Topic: Madni life of Holy Prophet (SAW)

Submitted TO: Sir Rahim Ullah

Submitted By

• Daim khan
• Shahid Ijaz
• Sohail Hassan
• Junaid Qadir
• Hummal khan
• Maha Arshad
Class: 3A (Afternoon)

National university of modern languages/Islamabad

 Life in Madinah

First year of hijrat (624 AD)

1. Mosque of holy prophet

2. Azan
3. Settlement of Muhajirin
4. Treaty with Jews

1. Mosque of holy prophet

this was the first important thing that holy prophet did. The land for the mosque
was bought from two orphans and Holy prophet with his companions worked
very hard to complete the construction of the mosque. This mosque was known
as "Mosque of holy prophet" or as masjid-e-nabawi.
The walls of mosque were made of unbaked bricks and the roof of mud and date
palm leaves, trunks of date palm trees were used as pillars.
Large platform was made in the corner with thatched roof. This is known
as Suffah. It became a training center of Islamic education and also shelter for
poor Muslims.
Importance
• Muslims now had a place of worship in congregation
• this mosque became center of education
• mosque was also social community center where Muslims would gather
• it was also a military center as all disscusion were made here
• it also initially served as a court as the legal matters were also decided
there
• the mosque had house of holy prophet attached to it

2. Azan (call for prayers)

In order to call Muslims for offering congregational prayers Azan was introduced,
as suggested by Hazrat Umar. Hazrat Bilal was appointed as Muezzin.

3. Settlement of Muhajirin
Muslims in madinah were of two categories one who migrated from Makkah to
madinah were known as Muhajirin and second were Ansar who belonged to
madinah and gave shelter to emigrants (muhajirins).Holy prophet established
brotherhood between these two groups, he told ansar that muhajirins are in need
of help and they should help them, ansars accepted and gave muhajirins place to
live in their houses and treated them as brothers.
Importance
• it was to help the people who had migrated
• it was an attempt to increase unity among Muslims
• it was to avoid growth in economic class system in Islamic state
• it was also to set an example for the leaders that how they should rule
their people by binding then in bond of brotherhood
• it was also to convey the universal concept of brother hood

4. Treaty with Jews

There were three major tribes of Jews: Banu Qainaiqa, Banu
nazir and Banu Quraiza. Holy prophet realized that foundation of Islamic empire
would be very weak without the support of all people of madinah. Particularly
Muslims had threat from Quraish. Then holy prophet called Muslims and Jewish
tribes for a consultation. He invited them to consider any system for safety of
madinah. After exchange of views agreement reached equal rights. It stated that
the Muslims and Jews were allies and would help each other and in case of attack
on madinah both would defend it.
Importance
• The holy prophet was able to prevent the rise of hostility between Muslims
and Jews the way it had been in Makkah between Muslims and quraish.
• this set an example for Muslims that how they can set peace between non-
Muslims under their rule
• the treaty gave Muslims hope as both Muslims and Jews would defend
madinah if any attack was done on madinah
• the status of holy prophet was raised quiet high as he was recognized as
undispute leader by the people of madinah

Second Year of Hijrat (625 AD)

1. Four orders (Fasting, Zakat, Change of qiblah and Permission of Jihad)
2. Battle of Badar
1. Orders
i. Fasting

Fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory on all adult Muslims in
second year of hijrat.
Words of Quran: "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was
prescribed to those before you so that you may (learn) self-resistance" (2:183.
ii. Zakat
The payment of zakat was also made obligatory on all rich Muslims, following
words describe it "And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah,... do good:
for Allah loves those who do good." (2:195)

iii. Change of Qiblah

Qiblah is the direction where Muslims turns their faces
while offering prayer. In Makkah Muslims used to face Masjid Al-Aqsa and they
did same in madinah for over 16 months. In2 A.H. while holy prophet was
leading Asr prayers he was ordered to face towards ka'abah, this became the
religious center for Muslims.
iv. Permission of Jihad
Jihad is struggle in the way of Allah or to express struggle
against one's evil inclinations or exertion for the sake of Islam and the Muslim
Ummah.

2. Battle of Badar (causes and events)

In Makah holy prophet had only one enemy to deal with Quraish who eventually
forced holy prophet to migrate from makkah. But then in Madinah He had to face
three enemies firstly Quraish, secondly Jews who later started to break every
treaty done with Muslims they began to intrigue and the third were Hypocrites or
the Munafiqin who had accepted Islam but worked against Muslims.
Allah had already gave permission to muslims for jihad. When the holy prophet
got news that Quraish was advancing to madinah to attack, holy prophet called
muslims to defend there were three hundred and thirteen men with two horses
and two camels. Both tribes met at Badr (a village eighty mile away from
Madinah). Quraish were in thousands and well equipped, they came with huge
quantity of food. On the side of muslim there was no water available. Battle
began holy prophet prostrated to Allah and asked for help, suddenly huge rainfall
and Muslims collected water.
Allah granted victory to Muslims. seventy Quraish were killed and seventy were
 taken as prisoners. Muslims lost only fourteen people.
Importance
• this made Muslims base stronger
• this showed that not only equipments are necessary to win but truth can
• holy Quran describes this day as 'day of testing' in 8:41
• Position of Muslims became stronger
• strength of Quraish was broken
• many unbelievers accepted Islam
• Influence of Islam and holy prophet began outside of Madinah
• As Quran describes it sign of Allah 3:13

Third year of Hijrat (624 AD)

1. Battle of Uhad
1. Battle of Uhad
After Muslims gain victory in battle of Badr, Islam gained strong base in Madinah
and importance of city began to rise. Quraish considered the rise in Muslims as
threat to their political interests, they also wanted to avenge their deaths.
Quraish attacked Muslims. Why did they attacked? Because:
Uhad Jabal
• Some of Quraish people had been killed in Battle of Badr, they wanted to
avenge their deaths
• They feared that might their economic and political status come to decline.
• They did not want Muslims to get in majority
Finally fully armed force of three thousand men left Makkah for Madinah. Holy
prophet and his companions decided to meet enemies out of Madinah, three
miles away from Madinah, Quraish they camped at foot hills known as Uhad. Holy
prophet advanced with one thousand companions. Abdullah bin Ubbay with three
hundred companions excused that holy prophet has turned down his decision of
fighting. Holy prophet left with seven hundred men. Later after the fight began
when archers saw enemy retreating they left their post for collecting the booty,
Khalid bin Walid the head of enemies attacked from behind and Muslims were in
confusion. Enemies raised a cry that holy prophet was killed, Muslims left the
fight and then holy prophet called out companions to come back, now their
support had increased and were rallied.
Both parties were exhausted, soon each army prepared to leave and fight ended.
Ladies went to give water to wounded soldiers in battlefield.
 Importance
• Muslims realized that victory is not only their right.
• Muslims realized they should not expect to win all battles
• This battle showed that decision should be made when majority accepts
certain decision, As done by holy prophet, he wanted to fight inside Madinah but he
agreed on what others agreed
• This battle distinguished true believers from hypocrites..
Fourth Year of Hijrat (627 AD)
1. Banu Nazir
1. Banu Nazir
Banu nazir tribe of Jews plotted to kill holy prophet. Holy prophet sent them
massage to leave madinah in ten days, they refused and shut them selves in
fortresses. Holy prophet led and army against them and laid siege to their forts.
After siege of two weeks they surrendered and were exiled from Madinah.

Fifth Year of Hijrat (628 AD)

1. Battle of Trench
2. Banu Quraiza
1. Battle of Trench

After battle of Uhad Muslims were able to regain their former position, Quraish
were worried about increasing power in Muslims was threat to their Political
status.
Jewish tribe Banu Nazir kept plotting against Muslims they asked for help from
Quraish and the agreed to support them they also gain support of Ghatafan and
some other tribes. With an army of ten thousand men under the command of Abu
Sufyan, the marched to Madinah. Holy prophet called companions, Hazrat Salman
Farsi (one of the companions) advised to dig a trench, three sides of Madinah
were safe because of population and oasis, the fourth side was unsafe it was
syrian route. Holy prophet agreed to dig a trench on the side it was open to
attack. Banu Quraiza also broke treaty with Muslims and turned against then, this
battle is also called battle of Ahzab. The siege last for a month in which Muslims
need to face hunger, coldness and attacks by enemies. Allah is always there for
believers, one night a blast of cold wind came it blew enemies tents and their fire
were extinguished. Sever sand and rain beat in their faces, enemies withdrew in
utter confusion. Muslims gained victory.
 Importance
• it was the last battle between Muslims and Quraish which resulted into the
complete destruction of Quraish as they were never able to recover from this defeat.
• it exposed the Jewish tribe of Banu Quraiza which had openly joined Quraish
• battle proved to be in favor of Muslims
• the confidence of Muslims was regained as they saw the devine support
given to them in form of storm
• many tribes saw growing power of Islam they either accepted Islam or
offered alliance with the Muslims
• Quran contain number of references about this battle
2. Banu Quraiza
Banu Quraiza was a Jewish tribe, in violation of agreement signed with holy
prophet, had helped the enemies of Islam in battle of Ahzab. Holy prophet
therefore advanced against their fortresses and surrounded them. the siege
continued for about a month after which Banu Quraiza surrender.

Sixth year of Hijrat

1. Treaty of Hudaibiya

1. Treaty of Hudaibiya

Holy prophet had a dream that he had entered a sacred

Mosque at Makkah. Therefore, he decided to go Makkah to perform Umrah. Holy
prophet with fourteen hundred unarmed companions set out for Makkah.
Quraish did not allowed them to enter Makkah. Holy prophet therefore stopped
at Makkah and sent his companion to Quraish to tell them that we are unarmed
and we want to perform Umrah. The companion didn't return then another was
sent, when he also didn't came back holy prophet sent Hazrat Usman. Hazrat
Usman also didn't came back rumor spread that he is killed. Then holy prophet
collected all of his followers under the oasis of Rizwan. He took from them oath
that they would lay down their lives in the name of Allah. This oath is known
as Bait-e-Rizwan.
Quraish were disturbed when they heard of this they decided to sign a treaty
(Treaty of Hudaibiya) with Muslims. It had following terms:
1. Muslims would return to Madinah that year
 2. They would be permitted to come for pilgrimage next year but would
stay only for three days in Makkah
3. if Quraish from Makkah would join Muslim without permission of
their guardians they would be sent back, but if Muslims from Madinah
went to Makkah will not be sent back
4. there would be no fighting for ten years
many of Muslims including Hazrat Usman were not happy with terms because the
terms were very harsh and against the interests of Muslims.

Importance
• peace was established between Makkah and Madinah
• holy prophet sent letter out of Arabia so Islam was Propagated
• Quran called this victory
• Muslims got chance to visit Makkah
• it led to conquest of Makkah
• Chance to perform Umrah
• Khyber expedition

Seventh year of Hijrat (630 AD)

1. Massage of Islam to Kings and Emperors

2. Khyber Expedition
3. Performance of umrah
1. Massage of Islam to Kings and Emperors
Now holy prophet decided to sent invitation to neighboring kings and emperors.
Among those to whom the holy prophet sent his letter were:

1. Heracuils, the roman Emperor

2. Chosroes, Emperor of Persia
3. Negus, Emperor of Abyssinia
4. Cyrus, Ruler of Egypt
5. The Rulers of Bahrain and Oman

2. Khyber expedition
Banu nazir and Jewish tribe after being exiled from Madinah kept plotting against
Muslims they were supported by Ghatafan tribe and Hypocrites of Madinah.
When they came to know about Muslims terms with Quraish they thought
Muslims had got weak, they began to prepare to attack on Muslims. When Jews
saw Muslims army under the command of Holy prophet at Khyber, Jews shut
themselves in their seven well-guarded fortresses. Jews then from their fortresses
showered arrows over Muslims, Holy prophet commanded to attack. Muslims
captured all fortresses without any difficulty, but fight continued for twenty days
when they reach fort Qamus which was strongest fort. Seeing Muslims army
under the command of Hazrat Ali and Mahrab Jews warrior came out of the fort
to fight Hazrat Ali killed him in first attack and then Jews got to surrender and
Muslims captured the fort.

Performance of Umrah
According to treaty of Hudaibiya, Muslims can perform Umrah next year. So holy
prophet told his companions to not take any arms with them and they were
allowed to enter Makkah. After three days in Makkah the left for Madinah.

Eighth Year of Hijrat ( 631 AH)

1. Battle of Mutah
2. Conquest of Makkah
3. Siege to Taif

1. Battle of Mutah
The holy prophet sent and message with a letter to Roman Emperor who was
Christian. Messenger was killed at Mutah, place in Syria. Holy prophet sent and
army of three thousand Muslims. One by one different leaders were sent to due
to deaths. Muslims army under command of Khalid bin Walid defeated enemy.

2. Conquest of Makkah
After the treaty of Hudaibiya Khuza tribe joined Muslims, while Banu Bakr became
ally of Quraish. One of the terms of the treaty were that neither party would fight
an ally of other party. Quraish along Banu Bakr killed men of Banu Khuza.
Deputation of Banu Khuza asked for the help from holy prophet. Holy prophet
sent message to Quraish offering them three alternatives:
1. To pay blood money for the men of Banu Khuza.
2. To dissolve their alliance with Banu Bakr.
 3. To declare that treaty of Hudaibiya stood dissolved.
Quraish chose third options. Muslims had no other option other than to fight.
Holy prophet declared order of jihad.
Holy prophet with and army of ten thousand reach Makkah on 10th of Ramazan.
Holy prophet divided his army in four groups and gave them instructions that
don't attack unless they were attacked. Unit under the command of Khalid bin
walid was attacked by Banu Bakr and also by some of hostile Quraish.
Before entering Makkah holy prophet announced a general pardon that people
who laid down their arms would be safe and that anyone who closed the door of
his house will be safe. Entry of holy prophet's army in Makkah was very peaceful.
Holy prophet preformed Tawaf, after that Prophet ordered destruction of idols
placed in Ka'abah by non-believers. When holy prophet came out of Ka'abah
there was huge crowd of Quraish including holy prophets bitterest enemies.
Holy prophet asked them what treatment they could except at his hands. They
cried out:
"You are our noble brother"
On this, the Holy prophet said, "there shall be no reproach against you this day,
go, you are free!"
Importance
• It opened a new era in Islam
• It settled struggle for supremacy in Arabia
• Prophet Muhammad's position was elevated to a paramount position.
• Many people came in crowds to embrace Islam
• Holy prophet stayed for fifteen days in which many tribes came to embrace
Islam
3.Siege to Taif
After their defeat at Hunain, Some of enemies took refuge at Taif. The Holy
Prophet deputed a small army which defeated them and captured many of them.
There after Holy Prophet proceeded with his army and laid seige to the fortresses
in which they had taken refuge. The seige continued for twenty days after which it
lifted. In 9 A.H., whole taif embraced Islam.

Ninth Year of Hijrat (632 AD)

1. Tabuk Expedition
2. Reasons of fights with Quraish

1. Tabuk Expedition
In 9th A.H. Holy Prophet recived information that the Roman Emperor had
organised a huge army which the Emperor himself was comanding and had
arrived near the frontier. Holy Prophet ordered for preprations to be made to
meet his challange.
Problems were:
At that time famine in Hejaz
Scarcity of water in Madinah and surrounding areas
Intense Heat
It was the time of ripening of fruits and plucking of dates
Arms and equipments for fighting the large army of Roman Emperor was not
available
For these reasons this is called Expedition of Straitness.
Holy Prophet made an appeal for donations. On which Hazrat Usaman gave one
thousand gold dinars and three hundred camels laden with grains. Hazrat Umar
gave half of his cash, household and cattle and Hazrat Abu Bakr donated
everything that he had, Other Arabs made excuses to not to accompanying the
Muslim army.
Holy Prophet with army of thirty thousand men and encamped at Tabuk. The
strength of army demoralized the Romans who dispersed without any fighting.
Holy Prophet remain at Tabuk for twenty days in which number of tribes came to
embrace Islam. Tabuk Expedition was last military expedition in which Holy
Prophet personally took part.

2. Reasons why the Holy Prophet had to fight against the Quraish
In 2nd year of Hijrat Muslims were given permission to fight (Jihad) by Allah. Holy
Prophet thought necessary to fight with Quraish in Battle of Badr if Muslims had
not fought them in self-defenses, the small number of Muslims would have been
killed and Islam would have been wiped out from the earth forever. Quraish were
the great enemies of Islam and it was necessary to put them down in order to
spread Islam.

Tenth Year of Hijrat (633 AD)

1. Year of deputations
2. Farewell Pilgrimage
3. Sermon of the Holy Prophet

1. Year of Deputations
10th year of Hijrat is called Year of Deputations because numerous tribes of
Arabia came to Holy Prophet to join Allah faith.

2. Farewell Pilgrimage
This was the most important event of 10th year of Hijrat. Holy prophet sent his
messengers to all parts of Arabia to inform Muslims that holy prophet had invited
them to accompany him to perform Pilgrimage. Holy prophet left Madinah on the
25th of Ziqad, 10 A.H., in the company of one hundred fourteen thousand of his
followers; all his wives accompanied him.

3. Sermon of The Holy Prophet

holy prophet gave his last sermon on Plain of Arfat on Jabal-e-Rehmat. His last
sermon highlighted the rights of women status and how to treat them, he
explained it to people.
Holy Prophet also covered and explained Reforms about social and economic
living life style.
Holy prophet said that we are Adams generation , he gave message to establish
brotherhood and he said that don't make differences between yourself of cast,
color or status. By this message women were given their rights and brotherhood
was established. Holy prophet said this may be my last message and Hajj because
I have completed my mission of spreading Islam and Allah messages.

Eleventh year of Hijrat (634 AD)

1. Illness and Death

By the eleventh year of Hijrat, paith prevailed all over Arabia and peace was
established. In the month of Safar, the Holy Prophet became ill then later he
shifted to the apartment of Hazrat Aisha. After the illness of thirteen days, he
breathed his last on 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal. His age at the time of death was 63
years. He was buried in the apartment of Hazrat
Aisha.