Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng có thể còn Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trong
kéo dài tới hiện tại và tương lai quá khứ
Eg: I have learnt English for 10 years. Eg: I learnt English 10 years ago.
(Tôi học tiếng Anh được 10 năm rồi.) (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh 10 năm trước – và
tôi không còn học nữa.)
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng còn ảnh Hành động đã xảy ra và không còn liên hệ
hưởng tới hiện tại gì với hiện tại
Eg: I have broken my leg. Eg: 10 years ago, I broke my leg once.
(Tôi đã bị gãy chân – nên bây giờ tôi nằm ở bệnh viện.) (10 năm trước, tôi đã bị gãy chân một lần)
2. Cấu trúc Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
(?) (Từ để hỏi) + have/ has + S + VpII? * Tobe: (Từ để hỏi) + was/ were + S + .....?
Eg: How long have you lived there? * Verb: (Từ để hỏi) + did + S + Vinf + .....?
(Bạn sống ở đó bao lâu rồi?) Eg: When did you buy that book?
(Bạn đã mua cuốn sách đó khi nào vậy?)
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
PRACTICE
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
1. I haven’t played (not/play) football since I was at school but I was (be) very good at it back then.
2. A: Have you chosen (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I bought (buy) one yesterday.
3. I think our teacher forgot (forget) about the test! He didn’t say (not/ say) anything about it in the last
season!
4. A: Have you sold (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, some people saw (see) it last month and bought (buy) it.
5. They lost (lose) their cat. It was run (run) away last week.
6. Has Helen ever tried (try) sushi?
7. Did you go (go) to the wedding last night?
8. I have never been (be) to Paris
9. This year I have travelled (travel) to Athens 3 times so far.
10. Paul and Judith (be) married since 1998.
11. Have you finished (finish) your homework yet?
12. Last night aunt Betty came (come) by. She told (tell) us that this summer they are going to Hawaii.
13. I have visited (visit) many different countries so far. Last summer I gone (go) to Italy and 3 years ago I
was (be) in Spain. I haven’t visited (not/ visit) Germany yet.
14. When did you come (come) to Greece?
15. I came (come) in 2007.
16. Did you watch (watch) the film E.T. yesterday?
17. They have already left (leave) the train station
18. How long have you known (know) Jonathan?
19. I met (meet) him in 2009, so I have known (know) him for 3 years
20. What happened (happen) to Lucy last night?
21. I (see) saw that programme about telepathy last night.
22. He (come) came back from Uganda a week ago.
23. Last week, he (phone) phoned me to inform me about the matter.
24. He (travel) has travelled a lot recently.
25. Claire (have) have had an appointment at the hairdresser’s yesterday.
26. He’s the most difficult customer I (have to - ever) have ever deal with.
27. Sales (rise) rised in 2001, but then (fall) felt again in 2002.
28. We (sign) signed a binding contract last year which is still valid.
29. I feel really tired. I (finish - just) have just finished my homework.
30. Look at George ! He (have) have had a haircut.
Key
1. I ___haven’t played___ (not/play) football since I was at school but I __was___ (be) very good at it back
then.
2. A: ___Have___ you _____chosen___ (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I ___bought___ (buy) one yesterday.
3. I think our teacher __has forgotten____ (forget) about the test! He _____didn’t say______ (not/ say)
anything about it in the last season!
4. A: _____Have you sold_______ (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, some people __saw_____ (see) it last month and ____bought____ (buy) it.
5. They ____have lost______ (lose) their cat. It ____ran_______ (run) away last week.
Make sentences using the words and phrases given.
1. Do / exercise / regularly / help / you / stay / healthy.
A. Doing exercise regularly helps you stay healthy.
B. Doing exercise regularly help you stay healthy.
C. Do exercise regularly helps you stay healthy.
D. Doing exercise regularly helps you are stay healthy.
2. We / need / calories / or / energy / do / things / every day.
A. We need calories or energy do things every day.
B. We need calories or energy doing things every day.
C. We needs calories or energy do things every day.
D. We need calories or energy to do things every day.
3. We / should / balance / calories / we / get / from / food / with / calories / we / use / physical activity.
A. We should balance calories we get from food with calories we use physical activity.
B. We should balance calories we get from food with calories we use for physical activity.
C. We should be balancing calories we get from food with calories we use physical activity.
D. We should be balanced calories we get from food with calories we use to physical activity.
4. Eat / healthy/ be / important / part / maintain / good / health.
A. Eat healthily is an important part to maintain good health.
B. Eat healthily is an important part to maintain good health.
C. Eating healthily is an important part to maintain good health.
D. Eating healthily is a important part to maintain good health.
5. Eat / less / sweet / food / and / eat / more / fruit / vegetables.
A. Eating less sweet food and eat more fruits and vegetables.
B. Eating less sweet food and eating more fruits and vegetables.
C. Eating less sweet food and to eat more fruits and vegetables.
D. Eat less sweet food and eat more fruits and vegetables.
6. Drink / lots / water / be / good / our health.
A. Drinking lots of water is good for our health.
B. Drink lots of water is good for our health.
C. Drinking a lots of water is good for our health.
D. Drink a lots of water is good for our health.
7. I / have / toothache / so / I / have to / see / dentist.
A. I have a toothache so I have to see dentist.
B. I have toothache so I have to see dentist.
C. I have a toothache so I have to see the dentist.
D. I have toothaches so I have to see the dentists.
8. Watch / much / TV / not / good / your eyes.
A. Watch much TV is not good for your eyes.
B. Watching much TV is not good for your eyes.
C. Watch too much TV is not good for your eyes.
D. Watching too much TV is not good for your eyes.
9. When/ I/ ten/ begin/ play football.
A. When I was ten, I began to play football.
B. When I was ten, I begin to play football.
C. When I am ten, I began to play football.
D. When I was ten, I began play football.
10. Calories / important / human / health.
A. Calories are important for human health.
B. Calories is important for human health.
C. Calories are important with human health.
D. Calories is important with human health
Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.
1. This is the first time I attend such an enjoyable wedding party.
A. The first wedding party I attended was enjoyable.
B. I had the first enjoyable wedding party.
C. My attendance at the first wedding party was enjoyable.
D. I have never attended such an enjoyable wedding party before.
2. I have not met her for three years.
A. The last time I met her was three years ago.
B. It is three years when I will meet her.
C. I did not meet her three years ago.
D. During three years, I met her once.
3. This pasta is a new experience for me.
A. I used to eat a lot of pasta.
B. I am used to eating pasta.
C. It is the first time I have eaten pasta.
D. I have ever eaten pasta many times before.
4. I have not seen Tom for ages.
A. It has been a long time since I last saw Tom.
B. Tom and I do not look the same age.
C. Tom and I are friends for a long time.
D. I often met Tom ages ago.
5. The last time I went to the museum was a year ago.
A. I have not been to the museum for a year.
B. A year ago, I often went to the museum.
C. My going to the museum lasted a year.
D. At last I went to the museum after a year.
6. I have not seen her for three years.
A. I have often seen her for the last three years.
B. About three years ago, I used to meet her.
C. The last time when I saw her was three years ago.
D. I saw her three years ago and will never meet her again.
7. "What a beautiful dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
(“compliment SB on ST/doing ST” mang nghĩa “khen ai đó về cái gì”)
8. "Please don't leave until I come back," Sarah said.
A. Sarah suggested not leaving until she comes back.
B. Sarah asked us to leave until she came back.
C. Sarah told us not to leave until she came back.
D. Sarah offered to leave until she came back.
9. "Stop smoking or you'll be ill", the doctor told me.
A. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to avoid illness.
B. The doctor suggested smoking to treat illness.
C. I was ordered not to smoke to recover from illness.
D. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes.
(câu B, C và D đều khác nghĩa câu gốc, trong đó ở câu D “ to be warned agianst smoking a lot of
cigrarettes”, “nên tránh hút nhiều thuốc”, hàm ý việc hút thuốc chưa diễn ra, khác với câu gốc)
10. She said, "John, I'll show you round my city when you're here."
A. She made a trip round her city with John.
B. She planned to show John round her city.
C. She promised to show John round her city.
D. She organized a trip round her city for John.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given.
1. Last night she worked very hard. She wanted to finish the report on time.
A. Last night she worked very hard so as to finish the report on time.
B. Last night she worked very hard although he wanted to finish the report on time.
C. However hard she worked last night; she finished the report on time.
D. No matter how hard she worked last night, she finished the report on time.
2. You'd better call him immediately. It's possible he'll leave for Paris.
A. If he leaves for Paris, you should call him immediately.
B. You'd better call him immediately as he possibly leaves for Paris.
C. You'd better call him immediately so that he possibly leaves for Paris.
D. You'd better call him immediately unless he possibly leaves for Paris.
3. She wasn't wearing a seat-belt. She was injured.
A. If she hadn't been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured.
B. If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she would have been injured.
C. If she were wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't be injured.
D. If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured.
4. I eat a lot. I cannot keep fit.
A. I eat more and more and become fitter and fitter.
B. The less I eat, the fitter I become.
C. The more I eat, the less fit I become.
D. I become fit not only because I eat a lot.
5. They finished one project. They started working on the next.
A. Had they finished one project, they would have started working on the next.
B. Only if they had they finished one project did they start working on the next.
C. Hardly had they finished one project when they started working on the next.
D. Not until they started working on the next project did they finish the previous one.
READING COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage 1 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
Life expectancy is the period of time that a person can expect to live. Life expectancy varies greatly between
genders and cultures. It used to be that women had a lower life expectancy than men (1 in every 4 women died in
childbirth), but now they live an average of four to five years longer than men. Life expectancy has been
increasing rapidly over the last centuries. With the advent of such modern miracles as sewers, medicine and a
greater understanding of how diseases are spread, our life expectancy has increased by 25-30 years.
In developing countries like Swaziland, where there is a high HIV/ AIDS rate, life expectancy is as low as
32.6 years. In developed countries like Australia, life expectancy rates are as high as 81 years. There are an increasing
number of factors which can cancel out the disadvantages you have. The one that we are looking at now is how
your career can affect your life expectancy. Choosing the wrong career can result in a shorter life!
If you want your career to positively influence your life expectancy, you have to be made of money. That's
right. Rich people in wealthy areas of England and France live 10 years longer than the people in poorer areas.
Having a successful career has its drawbacks, too if the result of hard work is stress.
Stress can lead to a number of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, tension and
aggression. These conditions may result in a lack of concentration and an increase in serious injuries at work.
They can also lead to high blood pressure and heart attacks which seriously affect life expectancy.
If you are worried that your job might decrease your life expectancy, you probably need to avoid careers on
"dangerous jobs" list such as timber cutters, pilots, construction workers, roofer, truck drivers.
So if you don't want to kick the bucket at an early age, choose a career in something other than timber
cutting, but above all, remember to relax.
From Pre-Essence Reading by Rachel Lee, Longman
1. The passage mainly discusses ___________.
A. The definition of life expectancy
B. The comparison of life expectancy between women and men
C. The importance of a successful career
D. The effects of a career on one’s life expectancy
2. The average life expectancy is 32.6 years in ________
A. Swaziland
B. France
C. Australia
D. England
3. Why does an increase in stress lelad to an increase in workplace accidents?
A. Workers like to take sick leave and stay home
B. It leads o a decrease in concentration and depression
C. Workers don’t care as much as about their jobs
D. Workers are too busy to observe safety regulations
4. It can be inferred from the paragraph 3 that the disadvantage of a successful career is that _____
A. Yon won’t have to take a job on the “dangerous jobs” list
B. You are at the greater risk of being a victim of crime
C. There is a high number of work-related injuries
D. You are more likely to be under stress
5. The phrase “kick the bucket in the passage is closest in meaning to ___________
A. die B. relax C. live D. succeed
Read the following passage 2 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
Read the following passage 4 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
Highest Life Expectancy in The World
Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly lead (1)
______ lives past the age of 100. A blue zone is considered to be a "longevity oasis" and the people who live
there are believed to have the longest life expectancy on Earth. The longest living women were found in
Okinawa, Japan. Another blue zone was discovered in the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men reach
the age of 100 at an amazing rate, another was 2_________ on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007.
Only one of the blue zones is located in the United States. It was found when researchers who were staying in
Loma Linda, California discovered they suffered from (3) ______ of the diseases that commonly kill people in
other parts of the United States and throughout the developed world. The final blue zone was found on an
expedition to the island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer,
and (4) _______ zero dementia - loss of memory. What's their secret formula for (5) _____ another 10 healthy
years? Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while it helps to
have good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation. If you adopt the right (6) _______ , they concluded the
other 70% can be up to us. Other (7)______ the people living in the blue zones have in common include less
stress and more (8)______ , strong (9) _______ on family, a fresh natural plant based, diet, very little red meat
and daily exercise. Leading their lives with a sense of (10) ______ was a big factor. It insures they look
forward to getting up in the morning.
1. A. act B. action C. active D. actively
2. A. got B. discovered C. come D. become
3. A. bits B. pieces C. a piece D. a fraction
4. A. almost B. quite C. hardly D. about
5. A. making B. adding C. bringing D. supplying
6. A. remedy B. behaviour C. lifestyle D. medicine
7. A. traits B. types C. tracks D. problems
8. A. sociable B. social C. society D. socializing
9. A. pressure B. effect C. emphasis D. influence
10. A. value B. meaning C. determination D. purpose
Read the following passage 5 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions
We need calories or (1)…………………..to do the things every day. For example, when we walk to school or
(2) ………………..a bike to school we spend a certain amount of (3)………….and even when we sleep, we
also use them. But how many calories should we (4) ………………a day to stay in shape? It’s difficult (5)
…………………..us to calculate. If people want to keep (6) …………….., they should remember that
everyone should have between 1600 and 2500 calories a day.
We get calories (7) ……………. the food we eat. If we get too many food and don’t take part (8)…………
any activities, we can get fat quickly. So besides studying, we should do some (9)………….., play sports or
do the housework, such as cleaning the floor, cooking etc. Otherwise, we don’t eat enough, we will be (10)
…………….and weak.
1. A. food B. energy C. drink D. ingredient
2. A. ride B. come C. drive D. fly
3. A. things B. food C. calories D. vitamins
4. A. do B. spend C. have D. make
5. A. for B. with C. in D. on
6. A. health B. fit C. active D. ridicilous
7. A. in B. of C. from D. at
8. A. with B. in C. on D. from
9. A. exercises B. activities C. conversations D. campaigns
10. A. extensive B. tired C. exhausted D. brave
Read the following passage 6 and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
LIVING A HEALTHIER LIFE
Keeping fit and healthy may seem difficult, but there are few-easy-follow guidelines. Firstly, a
balanced diet is absolutely essential. This means selecting food that is (1) __________ in salt and sugar.
Experts recommend reducing the amount of fat in your diet as too much can lead to heart problems.
They also suggest increasing (2) __________ of high fiber food we eat. This comes in the form of fresh fruit,
vegetables, whole meal bread and pasta. As well as being packed (3) __________ vitamins and minerals, they
are delicious, too. Secondly, it’s important to fit exercise in to your daily routine. This can be done by simply
walking as much as possible and climbing stairs instead of (4) __________ the lift. Finally, staying relaxed is
important for good health. Too much stress can lead to a variety of illness, from headaches to high blood
pressure. (5)_______possible, do things you enjoy and treat yourself occasionally. So the message is simple -
enjoy yourself but learn to respect your body too. It’s all a question of getting the balance right.
1. A. poor B. short C. small D. low
2. A. amount B. figure C. number D. mass
3. A. with B. by C. of D. in
4. A. catching B. having C. taking D. going
5. A. Whenever B. Whichever C. However D. How
Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passages
Passage 1
In the graph above, average life expectancy (in years) is compared 1__________ six countries: Monaco, the
United States, the Philippines, Laos, Rwanda, and South Africa.
The graph organizes the country from 2 __________ life expectancy to shortest, left to right. Individuals in
Monaco have the longest life expectancy, well over 84 years. Next highest is the United States, with a life
expectancy around 75 years. The Philippines is third 3__________, Laos is fourth, and Rwanda second to
last. All of these have a life expectancy of 4 __________ than 52 years. Of the six countries surveyed here,
only South Africa has a life expectancy lower than this.
In summary, life expectancies from this survey of six countries vary widely. That of Monaco (with the highest
life expectancy) approaches twice that of South Africa (with the lowest life expectancy). In this 5 __________
, Europe and the US 6 ___________the longest life expectancies, Asia is in the middle, and the African
countries have the shortest life expectancies.
KEY: 1. For 2. Longest 3. Highest
4. More 5. graph 6. have
Passage 2
Family history; psychological factors, and (1) ____________ all play a role in childhood obesity. Children
whose parents or other family members are (2) ____________ or obese are more likely to follow suit. But the
main (3) __________of childhood obesity is a combination of eating too much and exercising too little.
A poor (4)___________containing high levels of fat or sugar and few nutrients can cause kids to gain weight
quickly. Fast food, candy, and soft drinks are common culprits. The U.S. Department of Health & Human
Services (HHS) reports that 32 percent of adolescent girls and 52 percent of adolescent boys in the United
States drink 24 ounces of soda - or more - per day.
Convenience foods, such as frozen dinners, salty snacks, and canned pastas, can also (5) ___________ to
unhealthy weight gain. Some children become obese because their parents don't know how to choose or
prepare healthy foods. Other families may not be able to easily afford fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats.
Not enough (6) ____________ can be another cause of childhood obesity. People of' all ages tend to gain
weight when they're less active. Exercise burns (7) ___________and helps you maintain a healthy weight.
Children who aren't encouraged to be active may be less likely to burn extra calories through sports, time on
the playground, or other forms of physical activity.
Psychological issues may also lead to obesity in some children. Kids and teens who are bored, stressed, or
depressed may eat (8) ___________ to cope with negative emotions.
Key: 1. lifestyle 2. overweight 3. Cause 4. diet 5. contribute 6. physical activity 7. calories 8. more
Passage 3
Street Games
activities , disadvantaged , opportunities, about, between,
for, with, part, what, communities
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 1:
S+ has/have + not + P2 + for + thời gian.
→ It’s + thời gian…. + since……. + last + Quá khứ đơn.
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 2:
S + has/have + not + P2 + before.
→ It is the first time + S + has/have + P2.
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 3:
S + has/have + not + P2 + since/for +…
→ S + last + V2/ed…+… ago/ mệnh đề quá khứ đơn.
→ The last time + S + V2/ed + was + thời gian + (ago).