Bandwagon - Commonly used in advertisements, this

ENGLISH Q2 REVIEWER persuasion technique makes the audience believe the A. Thesis statement
PATTERN C

MAIN TOPIC
SUBTOPIC
SUBTOPIC I
RESEARCH, ADVOCACIES, & CAMPAIGNS
Research - make use of a formal, academic, and
persuasive language to communicate discussions and
present corresponding findings for variable studies.
Advocacy - it refers to activities that argue, plead,
support, or favor a certain cause.
Campaign - a planned set of activities that people
carry out to attain a certain goal or objective.
LANGUAGE DEVICES USED IN PERSUASIVE
WRITING
Emotive Language - this involves the use of words
that evoke emotions and make people feel a certain
way. This is a commonly used technique when writing
headlines in newspapers or delivering speeches.
Modal Verbs - the use of words that express modality
or how likely something is going to happen helps
adjust the level of certainty of events to suit
arguments. (ex. may, might, will, must, shall, can,
could, would, ought to)
Involving the Reader - this is done through the use
of personal pronouns like you, your, we, our, and
indicative words like together.
Rhetorical Questions - these are questions that are
not supposed to be answered.
Using Evidence - this involves the use of facts,
figures, or quotes from experts to highlight the writer’s
authority and make the arguments presented more
convincing.
Repetition - this technique involves repeating
keywords, phrases, or ideas to appeal to the readers.
Adjective and Adverbs - Using carefully selected
adjectives and adverbs makes it possible for the
writer to influence how the readers feel.
Association - A technique that tries to link an object
or an idea with something already liked or desired by
the target audience such as wealth, success,
pleasure, and security.
idea that “everyone is doing it” or that everyone likes B. First con + Refutation
something. C. Second con + Refutation
Experts - This means relying on expert advice from D. Third con + Refutation
trusted people like doctors, scientists, and other E. Conclusion
professionals for things that the audience does not LANGUAGE FEATURES OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE
know. TEXT
ARGUMENTATION Modals - the use of modal verbs like should and
Argumentation - sometimes called persuasive writing must to express suggestion and obligation,
because it seeks to convince readers to support a respectively contributes to the achievement of
stand on a certain issue. sentences that provide support to the main argument.
Proposition - serves as the point of reference of the Evaluative Language - The use of evaluative
argumentative writer. language, usually in the form of adjectives, reflects
Argumentative Essay - is an essay that presents a the writer’s attitude towards a certain idea. (Ex. of Adj:
stand or a rationale on a given proposition or issue. appalling, awful, disgusting, dreadful, horrendous,
Pro-Argument - point/ideas that support one’s incredible, revolting, ridiculous, shocking, terrible,
ideas/thesis. wonderful)
Counter-Argument - point/ideas in opposition to the Transitions - The use of appropriate transitional
argument being made. devices plays a great part in maintaining the smooth
Opponent - a person who disagrees with something flow of ideas in an argumentative text. Depending on
and speaks against it. the need to bridge one idea to the others, these
Proponent - an advocate who argues in favor of words, also known as connectives, help achieve
something. coherence in writing. (Ex. because, therefore, on the
Refutation - the process of discrediting the other hand, as a result, in summary, consequently,
arguments that oppose your thesis statement. similarly, in contrast, meanwhile, furthermore)
KEY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF SOME TRANSITION WORDS USED IN TEXTS
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING COMPARE AND CONTRAST
A. Claim Compare
B. Reasons behind claim - similarly, like, likewise, same as, as well as,
C. Evidence to support the claim too
PATTERN A Contrast
A. Thesis statement - despite, while, unlike, in contrast to, but, on
B. First pro the other hand, however, although
C. Second pro CHRONOLOGICAL
D. Con(s) + Refutation(s) Time order words
E. Conclusion - earlier, in the past, formerly, once, then, now,
PATTERN B finally, before, at first
A. Thesis statement CONCLUSION
B. Con(s) + Refutation(s) - to conclude, at last, afterward, eventually,
C. First pro finally, thereafter, here after, in conclusion, to
D. Second pro finish, at the end
E. Conclusion
 ADDITION
- Also, furthermore, and, additionally, too, or, in
addition to, as well as
OTHER FEATURES
Declarative Statements
Ex. Nearly half a million people die of malaria every
year, most of them young children under the age of
five.
Rhetorical Questions
Ex. Don’t you think that when fewer people get sick,
the working population is stronger as a whole
because people are not put out of work from malaria,
nor are they caring for sick relatives?
Passive Construction (LV + PP = Passive
Construction)
Ex. In 1969, WHO was forced to admit that the
program had not succeeded in eradicating malaria.
OPINIONS AND ASSERTION
Opinion - A view, judgment, or appraisal drawn from
facts. (Ex. The Philippines is one of the best
tourist destinations on the planet with
its White Beach in Boracay, Chocolate
Hills in Bohol, and Underground River
in Palawan)
Assertion - A declaration or expression of strong
belief towards a particular topic, often without
evidence. (Ex. The Philippines is the happiest
country in the world)
Commonplace Assertion “Stereotypes” -
statements that sound true but are generally based on
common opinions. (Ex. “Men are always stronger than
women.”)
TYPES OF ASSERTION
Basic Assertion - directly expresses the writer’s
feelings and beliefs through simple statements;
usually used in standing up for personal beliefs.
(Example 1. “Excuse me, first, I want to finish my
work, then I shall go with you.”
Example 2. The Philippines has an advanced
civilization before the Spanish colonization.)
Empathic Assertion - Expressing empathy and
expounding on how the writer understands the
feelings and emotions of another or of the literary
author.
3 PARTS OF EMPATHIC ASSERTION
1. Empathy and/or validation
2. Statement of the problem
3. Statement of what you want
(Example 1. “I understand you are busy, and me too,
but it is difficult for me to finish this project on my own.
So, I want you to help me complete this project.”)
I-Language Assertion - Expresses the feelings and
preferences of the writer; usually uses the pronoun
“I” in asserting disagreement; used in writing reviews,
reaction, or reflection papers.
3 PARTS OF I-LANGUAGE ASSERTION
1. Description of the behavior
2. Concrete effect/s of the behavior to you
3. Statement of what you want
(Example 1. When you speak harshly, I cannot work
with you because I feel annoyed. Therefore, I want
you to speak nicely and then assign me a task.)
FORMULATING CLAIMS OF FACT, POLICY, AND
VALUE
QUESTION OF FACT
● answers whether or not something is true
● is always answered with either “Yes” or “No”
and then you must construct paragraphs to
support the facts
● also deals with ideas or claims that can be
proven or disproved with the help of factual
evidence.
● The claim derived from the question of fact is
basically debatable yet verifiable.
● Examples: Is McDonalds a fast food
restaurant? ; Do telenovelas affect your life?
QUESTION OF POLICY
● asks the writer to explain what they would do
with the usual key words “should” or “what
should we do...?”
● asks the writer to make a plan of action to
solve some sort of problem.
● Its answer underscores the breakdown of the
plan and a justification that it fixes the
problem.
● Examples: What Jollibee product should
improve? ; What should be done to combat
the drug problem?
WHAT IS A CLAIM?
● a single statement/topic of an argument
● not a question
● phrased against the status quo (present
situation)
For a Speaker: It is the main topic of an argument
where the speaker tries to assert on his or her beliefs,
ideas or actions.
For a Writer: It is the central statement of a text
where the writer tries to prove in the text by providing
details, explanations and other types of evidence.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CLAIM
1. It is a single statement.
2. It is being compared.
3. It is in the past, present or future.
4. It has a cause and effect.
5. It has action to be taken.
6. It is what’s happening.
7. It could be true or false.
3 KINDS OF CLAIMS
CLAIM OF FACT
- is a statement of something that has existed
(past), exists (present), or will exist (future)
- Whether it is true or untrue, there must
always be potential for controversy, conflict
and change.
- It reports, describes, predicts and shows
cause and effect.
CLAIM OF POLICY
- is a statement that indicates that an action
must be taken or discontinued in specific
policies.
- It shows that a problem exists and it’s good to
solve it in a certain way.
CLAIM OF VALUE
- A claim of value is based on preference such
as likes/dislikes (good or bad)
- It gives judgment about morality, beauty, merit
or wisdom.
- It compares and contrasts a problem with a
similar one in another time and/or place.
EXPOSITION (EXPOSITORY WRITING)
- Unlike in narrative writing, an expository text
does not tell a story and does not make
use of emotion in presenting facts.
- It is fact-based and seeks to educate the
reader by presenting facts based on reliable
sources.
- An expository text seeks to inform.
KEY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN AN
EXPOSITION
1. CLEAR AND CONCISE STATEMENT
- This is usually presented in the initial
paragraph.
- It introduces the main idea or topic and
provides the overall direction for the text.
2. CLEAR TRANSITIONS
- The use of clear and proper transitions will
glue the introduction, the body, and the
conclusion together. Without effective use of
transitions, the exposition may seem like a
disjointed collection of sentences.
3. BODY THAT CONTAINS EVIDENCES AND
SUPPORT
- The use of supporting evidence like examples
and explanations forms a huge part of a
facts-based expository text.
4. AN EFFECTIVE CONCLUSION
- Conclusion is not only meant to summarize
the ideas presented from the introduction to
the body. Instead, a conclusion should tie the
ideas altogether while highlighting the true
essence of the main idea in the text.
STRUCTURES OR PATTERNS OF IDEA
DEVELOPMENT
A. Cause and Effect
B. Comparison and Contrast
C. Description
D. Problem and Solution
E. Sequence
A. CAUSE AND EFFECT
- The writer presents the information by
explaining how or why a certain event or
occurrence happened (cause) and what
resulted from that particular cause/occurrence
(effect).
Example: During the boat ride, because the man was
not around, the wolf ate the sheep. At another try, the
sheep was left alone without the man. As a result, the
sheep ate the cabbages.
B. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
- The writer presents the information by
providing details as to how things, concepts,
or ideas are alike or different.
Example: The sheep and the wolf are both animals
that, in the same way, can be likened to human traits.
An obedient and gentle person is similar to the meek
lamb or sheep. In contrast, a clever but deceitful
person resembles a wolf. In real life, although they
are both mammals, it’s usually easier to tame a sheep
over the wolf that usually prefers living in the wild.
C. DESCRIPTION
- The writer presents the topic by providing
details about its attributes, features, and
examples.
Example: A cabbage, a biennial plant grown as an
annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads,
has varied characteristics. For instance, it has
different colors like leafy green, red (purple), or
white (pale green). It is descended from the wild
cabbage, and belongs to the "cole crops" or
brassicas, such as broccoli and cauliflower; Brussels
sprouts; and Savoy cabbage. Its weights generally
range from 500 to 1,000 grams (1 to 2 lb).
Smooth-leafed, firm-headed green cabbages are the
most common, with smooth-leaved purple cabbages
and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors
being rarer.
D. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
- The writer presents a problem and provides
one or more solutions to the said problem.
Example: Since the boatman has to ensure that the
cabbage, the sheep, and the fox can be transported
to the other side without one eating another while he
is not around, he has to think logically about the
situation. He has to play trial-and-error scenes in his
head and figure out the best possible ways to make it
to the other side safely. Consequently, with advanced
and critical thinking skills, he can find a way.
E. SEQUENCE
- The writer presents the information in a way
that follows numerical or chronological
sequence.
Example: First, the man will load the sheep on the
boat. Next, he will take the wolf. Then, he will get the
sheep back to the boat. Afterwards, he will take the
cabbage. Finally, he will transport the sheep.
MULTIMODAL
Multimodal Text
- it refers to the combination and interaction of
multiple modes of communication within a single
context or medium.
- Multimodal text may be print-based (paper), digital,
live or transmedia (using multiple delivery channels)
- Multimodal text includes picture, books, textbooks,
graphic novels, comics, and posters where meaning
is conveyed through the reader through varying
combinations of visuals, written language, and spatial
modes.
- Can range from simple to complex
Simple Multimodal Texts - newspapers, brochures,
comics, graphic novels, picture books, print
advertisements, posters, storyboards, slide
presentations, e-books, e-posters, and social media.
Complex Multimodal Texts - animations, digital
stories, webpages, documentaries, book trailers, live
action films, and video games.
Mode - refers to the method of communication being
presented.
ELEMENTS OF MULTIMODAL TEXTS
Linguistic - vocabulary, structure, grammar of
oral/written language.
Visual - color, vectors and viewpoint in still and
moving images.
Audio/Aural - volume, pitch, and rhythm of music and
sound effects.
Gestural - movement, facial expression and body
language
Spatial - proximity, direction, position of layout,
organization of objects in space
8 PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun - a word that represents a person, thing,
concept or place. (e.g. “Ana”, “book’, “affinity”,
“school”)
Pronoun - refers to the words that are used instead
of a noun. (e.g. I, he, she, that, those, this, etc.)
Adverb - a word that describes a verb (“he sings
loudly”), an adjective (“he’s very tall”), and another
adverb (“the show ended too quickly”). Adverbs often
end in “-ly”, but some look exactly the same as their
adjective counterparts.
Adjectives - are words that describe the qualities or
states of being of nouns. (e.g enormous, silly, fun,
yellow, fast, etc.)
Verb - describes an action or state being. (e.g.
walking, writing, sleeping, dance, etc.)
Preposition - a word or group of words used before a
noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction,
time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to
introduce an object. (e.g. in, at, on, of, to, for, etc.)
Conjunction - a word that joins parts of a sentence
together (e.g. if, and, unless, both, because, since,
after, etc.)
Interjection - a word or phrase used to express a
feeling or request or demand something. (e.g. oh,
ouch!, phew, ahh, aww, eh, oops, ew, oops, etc.)