Professional Documents
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Life in Madinah
Life in Madinah
3. Settlement of Muhajirin
Muslims in madinah were of two categories one who migrated from Makkah to madinah
were known as Muhajirin and second were Ansar who belonged to madinah and gave
shelter to emigrants (muhajirins).
Holy prophet established brotherhood between these two groups, he told ansar that
muhajirins are in need of help and they should help them, ansars accepted and gave
muhajirins place to live in their houses and treated them as brothers.
Importance
it was to help the people who had migrated
it was an attempt to increase unity among muslims
it was to avoid growth in ecnomic class system in Islamic state
it was also to set an example for the leaders that how they should rule their
people by binding then in bond of brotherhood
it was also to convey the universal concept of brother hood
i. Fasting
Fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory on all adult Muslims in second
year of hijrat.
Words of Quran: "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed
to those before you so that you may (learn) self-resistance" (2:183)
ii. Zakat
The payment of zakat was also made obligatory on all rich Muslims, following words
describe it "And spend of yoursubstance in the cause of Allah,... do good: for
Allah loveth those who do good." (2:195)
An example of Trench
After battle of Uhad Muslims were able to regain their former position, Quraish were
worried about increasing power in Muslims was threat to their Political status.
Jewish tribe Banu Nazir kept plotting against Muslims they asked for help from Quraish
and the agreed to support them they also gain support of Ghatafan and some other
tribes. With an army of ten thousand men under the command of Abu Sufyan, the
marched to Madinah. Holy prophet called companions, Hazrat Salman Farsi (one of the
companions) advised to dig a trench, three sides of Madinah were safe because of
population and oasis, the fourth side was unsafe it was syrian route. Holy prophet
agreed to dig a trench on the side it was open to attack. Banu Quraiza also broke treaty
with Muslims and turned against then, this battle is also called battle of Ahzab. The
siege last for a month in which Muslims need to face hunger, coldness and attacks by
enemies. Allah is always there for believers, one night a blast of cold wind came it blew
enemies tents and their fire were extinguished. Sever sand and rain beat in their faces,
enemies withdrew in utter confusion. Muslims gained victory.
Importance
it was the last battle between Muslims and Quraish which resulted into the
complete destruction of Quraish as they were never able to recover from this defeat.
it exposed the Jewish tribe of Banu Quraiza which had openly joined Quraish
battle proved to be in favor of Muslims
the confidence of Muslims was regained as they saw the devine support given to
them in form of storm
many tribes saw growing power of Islam they either accepted Islam or offered
alliance with the Muslims
Quran contain number of references about this battle
2. Banu Quraiza
Banu Quraiza was a Jewish tribe, in violation of agreement signed with holy prophet,
had helped the enemies of Islam in battle of Ahzab. Holy prophet therefore advanced
against their fortresses and surrounded them. the siege continued for about a month
after which Banu Quraiza surrender.
Sixth year of Hijrat
1. Treaty of Hudaibiya
1. Treaty of Hudaibiya
Bait-e-Rizwan
Holy prophet had a dream that he had entered a sacred Mosque at Makkah. Therefore,
he decided to go Makkah to perform Umrah. Holy prophet with fourteen hundred
unarmed companions set out for Makkah. Quraish did not allowed them to enter
Makkah. Holy prophet therefore stopped at Makkah and sent his companion to Quraish
to tell them that we are unarmed and we want to perform Ummrah. The companion
didn't return then another was sent, when he also didn't came back holy prophet sent
Hazrat Usman. Hazrat Usman also didn't came back rumor spread that he is killed.
Then holy prophet collected all of his followers under the oasis of Rizwan. He took from
them oath that they would lay down their lives in the name of Allah. This oath is known
as Bait-e-Rizwan.
Quraish were disturbed when they heard of this they decided to sign a treaty (Treaty of
Hudaibiya) with Muslims. It had following terms:
1. Muslims would return to Madinah that year
2. They would be permitted to come for pilgrimage next year but would stay only for
three days in Makkah
3. if Quraish from Makkah would join Muslim without permission of their guardians
they would be sent back, but if Muslims from Madinah went to Makkah will not be sent
back
4. there would be no fighting for ten years
many of Muslims including Hazrat Usman were not happy with terms because the terms
were very harsh and against the interests of Muslims.
Importance
peace was established between Makkah and Madinah
holy prophet sent letter out of Arabia so Islam was Propagated
Quran called this victory
Muslims got chance to visit Makkah
it led to conquest of Makkah
Chance to perform Umrah
Khyber expedition
Seventh year of Hijrat (630 AD)
1. Massage of Islam to Kings and Emperors
2. Khyber Expedition
3. Relations Between Prophet and Jews
4. Performance of Umrah
1. Massage of Islam to Kings and Emperors
Now holy prophet decided to sent invitation to neighboring kings and emperors.
Among those to whom the holy prophet sent his letter were:
1. Heracuils, the roman Emperor: He had read out later sent by holy prophet.
Later sent to Abu Sufyan who was enemy of holy prophet, he was greatly impressed.
He didn't accepted but sent a polite letter to holy prophet.
2. Chosroes, Emperor of Persia: He insulted holy prophets messenger and tore
the letter into pieces. When holy prophet heard that he said his kingdom would soon be
broken, and that happened. His own son killed him and ascended the throne but after
sometime drank poison and died.
3. Negus, Emperor of Abyssinia: He was impressed and embraced the Islam and
sent some presents to holy prophet
4. Cyrus, Ruler of Egypt: He treated holy prophets messenger with a great honor
and sent some presents these include Hazrat Maria whom holy prophet later married
and a horse name Duldul. He did not embraced Islam.
5. The Rulers of Bahrain and Oman: Both of them embraced Islam.
2. Khyber expedition
Banu nazir and Jewish tribe after being exiled from Madinah kept plotting againts
muslims they were supported by Ghatafan tribe and Hypocrites of Madinah.
When they came to know about Muslims terms with Quraish they thought Muslims had
got weak, they began to prepare to attack on Muslims. When Jews saw Muslims army
under the command of Holy prophet at Khyber, Jews shut themselves in their seven
well-guarded fortresses. Jews then from their fortresses showered arrows over Muslims,
Holy prophet commanded to attack. Muslims captured all fortresses without any
difficulty, but fight continued for twenty days when they reach fort Qamus which was
strongest fort. Seeing Muslims army under the command of Hazrat Ali and Mahrab
Jews warrior came out of the fort to fight Hazrat Ali killed him in first attack and then
Jews got to surrender and Muslims captured the fort.
1. Battle of Mutah
The holy prophet sent and message with a letter to Roman Emperor who was Christian.
Messenger was killed at Mutah, place in Syria. Holy prophet sent and army of three
thousand Muslims. One by one different leaders were sent to due to deaths. Muslims
army under command of Khalid bin Walid defeated enemy.
2. Conquest of Makkah
After the treaty of Hudaibiya Khuza tribe joined Muslims, while Banu Bakr became ally
of Quraish. One of the terms of the treaty were that neither party would fight an ally of
other party. Quraish along Banu Bakr killed men of Banu Khuza. Deputation of Banu
Khuza asked for the help from holy prophet. Holy prophet sent message to Quraish
offering them three alternatives:
1. To pay blood money for the men of Banu Khuza.
2. To dissolve their alliance with Banu Bakr.
3. To declare that treaty of Hudaibiya stood dissolved.
Quraish chose third options. Muslims had no other option other than to fight. Holy
prophet declared order of jihad.
Holy prophet with and army of ten thousand reach Makkah on 10th of Ramazan. Holy
prophet divided his army in four groups and gave them instructions that don't attack
unless they were attacked. Unit under the command of Khalid bin walid was attacked by
Banu Bakr and also by some of hostile Quraish.
Before entering Makkah holy prophet announced a general pardon that people who laid
down their arms would be safe and that anyone who closed the door of his house will be
safe. Entry of holy prophet's army in Makkah was very peaceful. Holy prophet
preformed Tawaf, after that Prophet ordered destruction of idols placed in Ka'abah by
non-believers. When holy prophet came out of Ka'abah there was huge crowd of
Quraish including holy prophets bitterest enemies.
Holy prophet asked them what treatment they could except at his hands. They cried out:
"You are our noble brother"
On this, the Holy prophet said, "there shall be no reproach against you this day, go, you
are free!"
Importance
It opened a new era in Islam
It settled struggle for supremacy in Arabia
Prophet Muhammad's position was elevated to a paramount position.
Many people came in crowds to embrace Islam
Holy prophet stayed for fifteen days in which many tribes came to embrace Islam
3.Siege to Taif
After their defeat at Hunain, Some of enemies took refuge at Taif. The Holy Prophet
deputed a small army which defeated them and captured many of them. There after
Holy Prophet proceeded with his army and laid seige to the fortresses in which they had
taken refuge. The seige continued for twenty days after which it lifted. In 9 A.H., whole
taif embraced Islam.
1. Tabuk Expedition
In 9th A.H. Holy Prophet recived information that the Roman Emperor had organised a
huge army which the Emperor himself was comanding and had arravied near the
frontier. Holy Prophet ordered for preprations to be made to meet his challange.
Problems were:
At that time famine in Hejaz
Scarcity of water in Madinah and surrounding areas
Intense Heat
It was the time of ripening of fruits and plucking of dates
Arms and equipments for fighting the large army of Roman Emperor was not available
For these reasons this is called Expedition of Straitness.
Holy Prophet made an appeal for donations. On which Hazrat Usaman gave one
thousand gold dinars and three hundred camels laden with grains. Hazrat Umar gave
half of his cash, household and cattle and Hazrat Abu Bakr donated everything that he
had, Other Arabs made excuses to not to accompanying the Muslim army.
Holy Prophet with army of thirty thousand men and encamped at Tabuk. The strength of
army demoralised the Romans who dispersed without any fighting. Holy Prophet remain
at Tabuk for twenty days in which number of tribes came to embrace Islam. Tabuk
Expedition was last military expedition in which Holy Prophet personally took part.
2. Reasons why the Holy Prophet had to fight against the Quraish
In 2nd year of Hijrat Muslims were given permission to fight (Jihad) by Allah. Holy
Prophet thought necessary to fight with Quraish in Battle of Badr if Muslims had not
fought them in self-defence, the small number of Muslims would have been killed and
Islam would have been wiped out from the earth forever. Quraish were the great
ememies of Islam and it was necessary to put them down in order to spread Islam.
1. Year of Deputations
10th year of Hijrat is called Year of Deputations because numerous tribes of Arabia
came to Holy Prophet to join Allahs faith.
2. Farewell Pilgrimage
This was the most important event of 10th year of Hijrat. Holy prophet sent his
messengers to all parts of Arabia to inform Muslims that holy prophet had invited them
to accompany him to perform Pilgrimage. Holy prophet left Madinah on the 25th of
Ziqad, 10 A.H., in the company of one hundred fourteen thousand of his followers; all
his wives accompanied him.