STRUCTURE & WRITTEN

EXPRESSION
SUBJECT (SUBJEK) VERB (KATA KERJA) ADJECTIVES (KATA ADVERB (KATA
SIFAT) KETERANGAN)
1. Noun (kata benda): 1. 1. Beautiful, 1. Keterangan
Nama orang, book, - Reguler: bentuk handsome, dilligent, tempat:
chair, table, lampau red, yellow, green, - At school, in the bus,
acceptance, credibility, ditambahkan -ed. tired, sleepy, hard, at hospital, under the
etc (dll). Contoh: explain, easy, great, good, chair, on the table,
explained, happy, sad, amazing, here, outside, inside,
explained light, heavy, etc (dll) etc .
- Irregular: drink,
drank, drunk. Eat,
ate, eaten.
2. Phrase (Frasa): 2. To be: 2. Keterangan waktu:
- The yellow card - Am, is, are - On Monday, last
- The girl who reads - Was, were week, today, this
- The computer morning, early
founded in 1989 3. Auxiliary verb : morning, in the night,
- The professor who - will, can, may, usually, often, seldom,,
passed away on must, be, have, sometimes, once in a
Monday has, do, does, shall while, never, etc.
- Would, could,
might, had, did,
should
 Noun (N)

Harry, boy, Verb (V)

wheat
arrive, Adjective (A)
discuss,
melt good, Adverb (Adv)
tall,
silent silently,
slowly,
quietly
Determiner (Det) Auxiliary (Aux)

the, a, this, will, can, may,

these must, be,
have

Conjunction (Con) Preposition (P)

and, but, or to, in, on,

near, at, by
 NOUN (Kata Benda)
Yang abstrak:
prosperity,
dilligence, Yang konkrit:
happiness. book,
cassesette,
clothe.
 Noun Phrase (Frasa Kata Benda)

Kelompok kata yang diakhiri kata benda.

-A library book

-The information -This summer dress

technology
-The rain coat
-College student
-Many air filters
-Economy politics
-Few dinner plates
-Modern society
-Some plastic bags
-Social class
-Five paper bags
 Noun Clauses (Klausa Kata Benda)

• Klausa yang mengandung S (subjek) dan V (verb).

• Fungsinya untuk menggantikan noun (kata benda).
Contoh:
- She believes I can do it
Noun Clause

- I don’t remember they woke up late

Noun Clause

- I know you don’t lie about the news

Noun Clause
VERB & VERB PHRASE
 Subject-Noun-Verb-Agreement

Subject Simple Present

I, you, we, they work / go / drinks /study

He, she, it Works / goes / drinks / studies

He go
Some child

Some dictionary
TENSES
Bentuk Waktu
 Verb & Verb Phrase
SENTENCE TENSE FORMULA USE TO

a. Mother goes to mini a. Simple S+V Tindakan sekarang

market. Present Kebiasaan
Fakta umum

b. Mother is going to mini b. Present S + TO BE + V + Hal yang sedang terjadi sekarang

market. Continuous. ING Hal yang akan datang

c. Mother went to mini c. Simple S + V2 Hal yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu,
market, yesterday at 1.00 Past. (keterangan waktu spesifik)
pm.

d. Larkin has gone to St. Louis d. Present S + HAS/HAVE + Hal yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu,
Perfect. V3 (keterangan waktu tidak spesifik)
Terjadi berkali-kali di masa lalu
Terjadi di masa lalu sampai sekarang
SENTENCE TENSE FORMULA USE TO

e. Mother was going to e. Past S + WAS/WERE + Sesuatu yang sedang terjadi di masa lalu
mini market. Progressive. V-ING

f. Mother had gone to mini f. Past Perfect. S + HAD + V3 Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu
market. setelah/sebelum suatu kejadian

g. Mother will go to mini g. Future. S + WILL + V Yang akan terjadi di masa depan
market.

h. Mother is going to go to h. Be going to. S + TO BE + GOING Yang akan terjadi di masa depan
mini market. TO + V

i. Mother will have gone to i. Future S + WILL + HAVE + Yang akan terjadi di masa depan
mini market. Perfect. V3
Positive and Negative Sentence
They go to work.
They do not go to work

She goes to work.

She does not go to work

We go to work. We don’t go to work.

He … to work. He … to work.
 Question Sentence

They go to work. Do they go to work?

Does she go to work?

She goes to work. Does she go to work?

… I have a
dictionary?

… we … to work?
We go to work.

… he … to work?
He goes to work.
 To be + -ing

Mei is not going into the office.

Mei is going into the office.

Mei, Christin and Dian are

Mei, Christin and Dian are not going
going into the office.
into the office.

You … into the office.

You … into the office.
 Mei is counting the finance
Is Mei counting the finance
report.
report?

Mei, Christin and Dian are going

into the office. Are Mei, Christin and Dian
going into the office?

You are going into the office.

... you … into the office?
ADJECTIVES & ADJECTIVES
PHRASE
 ADJECTIVES (Kata Sifat)

• Menjelaskan atau membatasi noun (kata benda).

Contoh:
- The girl is beautiful.

- I like a polite child.

 Jenis-Jenis Adjectives
Adjectives Examples
AGE (UMUR) old, young, elderly

COLOUR (WARNA) brown, yellow, red

SIZE (UKURAN) big, small, tiny, huge, short,

tall, fat, thin
OPINION (PENDAPAT) beautiful, wonderful, poor,
rich, lazy, dilligent, hard, easy,
funny, serious.
SHAPE (BENTUK) triangular, circular, oval

MATERIAL (BAHAN) wooden, golden, plastic,

steel, pearl.

ORIGIN (ASAL) Asmat, Javanese, Chinese,

England, Indonesia
 ADJECTIVES PHRASES (FRASA
KATA SIFAT)
•Urutan adjectives phrases:
-Opinion + Size + Age + Shape + Colour + Origin + Material
-Contoh:

-Long brown hair A yellow expensive

size colour notebook

-A tough old worker

opinion age A big angry bird

-An extreme long winter

opinion size
I like beautiful tall young slim Indian girl.
O S A S O

-This is a great tiny ancient oval yellow Chinese golden

O S A S C O M
mirror.
PRONOUNS
 PRONOUNS (Kata Ganti)

Subject Pronoun

I You We They hate

They He She Trump.

It
Complement Pronoun
Her article
about facism is Me You Him
posted in
Jakarta Post
Her It
Us You Them
 Possesive Pronouns
Our voices are
ignored.
Mine Yours His
Hers Its Ours
Yours Theirs

Possesive
Adjectives

She forgot her homework and My Your

I forgot mine too. His Her Its
Our Their
EXERCISE
• PRACTICE
• Underline the main subjects and main
verbs!

• 1. My best friend is always helpful with

problems.
• 2. The bus schedule has changed since last
week.
• 3. Accidentally dropped the glass on the
floor.
• 4. The customer paying the clerk for the
clothes.
• 5. The professor handed the syllabus to the
students.
• 6. Each day practiced the piano for hours.
• 7. The basketball player tossed the ball into
the hoop.
• 8. The new student in the class very
talkative and friendly.
• 9. Walking with the children to school.
• 10.The whales headed south for the winter.
MODIFIER
 MODIFIER
• Modifier: kata atau frasa yang
menjelaskan kata atau frasa sebelum
atau sesudahnya.

1. The book /that I read now

/belongs to my father.
2. Every monday, Rina goes to school
on foot.
3. The computer /that my uncle buys
from America/ is very expensive.
4. SBY /president of Indonesian
Republic / gives speech in Istana
Negara today.
5. Snakes have an organ in a pit on
their heads that detects infrared
rays.
6. Helium is not inflammable and is
therefore safer than hydorgen.
GERUND
GERUND
(VERB + ING)
• Contoh: I enjoy studying English
• Fungsi dari Gerund:
1) Sebagai subjek
- Swimming makes us healthy
S V
- Jogging is a good sport
S V
2) Sebagai Objek/Complement:
- Toms enjoys studying
S V O
- My hobby is singing
S V O
3) Mengikuti kata depan (in, on, of, for,
about, after, before, without, by)
- I am interested in learning English
- I am sorry for coming late
- Before leaving, she said nothing
4) Setelah kata ganti milik (my, your,
his, her, our, their, Amir’s, etc).
- Her teaching is fascinating.
- His staring frightens me.
- I hate Tomy’s wearing earings.
5) Setelah kata kerja tertentu.
- admit, appreciate, claim, can’t help,
resume, consider, avoid, delay, deny,
risk, enjoy, finish, quit, resist, suggest,
mind, miss, postpone, practice,
advise, recall, regret, report, recent,
love, forget, hate, like, stop, begin,
remember, continue, try, start.
- Would you mind helping me?
- Do you like traveling ?
- Have you stopped working ?
- He loves playing chesss.
- She forgot celebrating her birthday
here.
RELATIVES PRONOUN
 RELATIVES PRONOUN
RELATIVES FUNGSI EXAMPLE
PRONOUN
WHO Kata ganti orang - The girl is from Australia - The girl who is from
- The girl is my friend Australia is my friend.

WHOSE Kata ganti - The boy has car that is - The boy whose car is red is
kepunyaan red my brother.
- The boy is my brother

THAT/WHICH Kata ganti benda - My father buy the book
- The book is very cheap
- I study at the university
- The university is very
famous.
- The book that my father
buy is very cheap.
- The university which I
study at is very famous.

WHOM Kata ganti objek - I meet the teacher - The teacher whom I meet
- The teacher is very is very friendly.
friendly
CONJUNCTION
 CONJUNCTION
ADDITION CONTRAST RESULT TIME
Also However As a result After a while
Besides On the other hand Consequently Afterwards
Furthermore But Therefore Before
In addition to In contrast to In that case Later
Moreover Meanwhile
Too Then
Previously
During
As
CONJUNCTION

• And, because, if, therefore, when, after, before, other wise, while,
or, but, for, although, that, dll.
 MODALS
MODALS PENGGUNAAN CONTOH KALIMAT

May 1. Permintaan sopan 1. May I borrow your book?

2. Izin formal 2. You may leav the room
3. Kepastian kurang lebih 50% 3. Where is John? He may be at the
library
Might 1. Kepastian kurang lebih 50% 1. Where is John? He might be at
2. Permintaan sopan the library
2. Might I borrow your pen?

Should 1. Anjuran, pendapat, kebaikan 1. I should study tonight

Ought to 1. Anjuran kebaikan 1. I ought to study tonight

MODALS
 MODALS
MODALS PENGGUNAAN CONTOH KALIMAT

Had better 1. Anjuran dengan ancaman akhir 1. You had better be on time, or we
yang buruk will leave you

Must 1. Keperluan yang kuat 1. You must go to class to day

2. Larangan (negatif) 2. You must not open the door
3. Kepastian 95% 3. Marry is not in class. She must
be sick

Will 1. Kepastian 100% 1. He will be there at 6.00

2. Kemauan, sudi 2. The phone is ringing. I will get
3. Permintaan, sopan it.
3. Will you please past the salt?
MODALS

MODALS PENGGUNAAN CONTOH KALIMAT

Can 1. Kemampuan/kemungkinan 1. I can trust you

2. Izin informal 2. You can use my car tomorrow
3. Ketidakmungkinan (khusus negatif) 3. That can’t be true
Could 1. Kemampuan di masa lampau 1. I could run fast when I was a child
2. Permintaan sopan 2. Could I borrow your pen?
Could you help me?
Would 1. Permintaan sopan 1. Would please pass the salt?
2. Pertanyaan sopan untuk membuat 2. Would you mind if I left early?
saran
Shall 1. Digunakan dalam future 1. Sally shall arrive at 9.00
2. Subjeknya I atau We 2. Shall I open the window?
MODALS

MODALS PENGGUNAAN CONTOH KALIMAT

Should 1. Memberi rekomendasi, saran 1. You should study tonight

atau nasihat 2. We should exercise daily
2. Menunjukkan kewajiban 3. Ahmad should go on diet
4. You should see a doctor to
check-up your lungs
MODAL + PERSPECTIVE
(MODAL + HAVE + V3/BEEN)
MODAL + PERSPECTIVE PENGGUNAAN
COULD HAVE 1. Menyatakan hal yang
sebenarnya bisa terjadi di masa
lalu
MIGHT HAVE 1. Menyatakan
kemungkinan/dugaan dari apa
yang mungkin terjadi di masa lalu
KALIMAT
1. He could have eaten ice
cream. (it means he did not
eat the ice cream)
2. She could have asked her
brother to lift the box. (it
means that she lifted the box
her self)
1. His room was still dirty, he might
have forgotten to clean it. (karena
kamarnya masih kotor mungkin
saja ia lupa membersihkannya)
 MODAL + PERSPECTIVE
(MODAL + HAVE + V3/BEEN)
MODAL + PERSPECTIVE PENGGUNAAN KALIMAT

SHOULD HAVE 1.Menyatakan sesuatu yang
seharusnya terjadi di masa lalu,
namun karena satu dan lain hal itu
tidak terjadi lagi.
MUST HAVE 1. Menyatakan kesimpulan logis dari
apa yang terjadi di masa lalu.
1. Serly should have gone to the
party this evening. (it means that
Serly did not go to the party this
evening)
1. The grass is wet. It must have
rained last night.
2. Dian failed in the test. She must
not have studied.
PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE TENSE

a. He plays badminton. a. Badminton is played by him. a. Simple Present

b. He is playing badminton. b. Badminton is being played by him. b. Present Progressive.

c. He has played badminton. c. Badminton has been played by him. c. Present Perfect.

d. He played badminton. d. Badminton was played by him. d. Simple Past.

e. He was playing badminton. e. Badminton was being played by him. e. Past Progressive.

f. He had played badminton. f. Badminton had been played by him. f. Past Perfect.

g. He will play badminton. g. Badminton will be played by him. g. Simple Future.

h. He is going to play badminton. h. Badminton is going to be played by him. h. Be going to.

i. He will have played badminton. i. Badminton will have been played by him. i. Future Perfect.

j. He must playe badminton. j. Badminton must be played by him. j. Modal.

Exercise

1. We have ... in our house. (books/flown)

2. Our friends have ... English. (stories/studied)
3. My father have ... me new camera. (bought/paper)
4. The boys have ... for the holiday. (alot of toys/spoken)

Adjectives-Adverb-Verb-Noun
DON’T GIVE UP!
THANK YOU