Q23,

p99Pr
obl
em 23

At
oAl
ii
sashop-
keeperwhosebusi
nessi
slocat
edonChur
chi
l
lRoadi
nAddi
sAbaba.Hemade

acont
ractwi
thAt
oMohammedani
mpor
ter…f
ort
hemont
hlydel
i
ver
yoft
ext
il
egoods.I
nthe

cont
racti
twasagr
eedbybot
hpar
ti
est
hatt
hegoodswoul
dbedel
i
ver
edt
oAt
oAl
i
’shouseon

t
heBol
eRoadandt
hatal
lcor
respondencewoul
dbedi
rect
edt
her
eal
so.At
oMohammedsenta

not
etoAt
oAl
i
’sshi
ponChur
chi
l
lRoadgi
vi
ngnot
icet
hatt
her
ewoul
dbedel
aysi
nthedel
i
ver
yof

t
hegoodsi
nthef
utur
eandadv
isi
ngAt
oAl
ithati
twashi
sri
ghtt
ocancel
thecont
racti
fhe

wi
shed.At
oAl
idi
dnotcancel
thecont
ractbutwhent
hegoodswer
edel
i
ver
edher
efusedt
opay

t
hef
ull
pri
cef
ort
hem becauseoft
hedel
ayAt
oMohammedpr
otest
edt
hathehadwar
nedoft
he

del
ayandgi
venAt
oAl
itheopt
ionofcancel
i
ngt
hecont
ract
.At
oAl
irepl
i
edt
hathehadi
gnor
ed

t
hel
ett
erasi
tshoul
dhav
ebeensentt
otheBol
eRoad.

a)Adv
iseAt
oMohammed

b)Woul
ditmakeanydi
ff
erencei
fAt
oMohammedhadnotagr
eedt
o

addr
essal
lcor
respondencet
otheBol
eRoad?

ANSWER:
Regar
dingourcase,
AtoAl
itheshopkeeperandAt
oMohammedt
hei
mpor
teragr
eed

t
ofaci
l
ethei
rbusi
nessact
ivi
ty.I
ndoi
ngsoAt
oMohammedst
ipul
atedhi
sresi
denceandt
hey

notonl
yexpr
essl
yagr
eedt
odel
i
vergoodsonl
ythr
oughBol
eRoad,
butal
sot
hatal
l

cor
respondencebedi
rect
edt
her
es.But
tressi
ngt
hiscasebyar
ti
cle182whi
chgi
vesf
reedom t
o

appr
obat
ivepar
tyt
obeofhi
sownchoi
ce,
asl
ongashehasnotexpr
essl
yagr
eedt
her
eint
odo

t
hecount
ry.Asamat
teroff
actt
heyar
eoft
hel
atercondi
ti
oni
.et
heyagr
eedexpr
essl
ytodot
he

except
ion.Thef
actt
hatAt
oMohammedexpl
i
cit
lyagr
eedt
ohav
eacor
respondencet
hrough

Bol
eRoadcompel
himt
oabi
debyanagr
eementandhecan'
tandhasnor
ightt
ocancel
ashe

wi
shes.

b)
.Yeah!t
her
ewoul
dbef
reedom t
oAt
oMohammedhadn'
theent
eredi
ntocont
ract
.

Hemayathi
sopt
ion,
consi
derasbei
ngt
her
esi
denceoft
heot
hercont
ract
ingpar
tyei
ther
t
heact
ual
resi
denceoft
hel
att
erort
her
esi
dencewhi
chhasbeenst
ipul
ated.Ar
ti
cle182/
2

Q2,
p133At
o“A”hasawi
feandsev
enchi
l
drenagedt
hreet
osev
ent
een.Hehasnomeansof

suppor
ti
nghi
sfami
l
y.Hecameacr
ossacer
tai
noppor
tuni
tyandagr
eedt
osel
loneofhi
s

ki
dney
stoapat
ientMr
.B,
whoi
squi
tef
ami
l
iarwi
thsuchunder
groundpr
act
icesi
nhi
scount
ry.

Whi
l
eDr
.Xwasunder
taki
ngt
heduepr
epar
ati
onf
ort
heki
dneyt
ranspl
ant
ati
on,
Mr.Y(
whoi
sMr
.

B’
sbusi
nessadv
ersar
y)i
nter
venedandi
nvokedt
hei
nvi
olabi
l
ityofAt
oA’
sint
egr
it
yofbody

pur
suantt
oAr
ti
cle18oft
heCi
vi
lCode.

a)CanMr
.Ysucceed?

b)Howdoy
ouseet
hel
egal
i
tyofbl
ooddonat
ion?Woul
dyour

opi
nionbedi
ff
erentwi
thr
egar
dtosal
eofone’
sbl
oodf
orbl
ood

t
ransf
usi
on?

ANSWER:
a)Hecan'
tsucceed.Why
?Thecaseathandi
sal
laboutr
esci
ndi
nganactconcer
ning

di
sposi
ngofone'
sbody
.Ar
ti
cle19/
1gi
vest
hepowert
orev
okeatanyt
imet
otheper
sont
hus

di
sposi
ng,
nott
othet
hir
dpar
ty.Thoughhei
nter
venedi
nthecasehecan'
tsucceed,
thel
aw

doesn'
tl
ethi
m doso.Soi
shi
sfai
l
ure.

b)
.Thewor
dint
egr
it
yandser
iousi
njur
yinar
ti
cle18ar
eofgr
eati
mpor
tance.I
tmaybeasof'

compl
ete,
whol
e'.Fore.
gmanhast
woey
eswhi
chi
sconsi
der
edi
ntegr
alorcompl
ete,
the

del
i
ber
atel
ossofoneorbot
hofwhi
chi
sincompl
eteorpar
ti
alandt
hisaf
fect
ingt
hei
ntegr
it
y

humanbody
.Comi
ngbackt
obl
ood,
ther
epr
oduci
blebodyofl
i
feandwhi
chonl
yst
aysi
nbody

f
orspeci
fi
edt
ime.Thi
showev
erdoesn'
tmeant
hatbl
oodi
sext
raneous.

Tot
heext
entt
hatwhati
slef
tist
ooenought
osuppor
tinaheal
thcondi
ti
on,
andt
husnot

af
fect
ingbodyi
ntegr
it
y.Of
fer
ingbl
oodf
orsal
edoesn'
tcausemi
chsev
erepr
obl
em ,
ast
heycan

r
epl
aceeacht
ime,
thant
hatofof
fer
ingt
hosepar
tswhi
chcan'
tmaket
hemsel
vesanew.

Thel
egal
stat
us,
undercer
tai
nreser
vat
ion,
oft
hisacti
snor
mal
thanot
hercases.

Q45,
p167Pr
obl
em 45

Ey
assuwasami
norwhohadi
nher
it
edaconsi
der
abl
eamountofmoneyf
rom hi
sgr
andf
ather
.
Att
heageofsi
xteenhemadeawi
l
lpr
ovi
dingf
ort
hedi
str
ibut
ionoft
hemoneyt
ocer
tai
n

speci
fi
edchar
it
iesi
ntheev
entofhi
sdeat
h.Hedi
edl
atert
haty
ear
.Theper
sonswhowoul
d

i
nher
iti
ntheabsenceofawi
l
l(i
fEy
assuhaddi
edi
ntest
ate)seekt
ohav
ethewi
l
ldecl
ared

i
nval
i
dfori
ncapaci
ty.

I
sthewi
l
lval
i
d?

ANSWER:Thi
squest
ioni
sanswer
ednegat
ivel
yinnoway
s.Baseduponar
ti
cle308/
2

Whi
chst
ates"
Ami
normaymakeawi
l
lal
onewhenheat
tai
n15y
ear
s."Soi
ncapaci
tycan'
tbe

i
nvokedt
odecl
aret
hewi
l
linv
ali
dashei
sof16y
ear
sofage.Sot
hewi
l
lisv
ali
d.

Q3,
p226.Reappear
anceofabsent
eemayi
mpugnt
henewmar
ri
ageofhi
s/herspouse.Or
,it

maynotaf
fectt
hev
ali
dit
yoft
henewmar
ri
age.Di
scuss,
andgi
veexampl
es.

ANSWER:
Ther
ear
ecaseswher
ethemar
ri
ageoft
hespousei
simpugnedandcase(
s)wher
e

ev
ent
hatcr
it
ici
sm pr
oducenoef
fect

Casei
.subj
ect
ionofmar
ri
aget
oimpugnment
=>t
hisoccur
sint
wocases.Fi
rstt
heabsent
ee

al
way
simpugnonhi
sreappear
ance.Second,
thepubl
i
cpr
osecut
ormayal
soi
mpugnunder

suchci
rcumst
anceas,
ifpr
ovesi
nani
ndi
sput
abl
emannert
hatt
heabsent
eei
sal
i
veont
heon

whi
cht
heact
ioni
sinst
it
uted.

Casei
iwhenabsencei
susedasser
iousgr
oundofdi
vor
ce=>i
nthi
scasear
ti
cle670/
boft
heCC

Fr
om t
hispr
ovi
sionwhenabsencej
udi
cial
l
ydecl
aredandi
sthecausef
ordi
vor
ce,
eveni
fthe

absent
eer
eappear
edandi
mpugn,
itdoesn'
taf
fectt
hemar
ri
age.

At
oTasf
ehasbeendeclaredabsentbycour
tandhi
swi
feWoi
zer
oWoi
nashetgotmar
ri
edt
o
At
oBeka(amont
hafterthecourt
’sdecl
arat
ion

ofabsence)bel
i
evi
ngt
hatherpr
evi
ousmar
ri
agewi
thAt
oTasf
ehasbeendi
ssol
vedowi
ngt
o

Ar
ti
cl
e75/
aoft
heRev
isedFami
l
yCode(
163/
1oft
heCi
vi
lCode)
.At
oTasf
eisent
it
ledt
o

i
mpugnt
henewmar
ri
ageuponhi
sreappear
ance(
163/
2).I
finst
eadWoi
zer
oWoi
nasheti
nvokes

t
hedecl
arat
ionofAt
oTasf
e'sabsenceasser
iousgr
oundf
ordi
vor
ce(
670/
b)andobt
ains
j
udgmentofdi
vor
ce,
themar
ri
agesheconcl
udest
her
eaf
terr
emai
nsv
ali
ddespi
tet
he

r
eappear
anceofherf
ormerhusband,
AtoTasf
e.Absenceshoul
dal
sobeal
l
owedasl
egi
ti
mat
e

gr
oundf
ordi
vor
ceundert
heRev
isedFami
l
yCodet
hatdoesn’
tst
atel
i
stofcausesf
ordi
vor
ce

underAr
ti
cles76and81.