Chemistry Topic 2

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1. Atom The smallest neutral part of an element that can take part
in chemical reactions.

2. Element A substance made up of only atoms with the same number

of protons in the nucleus.

3. Electrons The temperature at which a liquid boils.

4. Protons How a substance reacts with other substances.

5. Neutrons Temperature at which a substance changes from the solid

state to the liquid state when heated; or from the liquid
state to the solid state when cooled.

6. Relative mass A graph showing the heat/cooling of a substance over time

and can be used to determine the melting/boiling points of
a substance.

7. Relative charge Particle consisting of two or more atoms joined together

by covalent bonding.

8. Nucleus A tiny piece of matter that everything is made out of.

9. Electron shells A theory to explain the different properties and observa-

tions of solids, liquids and gases.

10. atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (symbol
Z). Also known as the proton number.

11. mass number The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom (symbol A). Also known as the nucleon number.

12. periodic table Chart in which the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number.

13. Ar Symbol for relative atomic mass (RAM).

14. isotopes Atoms of an element with the same number of protons

(atomic number) but different mass numbers due to differ-
ent numbers of neutrons.
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15. mean An average calculated by adding up the values of a set of

measurements and dividing by the number of measure-
ments in the set.

16. nuclear fission The reaction in which the nucleus of a large atom, such as
uranium, splits into two smaller nuclei.

17. relative atomic The mean mass of an atom relative to the mass of an atom
mass (RAM) of carbon-12, which is assigned a mass of 12. The RAM
of an element is the mean relative mass of the isotopes in
the element.

18. Chemical proper- How a substance reacts with other substances.

ty

19. Dmitri Mendeleev A Russian chemist that constructed a table that lead to the
periodic table we know today.

20. Periodic table An ordered list of all known elements.

21. Physical proper- A description of how a material behaves and responds to

ty forces and energy. Hardness is a physical property.

22. Prediction What you think will happen in an experiment and why you
think this.

23. Relative atomic The Ar of an element is the mean relative mass of the
mass, Ar isotopes in the element.

24. Group A vertical column of elements in the periodic table. Ele-

ments in the same group generally have similar properties
and the same electrons in outer shell.

25. Henry Mosley The scientist who discovered that atomic number was
equal to the number of positively charged particles (pro-
tons) in a nucleus of an atom.

26. inert Does not react.

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27. period A horizontal row in the periodic table.

28. relative atomic The mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass
mass of an atom of carbon-12. (One atom of carbon-12 has been
assigned a mass of 12.)

29. X-ray Electromagnetic radiation that has a shorter wavelength

than UV but longer than gamma rays.

30. electron Tiny particle with a negative charge that is found in shells
around the nucleus of an atom.

31. electron shell Areas around a nucleus that can be occupied by electrons,
usually drawn as circles. Also called an electron energy
level.

32. electronic con- The arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus
figuration of an atom.

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