justice C. gender equality D. climate change
11. The organisation promotes conservation of forest ______.
A. sources B. resources C. supplies D. qualities
12. The host country can undertake conservation ______ to build up or maintain biodiversity.
A. identifies B. compares C. determines D. measures
13. They are hoping to discover ______ organisms in the soil.
A. living B. live C. life D. livable
14. It is now considered essential for any new fish- farming businesses to consult the relevant ______
agency.
A. conservationist B. conservative C. conservation D. conservatism
15. The country has vast oil reserves and ______ deposits of other minerals.
A. wealthy B. rich C. full D. plentiful
Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word below. There are some extra words.

ecosystem flora resources organisms

efforts materials biodiversity wildflowers

Ways to preserve Biodiversity

Biodiversity is more than simply the collection of plants and animals on Earth, it is about local ecosystems
and promoting healthy conditions for (16) ___________________ to thrive. While protecting the rainforests,
there is a lot you can do to promote and preserve local biodiversity at home.
Regularly buying from small local farms at stands and markets helps to keep money in the local economy
and supports agricultural (17) ___________________ to conserve biodiversity.

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Bees are important to preserving biodiversity, and they are increasing under attack from mites. You can
help save them by planting nectar- producing (18) ___________________ in your backyard, or even building
bee boxes for local bees to call home.
Plant local flowers, fruits and vegetables. Research the (19) ___________________, fruits and vegetables
native to your area, and plant a variety in your backyard or a hanging garden. By supporting local wildlife,
you are helping to preserve the (20) ___________________ of your area and support its local ecosystem.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
21. Grand Canyon is a land of breathtaking natural beauty and wide regional diversity which is created
by massive mountains, plain areas and deserts.
A. difference B. similarity C. stability D. feature
22. In the Philippines, illegal logging is already occurring on a mass scale, which causes the decline of 20%
the entire forest area.
A. small B. modest C. vast D. full
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
23. We always turn off all the electric appliances after working hours to conserve energy in the office.
A. save B. overuse C. have D. produce
24. Something must definitely be done about global warming or wildfires will start more easily and
spread more rapidly.
A. undoubtedly B. surely C. certainly D. possibly
Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.
25. - "Have you ever visited the Yosemite National Park?"
- "______________"
A. I have visited three different national parks in the USA.
B. It is one of ten best wildlife reserves in the USA.
C. Yes, I have read an article about its history in National Geographic.
D. No, I have never been to any places like that before.
26. - "It is very kind of you to donate such a big amount of money to help protect native wildlife".
- "______________"
A. It makes my day to do that. B. It's no bother.
C. That is amazing! D. I am very proud of you.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 27 to 31.
Tropical Rainforests
Tropical rainforests have (27) ____________ us with very many sorts of plants for food, medicine and
industry. They could probably supply man more. They also reduce (28) ____________ and droughts, keep
water clean, and slow down the Greenhouse Effect, (29) ____________ the tropical forests are being
destroyed to make room for things like farms, ranches, mines and hydroelectric (30) ____________. About
20 million hectares are lost each year- an area more than twice the size of Austria. The World Wildlife Fund
is working to protect and save the forests that are (31) ____________ danger; to plant new trees for fuel
wood and to slow down the Greenhouse Effect; and to encourage Governments to think about the forests
and their importance when giving international aid.
27. A. given B. brought C. supplied D. donated

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28. A. deserts B. floods C. heat D. hazards
29. A. so B. for C. because D. but
30. A. sources B. energy C. dams D. cables
31. A. at B. within C. on D. in
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions from 32 to 36.
Man and most animals need a constant supply of water to live. Farmers need water for their crops.
Hydroelectric dams hold back needed water and provide power for homes and industries.
Trees and grass, and other plant life play an important part in the natural circulation of water, thus help
conserve it. Without plants, most water would run off as soon as it falls, taking away valuable soil. Rapid
runoff would cause frequent floods, and leave little water during dry seasons.
Nature has many ways of conserving and controlling water. But man often upsets the water balance in
his desire to grow more crops. He drains ponds, swamps and wet land. He ploughs under the natural soil,
cuts timber, and dredges and straightens streams. These changes reduce natural storage of water and speed
runoff.
Water can be held on the land by planting vegetation. Forests and grass should be planted where there
are natural growths. Dams built across rivers help hold back the water. Reservoirs behind the dams store
water during wet seasons for use in dry seasons. Dams help prevent floods by controlling the flow of
water.
Note: to dredge = to make a river deeper
32. What is the topic of the passage?
A. Water circulation B. Water conservation C. Controlling water D. Use of water
33. What is the consequence of having no plants on land?
A. no water B. frequent floods C. dry crops D. valuable soil
34. Which is one of the ways that men do to affect the water balance?
A. shortening streams B. cutting down trees
C. preserving water D. protecting ponds and swamps
35. What is NOT a natural way of conserving and controlling water?
A. ponds B. streams C. swamps D. reservoirs
36. What do people use reservoirs for?
A. growing plants B. building dams C. storing water D. preventing floods
Match the definitions to their corresponding compound nouns given. There is one extra compound
noun that you do not need.
air- traffic control answering machine junk mail
greenhouse effect package holiday

37. It’s partly caused by such things as hair sprays and old fridges. ___________________
38. They say that working there is much more stressful than being a pilot. ___________________
39. It’s much easier not to have to make your own travel arrangements. ___________________
40. It took my mother ages to get used to leaving a message on mine. ___________________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
41. A coral reef is one of the most biodiversity ecosystems in the world that is a source of food and

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A B C
medicines and protect coastlines from storms.
D
42. Sea level rise increases the risk of coastal floodings and has intensified the impact of storms.
A B C D
43. Although shipping is considered one of the lowest emitting means of transportation, but the industry
A B C D
accounts for nearly 3% of global emissions.
44. You should draw up a long-termed plan which includes creating new areas of habitat, restoring existing
A B C
existing habitats or leaving some areas wild.
D
45. The park welcomes volunteers at its nine visitors' centres at its headquarters and project areas.
A B C D
Write sentences about the future of ecosystem, using the words given.
46. honestly/ I/ like/ live/ planet/ where/ residents/ take care/ ecology and environment/
 ________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
47. now/ we/ problems/ garbage and pollution/ because/ many factories/ emit/ a lot/ pollutants/ atmosphere
 ________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
48. addition/ people/ use/ public transport/ instead/ their cars/
 ________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
49. there/ be/ new technologies/ allow us/ fly/ other planets/ high speed/
 ________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
50. there/ be/ no wars, hunger, or social problems/ and/ everyone/ live/ peace/ and/ enjoy/ lives
 ________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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