Evsjv FVLV

Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 49 # evsjv e¨vKiY
evsjv fvlv
bZzb wm‡jev‡mi Av‡jv‡K 35-43Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi cixÿvi cÖkœ we‡kølY
wm‡jev‡mi Uwc‡Ki
bvg
cÖ‡qvM-AccÖ‡qvM
35
-
36
-
37
1
KZZg wewmGm?
38
1
40
1
41
-
43
-
44
1
evsjv fvlv
evbvb I evK¨ ïw× 3 - 2 2 - 2 1 1
cwifvlv 1 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 wm‡jev‡mi 13wU UwcK
mgv_©K kã 2 1 2 1 - 2 1 1 cÖ‡qvM-AccÖ‡qvM
wecixZv_©K kã 1 - - 1 1 - - - evbvb I evK¨ ïw×
aŸwb 2 2 2 1 1 3 1
cwifvlv mgv_©K kã
eY© - 2 - 1 - 2 - -
wecixZv_©K aŸwb
kã 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 2
kã
c` 1 2 - - - - - -
eY© kã
evK¨ 1 1 1 1 3 - 4 1
c` evK¨
cÖZ¨q 1 1 - 2 1 1 - -
mwÜ 1 1 - 1 - - - 1 cÖZ¨q mwÜ
mgvm 1 1 2 1 - 1 1 1 mgvm
evMaviv I cÖev`-cÖePb - - 1 - 2 1 1 2 GQvovI e¨vKi‡Yi Ab¨ Ask n‡Z
GK K_vq cÖKvk - - - - 3 - - 2 cÖkœ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| ZvB wm‡jev‡m
KviK I wefw³ - - - - 2 - 1 - DwjøwLZ UwcKmg~n QvovI Ab¨vb¨
DcmM© - - - 1 - 1 - - ¸iæZ¡c~Y© UwcKmg~‡ni weMZ eQ‡ii
wewea - - - - - 3 - - cÖkœ c‡o †dj‡eb|
‡gvU 15 13 15 16 17 15 15 14
fvlv Kx?
 gvby‡li gy‡L D”PvwiZ A_©‡evaK I g‡bvfve cÖKvkK aŸwbmgwó‡K e‡j—fvlv | fvlv Rxebvbyf~wZi evnb|
 fvlv n‡jv— fv‡ei D”PviY|
 wbw`©ó cwi‡e‡k gvby‡li e¯‧ I fv‡ei cÖZxK— kã| e¨vKiY I fvlvi g‡a¨ Av‡M m„wó n‡q‡Q— fvlv|
cÖ‡Z¨K fvlvi ‡g․wjK Ask— 4 (Pvi) wU| h_v— K. aŸwb L. kã M. A_© N. evK¨
 wKQz e¨vKiY eB‡q wZbwU †g․wjK As‡ki K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| h_v— aŸwb, kã, evK¨|
 evK¨— fvlvi g~j DcKiY| KviY GKwU m¤ú~Y© evK¨B fvlvi cÖvY|
 ‡eªBj fvlv eënvi K‡i— AÜ ev `„wó cÖwZeÜxiv| evK&-cÖwZeÜx‡ì †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ eëüZ nq— Bkviv fvlv|
 ‡`k-Kvj-cwi‡ek‡f‡` fvlvi cv_©K¨ N‡U|
fvlvi ‣ewkó¨mg~n— A_©‡`¨vZKZv gvby‡li KÉwbtm„Z aŸwb Rbmgv‡R eënv‡ii †hvM¨Zv
 evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡j— we‡kî cÖvq 30 †KvwU gvbyl| gvZ…fvlv eënv‡ii w`K †_‡K evsjv fvlvi Ae¯vb— lô|
cyivZb e¨vKiY Abymv‡i— PZz_©|
 c„w_exi fvlv-cwievi¸‡jvi bvg— B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq, Pxbv-wZeŸZxq, Avwd«Kxq, †mgxq-‡ngxq, `ªvweoxq, A‡÷ªv-Gkxq
cÖf…wZ| AvbygvwbK GK nvRvi eQi c~‡e© c~e© fviZxq Bivbxq fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q|
evsjv fvlvi weeZ©b— B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq B‡›`v-Bivbxq fviZxq Avh© cÖvK…Z evsjv
 evsjv fvlvi wbKUZg AvZ¥xq— Anwgqv I Iwoqv| aªæcw` fvlv ms¯‥…Z Ges cvwji m‡½ evsjv fvlvi i‡q‡Q Nwbô
m¤úK©|
 evsjv fvlvi wbR¯^ wjwc i‡q‡Q| GB wjwci bvg— evsjv wjwc|
 evsjv‡`‡ki RxehvÎvi cÖvq me‡ÿ‡Î evsjv fvlv eënv‡ii welqwU miKvwifv‡e eva¨Zvg~jK| GQvov cwðge½ I wÎcyiv
cÖ‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg `vßwiK fvlv— evsjv|
fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb/‡g․wjK Dcv`vb/ ÿz`ªZg GKK— aŸwb ev‡Kï ‡g․wjK Dcv`vb— kã
aŸwb wb‡`©kK wPý/ aŸwbi wjwLZ iƒc/fvlvi BU— eY© fvlvi g~ j DcKiY — evK¨
ev‡Kï g~j Dcv`vb / ev‡Kï cÖvY/ †g․wjK Dcv`vb— kã g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki gva¨g— fvlv
ev‡Kï ÿz`ªZg GKK/ ev‡Kï A_©‡evaK aŸwb— kã
evsjv fvlvixwZ
evsjv fvlv
 c„w_exi eû DbœZ fvlvi g‡Zv evsjv fvlv‡ZI `yB
ai‡bi fvlvixwZ we`¨gvb| K_¨ fvlv ixwZ ‡jL¨ fvlv ixwZ
 GB ixwZ wewfbœ iƒc I cÖKvkfw½i ga¨ w`‡q dz‡U
I‡V| Gi GKwU †g․wLK ev K_¨ ixwZ Ges AvÂwjK K_¨ ixwZ Av`k© Kve¨ mvay cÖwgZ
AciwU •jwLK ev †jL¨ ixwZ| K_¨ ixwZ ixwZ ixwZ
bZzb e¨vKiY Abymv‡i ixwZ
AvÂwjK K_¨ ixwZ
 AvÂwjK †f` mvaviYZ AÂ‡ji bv‡g cwiwPZ cvq| †hgb- †bvqvLvjxi fvlv, PvucvB beveM‡Äi fvlv, wKsev my›ìeb
AÂ‡ji fvlv| fvlvi GB AvÂwjKZv Dcfvlv bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ n‡q _v‡K|
 Dcfvlvi D`vniY- evOvwj (evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨ I `wÿY AÂj), c~we© (evsjv‡`‡ki c~e© AÂj, wÎcyiv Ges Avmv‡gi eivK
AÂj), e‡iw›`ª (evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-cwðg AÂj), Kvgiƒwc (wenvi c~e© AÂj, cwðge‡½i DËi AÂj Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
iscyi AÂj), ivwp (cwðge½), SvoLwÐ (cwðge‡½i cwðg AÂj I SvoL‡Ði c~e© AÂj) cÖf…wZ|
Av`k© K_¨
 evOvwj Rb‡Mvôxi me©Rbxb fvlv| evsjv‡`k, cwðge½ I wÎcyivq bvbv ai‡bi AwWI-wfwWI gva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ e³e¨,
Av‡jvPbv, bvUK I m½x‡Z GB ixwZi cÖ‡qvM †`Lv hvq|
 GB ixwZ cÖwgZ †jL¨ ixwZi wfwË| Z‡e e³vi mvgvwRK Ae¯vb, RxweKv, wkÿv I ms¯‥…wZ †f‡` Av`k© K_¨ ixwZ‡Z Kg-
‡ewk Zdvr _v‡K|
Kve¨ ixwZ
 evsjv Kve¨ ixwZ `yB fv‡M wef³: c`¨ Kve¨ ixwZ I M`¨ Kve¨ ixwZ|
 c`¨ Kve¨ ixwZ : c`¨ Kve¨ ixwZ‡Z Q›` Ges wgj _v‡K| d‡j Zv fvlvi mvaviY evK¨ MVb †_‡K Avjv`v nq| c`¨ Kve¨
ixwZ evsjv fvlvi me‡P‡q cyi‡bv ixwZ|
 M`¨ Kve¨ ixwZ : MVb we‡ePbvq M`¨ Kve¨ ixwZi evK¨ mvaviY Kve¨ ixwZi †P‡q Avjv`v n‡q _v‡K|
mvay ixwZ
 Dwbk kZ‡Ki ïiæi w`‡K mvay ixwZi weKvk N‡U|
 cÖvq `yB kZvãx a‡i GB ixwZ evsjv †jL¨ fvlvi Av`k© ixwZ wn‡m‡e Pvjy _v‡K|
cÖwgZ ixwZ
 wek kZ‡Ki m~Pbvq KjKvZvi wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki K_¨ fvlv‡K †jL¨ ixwZi Av`k© wn‡m‡e Pvjy Kivi †Pó nq| GwU ZLb
ÔPwjZ ixwZÕ bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvq| GKzk kZ‡Ki m~Pbv bvMv` GB PwjZ ixwZiB bZzb bvg nq ÔcÖwgZ ixwZÕ| GwU Ôgvb
ixwZÕ bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
 GB ixwZ‡Z wµqv, me©bvg, AbymM© cÖf…wZ †kÖwYi kã n«¯^ nq Ges Zrmg k‡ãi eënvi A‡cÿvK…Z K‡g|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k, cwðge½ I wÎcyivq hveZxq `vßwiK KvR, we`¨vPP©v, mvsevw`KZv I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi fvlv wn‡m‡e cÖwgZ
ixwZ †jL¨ evsjv fvlvi cÖavb ixwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
evsjv fvlv cyivZb e¨vKiY Abymv‡i
K_¨ fvlv ‡jL¨ fvlv
 ÔmvayfvlvÕ cwifvlvwU cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib- ivRv
ivg‡gvnb ivq| AvÂwjK fvlv PwjZ fvlv mvay fvlv
 ÔmvayfvlvÕ †K gvb¨ ev PwjZ fvlv wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv (Dcfvlv) (cÖwgZ ev gvb¨ (mvwnwZ¨K
Kivi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡iwQ‡jb- cÖg_ †P․ayix| PwjZ iƒc) ‡jL¨ iƒc)
o ‡g․wLK/K_¨ evsjv‡K `y‡Uv cÖavb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| o A_©vr evsjv fvlvixwZ‡Z †Kej †jLïƒ‡c eënvi Kiv
h_v- K. AvÂwjK fvlv, L. cÖwgZ fvlv| nq- mvay fvlv|
o ‣jwLK evsjv‡K `y‡Uv ixwZ‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- K. o ÔmvayfvlvÕ ej‡Z †evSvq- Zrmg kãeûj fvlvixwZ|
gvb¨ PwjZ fvlv, L. mvay fvlv| o ÔDcfvlvÕ n‡jv- AÂj we‡k‡li gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlv ev
AvÂwjK fvlv|
mvay ixwZ I PwjZ ixwZi cv_©K¨
 mvay I PwjZ fvlvi cv_©K¨- wµqvc` I me©bvg c‡ì iƒ‡c| PwjZ fvlvq iƒc mswÿß nq- Abym‡M©i|
 mvay I PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Awfbœ iƒc eëüZ nq- Ae¨q c‡ì| mvay ixwZ‡Z `xN© ev c~Y©v½ iƒc nq bv- Ae¨q
c‡ì|
mvay ixwZ PwjZ ixwZ
cyivZb e¨vKiY Abymv‡i
c`web¨vm mywbqwš¿Z I mywbw`©ó| PwjZ ixwZ cwieZ©bkxj|
mvay fvlv ev mvay ixwZi M`¨ GK cÖKvi AvwfRvZ¨ I PwjZ ixwZi M`¨ K…wÎgZv ewR©Z Ges gvby‡li g‡bvfve
Mv¤¢x‡h©i AwaKvix| cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk Dc‡hvMx|
mvay fvlvq Zrmg ev ms¯‥…Z k‡ãi cÖfve †ewk| PwjZ fvlvq Z™¢e, †`wk I we‡`wk k‡ãi cÖvavb¨|
mvay fvlv ev mvay fvlvixwZi M`¨ bvU‡Ki msjvc I e³…Zvi G ixwZ bvU‡Ki msjvc I e³…Zvq Dc‡hvMx|
Abyc‡hvMx|
G ixwZ‡Z me©bvg, wµqvc`, AbymM© BZ¨vwì c~Y©v½iƒc G ixwZ‡Z me©bvg, wµqvc`, AbymM© BZ¨vwì mswÿß
(`xN©Zi) (we‡kl MVb c×wZ) eëüZ nq| (n«¯^Zi) (cwiewZ©Z I mnRZi iƒc) jvf K‡i|
mvay fvlvi kã PwjZ fvlvi kã mvay fvlvi kã PwjZ fvlvi kã eb¨ ey‡bv
cÖfvZ ‡fvi †Rvmbv/‡Rvr¯œv ‡RvQbv AwaK ‡ewk
wØcÖni `ycyi jç jvd Awej‡¤^ wkMwMi
¯^Y© ‡mvbv ivwÎ ivZ m¤úbœ ‡kl
e„ÿ MvQ ‡b․Kv ‡b․‡Kv A‡cÿv ‡P‡q
QÎ QvZv Kv‡¯Í KvuwP evg evu
n¯Í nvZ g„wËKv gvwU A`¨ AvR
cÎ cvZv P›`ª Pvu` AcwiwPZ A‡Pbv
RyZv Ry‡Zv ‡ÿZ ‡LZ Giƒc Ggb
cÖv‡Z mKv‡j gvZv gv AwZ Lye
g¯ÍK gv_v Kzjv Kz‡jv ïå mv`v
Zzjv Zz‡jv myZv my‡Zv wbK‡U Kv‡Q
AwMœ Av¸b KY© Kvb mwnZ m‡½/mv‡_
`šÍ `vuZ e¨vNª evN mvÿvr Kwievi ‡`Lv Kievi/Kivi
grm¨ gvQ cÿx cvwL cvBqvwQ‡jb ‡c‡qwQ‡jb
gyjv gy‡jv gbyl¨ gvbyl Zvunviv/ Dnviv Zvuiv / Iuiv
ÿzav wL‡` ermi eQi c~‡e©B Av‡MB
ZviKv Zviv ï®‥/ ïKbv ïK‡bv nB‡jb n‡jb
mvay fvlvi kã PwjZ fvlvi kã mvay fvlvi kã PwjZ fvlvi kã mvay fvlvi kã PwjZ fvlvi kã
nBqv n‡q cwoj coj PwKZ nBqv Pg‡K
Avwmqv G‡m Kwiqv K‡i ‡`wLqv ‡`‡L
nBj nj fv½vBZ fvO‡Zv Pvwnqv ‡P‡q
Zvnv‡K/Dnv‡K Zv‡K/I‡K jvwMj jvMj GB G
Zvnv‡K Zv‡K wjLv ‡jLv Zvnv Zv
Øviv w`‡q Rywoqv Ry‡o hvnv hv
e¨ZxZ Qvov iw½b iwOb ‡Kn ‡KD
dzwUqv dz‡U Dnv IUv/I Bnv‡ì G‡ì
QovB‡j Qov‡j wbwgË Rb¨/R‡b¨ b‡Pr bB‡j
wjwL‡ZwQ‡jb wjLwQ‡jb cwoqv‡Qb c‡o‡Qb Z_vwc ZeyI
cvi nBqv ‡cwi‡q iwnqv‡Q i‡q‡Q Z`ycwi Zvi Dci
e¨vKiY I evsjv e¨vKiY
 e¨vKiY (= we + Av + K… + Ab) kãwUi ey¨rcwËMZ A_© we‡klfv‡e we‡kølY|
 e¨vKiY fvlvi weÁvbm¤§Z we‡køl‡Yi kv¯¿| A_©vr e¨vKi‡Yi cÖavb KvR fvlvi we‡kølY|
 e¨vKi‡Y fvlvi cÖK…wZ I ¯îƒc wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
 e¨vKi‡Yi KvR— fvlvi Af¨šÍixY k„•Ljv Avwe®‥vi Kiv| e¨vKiY fvlv‡K— eY©bv K‡i|
 cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY (Vocabulario em idioma Bengalla E Partuguez) iPbv nq— 1743 mv‡j cZ©ywMR
fvlvq| Gi †jLK wQ‡jb— g‡bvGj `¨ Avmmy¤úmuvD| evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g e¨vKiYwe`— g‡bvGj `¨ Avmmy¤úmvuD|
 Bs‡iwR fvlvq cÖ_g c~Y©v½ evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib— eªvwm n¨vj‡nW| eBwUi bvg— G MÖvgvi Ae w` †e½j
j¨v½y‡qR| eBwU cÖKvwkZ nq— 1778 mv‡j| me©cÖ_g evsjv UvBc mn‡hv‡M evsjv gy`ªY K‡ib— n¨vj‡nW|
 cÖ_g evOvwj wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlvq e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib— ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq| Zvui iwPZ evsjv e¨vKi‡Y bvg—
†M․oxq e¨vKiY (1833)| cvwYwb wQ‡jb— GKRb •eqvKiYwe`|
evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welq
evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welq— 4wU|
K. aŸwbZË¡ evM&hš¿, evM&h‡š¿i D”PviY cÖwµqv, aŸwbi web¨vm, ¯î I e¨Äb aŸwbi •ewkó¨, aŸwb`j cÖf…wZ|
(Phonology) A_ev— eY©, mwÜ, Y-Z¡ weavb, l-Z¡ weavb, aŸwb cwieZ©b I †jvc, e‡Y©i web¨vm|
L. kãZË¡ ev iƒcZ‡Ë¡ kã I Zvi Dcv`vb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| GB Av‡jvPbvq we‡kl¨, me©bvg, we‡klY, wµqv,
iƒcZË¡ wµqv we‡klY BZ¨vw` ¯vb cvq| we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ cvq kãwbg©vY I c`wbg©vY cÖwµqv|
(Morphology) A_ev— wj½, mgvm, KviK, ePb, avZz, msL¨vevPK c`, c`vwkÖZ wb‡`©kK, wØiæw³, wµqv, Kvj, cyiæl,
DcmM©, c`, cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q, AbymM©|
M. evK¨ZË¡ KviK we‡kølY, hwZwPý, evMaviv, c`µg, evP¨, Dw³ I evK¨ msµvšÍ mKj welq, c‡ì iƒc cwieZ©b,
(Syntax) evK¨ZË¡|
N. A_©ZË¡ wecixZ kã, cÖwZkã, kã‡Rvo, evMaviv cÖf…wZ| GQvov kã, eM© I ev‡Kï e¨Äbv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
(Semantics) A_ev— kã I ev‡Kï A_©wePvi, wecixZv_©K, gyL¨v_© I †M․Yv_©|
weMZ eQ‡i cixÿvq Avmv cÖkm

œ g~n
01. fvlv Kx? [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v: 06] K. eY© L. kã
K. k‡ãi D”PviY L. aŸwbi D”PviY M. evK¨ N. fvlv D: N
M. ev‡Kï D”PviY N. fv‡ei D”PviY D: N 03. cÖ‡Z¨K fvlviB wZbwU †g․wjK Ask n‡jv- [cÖavbgš¿xi
02. gvby‡li gy‡L D”PvwiZ A_©‡evaK I g‡bvfve cÖKvkK Kvh©vj‡qi (NSI) Gi mnKvix cwiPvjK: 17 ]
aŸwbi mgwó‡K- [mnKvix Dc‡Rjv / _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi: 05] K. aŸwb, kã, evK¨ L. aŸwb, kã, eY©
M. kã, evK¨, mgvm N. DcmM©, AbymM©, kã D: K K. mvay cyiæl‡ì eëüZ fvlv
04. e¨vKiY I fvlvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Av‡M m„wó n‡q‡Q? [10g L. Zrmg kãeûj fvlv ixwZ
†emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb: 14] M. KweZv iPbvi fvlv
K. e¨vKiY L. fvlv N. cªeÜ iPbvi fvlv D: L
M. e¨vKiY I fvlv N. †Kv‡bvwUB bq D: L 17. Ômvay fvlvÕ mvaviYZ †Kv_vq Abyc‡hvMx? [18Zg wewmGm]
05. evsjv fvlvi cÖavb `yBwU iƒc Kx Kx? [evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki K. KweZvi cO&w³‡Z L. Mv‡bi Kwj‡Z
mnKvix cwiPvjK: 01]
K. †jL¨ I AvÂwjK L. AvÂwjK I me©Rbxb M. M‡íi eY©bvq N. bvU‡Ki msjv‡c D: N
M. K_¨ I AvÂwjK N. †g․wLK I •jwLK D: N 18. mvayfvlv †_‡K PwjZ evsjvq wjL‡Z †Kvb c`hyM‡ji
06. fvlvi †Kvb ixwZ †KejgvÎ †jLïƒ‡c eënvi Kiv nq? cwieZ©b N‡U? [cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vs‡Ki Awdmvi (K¨vk): 19 / `yb©xwZ `gb
Awaß‡ii mnKvix cwiPvjK: 13 / c~evjx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 11]
[Lv`¨ Awa`ß‡ii Lv`¨ cwi`k©K: 11]
K. K_¨ ixwZ L. AvÂwjK ixwZ K. we‡kl¨ I we‡klY L. me©bvg I wµqv
M. mvay ixwZ N. PwjZ ixwZ D: M M. we‡klY I wµqv N. we‡kl¨ I me©bvg D: L
07. fvlvi †g․wjK ixwZ †KvbwU? [gnv wnmve wbixÿK I wbqš¿‡Ki 19. mvay fvlv I PwjZ fvlvi cv_©K¨- [39Zg, 16Zg I 15Zg wewmGm]
Aaxb Rywbqi AwWUi: 11] K. Amg I Z™¢e k‡ãi eënvi
K. e³…Zvi ixwZ L. †jLvi ixwZ L. wµqvc` I me©bvg c‡ì iƒ‡c
M. K_v ejvi ixwZ N. †KvbwUB bq D: L,M M. k‡ãi K_¨ I †jL¨ iƒ‡c
08. mvay I PwjZ ixwZ evsjv fvlvi †Kvbiƒ‡c we`¨gvb? N. ev‡Kï mdjZv I RwUjZvq D: L
[12Zg †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb: 15]
20. mvay ixwZ‡Z †Kvb c`wUi `xN©iƒc nq bv? [8g †emiKvix
K. AvÂwjK L. Dcfvlv cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 12]
M. †jL¨ N. K_¨ D: M K. we‡kl¨ L. me©bvg
09. ÔmvayfvlvÕ cwifvlvwU cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib- [8g †emiKvix M. Ae¨q N. wµqv D: M
cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 12]
21. PwjZ fvlvi wb‡¤œi †KvbwUi iƒc mswÿß nq? [9g
K. ivRv gwb‡gvnb ivq L. ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq †emiKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 13]
M. CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N. Aÿq Kzgvi `Ë D: L K. AbymM© L. we‡kl¨
10. ‡KvbwU PwjZ fvlvi •ewkó¨? [10g †emiKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 14] M. Ae¨q N. DcmM© D: K
K. Mv¤¢xh© L. e¨vKiY AbymiY K‡i P‡j 22. ÔPwKZ nBqvÕ kãwUi PwjZ iƒc- [cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW© mnKvix
M. Zrmg k‡ãi eûj eënvi mwPe/ mnKvix cwiPvjK: 13]
N. cÖwgZ D”PviY D: N K. PwKZ n‡q L. PwKZ nBqv
11. Dcfvlv †KvbwU? [Dc‡Rjv mgvR‡mev Awdmvi: 06] M. PwK‡Z N. Pg‡K D: N
K. mvwn‡Zï fvlv L. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki fvlv 23. ÔQov‡jÕ Gi mvay iƒc- [cjøx we`y¨Zvqb †evW© mnKvix mwPe/
mnKvix cwiPvjK (cÖkvmb): 13]
M. AÂj we‡k‡li gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlv K. QovB‡j L. e¨vwß‡j
N. †jL¨ fvlv D: M M. e¨vß nB‡j N. QovBqv w`‡j D: K
12. ‡Kvb fvlvixwZi c`web¨vm mywbqwš¿Z I myywbw`©ó? [10g 24. ‡KvbwU mvay ixwZi kã? [7g †emiKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 11]
†emiKvix wkÿK wbeÜb: 13 / 6ô †emiKvix wkÿK wbeÜb: 10]
K. PwjZ ixwZ L. K_¨ ixwZ K. AvR L. wgbwZ
M. †jL¨ ixwZ N. mvay ixwZ D: N M. Rj N. †Rvmbv D: N
13. PwjZ fvlvixwZi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb •ewkó¨ cÖ‡hvR¨? [10g 25. Ô‡gv‡MvÕ AvÂwjK iƒ‡ci wkó c`ïƒc- [evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q
mnKvix Kgv‡Û›U: 07]
†emiKvix wkÿK wbeÜb (2): 15 / cjøx Dbœqb †ev‡W©i gvV mnKvix: 10]
K. AvwfRv‡Zï AwaKvix L. cwieZ©bkxj K. Avgvw`‡Mi L. †gv‡ì
M. ¸iæM¤¢xi N. AcwieZ©bxq D: L M. Avgiv N. Avgv‡ì D: L
14. PwjZ fvlvixwZi ‣ewkó¨ †KvbwU? 26. PwjZ ixwZi kã †KvbwU? [10g †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb (2): 14]
K. AvweRvZ¨c~Y© L. c`web¨vm mywbw`©ó K. ï®‥ L. ïKbv
M. KvVv‡gv AcwiewZ©Z N. K…wÎgZv ewR©Z D: N M. Zzjv N. Zz‡jv D: N
15. fvlvi †Kvb ixwZ K…wÎgZv ewR©Z? [GwKvªg e¨vsK wj. Awdmvi: 11] 27. mvay fvlvi m‡½ Ô½Õ Gi ¯‡j PwjZ fvlvq †Kvb †Kvgj
K. K_¨ ixwZ L. mvay ixwZ iƒc eënvi nq? [cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK wj. Awdmvi (K¨vk): 14]
M. PwjZ ixwZ N. AvÂwjK ixwZ D: M K. s L. O M. M N. T D: L
16. evsjv mvay fvlv ej‡Z †evSvq- [cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ß‡ii 28. ‡Kvb fvlvixwZ‡Z G cÖkœ †jLv n‡q‡Q? [gva¨wgK we`¨vjq
mnKvix cÖavb wkÿK: 03]
wnmve iÿK: 11]
K. mvay ixwZ L. PwjZ ixwZ L. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn
M. wgkÖ ixwZ N. †j․wKK ixwZ D: L M. W. Gbvgyj nK N. W. myKzgvi †mb D: L
29. ‡Kvb evK¨wU‡Z mvay I PwjZ ixwZi wgkÖY N‡U‡Q? [cjøx 39. Ôe¨vKiYÕ k‡ãi ey¨rcwË †KvbwU? [e½eÜz weÁvb I cÖhyw³
Kg©mnvqK dvD‡Ûk‡bi mnKvix eë¯’vcK: 09] wek^we`¨vjh (P-BDwbU): 14-15 / RbZv e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 11]
K. cvwL me K‡i ie K. we+Av+∙K…+Ab L. e¨+Av+K…+∙Ab
L. AZtci Zviv Pwjqv †Mj M. e„+K…+Ab N. e¨v+K+ib D: K
M. a~gcvb ¯^v‡¯ï Rb¨ ÿwZKi 40. e¨vKi‡Yi cÖavb KvR n‡”Q- [iƒcvwj e¨vs‡Ki wmwbqi Awdmvi:
N. Dw™¢‡ì cÖvY Av‡Q D: L 19 / cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb WvUv cÖ‡mwms Acv‡iUi: 02]
30. Ò‡h K_v GKevi Rwg‡q ejv wM‡q‡Q, Zvnvi ci Zvi K. fvlvi wbqg cÖwZôv L. fvlvi k„•Ljv
†dbvBqv e¨vL¨v Kiv P‡j bv|Ó PjwZ fvlvq G evK¨ M. fvlvi we‡kølY N. fvlvi DbœwZ D: M
fzj msL¨v KqwU? [wcGmwm KZ…©K wba©vwiZ 12wU c`: 01] 41. e¨vKi‡Yi KvR Kx? [mgvR‡mev Awa`ß‡ii mgvR‡mev Awdmvi: 06]
K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 N. 5 D: M K. fvj e³v •Zwi Kiv
31. ÒwZwb nvuwU‡Z nvuwU‡Z fvwe‡ZwQ‡jb, ïaygvÎ gYxlx- L. fvlvi Af¨šÍixY k„•Ljv Avwe®‥vi Kiv
ev‡K¨B †Zv Rxeb¥„Z hyemgv‡Ri Kj¨vY ewnqv Avwb‡Z M. ï× wjLb wkLv‡bv
h‡_ó b‡n|Ó PwjZ fvlvq G evK¨ fzj msL¨v KqwU? N. cwÐZe¨w³ •Zwi Kiv D: L
[evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK wmwbqi Awdmvi: 12 / mve-‡iwR÷ªvi: 01] 42. fvlvi Af¨šÍixY wbqg k„•Ljvi Avwe®‥v‡ii bvgB- [RbZv
K. mvZ L. AvU M. bq N. `k D: K e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 11]
32. Ô‡Zvgv‡K †`‡L LyeB Lywk njvg|Õ GB evK¨wU †Kvb K. mwÜ L. mgvm
fvlv ixwZ‡Z †jLv? [evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi cwimsL¨vb Rywbqi M. Dw³ N. e¨vKiY D: N
A¨vwmm‡U›U Awdmvi: 14] 43. ‡KvbwU wVK? [evsjv‡`k A‡qj, M¨vm I wgbv‡ij K‡c©v‡ik‡bi
K. mvay L. PwjZ M. AvÂwjK N. K_¨ D: L A¨vwm÷¨v›U g¨v‡bRvi (A¨vWwgb): 11]
33. wb‡Pi †KvbwU PwjZ ixwZi kã? [cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK wb‡qvM: K. e¨vKiY fvlvi AbyMvgx
18] L. fvlv e¨vKi‡Yi AbyMvgx
K. ïK‡bv L. cwoj M. mwnZ N. Zzjv D: K M. e¨vKiY wkÿvi AbyMvgx
34. ‡Kvb evK¨wU cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z †jLv n‡q‡Q? [wcwUAvB N. e¨vKiY kãh‡š¿i AbyMvgx D: K
Gi BÝUªv±i: 19]
44. e¨vKiY fvlv‡K wK wb‡`©k K‡i? [mnKvix ivR¯^ Kg©KZ©v: 15 /
K. †L‡q †`‡q ï‡q cojvg RvZxq msm` mwPevj‡q mnKvix cwiPvjK: 06]
L. LvBqv `vBqv ïBqv cwojvg K. fvlv‡K Pwj‡Z L. fvlv‡K kvmb K‡i
M. LvBqv `vBqv ï‡q cojvg M. fvlv‡K ewj‡Z N. fvlv‡K eY©bv K‡i D: N
N. †KvbwUB bq D: K 45. ÔmwÜÕ e¨vKi‡Yi †Kvb As‡k Av‡jvP¨ welq? [18Zg
35. wb‡Pi †Kvb kãwU mvay fvlvq eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx? wewmGm / GbGmAvB Gi Rywbqi wdì Awdmvi: 19]
[15Zg wkÿK wbeÜb (¯‹zj): 19] K. iƒcZË¡ L. aŸwbZË¡
K. ïK‡bv L. mv‡_ M. RyZv N. ey‡bv D: M M. c`µg N. evK¨ cÖKiY D: L
36. weï× PwjZ fvlv †KvbwU? [evsjv‡`k WvK wefv‡Mi †cv÷vj 46. e¨vKi‡Yi D”PZi ch©v‡q Av‡jvwPZ nq †KvbwU? [gnv
Acv‡iUi: 19] wnmve wbixÿK I wbqš¿‡Ki Kvh©vj‡qi AwWUi: 11]
K. mvg‡b GKUv evuk evMvb coj| K. evK¨ZË¡ L. iƒcZË¡
L. mvg‡b GKwU evuk evMvb cwoj| M. A_©ZË¡ N. aŸwbZË¡ D: M
M. mvg‡b GKUv evuk evMvb cwoj| 47. ÔavZziƒcÕ e¨vKi‡Yi †Kvb As‡k Av‡jvwPZ nq? [RbZv
N. m¤§y‡L GKUv evuk evMvb coj| D: K e¨vs‡Ki GwKvªwKDwUf Awdmvi: 19]
37. ‡jvKR kã Ô`BqjÕ Gi cÖwgZ iƒc n‡jv- [iƒcvwj e¨vs‡Ki K. iƒcZ‡Ë¡ L. aŸwbZ‡Ë¡
Awdmvi: 19] M. evK¨Z‡Ë¡ N. Q›`Z‡Ë¡ D: K
K. †Ìqvj L. `qvj 48. fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb / ÿz`ªZg GKK n‡”Q- [32Zg wewmGm]
M. †`v‡qj N. `BIqvj D: M K. eY© L. kã M. aŸwb N. evK¨ D: M
38. Ò‡h kv¯¿ Rvwb‡j ev½vjv fvlv ï×iƒ‡c wjwL‡Z, cwo‡Z 49. g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki cÖavb evnb- [gv`ªvmv wkÿv Awa: 21]
I ewj‡Z cviv hvq, Zvnvi bvg ev½vjv e¨vKiY|Ó G K. Bw½Z L. fvlv M. wPÎ N. AvPiY D: L
msÁvwU Kvi? [†hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v: 06]
K. W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq
evsjv evbv‡bi wbqg I evK¨ ïw×

Avgv‡ì eY©gvjvq Ggb KZ¸‡jv aŸwb i‡q‡Q hv‡ì D”PvwiZ iƒc GK I Awfbœ| ZvB AmsL¨ evbvb †jLvi mgq Avgiv
weåvšÍ n‡q hvB| jÿ¨ K‡ib, ÔBÕ, ÔCÕ; ÔDÕ, ÔEÕ; ÔkÕ, ÔmÕ, Ôl; ÔYÕ, ÔbÕ Ges ÔiÕ, ÔoÕ, ÔpÕ BZ¨vw` aŸwb¸‡jvi MVbMZ
wfbœZv _vK‡jI D”Pvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î jÿ¨‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| A_P ÔgivÕ I ÔgovÕ Gi g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q we¯Íi
dvivK| evsjv GKv‡Wwg 1992 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i evbvb‡K wbqwgZ, Awfbœ I cÖwgZ Kivi eë¯v MÖnY K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z
2000 mv‡j wKQz wKQz wbq‡g ms‡kvab Avbv nq| 2012 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m wbqg¸‡jvi cwigvR©b Kiv nq|
`y‡Uv evbvbB ï×
1936 mv‡j KwjKvZv wek^we`¨vjq cÖewZ©Z evbvb ixwZ Abyhvqx KwZcq GKB k‡ãi `y‡Uv evbvb ï×| †hgb-
nvwZ-nvZx evwo-evox evuwk-evukx Clv©-Cl©¨v wKkjq-wKmjq gZ©-gZ©¨
AšÍixÿ-AšÍwiÿ Kyywgi-Kzgxi wbwgl-wb‡gl m~wP-m~Px cvwL-cvLx ‡kÖwY-‡kÖYx
Mvwo-Mvox cÖwZKvi-cÖZxKvi `vw`-`v`x KzwUi-KzUxi AšÍt¯-AšÍ¯ ZiwY-ZiYx
w`wN-`xwN ‡èKx-‣èKx Kjm-Kjk gmyi-gm~i iRwb-iRbx ¯^vwg-¯^vgx
Z‡e evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖewZ©Z (me©‡kl) cÖwgZ evsjv wbqg Abymv‡i, ‡hme Zrmg k‡ã ÔBÕ ÔCÕ ev ÔDÕ ÔEÕ Dfq ï× †Kej
†mme k‡ã ÔBÕ ev ÔDÕ ev Zvi Kvi wPý ÔB-KviÕ (w ) ev ÔD-KviÕ ( y ) n‡e| †hgb-
wKse`wšÍ LÄwb Pzwjø ZiwY agwb aiwY bvwo cwÄ c`we cwjø
fw½ gwm hyewZ iPbvewj jnwi miwY m~wPcÎ
C-Kvi hy³ kã
¯¿xevPK kã Awf‡bÎx KÎx© Kj¨vYx wK‡kvix Mvfx ¸YeZx PÐx PZz`©kx QvÎx
Rbbx ZiæYx `vmx `ytwLbx †èx bvix cZœx wckvPx we`ylx
eyw×gZx gvZvgnx gvbex jÿèx kÖxgZx mZx mi¯^Zx nwiYx •ngšÍx
B›`ªvYx iRbx b`x e¨vNªx mLx hvwgbx
cyiælevPK kã evM¥x Kg©x Rqx kÖgx †gavex myLx ¸Yx
wewea A½xKvi AšÍixY AšÍixc Aexiv Afxó AjxK Akixix Aaxb AvZ¥xq
Avkxe©v` Avmxb B`vbxs C`„k axi wbgxwjZ Kvjxb wKixU KxU
KxZ©b KbxwbKv KxwZ© Kzjxb K…wlRxex ÿxYRxex K¬xe ‡K․cxb ÿxi
ÿzrcxwoZ mgxiY mgxn UxKv ZiYx Zš¿x Zxÿè RxY© Zxeª
àxwP w`jxc `xÿv `xc `xß wØZxq D`xqgvb GKvbœeZ©x bxie
bxnvi cixÿv wecixZ bxi wccxwjKv cxV cxov cxie c„w_ex
c„_¡x cÖZxK cÖZxÿv cÖxZ mxZv exwP exYv exw_ Kixi
weev`x exfrm eyw×Rxex ‡eYx e¨ZxZ fvMxi_x fxiæ fxlY MÖx®§
MÖxev kvixwiK ke©ix kxKi kxZj kxZvZc kxY© kxl© mykÖx
mixm„c myax m¤§yLxb mgxPxb mgxc cÖexY cÖvPxb bx‡ivM exR
wbixÿY wenxb wefxlY ixwZbxwZ KiYxq evYx Db¥xjb cøxnv Dwoqv
cÖxZ wbcxwoZ cÖZxqgvb exRb wRRxwelv gxgvsmv gbxlx ivRxe Rxg~Z
wRMxlv gnxqvb Pxb gixwPKv wPwKrmv Cáv CwáZ Cl©v Ckî
Clr DÇxb D`xPx Mixqvb Mixqmx MxwZKv MxZvÄwj cÖZxP¨ cÖZxPx
cÖZxwZ kvjxb jxjv bxwZ nxb nxiK nxiv bxo bxP
nixZKx wbkxw_bx ùxZ wbkx_ wbixn mxgv
B-Kvi hy³ evbvb
fvlv I RvwZi bv‡gi AvdMvwb Aviwe Bs‡iwR BivwK Bûw` Kvwk¥wi Rvcvwb ZzwK©
†k‡l †bcvwj cvwK¯Ívwb cvÄvwe divwm evOvwj mvuIZvwj wmwÜ wnw›`
we‡klYevPK ÔAvwjÕ-cÖZ¨qhy³ k‡ã ‣PZvwj cyevwj eY©vwj wgZvwj †g‡qwj iæcvwj †mvbvwj
evbv‡b B C, D E-Gi eënvi
‡hme Zrmg k‡ãi evbv‡b n«¯^ I `xN© Dfq ¯î (B C, D E) Awfavbwm×, †m †ÿ‡Î Ges AZrmg (Z™¢e, †`wk, we‡`wk, wgkª)
k‡ãi evbv‡b ïay n«¯^¯î (B w, D y) n‡e| †hgb-
Zrmg kã Av½ywi, AUwe, Avwei, Avwkm&, Elv, wKse`wšÍ, KzwUi, MwÐ, MÖšvewj, wPrKvi, ZiwY, Zwi, †`wk,
c`we, we‡`wk, åæ, †kÖwY, mviwY|
AZrmg Av`wg, GKv‡Wwg, Avwcj, G‡RwÝ, Avjgvwi, K‡jvwb, DwKj, ‡Kvievwb, D`y©, bwe, KvwR, wWwMÖ, Kvievwi,
k‡ã Zmwe, KvwiMwi, ìw`, Kzwgi, †Kivwb, Riæwi, wLª÷, M¨vjvwi, wLª÷vã, Wv‡qwi, Mwie, wmj‡gvni, MvwR, mwZb,
Mvwo, B`, wMwbœ, †Kv¤úvwb, PvKwi, Mwie, wMUvi, Rvbyqvwi, ‡bwf, ìKvwi, gvwg, `vwe, †m‡µUvwi, bvwb, ay‡jv,
wegv, bvm©vwi, cowk, fvwe, c`we, †idvwi, evwo, evuwk, kwn`, evOvwj, j¨ve‡iUwi, †e-AvBwb, fzZz‡o, wgw¯¿,
gy‡jv, ‡g‡qwj, whï, †ikwg, jUvwi, jvB‡eªwi, kvïwo, wkKvwi, mewR, miKvwi, mywbœ, nvwR, wnRwi|
‡id ( © ) hy³ kã
‡id ( © ) Gi ci Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
e¨ÄYe‡Y©i wØZ¡ n‡e bv| A¾©b AR©b E×© EaŸ© Kvh©¨ Kvh© m~h¨© m~h©
e¨wZµg : •`N©¨, eR©¨|
P›`ªwe›`y ( u ) hy³ kãmg~n
Avuavi kvuL KvuUv AvuK cvuwR cvuP nvuUv ‡Qvu ‡Mvud evuk
‡Qvuqv‡P MvuB Mvu` KvuKb KvuKi Kvua avuav evuKv Kvuc (K¤ú) `vuZ
Zvuiv lvuo fzuwo PvuPo `vuwo ‡Qvuqv ‡Quov UvuKkvj ‡VvuU AvuwL
wemM© ( t ) hy³ kãmg~n

`ytmgq `ytmn `yt¯^cœ `ytkvmb `ytmva¨ ¯^Ztù~Z© wkitcxov cÖvZtKvj wbtm‡›`n AZtci
eqtcÖvß gbtKó gbtÿzbœ BZtc~‡e© AšÍtKiY cybtcÖ‡ek wbtm‡¼vP Pÿztk~j
wemM© ( t ) Gi eënvi
c`v‡šÍ wemM© (t) _vK‡e bv| †hgb : µgk wØZxqZ cÖ_gZ cÖavbZ e¯‧Z g~jZ
c`ga¨¯ wemM© _vK‡e| †hgb : AšÍt¯ `ytL `ytmn wbtkã cybtcyb ¯^Ztù~Z©
Awfavbwm× n‡j c`ga¨¯ wemM© eR©bxq| †hgb : `y¯ wbk^vm wb¯ú„n ewn¯ gb¯
e-djv hy³ K‡qKwU kã

D¾¡j †cÖv¾¡j cÖR¦wjZ D”Q¡vm eÜzZ¡ k^vm ¯^v` cvk©¦ kvk^Z ¯^Z¡
¯^vaxb ¯^vqËkvmb weØvb wek^¯Í cK¡ †i․`ªK‡iv¾¡j mvšÍ¡bv ¯^Zš¿ ¯^vZš¿¨ ¯^w¯Í
¯îƒc cÖwZØ›Øx EaŸ© wek^vm ¯^v_© ¯^xKvi f~¯^vgx D‡ØM D‡Øvab
ÔYÕ bq `šÍ¨ ÔbÕ
A-Zrmg k‡ãi evbv‡b ÔYÕ Gi ANªvb Bivb Kvb †Kvivb Mfb©i ¸bwZ †Mvbv
eënvi n‡e bv| †hgb- Sibv aib civb ivwb †mvbv nb©
A-Zrmg k‡ã U, V, W, X _vK‡jI ÔYÕ Gi eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| †hgb- DB›Uvi KvD›Uvi
evbv‡b ÔIÕ-Gi eënvi
wµqvc‡ì evbv‡b c`v‡šÍ I-Kvi (‡ v) Acwinvh© Avbe KiZ †Lje Pje †`LZ aie
bq| †hgb : bvPe ejZ gie joe wjLe
eZ©gvb AbyÁvi mvgvbïƒ‡c c`v‡šÍ I-Kvi cÖ`vb Av‡bv K‡iv †L‡jv P‡jv †`‡Lv a‡iv
Kiv hvq| †hgb : bv‡Pv c‡ov e‡jv gv‡iv j‡ov †j‡Lv
ÔAv‡bvÕ cÖZ¨qvšÍ k‡ãi †k‡l I-Kvi n‡e| †hgb : Kiv‡bv LvIqv‡bv ‡kvqv‡bv †`Lv‡bv bvgv‡bv cvVv‡bv
A_© ev D”PviY weåvwšÍi my‡hvM _vK‡j wKQz Kvj (mgq), Kv‡jv (K…ò eY©) fvj (Kcvj), fv‡jv (DËg)
we‡kl¨, we‡klY I Ae¨q k‡ã I-Kvi †Ìqv ‡Kvb (Kx, †K, †KvbwU), †Kv‡bv (eûi g‡a¨ GK)
Avek¨K| †hgb :
f~‡Mvj/ †f․‡MvwjK : f~‡Mvj/ †f․‡MvwjK evbv‡b Aek¨B ÔMÕ Gi mv‡_ ÔI-KviÕ ‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
RMr, we`¨v, ZË¡, wnsmv, †`n, cwil`, mfv

GB kã¸‡jv k‡ãi †k‡l _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© ÔC-KviÕ ( x) bv cÖvwYRMr gwš¿mfv gwš¿cwil` cÖvwYwe`¨v cÖvwYZË¡
n‡q ÔB-KviÕ (w) nq| †hgb- cÖvwYwnsmv cÖvwY‡`n
Ôf~ZÕ m¤úwK©Z evbvb
`ywbqvi mKj Ôf~ZÕ evbvb ÔÔE-KviÕ A½xf~Z Awff~Z `~ixf~Z civf~Z D™¢~Z wK¤¢~Z ekxf~Z
w`‡q nq| ‡hgb- Avwef~©Z Af~Zc~e© f¯§xf~Z cyÄxf~Z ‡K›`ªxf~Z `ªexf~Z f~Zz‡o
g‡b ivLyb : A™¢zZ Ges fzZzwo evbvb `ywU‡Z ÔD-KviÕ eëüZ nq| Ôf~ZÕ †hv‡M MwVZ c` we‡klY n‡e|
Kvjx/ Kvwj
ÔKvjxÕ evbvb me mgq ÔC-KviÕ w`‡qB wjL‡Z n‡e| wKš‧ ÔKvjxÕ k‡ãi †k‡l `vm _vK‡j C-Kv‡ii cwie‡Z© B- Kvwj`vm
Kvi wjL‡Z nq| †hgb-
Ab¨Î Kvjxi C-Kvi eRvq _vK‡e| †hgb- Kvjxc` Kvjxgw›ì KvjxNvU
Z‡e RyZvi Kvwj, cvwZ‡ji Kvwj, Kqjvi Kvwj, Kj‡gi Kvwj Aek¨B B-Kvi wjL‡Z n‡e|
KiY, K…Z, feb, f~Z

GB kã¸‡jv †hv‡M †h kã MwVZ nq, †m me mZK© + KiY = mZK©xKiY w¯i + K…Z = w¯ixK…Z we‡K›`ª + KiY =
k‡ãi ga¨fv‡M ÔC-KviÕ ( x ) nq| †hgb- cÖ¯Íi + feb = cÖ¯Íixfeb ek + f~Z = ekxf~Z we‡K›`ªxKiY
cwil`, mfv
GB kã `yÕ‡Uv Ôgš¿xÕ k‡ãi †k‡l em‡j ÔC-KviÕ cwiewZ©Z n‡q ÔB-KviÕ n‡q hvq| †hgb- gwš¿cwil` gwš¿mfv
g~a©b¨-Y I `šÍ¨-b Gi eënvi
Zrmg k‡ãi evbv‡b ÔYÕ Gi mwVK eënv‡ii wbqgB Y-Z¡ weavb| evsjv fvlvq mvaviYZ g~a©b¨-Y aŸwbi eënvi †bB| †mRb¨
evsjv (‡`wk), Z™¢e I we‡`wk k‡ãi evbv‡b g~a©b¨ eY© (Y) †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| wKš‧ evsjv fvlvq AmsL¨ Zrmg ev ms¯‥…Z
k‡ã g~a©b¨-Y Ges `šÍ¨-b Gi eënvi i‡q‡Q|
hy³e¨Ä‡b (Zrmg k‡ã) U eMx©q KÈK NÈv wbN©È eÈb AKzÉ AvKÉ DrKÉ
e‡Y©i (U, V, W, X) c~e©eZx© `šÍ¨-b DcKÉ KÉ KÉbvwj jyÉb AKvjKz®§vÐ AÐ KvÐ
aŸwb g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb : KvÐvix KzÐj LÐ PÐx `Ð fÐ cwÐZ fÐvwg
Zrmg k‡ã F, F-Kvi ( FY AiY¨ we`~lY we‡klY ÿwYK Z…Y ÎvY wgkÖY A‡š^lY
„), i, i-djv ( ª), †id †kÖwY RvMiY niY wKiY gm„Y eY© ÿY eY©bv AvKl©Y
( ©), l, ÿ-Gi ci KY© e¨vKiY Avgš¿Y PiY eiY N„Yv SYv© wPÎY we‡kølY
g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb : c~Y© wbeviY gy`ªY weZiY D”PviY `xY© ¯^Y© AY©e fvlY
`~lY †cÖlY Nl©Y f~lY †kvlY kxY© el©Y
GKB k‡ãi g‡a¨ F, F-Kvi ( „), i-djv ( ª), †id ( ©), jÿY iæwÿYx wbiƒcY AMÖnvqY AKg©Y¨
l, ÿ-Gi ‡h †KvbwUi c‡i ¯îeY©, K-eM©, c-eM© Ges h, ivgvqY K…cY wbe©vY me©v½xY A‡cÿgvY
q, n, Aby¯^vi (s)-GB eY©¸‡jvi GKwU ev GKvwaK eY© eÿ¨gvY Ac©Y `c©Y nwiY e„snY
_vK‡jI cieZ©x b-aŸwb g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb: kÖeY wÎnvqY
cÖ, civ, cwi, wbi-GB PviwU Dcm‡M©i cÖ : cÖYvg, cÖYe, cÖYxZ, cÖwYcvZ| civ : civqY, civnè|
ci bg&, bk&, bx, by, Ab&, nb& cÖf…wZ
cwi : cwiYwZ, cwiYvg, cwiYq| wbi : wbY©xZ, wbY©q, wbY©vqK|
avZzi `šÍ¨-b ¯‡j g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb:
 cÖ, civ, c~e©, Aci-G¸‡jvi ci ÔAýÕ k‡ãi `šÍ¨-b g~a©b¨-Y nq| †hgb : civ + Aý = civnè|
Aci, c‚e©, civ Gme k‡ãi ci ÔAýÕ kãwU em‡j ÔbÕ Gi ¯‡j ÔYÕ nq| iƒcwU wP‡b ivLyb
c‚e©vnè, Acivnè,
†hgb: Aci + Aý = Acivnè, c‚e© + Aý = c‚e©vnè, cÖ + Aý = cÖvnè| n+Y = nè
mvqvý, ga¨vý
Ab¨Î ÔnÕ Gi mv‡_ ÔbÕ n‡q _v‡K| †hgb: mvqvý, ga¨vý BZ¨vw`| n+b = ý
 KZ¸‡jv k‡ã ¯^fveZB ÔYÕ nq|
PvYK¨ gvwYK¨ MY evwYR¨ jeY gY 01. ÔgvwYK¨Õ k‡ã ÔYÕ e‡m‡Q Y-Z¡ weav‡bi
‡eYy exYv K¼Y KwYKv †Kvb wbq‡g? [mve-‡iwR÷ªvi: 12]
Kj¨vY †kvwYZ gwY ¯vYy ¸Y cyY¨ †eYx K. ÔgÕ e‡Y©i c‡i ÔYÕ nq
dYx AYy wecwY MwYKv L. ÔKÕ eY© Ges ÔgÕ e‡Y©i gv‡S ÔYÕ nq
D`vniY AvcY jveY¨ evYx wbcyY fwYZv cvwY M. ÔKÕ e‡Y©i c~‡e© ÔYÕ nq
‡M․Y †KvY fvY cY kvY N. ¯^fveZB ÔYÕ nq DËi: N
wP°Y wb°Y Z~Y K‡dvwY (KbyB) ewYK ¸Y 02. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [cÖv_wgK we`¨v. cÖavb wk: 12]
MYbv wcYvK cY¨ evY K. Mbbv L. MbYv
M. MYYv N. MYbv DËi : N
Y-Z¡-wb‡la (evbv‡b `šÍ¨-b)

hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (AZrmg k‡ã) U-e‡M©i c~‡e© B›Uvi DB›Uvi Kv‡i›U MÖ¨vÛ †UÛvi c¨v›Um
`šÍ¨-b nq| †hgb : e¨vÛ jÛb †m›Uªvj
hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k‡ã) Z- AbšÍ AšÍi½ GKvšÍ K¬všÍ R¦jšÍ gš¿x
e‡M©i (Z _ ` a b) c~‡e© `šÍ¨-b nq| †hgb : MÖš cvš µ›`b Awb›`¨ civbœ cÖ”Qbœ ivbœv
mvwbœa¨ AšÍ `yišÍ kvšÍ MÖwš e›`yK
mwÜ I mgvm‡hv‡M MwVZ k‡ãi evbv‡b `šÍ¨-b AMÖbvqK Anwb©k ÿywbœe„wË wPÎv¼b `ybv©g `ywb©evi
envj _v‡K (Y-Z¡ weavb Lv‡U bv)| †hgb : `ybx©wZ wbwb©‡gl wkÿv½b wÎbqb g„Mbvwf me©bvg
nwibvg ciwb›`v
Z™¢e, †`wk I we‡`wk k‡ã me©Î †K¬vwib Avcb Avqib Kzwb©k †Kvivb wMÖb wPiæwb
`šÍ¨-b n‡e| †hgb : †Wªb Sibv aib evwb©k †giæb jÚb wknib
B÷vb© nb© †Kivwb Rvg©vb dvwb©Pvi †m‡KÛ
wµqvc‡ì evbv‡b `šÍ¨-b nq| †hgb : K‡ib Kiv‡bv aiæb a‡ib cv‡ib
F, i, l- Gi ci ¯îeY©, K-eM©, c-eM©, h, l, e, q, n, wKsev s ‡mvbv AR©b eR©b wemR©b wMwbœ
e¨ZxZ Ab¨ eY© _vK‡j cieZx© `šÍ¨-b g~a©b¨-Y nq bv| †hgb :
evbv‡b g~a©b¨-l-Gi eënvi
F wKsev F-Kvi ( „)-Gi c‡i g~a©b¨-l nq| üówPË Fwl K…wl K…lK K„ò Z…òv
†hgb: Z…lv Z…wlZ `„wó m„wó DrK…ó
i-aŸwb †id ( ©)-Gi iƒc wb‡q †Kv‡bv AvKl©Y wPKxl©v wegl© gyg~ly© nl© cl©` gnwl©
e¨Äbe‡Y©i gv_vq em‡j H e¨Ä‡bi ci Cl©v DrKl© el©Y kxl© el©v mßwl© Nl©Y
g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb :
A, Av Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb ¯îeY© Ges K&, i& Clr Pÿz®§vb GlYv †Kvl nl© wRMxlv welg
e‡Y©i cieZx© `šÍ¨-m g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : fwel¨r mßwl© gyg~ly© Elv kxl© wPKxl©v
B-KvivšÍ I D-KvivšÍ Dcm‡M©i ci KZ¸‡jv m½ ˃ Abyl½ †mK ˃ Awf‡lK ¯vb ˃ Awaôvb
avZz‡Z g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : myß ˃ mylyß GiƒcÑ cwil`, cÖwZ‡laK, welv`, Awfwl³, wblyß,
cÖwZôvb, welq, welg, mylgv|
hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg k‡ã) U-e‡M©i c~‡e© Awbó Aóg Avoó Dw”Qó Dc‡`óv Kó
g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : †Póv †Mvôx cÖwZôv f~wgô †kÖô Kvô
ewjô Kwbô •R¨ô myôz
mwÜ‡Z wemM©hy³ B-Kvi ev D-Kv‡ii ci K L c d-Gi †h †Kv‡bv wb®úÖf (wbt+cÖf) wb®‥i (wbt+Ki)
GKwU _vK‡j wemM© (t) ¯v‡b g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : wbõj (wbt+dj) ewn®‥vi (ewnt+Kvi)
cwi®‥vi (cwit+Kvi)
m¤¢vlYm~PK k‡ã G-Kv‡ii ci g~a©b¨-l eëüZ nq| †hgb: Kj¨vYx‡qly kÖ×v¯ú‡`ly †¯œnv¯ú‡`ly eÜze‡ily myR‡bly
 KZ¸‡jv k‡ã ¯^fveZB ÔlÕ nq| †hgb :
Avlvp ‡kl Clr ‡Øl 01. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [12Zg wewmGm (cywjk)]
fvlv Kjyl fvl¨ gvbyl K. cvlvY L. cvlvb
‡lvok ‡Kvl ‡c․l ‡ivl M. cvmvb N. cvkvb DËi: K
lU cyiæl lÐ cÖZ~¨l 02. wbZ¨ g~a©Y¨-l †Kvb k‡ã eZ©gvb? [20Zg I
D`vniY Avfvl fvlY Awfjvl ‡cvlY 24Zg wewmGm]
Eli ‡ZvlY Elv ‡kvlY K. Kó L. Dcwblr
Jla welvY lohš¿ cvlvY M. Kj¨vYx‡qly N. Avlvp DËi : N
we‡kl f~lY mwilv `~lY|
AviI wKQz D`vniY- loFZz BZ¨vw`|
l-Z¡-wb‡la (evbv‡b `šÍ¨-m/Zvje¨-k)

hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg I A-Zrmg mKj k‡ã) Z-e‡M©i Aa¯Íb B¯Ídv DØv¯‧ I¯Ív` K¯‧wi
c~‡e© `šÍ¨-m nq| †hgb : Kv‡¯Í Rei`w¯Í ¯vb ¯vbxq ¯^v¯¨
hy³e¨Äb MV‡b (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k‡ã) P-e‡M©i c~‡e© Avðh© `yðwiÎ wbðq cðvr cÖvqwðË
Zvje¨-k nq| ‡hgb : e„wðK wbwñ`ª
Z™¢e ev LvuwU evsjv k‡ã g~a©b¨-l nq bv, `šÍ¨-m nq| †hgb wgb‡m
:
A, Av e‡Y© wemM© (t) _vK‡j AZtci K, L, c, d bg¯‥vi (bg t + Kvi) wZi¯‥vi (wZt + Kvi)
_vK‡j mwÜ‡Z wem‡M©i ¯v‡b `šÍ¨-m nq| †hgb : gb¯‥vg (gbt + Kvg) cyi¯‥vi (cyit + Kvi)
Aviwe, dviwm, Bs‡iwR BZ¨vw` we‡`wk fvlv wRwbm †cvkvK gv÷vi †cv÷ wKkwgk bvkZv
†_‡K AvMZ k‡ã ÔlÕ nq bv| †hgb : †cvkvK †e‡nkZ kL kqZvb kieZ kig
kni kvwgqvbv kvU© †m․wLb cÖ‡fv÷ ‡i÷z‡i›U
we‡`wk k‡ã, we‡kl K‡i Bs‡iwR k‡ã s t D”PviY¯‡j Ô÷Õ †÷kb d‡Uv÷¨vU ÷zwWI gv÷vi †÷wWqvg
nq| †hgb : AvM÷
ÔmvrÕ cÖZ¨‡qi `šÍ¨-m g~a©b¨-l nq bv| †hgb : AwMœmvr a~wjmvr f~wgmvr
m¤¢vlYm~PK ¯¿xevPK k‡ã Av-Kv‡ii ci g~a©b¨-l bv n‡q Kj¨vYxqvmy gvbbxqvmy myRbxqvmy c~Rbxqvmy myPwiZvmy
`šÍ¨-m nq| †hgb : mywcÖqvmy
g½j Kvgbvq ÔwkmÕ evbv‡b ÔlÕ n‡e bv| †hgb ïfvwkm †¯œnvwkm Avwkm
‡Kv‡bv k‡ã Ô¯Í/¯/¯ú/ùÕ _vK‡j ÔlÕ e‡m bv| †hgb wb¯Í ä ù~wZ©
O/s-Gi eënvi
01. mwÜ‡Z (Zrmg k‡ã) cÖ_g c‡ì †k‡l g& _vK‡j K-e‡M©i (K, L, M, N) c~‡e© g& ¯v‡b Aby¯v^ i (s) n‡e| †hgb : AnsKvi
(Ang& + Kvi), wKsKi, SsKvi, fqsKi, msKí, msKxY©, msMxZ, msN, msNvZ, ûsKvi|
02. Dch©y³ wbq‡g mwÜRvZ bv n‡j, hy³e¨Ä‡b K-e‡M©i c~‡e© g& ¯v‡b O (D‡qvu) n‡e| †hgb : AvKvOÿv, A¼zi, A½, Bw½Z,
D”Q…•Lj, Kvw•ÿZ, M½v, Rw½, `v½v, c¼R, c½y, e½, fw½, j•Nb, wkÿv½b, m½x|
03. cÖZ¨q I wefw³nxb k‡ãi †k‡l Aby¯^vi (s) eëüZ nq| †hgb : Avos, B`vbxs, Ges, V¨vs, Xs, cvjs, dwos, eis, is,
wks|
04. Z‡e Aby¯^vihy³ k‡ã cÖZ¨q, wefw³ ev ¯îeY© hy³ n‡j s ¯‡j O †jLv n‡e| †hgb : Avo‡O, U‡O, X‡O, dwo‡Oi, iwOb,
ivwO‡q, m‡Oi|
05. A¼/ AsK : mymsnZ †g․j GKK k‡ã ÔOÕ nq; Aby¯^vi (s) nq bv| †hgb- A¼, wj½, e½, c½y evbvb¸‡jv ï×|
ePbNwUZ fzj
ÔePbÕ e¨vKi‡Yi GKwU cvwifvwlK kã| Gi A_© msL¨vi aviYv| e¨vKi‡Y we‡kl¨ ev me©bv‡gi msL¨vMZ aviYv cÖKv‡ki
Dcvq‡K e‡j ePb| evsjvq eûePb cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ n‡iK iK‡gi mgwó‡evaK kã eëüZ nq|
 ‡Kej we‡kl¨ I me©bvg k‡ã ePb‡f` nq| †Kvb †Kvb mgq Uv, wU, Lvbv, Lvwb BZ¨vw` †hvM K‡i we‡k‡lï
GKePb wb‡`©k Kiv nq| †hgb : MiæUv, evQziUv, KjgUv, LvZvLvbv, eBLvwb BZ¨vw`|
 evsjvq eûePb cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ iv, Giv, ¸wj, ¸‡jv, w`M, †ì cÖf…wZ wefw³ hy³ nq Ges me, mKj, mgy`q, K~j,
e„›`, eM©, wbPq, ivwR, ivwk, cvj, `vg, wbKi, gvjv, Avewj, cÖf…wZ mgwó‡evaK kã eëüZ nq| mgwó‡evaK
kã¸‡jvi †ewkifvMB Zrmg ev ms¯‥…Z fvlv †_‡K AvMZ|
cÖvwYevPK I AcÖvwYevPK Ges BZi cÖvwYevPK I DbœZ cÖvwYevPK kã‡f‡` wewfbœ ai‡bi eû ePb‡evaK cÖZ¨q I mgwó‡evaK
kã hy³ nq| †hgb-
01. iv : †Kej DbœZ cÖvwYevPK k‡ãi m‡½ ÔivÕ wefw³i eënvi cvIqv hvq| †hgb :
QvÎiv †Ljv †`L‡Z †M‡Q| wkÿ‡Kiv Ávb `vb K‡ib|
o †h ai‡bi k‡ã ÔivÕ hy³, †m ai‡bi k‡ãi †k‡l †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq ÔGivÕ eëüZ nq| †hgb- ‡g‡qiv wS‡qiv
GKÎ n‡q‡Q|
o mgq mgq KweZv ev Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b AcÖvwY I BZi cÖvwYevPK k‡ãI Ôiv/GivÕ hy³ nq| †hgb: cvwLiv AvKv‡k
D‡o †`wLqv wnsmvq wccxwjKviv weavZvi Kv‡Q cvLv Pvq| Kv‡Kiv GK weivU mfv Kij|
GB wbq‡g †hfv‡e AccÖ‡qvM n‡Z cv‡i-
K¬v‡m A‡bK QvÎQvÎxiv G‡mwQj| me wkÿ‡Kiv Ávb `vb K‡ib|
me QvÎiv iscyi ivBWv‡m©i †Ljv †`L‡Z †M‡Q|
02. ¸jv, ¸wj, ¸‡jv cÖvwYevPK I AcÖvwYevPK k‡ãi eûeP‡b hy³ nq| †hgb-
AZ¸‡jv Kzgov w`‡q Kx n‡e? Avg¸‡jv UK|
UvKv¸‡jv w`‡q `vI| gq~i¸‡jv cy”Q bvwo‡q bvP‡Q|
03. DbœZ cÖvwYevPK gbyl¨ k‡ãi eûeP‡b eëüZ kã-
MY †èMY, biMY, RbMY BZ¨vw`| e„›` mzaxe„›`, f³e„›`, wkÿKe„›` BZ¨vw`|
gÐjx wkÿKgÐjx, m¤úv`KgÐjx BZ¨vw`| eM© cwÐZeM©, gwš¿eM© BZ¨vw`|
Aï× ï×
wkÿv_©xMY cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx bq| mKj wkÿv_©x cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx bq|
ZviKve„›` AvKv‡k R¦jR¦j Ki‡Q| ZviKvivwR AvKv‡k R¦jR¦j Ki‡Q|
04. cÖvwYevPK I AcÖvwYevPK k‡ãi eûeP‡b eëüZ kã-
Kzj KweKzj, cwÿKzj, gvZ…Kzj, e„ÿKzj| mKj ce©ZmKj, gbyl¨mKj BZ¨vw`|
me fvBme, cvwLme BZ¨vw`| mg~n e„ÿmg~n, gbyl¨mg~n BZ¨vw`|
05. Avewj, ¸”Q, `vg, wbKi, cyÄ, gvjv, ivwR, ivwk| †hgb- MÖšvMv‡i iwÿZ cy¯ÍKvewj, KweZv¸”Q, Kzmyg`vg, KgjwbKi,
†gNKzÄ, ce©Zgvjv, ZviKvivwR, evwjivwk, KzmygwbPq BZ¨vw`|
g‡b cvj I h~_ kã `ywU †Kej Rš‧i eûeP‡b ivLvj Miæi cvj j‡q hvq gv‡V|
ivLyb eëüZ nq| †hgb- nw¯Íh~_ gv‡Vi dmj bó Ki‡Q|
eûeP‡bi cÖ‡qvM •ewkó¨
01. we‡kl¨ k‡ãi GKeP‡bi eënv‡iI A‡bK mgq eûePb †evSv‡bv nq| †hgb-
wmsn e‡b _v‡K (GKePb I eûePb `y-B †evSvq)| ‡cvKvi Avµg‡Y dmj bó nq (eûePb)|
evRv‡i †jvK R‡g‡Q (eûePb)| evMv‡b dzj dz‡U‡Q (eûePb)|
02. GKePbvZ¥K we‡k‡lï Av‡M AR¯ª, A‡bK, we¯Íi, eû, bvbv, †Xi BZ¨vw` eûZ¡‡evaK kã we‡klY wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡iI
eûePb †evSv‡bv nq| †hgb-
AR¯ª †jvK we¯Íi UvKv A‡bK QvÎ eû †gngvb bvbv K_v †Xi LiP A‡Xj UvKv cqmv
03. A‡bK mgq we‡kl¨ I we‡klY c‡ì wØZ¡ cÖ‡qv‡MI eûePb mvwaZ nq| †hgb-
nvuwo nvuwo m‡›`k Kvuwo Kvuwo UvKv eo eo gvV jvj jvj dzj
04. we‡kl wbq‡g mvwaZ eûePb : eûevPK me©bvg I we‡kl¨|
†g‡qiv KvbvKvwb Ki‡Q| GUvB Kwig‡ì evwo|
iex›`ªbv_iv cÖwZw`b Rb¥vq bv| mK‡j me Rv‡b bv|
05. KwZcq we‡`wk k‡ã, †m fvlvi Abymi‡Y eûePb nq| †hgb- Avb †hv‡M : eyRyM© - eyRyM©vb, mv‡ne-mv‡nevb|
o ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbqg : GKBm‡½ `yBevi eûePbevPK cÖZ¨q ev kã eëüZ nq bv| †hgb - me gvbylB A_ev gvbyl
A_ev gvby‡liv giYkxj (ï×)| mKj gvby‡livB giYkxj (fzj)|
ePbNwUZ ïw×Ki‡Yi AviI D`vniY
mKj Av‡jgMY/cixÿKMY AvR Dcw¯Z| mKj Av‡jg/ Av‡jgMY/ mKj cixÿK AvR Dcw¯Z|
mKj wkÿKMY/mKj QvÎiv h_vmg‡q Dcw¯Z n‡q‡Q| mKj wkÿK/ me QvÎ/QvÎiv wkÿKMY h_vmg‡q Dcw¯Z n‡q‡Q|
‡PviwU me gvjmy× aiv c‡o‡Q| ‡PviwU gvjmy× aiv c‡o‡Q|
wek Rb QvÎiv/GKk evjKMY ¯‥z‡j hvq| wek Rb QvÎ/GKk evjK ¯‥z‡j hvq|
mKj gvby‡livB giYkxj| gvbyl giYkxj|
bx‡ivM †jvKiv h_v_© myLx bx‡ivM ‡jvK h_v_© myLx|
mgy`q cÿxivB bxo evu‡a| me cÿxB bxo evu‡a|
Abœvfv‡e cÖwZ N‡i N‡i nvnvKvi| Abœvfv‡e cÖwZ N‡i nvnvKvi|
mKj mf¨MY GLv‡b Dcw¯Z wQ‡jb| mKj mf¨/mf¨MY GLv‡b Dcw¯Z wQ‡jb|
me gvQ¸‡jvi `vg KZ? gvQ¸‡jvi `vg KZ?
m`vme©`v †Zvgvi Dcw¯Z cÖv_©bxq| me©`v †Zvgvi Dcw¯wZ cÖv_©bxq|
AvRKvj evbv‡bi e¨vcv‡i mKj QvÎivB Ag‡bv‡hvMx| AvRKvj evbv‡bi e¨vcv‡i me QvÎB Ag‡bv‡hvMx|
`y®‥…wZ‡ì QzwU †Ìqv DwPZ bq| `y®‥…wZKvix‡ì QzwU †Ìqv DwPZ bq|
bvbvwea cÿxMY Mv‡Qi Wv‡j bxo evu‡a| bvbvwea cÿx Mv‡Qi Wv‡j bxo evu‡a|
hveZxq †jvKmg~n †gjvq G‡m‡Q| hveZxq †jvK †gjvq G‡m‡Q|
my›ì-my›ì eB¸wj cvewjK jvB‡eªwi‡Z _v‡K| my›ì-my›ì eB/ my›ì eB¸wj cvewjK jvB‡eªwi‡Z _v‡K|
mwÜNwUZ Aïw×
mwÜNwUZ fzjmg~n ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ mwÜi wbqgmg~n Rvbv _vK‡Z nq| mwÜ P¨vÞv‡i Avgiv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie| GLv‡b
ïay ev‡K¨ eûj eëüZ Aï× As‡ki ï× iƒcwU wkLe|
Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
‡m wkicxovq Kó cv‡”Q ‡m wkitcxovq Kó cv‡”Q †m gbK‡ó MÖvg Qvwoj ‡m gbtK‡ó MÖvg Qvwoj
wbqg : wKQz k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î mwÜi †Kvb wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| †hgb : gbt + Kó = gbtKó, cÖvZt + Kvj = cÖvZtKvj, wkit +
cxov = wkitcxov, eb + cwZ = eb¯úwZ, ci + ci = ci¯úi, gbm& + Clv = gbxlv|
Aï× ï×
‡Zvgvi wZi®‥vi I cyi®‥vi wKQzB PvB bv ‡Zvgvi wZi¯‥vi I cyi¯‥vi wKQzB PvB bv|
wbqg :
o A-Gi c‡i wemM© _vK‡j ÔmÕ nq| †hgbÑ gbt + Kvgbv = gb¯‥vgbv |
o B-Gi c‡i wemM© _vK‡j ÔlÕ nq| †hgb- Avwet + Kvi = Avwe®‥vi|
wki‡”Q` bq, wemM© mwÜi wbq‡g ÔPÕ ev ÔQÕ wemM© (t) Gi c‡i _vK‡j ÔwemM©Õ Gi ¯‡j ÔkÕ nq| †hgb-
wki‡ñ` wkit + ‡Q` = wki‡ñ` wbt + Pq = wbðq
 kÖ×vÄwj : ÔAÄwjÕ kã †h †Kvb k‡ãi mv‡_ hy³ n‡jI Zv ÔAÄwjÕ-B i‡q hvq| †hgb- MxZvÄwj,
cy®úvÄwj BZ¨vw`|
 fwel¨ØvYx/fewl¨revYx : mwÜi wbqgvbyhvqx fwel¨r Gi mv‡_ evYx †hvM n‡j Zv Avi fwel¨revYx _v‡K bv,
n‡q hvq fwel¨ØvYx| †hgb- fwel¨r + evYx = fwel¨ØvYx|
¯îmwÜi GKwU wbqg Abymv‡i, A wemM© mwÜi wbqgvbymv‡i, wem‡M©i (t) ci hw`..
+ A = Av nq| ‡m wn‡m‡e ¯îeY©, e‡M©i Z…Zxq, PZz_©, cÂg ev h, I, j, e, n
`yie¯v/ `yive¯v `yive¯v nq| Z‡e GwU MwVZ _v‡K Z‡e wemM©-Gi ¯v‡b ÔiÕ nq| †hgb-
n‡q‡Q wemM© mwÜi `yt + Ae¯v = `yie¯v; `yt + AšÍ = `yišÍ, `yt + †hvM
wbqgvbymv‡i..(Wv‡bi Kjvg †`Lyb) = `y‡h©vM|
 Aï× : Zvi `yive¯v †`L‡j Avgvi Kó cvq|
 ï× : Zvi `yie¯v †`L‡j Avgvi Kó nq|
mwÜNwUZ Aï× I ï× k‡ãi ZvwjKv
Aï× ï× Aï× ï× Aï× ï×
e‡›`vcva¨vq e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wkicxov wkitcxov gb‡gvnb g‡bv‡gvnb
hkjvf h‡kvjvf wb‡ivM bx‡ivM e¨veavb eëavb
kÖ×vÄjx kÖ×vÄwj AatMwZ A‡avMwZ g‡bvKó gbtKó
gb‡hvM g‡bv‡hvM wbùj wbõj ‡ZRP›`ª †ZRð›`ª
wbim bxim ev‡Mkîx evMxkîx e¨vemv eëmv
hkcÖfv hktcÖfv kirP›`ª ki”P›`ª A`¨wc A`¨vwc
wZi®‥vi wZi¯‥vi e¨cvi e¨vcvi g„‡Z¨vËxY© g„Zz¨ËxY©
Dc‡iv³ Dch©y³ wKse`šÍx wKse`wšÍ RMP›`ª RMrP›`ª
wki‡”P` wki‡ñ` GZØviv GZÏ¦viv g‡šÍvl g‡bv‡¯Ívl
gbvšÍi gš^šÍi ¯^q¤î ¯^qsei ‡ZR-B›`ª ‡Z‡R›`ª
`~iv`„ó `~i`„ó ck^vag ckâg j¾v¯‥i j¾vKi
cÖZ¨cKvi cÖZy¨cKvi Zceb Z‡cveb `yive¯v `yie¯v
cÖZ¨qNwUZ Aïw×
GB Pvi cÖZ ¨‡qi C-Kvi wb‡q D`vniY-
mgm¨v nq
GB cÖZ¨q¸‡jv k‡ãi †k‡l e‡m c` `vqx + Z¡ = `vwqZ¡ ¯vqx + Z¡ = ¯vwqZ¡
cwieZ©‡bi (we‡klY †_‡K we‡kl¨) ¯^vgx + Z¡ = ¯^vwgZ¡ mn‡hvMx + Zv = mn‡hvwMZv
Z¡, Zv, bx, Yx gva¨‡g bZzb kã MVb K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZØ›Øx + Zv = cÖwZØw›ØZv wejvmx + Zv = wejvwmZv
gRvi e¨vcvi nj, k‡ãi †k‡l C- cÖwZ‡hvMx + Zv = cÖwZ‡hvwMZv m½x + bx = mw½bx
Kvi _vK‡j Ges Zvici GB Pvi cmvix + Yx = cmvwiYx cybwg©jbx, wUàbx, Zcw¯^bx
cÖZ¨q em‡j C-Kvi cwiewZ©Z n‡q e¨wZµg : bvixZ¡, mZxZ¡ evbvb¸‡jv‡Z ÔC-KviÕ n‡e, ÔB-KviÕ
B-Kvi n‡q hvq| n‡e bv|
DrKl©Zv bq, ÔDrKl©Õ kãwU we‡kl¨ Ges ï×|

DrKl© ÔDrKl©Õ Gi mv‡_ ÔZvÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM Kivi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| KviY DrKl©Zv Aï× n‡e|
e Z¡ Ë¡ Z¨ Z¥
k‡ãi †k‡l LÐ-Z (r), ‡h k‡ãi †k‡l LÐ-Z ‡k‡l ÔZÕ Av‡Q Ggb ms¯‥ … Z ÔAvZ¥bÕ kã
cy‡iv ÔZÕ Ges Ô`Õ (r) _v‡K †m k‡ãi k‡ãi m‡½ ò¨-cÖZ ¨q †_‡K MwVZ me k‡ãB
e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb eY© †k‡l hw` ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i we‡kl¨ c` Z-Gi mv‡_ ÔgÕ hy³
_vK‡j Ges H kã‡K †hvM nq, k‡ãi †k‡l MVb Ki‡j k‡ãi †k‡l n‡q Z-‡q-g-djv nq|
Z-‡q ÔhÕ djv (Z¨) nq| †hgb: AvZ¥Kg©,
Z¡, Ë¡, Zr, Z¥ ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M we‡kl¨ Z + Z + e A_©vr
D‡jøL¨ †h, G RvZxq AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK,
c` MVb Ki‡j k‡ãi Z‡q-Z‡q-e-djv (Ë¡) k‡ãi Avw`¯^‡ii e„w× AvZ¥wb‡qvM,
†k‡l ÔZ¡Õ (Z+e) nq| nq| †hgb: gnr + Z¡ N‡U| †hgb: wecixZ + AvZ¥wek^vm, AvZ¥NvZx,
†hgb- bZzbZ¡, bvMwiKZ¡, = gnË¡, mr + Z¡ = ò¨ = •ecixZ¨, ¯cwZ + AvZ¥cÿ, AvZ¥cÖeÂbv
†bZ…Z¡, ivRZ¡, gvZ…Z¡,
eÜzZ¡ BZ¨vw`| mË¡ , Zr + Z¡ = ZË¡ ò¨ = ¯vcZ¨ BZ¨vw`| BZ¨vw`|
BZ¨vw`|
 axi †_‡K ‣ah© : ÔaxiÕ k‡ãi mv‡_ Ôh-cªZ¨qÕ hy³ n‡j k‡ãi †k‡li ÔiÕ n‡q hvq †id ( © ) Ges cÖZ¨qwU ZLb ÔhÕ
n‡q hvq| †hgb- axi + h = •ah©| Gfv‡e gvayh©, mvnPh© BZ¨vw`| g‡b ivLyb, GB evbv‡b Ôh-djv †`qv n‡j evbvb fzj n‡e|
 mË¡ : G kãwUi wZbwU A_© Av‡Q| h_v- Aw¯ÍZ¡, cÖvY Ges im| †hgb-AšÍtmË¡v (mwÜNwUZ kã), AvgmË¡ BZ¨vw`| g~j
kãwU nj ÔmrÕ| Gi mv‡_ ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q ÔmË¡Õ| g‡b ivLvi welq n‡jv- Z-‡q-Z-‡q-e-djv (Ë¡)|
cÖZ¨qRwbZ Aï× ev‡Kï `„óvšÍ
Aï× ï×
G `vqxZ¡ Avgv‡K wÌ bv| G `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡K wÌ bv|
‣ah©Zv, mwnòzZv gn‡Z¡i jÿb| ‣ah©, mwnòzZv gn‡Ë¡i jÿY|
Kv‡ivi Rb¨B •`b¨Zv Kvw•LZ bv| Kv‡ivi Rb¨B •`b¨/`xbZv Kvw•ÿZ bv|
cÖZ¨qRwbZ Aï× I ï× k‡ãi ZvwjKv
‡m․Rb¨Zv ‡m․Rb¨ HK¨Zv HK¨/GKZv Avek¨Kxq Avek¨K
Abvek¨Kxq Abvek¨K mL¨Zv mL¨ Kvh©evûj¨Zv Kvh©evûj¨
wmwÂZ wm³ `vwi`ª¨Zv `vwi`ª¨/ `wi`ªZv gnxgvgq gwnggq
we`¨vb weØvb fvM¨gvb fvMëvb m„wRZ m„ó
‡`vlYxq `~lYxq AvjmZv Avjm¨ wmwÂb ‡mPb
DrKl©Zv DrKl© ‣ewkó¨Zv ‣ewkó¨ kgZv kg
cwiZ¨vh¨ cwiZ¨vR¨ ‣ah©Zv axiZv/‣ah© ‣`bZv ‣`b¨/`xbZv
mgvm-NwUZ Aïw×
mgvme× c` ÔAvKÉÕ hvi A_© n‡jv ÔKÉ ch©šÍÕ| myZivs Aï× : AvKÉ ch©šÍ †fvRb Kijvg|
Ôch©šÍÕ Ry‡o ÔAvKÉÕ Gi mv‡_ Avevi Ôch©šÍÕ Ry‡o †`qv Aï×| GB ï× : AvKÉ †fvRb Kijvg|
w`‡eb bv iƒc kã AvRb¥, AvRvby, AvgiY, Avcv`g¯ÍK BZ¨vw`|
ï× : KÉ ch©šÍ †fvRb Kijvg|
mgvme× kã¸‡jv h_vm¤¢e GKm‡½ wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
A`„óc~e© ঄নাস্বাদিতন৅র্ ব ‡bkvMÖ¯Í AKvjcÖqvZ cÖPvigva¨g `„wócÖwZeÜx
wcZvcyÎ ন৅র্ বপদরদিত welv`gwÐZ Abb¨mvaviY AvcbRb µqÿgZv
মঙ্গ঱র্ার iweevi jÿ¨åó Rwg`vievwo Rxebaviv fvewewbgq
঴ংর্ািপত্র ঴ংযতর্াক ঴মস্যান৅ূ্র্ ব RxebmsMÖvg Rxebmw½bx `jwbi‡cÿ
স্বভার্গতভাবর্ দ঴ং঵া঴ন গাবে঵লুি `„pcÖwZÁ wkÿveë¯v cÖevmRxeb
ev¯Íem¤§Z wec_Mvgx ‡eKvimgm¨v e¨w³gvwjKvbv grm¨m¤ú` hy³wee„wZ
hy×weaŸ¯Í gnvivR ag©eëmvqx bxwZwba©viK mvnvh¨ms¯v me©RbkÖ‡×q
mgy`‣ª mKZ mgvR‡mev ‡kvKmsev` c~e©cÖ¯‧wZ cvk^©cÖwZwµqv bxwZwba©viK
exYvcvwY gvZvwcZv ¯^vwgcyÎ
we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b mgvme× kãwU‡K GK ev GKvwaK nvB‡db (-) w`‡q hy³ Kiv hvq| †hgb: wKQz-bv-wKQz, Rj-¯j-AvKvk,
evc-‡eUv, gv-‡Q‡j, gv-‡g‡q|
ÔbvÕ ¯^Zš¿ c` wn‡m‡e Ges ÔwbÕ mgvme× c` wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| †hgb- Kwi bv, wKš‧ Kwiwb|
bv-evPK GQvov k‡ãi c~‡e©i bv-evPK DcmM© ÔbvÕ DËic‡ì m‡½ hy³ _vK‡e| †hgb: bvevjK, bvivR,
ÔbvÕ Ges ÔwbÕ bvnK &BZ¨vw`|
A_© cwi®‥vi Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRb Abyf~Z n‡j bv-Gi ci nvB‡db (-) eënvi
Kiv nq| ‡hgb: bv-‡Mvbv cvwL, bv-ejv evYx, bv-‡kvbv K_v|
mgvm-NwUZ Aï× I ï× k‡ãi ZvwjKv
mvbw›`Z Avbw›`Z PwÐ`vm PÐx`vm wb®úvcx wb®úvc
‡KejgvÎ ‡Kej wba©bx wba©b myKwÉbx myKwÉ/myKÉv
åvZv®úyÎ åvZz®úyÎ wbicivax wbiciva wb®‥j¼x wb®‥j¼
ivRvMY ivRMY mwebqc~e©K mweb‡q wbwe©‡ivax wbwe©‡iva
mkw¼Z mk¼ g„Mbqbx g„Mbqbv M„nxZv MÖnxZv
kkxf~lY kwkf~lY wb‡`v©lx wb‡`©vl ‡k^Zv½xwb ‡k^Zv½x/ †k^Zv½v
we‡klY cÖ‡qvMRwbZ Aïw×
Ômg„×Õ kãwU we‡klY, Gi mv‡_ Ômg„w×Õ kãwU we‡kl¨ Ges Gi mv‡_ ÔkvjxÕ ‡hvM K‡i
mg„w×kvjx ÔkvjxÕ †hvM K‡i cybivq Ômg„w×kvjxÕ (mg„×kvjx Gi cwie‡Z©) wjL‡j Zv ï× n‡e
mg„×kvjx we‡klY Kivi †Póv GK ai‡bi Ges kãwU GKwU we‡klY kã n‡e|
AccÖ‡qvM|
we‡klY c` cieZ©x c‡ì m‡½ hy³ fv‡jv w`b jvj †Mvjvc myMÜ dzj
n‡e bv mybxj AvKvk my›ìx †g‡q ¯Íä ga¨vý
we‡kl‡Yi mv‡_ `yBevi cÖZ¨q ‡hvM Kivi Kvi‡Y AccÖ‡qvM
‡m․nv`©¨Zv ‡m․nv`©¨ / †m․nv`© evûj¨Zv evûj¨ fvimvg¨Zv fvimvg¨
‡m․Rb¨Zv ‡m․Rb¨ Kvc©Y¨Zv Kvc©Y¨ PvZzh©Zv PvZzh©/PZziZv
AvwZkh¨Zv AvwZkh¨ Mv¤¢xh©Zv Mv¤¢xh© Pvcj¨Zv Pvcj¨
we‡klY cÖ‡qvMRwbZ AccÖ‡qv‡Mi `„óvšÍ
Aï× ï×
e¨vKzwjZ wP‡Ë Avwg Zv‡K †`L‡Z †Mjvg| e¨vKzj wP‡Ë Avwg Zv‡K †`L‡Z †Mjvg|
Rvg©vwb DbœZkxj †`k| Rvgv©wb DbœZ †`k|
mg„×kvjx evsjv‡`k Avgv‡ì jÿ¨| mg„×/ mg„w×kvjx evsjv‡`k Avgv‡ì jÿ¨|
Zvi `vwi`ª¨Zv Amnbxq Zvi `xbZv/ `wi`ªZv Amnbxq|
wngvjq c„w_exi me©v‡cÿv e„nËi ce©Z| wngvjq c„w_exi me©v‡cÿv D”P ce©Z|
wbðq msev` †c‡qwQ| wbwðZ msev` †c‡qwQ|
Abvek¨Kxq e¨vcv‡i ‡K․Z~nj fv‡jv bv| Abvek¨K e¨vcv‡i ‡K․Z~nj fv‡jv bv|
Avgvi UvKvi Avek¨K bvB| Avgvi UvKvi Avek¨KZv bvB|
evûj¨RwbZ Aïw×
ÔmÕ A_© mn GLv‡b ÔmÕ Ges Ô¯^Õ Gi AccÖ‡qvM †`Lv hvq..
Ô¯^Õ A_© wbR ÔAvcwb ¯^cwiev‡i Avgwš¿ZÕ wjL‡j fzj n‡e| ZvB wjL‡Z n‡e ÔAvcwb mcwiev‡i Avgwš¿ZÕ
 Ôegvjmy×Õ bvwK ÔegvjÕ : ÔeÕ GKwU dviwm DcmM©| DcmM©wUi A_© nj- mwnZ, m‡gZ ev my×| ZvB gvjmn †Pvi
aiv co‡j ej‡Z n‡e ÔegvjÕ| Ôegvjmy×Õ ej‡j evûj¨RwbZ AccÖ‡qvM n‡e|
 ÔB`vbxsÕ bvwK ÔB`vbxsKvjÕ : ÔB`vbxsÕ-Gi mv‡_ Kvj †hv‡M B`vbxsKvj †jLv Aï×| B`vbxsKvj wjL‡j
evûj¨RwbZ AccÖ‡qvM n‡e| ZvB ïay B`vbxs n‡e|
 mgq A_ev Kvj : ÔmgqÕ I ÔKvjÕ mgv_©K kã| mgv_©K A_© nIqv m‡Ë¡I bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y wØZ¡ -cÖ‡qvM †`Lv hvq|
mgqKvj bv e‡j mgq/Kvj Gi †h †Kvb GKwU cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ïay/ gvÎ, †Kej/gvÎ : ïay, gvÎ, †Kej G¸‡jv mgv_©K kã| ZvB G¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GKwU eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
ÔïaygvÎ GKevi ejÕ ev Ô‡KejgvÎ GKevi ejÕ Gi cwie‡Z© Ôïay GKevi ejÕ ev Ô‡Kej GKevi ejÕ wjL‡Z n‡e|
 AkÖæ/Rj : ÔAkÖæÕ Ges ÔRjÕ mgv_©K kã| ZvB `ywUi †h †Kvb GKUv ej‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq AccÖ‡qvM n‡e|
 ZrKvjxb mg‡q : ‧ZrKvjxbÕ A_© †mB mgq| myZivs ZrKvjx‡bi mv‡_ mgq Ry‡o w`‡j AccÖ‡qvM n‡e|
evûj¨RwbZ fzj ev‡Kï ms‡kvab
Aï× ï×
Avcwb Avgvi mc‡ÿ bv wec‡ÿ? Avcwb Avgvi c‡ÿ bv wec‡ÿ?
AvKÉ ch©šÍ †fvR‡b ¯^v¯¨nvwb N‡U? AvKÉ †fvR‡b ¯^v¯¨nvwb N‡U?
mgv_©K k‡ãi evûj¨RwbZ AccÖ‡qvM
my¯^v¯¨ ¯^v¯¨ AvqËvaxb AvqË/ Aaxb mg~jmn mg~j/ g~j mn
ïaygvÎ ïay/gvÎ mgqKvj mgq/Kvj my¯^vMZ ¯^vMZ
Aviw³g Avi³/iw³g K`vwcI K`vwc AvKÉ ch©šÍ AvKÉ
myeyw×gvb myeyw×/ eyw×gvb weweacÖKvi wewea egvjmy× egvj
cÖev` cÖePbRwbZ Aïw×
MÇvwjKv cÖevn : ÔMÇjÕ kãwUi A_© Ô‡fovÕ| ZvB ÔMÇvwjKvÕ bv n‡q ÔMÇwjKvÕ n‡e| ÔMÇvwjKv cÖevnÕ GKB Kvi‡Y
ÔMÇwjKv cÖevnÕ n‡e|
cÖev`-cÖPbRwbZ AccÖ‡qv‡Mi `„óvšÍ
Aï× ï×
BUwU gvi‡j cv_i †L‡Z nq| BUwU gvi‡j cvU‡KjwU †L‡Z nq|
`kP‡Îæ Ckî f~Z| `kP‡Îæ fMevb f~Z|
c‡i `k©b `vwi, Av‡M ¸Y wePvix| Av‡M `k©b`vwi, c‡i ¸YwePvix|
cqmvq ev‡Ni †PvL †g‡j cqmvq ev‡Ni `ya †g‡j|
byb Avb‡Z fvZ dz‡ivq| byb Avb‡Z cvšÍv dz‡ivq|
kKz‡bi †PvL gqjvi w`‡K| kKz‡bi †PvL fvMv‡oi w`‡K|
AbymM©RwbZ Aïw×
Aï× ï×
mxgvi g‡a¨ Amxg Zzwg, evRvI Avcb myi| mxgvi gv‡S Amxg Zzwg, evRvI Avcb myi|
kv‡Ki gva¨‡g gvQ XvKv A‡b‡Ki Af¨vm| kvK w`‡q gvQ XvKv A‡b‡Ki Af¨vm|
wfbœ †`‡k wfb& fvlv, wfbœ Mv‡bi myi| wfbœ †`‡k wfbœ fvlv, wfbœ Mv‡bi myi|
mK‡ji Rb¨ mK‡j Avgiv, cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avgiv c‡ii Z‡i| mK‡ji Z‡i mK‡j Avgiv, cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avgiv c‡ii Z‡i|
mZ¨ ewn wg_¨v ewje bv| mZ¨ eB wg_¨v ewje bv|
Aï× ï×
Zvi Kwbô †g‡qwU †ek mijv| Zvi Kwbôv †g‡qwU ‡ek mij|
wj½RwbZ Aïw× K…kvw½bx †g‡qwU cwikÖg Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| K…kv½x †g‡qwU cwikÖg Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
‡g‡qwU †hgb ZworKg©v †Zgwb my›ì| ‡g‡qwU †hgb KwirKg©v †Zgwb my›ìx|
‡n wÎbqbx, Avgv‡K iÿv Kiv| ‡n wÎbqbv, Avgv‡K iÿv K‡iv|
Aï× ï×
eyjeywj‡q avb †L‡q‡Q, LvRbv wè wK‡m? eyjeywj‡Z avb †L‡q‡Q, LvRbv wè wK‡m?
wefw³RwbZ Aïw× ev‡N-Miæ‡i GK Nv‡U cvwb Lvq| ev‡N-Miæ‡Z GK Nv‡U cvwb Lvq|
‡Nvov‡K Mvwo Uv‡b| ‡Nvovq Mvwo Uv‡b|
Avgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a fv‡Z| Avgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a-fv‡Z|
ìRv‡Z nvwZ evuav Av‡Q| ìRvq nvwZ evuav Av‡Q|
Aï× ï×
ev‡Kï ‡m mvM‡i nveyWzey, `ytL Lv‡”Q| ‡m `yt‡Li mvM‡i nveyWzey Lv‡”Q|
gvbyl ev‡Ni gvsm Lvq| evN gvby‡li gvsm Lvq|
c`µgRwbZ fzj wZwb mfvq Dcw¯Z wQj| wZwb mfvq Dcw¯Z wQ‡jb|
ms‡kvab kvwo civ bxj †g‡qwU‡K Avwg wPwb| bxj kvwo civ †g‡qwU‡K Avwg wPwb|
Rxe‡bi cvjvµ‡g `ytL Av‡m myL| Rxe‡b myL-`ytL cvjvµ‡g Av‡m|
wewea
 Bs‡iwR I Bs‡iwRi gva¨‡g AvMZ we‡`wk -s aŸwbi Rb¨ ÔmÕ Ges –sh, -sion, - ssion, -tion cÖf…wZ eY©¸”Q ev
aŸwbi Rb¨ ÔkÕ eëüZ n‡e| †hgb- cvm‡cvU©, evm, K¨vk, †Uwjwfkb, wgkb, †÷kb|
 ‡hLv‡b evsjvq we‡`wk k‡ãi evbvb cwiewZ©Z n‡q m, Q-Gi iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q †mLv‡b ÔQÕ-Gi eënvi _vK‡e|
†hgb- ZQbQ, cQ›`, wgQwi, wgwQj BZ¨vw`|
 Bmjvg ag© msµvšÍ K‡qKwU k‡ã weK‡í ÔhÕ †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb- Avhvb, Ihy, Kvhv, bvgvh, gyqvhwhb, †hvni,
ighvb, nhiZ|
 ÿxi, ÿzi I †ÿZ kã wLi, Lyi I †LZ bv wj‡L ms¯‥…Z g~j Abymi‡Y ÿxi, ÿzi I †ÿZ-B wjL‡Z n‡e| Z‡e A-
Zrmg kã Ly`, Ly‡`, wL‡`, Lyi, †LZ, L¨vcv BZ¨vw` †jLv n‡e|
 evsjvq cÖPwjZ we‡`wk k‡ã mvaviYfv‡e evsjv fvlvq aŸwb c×wZ Abyhvqx wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb- KvMR, Rv`y,
RvnvR, †Reªv, evRvi, nvRvi|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ï× evbvb
‡evì Kiv kãmg~n weMZ eQ‡ii cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cixÿvq G‡mwQj|
Aï× ï× Aï× ï× fvÛvi fvÐvi Avkxl Avwkm
m~ax myax cyi®‥vi cyi¯‥vi mÜv mÜ¨v Awab Aaxb
A`¨wc A`¨vwc Avgvem¨v Agvem¨v AvKv•Lv AvKv•ÿv ØxwZq wØZxq
AaMwZ A‡avMwZ Av`¨ÿi Av`¨vÿi MÖx¯§ MÖx®§ Avwke©v` Avkxe©v`
Ajm¨ Avjm¨ mvÿx`vb mvÿ¨`vb Avwe¯‥vi Avwe®‥vi kvwiixK kvixwiK
HKgZ HKgZ¨ cÖvZtivk cÖvZivk P~¨Z Pz¨Z d‡Uvó¨vU d‡Uv÷¨vU
AvqËvaxb AvqË A‡nvivwÎ A‡nvivÎ A™¢~Z A™¢zZ ঄ন্তঃ঴ত্তা ঄ন্তঃ঴ত্ত্বা
‡kÖvZve„›` ‡kÖvZ…e„›` exbvcvwY exYvcvwY Dwg© Ewg© GKvbœewZ© GKvbœeZ©x
AkÖæRj AkÖæ/Rj ¯^vZš¿ স্বাতন্ত্র্য DaŸ© EaŸ© উচ্ছা঴ D”Q¡vm
eyZcwË ey¨rcwË Avkw³ Avmw³ শুশ্রু঳া/ সুশ্রু঳া ïkÖƒlv দনবি বা঳ী দনবি বা঳
‡ZR¯…xqZv ‡ZRw¯…qZv wZZxÿv wZwZÿv `ywb©Zx `ybx©wZ ব্যাদতক্রম ব্যদতক্রম
Aáix Aáiv AwZZ AZxZ wbwY©‡gl wbwb©‡gl ‡kÖôZg me©‡kÖô
cyi®‥…Z cyi¯‥…Z mb¥vb m¤§vb যল঱াভ যবলা঱াভ evwj¥Kx evj¥xwK
`k©Y `k©b KwbôZg me©Kwbô অদ্র অদ্র ব ভীদর্঳ীকা দর্ভীদ঳কা
f~wg¯§vr f~wgmvr AvcÖvY cÖvYcY ঄দ্যর্দি ঄দ্যার্দি mwgwPb mgxPxb
cÖmskv cÖksmv D‡jøwLZ DwjøwLZ ঄স্তমান ঄স্তােমান wbwk_ wbkx_
`ywe©mn `ywe©ln P~l¨ ‡Pvl¨ Kz¾wUKv KzÀwUKv wefrm exfrm
aŸsk aŸsm mKvZi KvZi গদরেদ঴ গরীে঴ী fvwMiw_ fvMxi_x
cy•ÿvbycy•ÿ cy•Lvbycy•L Kj¨vb Kj¨vY evK`vb evM`vb wggvsmv gxgvsmv
‡R¨vô ‡R¨ô Iô Iô¨ স্বত্ত্বাদিকার স্বত্বাদিকার মধুসুিন মধুসূিন
D”Qvm D”Q¡vm weev`gvb wee`gvb `yive¯v `yie¯v ùzwZ© ù~wZ©
M„nxZv MÖnxZv Î¨vn¯úk© Î¨n¯úk© জব঱াচ্ছা঴ জব঱াচ্ছ্বা঴ ফকৌতু঵঱ ফকৌতূ঵঱
¯^viK_v mviK_v ‡f․MwjK ‡f․‡MvwjK kÖ×vÄjx kÖ×vÄwj g~gyl©y gyg~l©y
mskqcbœ mskqvcbœ K…”QZv K…”Q« স্বািী ঴ািী g~ûZ© gyn~Z©
AbyaŸ© Ab~aŸ© BwZg‡a¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨ Cw›`ªq Bw›`ªq স্থু঱ স্থূ঱
cxwcwjKv wccxwjKv GKwÎZ GKÎ লান্তনা ঴ান্ত্বনা মূি বণ্য মূি বন্য
g~ûgy©n~ gyûg©yû `xN©m~wÎZv `xN©m~ÎZv কবর্ ব঱ কবন ব঱ cÖwZØw›` cÖwZØ›Øx
mbœvmx mbœ¨vmx wkÿ‡qwÎ wkÿwqÎx অভযন্তরীর্ ঄ভযন্তরীর্ দর্বফারর্ দর্বফারর্
AZ¨vwaK AZ¨waK Aa©v½xbx Aa©v½x ততদিক তবতাদিক ঴ংষ্কৃত ঴ংস্কৃত
Aÿzbœ AÿzYœ ga¨vnè ga¨vý নৃ঴ংল নৃলং঴ পদরষ্ফুট পদরস্ফুট
Avek¨Kxq Avek¨K Mvqvnè mvqvý মবনাকষ্ট মনঃকষ্ট Nwbó Nwbô
ÿzavwccvmv ÿzrwccvmv Ewnè ewý ঴মূ঱঴঵ ঴মূব঱/ মূ঱঴঵ ঱ন্টন ঱ণ্ঠন
ÿzrwcwoZ ÿzrcxwoZ Kïi k^ïi সুি সূক্ষ্ম পালব পার্শ্ব
‡R¨vwZ›`ª ‡R¨vwZwi›`ª ন৅র্ বাহ্ন c~e©vnè দনঃবলদ঳ত দনঃবল঳ mZ¡ ¯^Ë¡
স্যাতব঴বত স্যাঁতবেঁবত ঄পরাহ্ন Acivnè ঴ঠিক ঠিক ‣ewkó ‣ewkó¨
স্মলান শ্মলান ঴মেকা঱ ঴মে/কা঱ ঄বপিমান ঄বপিমার্ স্বরস্বতী ঴রস্বতী
উৎক঳ বতা উৎক঳ ব উপর্য বদি উপর্য বপদর ঴মতুল্য ঴ম/ তুল্য সুিগ্র সূিযগ্র
b~b¨Zg b~¨bZg Dc‡iv³ Dchy©³ MxZvÄjx MxZvÄwj gbxwl gbxlx
‡m․Rb¨Zv ‡m․Rb¨ kkxf~lY kwkf~lY কঙ্কন কঙ্কর্ wKsKZ©e¨weg~o wKsKZ©e¨weg~p
উদ্বাস্ত উদ্বাস্তু দিন্যতা দিন্য/িীনতা K…ZxZ¡ K…wZZ¡ cvlvb cvlvY
জাতযাদভমান জাতযদভমান উতযি উত্তযি e¨vwZZ e¨ZxZ দলবরাপীড়া দলরঃপীড়া
দর্দূ঳ী দর্দু঳ী কাদমদন কাদমনী সুস্বাগতম স্বাগতম ঄বন্তদষ্ট ঄বন্তযদষ্ট
wZi®‥vi wZi¯‥vi wÎf~R wÎfzR কতৃবপিগর্ কতৃবপি ঄ন্তবরদিে ঄ন্তদরদিে
ফের্ ফেন দকদরট দকরীট আদতন৅ূ্বর্ ব আতঃন৅বর্ ব কটুদি কটূদি
Kj¨vYxqvly Kj¨vYxqvmy কা঱ীিা঴ কাদ঱িা঴ cw_K…Z cw_K…r K¡wPZ K¡wPr
বৃ঵ষ্পদত বৃ঵স্পদত দিদতল দিতীল দপিাল দপলাি ছন্দপতন ছন্দঃপতন
নৃ঴ং঴ নৃলং঴ নীদর঵ দনরী঵ ঄ষ্পৃশ্য ঄স্পৃশ্য ঴দত঴াির্ী ঴তী঴াির্ী
cÖ‡Kvó cÖ‡Kvô wb¯úbœ wb®úbœ ঘূর্ীেমার্ ঘূর্ বােমান ঐকযতা ঐকয/ একতা
nUvr nVvr DØyZ D™¢~Z ঄নাদিনী ঄নািা স্বােত্বলা঴ন স্বােত্তলা঴ন
m”Q›` ¯^”Q›` দূগাব দুগাব স্বাস্থ স্বাস্থয দুরত্ব দূরত্ব
Ø›` Ø›Ø নুনৄর নূনৄর সুস্বাস্থয স্বাস্থয ঴দ্যজাত ঴বদ্যাজাত
঴ভার্ স্বভার্ ন৅ণ্য নৄণ্য র্বন্দাপাধ্যাে র্বন্দযাপাধ্যাে অত্ম঴গ ব অবত্মাৎ঴গ ব
স্বাদত্ত্বক ঴াদত্ত্বক Anwb©wk Anwb©k জগৎর্ন্ধু জগর্ন্ধু কৃদত কৃতী
দনক্কন wbK¡Y, wbK¡vY ঄ত঱স্পলী ঄ত঱স্পলব দকম্বিন্তী দকংর্িদন্ত কুটনীদত কূটনীদত
Dwb¥jb Db¥xjb `vwi`ªZv `vwi`ª¨, `wi`ªZv
‡cÖv¾j ‡cÖv¾¡j দর্঳ন্ন দর্঳ণ্ণ
eyw×wRwe eyw×Rxex Amn¨bxq Amnbxq AZ¨vwaK AZ¨waK msmßK ঴ংলপ্তক
MfY©i Mfb©i ঵ীনমন্যতা ঵ীনম্মন্যতা wewKib wewKiY åvZz¯úyÎ åvZz®úyÎ
রূপা঱ী রুপাদ঱ দনরালা দনরাশ্য AbyKzj AbyK~j cxovwcwo cxovcxwo
উদিিী উিীিী মন্ত্র্ীপদর঳ি মদন্ত্র্পদর঳ি cybtiæ¾xeb cybiæ¾xeb
িীর্ বজীদর্ িীর্ বজীর্ী gš¿xmfv gwš¿mfv
AviI wKQz cÖ‡qvM-AccÖ‡qvM
gbylZ¡ gbyl¨Z¡ lvb¥vwmK lvY¥vwmK
AccÖ‡qvM ï× cÖ‡qvM AccÖ‡qvM ï× cÖ‡qvM
wefzwZf~lY wef~wZf~lY ZrKvjxY ZrKvjxb ZrKvjxb mgq
B`vbxsKvj B`vbxs ZrKvjxb
m½v msÁv Kzms®‥vi Kzms¯‥vi
Kvh©Kix Kvh©Ki Rb¥evwl©Kx Rb¥evwl©K
k~Y¨ k~b¨ ¸b ¸Y
egvjmy× gvjmn/egvj DrKl©Zv DrKl©
GK‡Î GKÎ ‣bFZ ‣bF©Z
†KejgvÎ ‡Kej/gvÎ mgZzj¨ mg/Zzj¨
f~wgaŸk f~wgam myPwiZvly myPwiZvmy
j¾v¯‥i j¾vKi j¾vRbK j¾vKi
A‡š^lb A‡š^lY ‣blã ‣btkã¨
cybwg©jbx cybwg©jb Zvc`vn `ve`vn
kskÖe ms¯ªe BwZc~‡e© BZtc~‡e©
AbœKvco Abœe¯¿ mgZzj¨ mg ev Zzj¨
wPiRxwe wPiRxex wb‡`©vlx wb‡`©vl
mwVK wVK wÎbqbx wÎbqbv
DËimyix DËim~wi Q›`wmK Qv›`wmK
Awabx Aaxbv wmswnbx wmsnx
`wawP àxwP `yixf~Z `~ixf~Z
my‡Kkxbx my‡Kkv Abvw_bx Abv_v
wbwin wbixn e¨vK~j e¨vKzj
Aa©vw½bx Aa©v½x wb‡`©vwlYx wb‡`©vl
‡i․`ªK‡ivR¦j ‡i․`ªK‡iv¾¡j ev¯úxq ev®úxq
e¨vKiYwe` ‣eqvKiY fvlvfvlx fvlx
my‡Kkxbx my‡Kkv/my‡Kkx/my‡Kwkbx
KvÛ KvÐ AvKv•Lv AvKv•ÿv
‡Mva~jx ‡Mva~wj ¯^vqËmvkb ¯^vqËkvmb cÖwZN‡i N‡i N‡i N‡i mgqKvj mgq/Kvj
mgwfe¨nv‡i mgwfe¨vnv‡i cÖwZwZ cÖZxwZ
ke‡cvov ke`vn AvqËvaxb AvqË
AaxY Aaxb Drk„•Lj D”Q…•Lj
gvóvi gv÷vi A‡nvivwÎ A‡nvivÎ
Rv¾¡j¨gvb RvR¦j¨gvb avuavu avuav AvKÉ/KÉ ch©šÍ
Anwb©wk Anwb©k AKÉ ch©šÍ
kv¯^Z kvk^Z ¯î¯^Zx mi¯^Zx
mvi_x mviw_ gbKó gbtKó A‡cvMÛ : kãwUi cÖK…Z A_© ÔbvevjK ev AcÖvß eq¯‥
evjK| Ac`v_©, AKg©Y¨ A‡_© kãwUi cÖ‡qvM wVK bq|
eªvþb eªvþY f`ªwPZ f‡`ªvwPZ
kxZZvc kxZvZc Afxkvc Awfkvc AvšÍR©vwZK : RvwZi AšÍM©Z ev RvwZi Avf¨šÍwiK welq
‡K․Zznj ‡K․Z~nj Av`¨všÍ Av`¨šÍ m¤úwK©Z| wewfbœ RvwZ msµvšÍ ev mve©RvwZK A‡_© cÖ‡qvM
Aï× n‡jI e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ|
ex‡K›`ªxKiY we‡K›`ªxKiY KwYbxKv KbxwbKv
MÖvgxb MÖvgxY cwic° cwicK¡ Kg©e¨c‡`‡k : kãwUi A_© ÔKv‡Ri QzZvqÕ| Kg©m~‡Î A‡_©
Aa¨vqb Aa¨qb gbgy»Ki g‡bvgy»Ki cÖ‡qvM fzj|
‡m․›`h©¨ ‡m․›`h© AwMœexbv AwMœexYv cÖvgvY¨ : cÖvgvY¨ k‡ãi A_© cÖvgvwYKZv ev wek^¯ÍZv| cÖvgvY¨
`y¯‥i `y®‥i R¦vjvgwq R¦vjvgqx kãwU we‡klY| ZvB cÖvgvwYK kãwUi wek^vm‡hvM¨Zv A‡_©
MjvaKiY MjvatKiY Ab~kvmb Abykvmb cÖ‡qvM wVK bq|
cÖZz¨rMgb cÖZz¨`Mgb Nybv©qgvb N~Y©vqgvb LvuwU Miæi `ya : evK¨wU ï× bq| KviY A‡_©i ZviZg¨
¯^Ëv mËv AšÍt¯ AšÍ¯j n‡q‡Q| Miæ LvuwU nq Kxfv‡e? ï× cÖ‡qvM n‡e ÔMiæi LvuwU
Dcjÿ Dcjÿ¨ gyg~ÿz gygyÿz `yaÕ|
RvMiæK RvMiƒK ¯^vÿiZv mvÿiZv djkÖæwZ : AvwfavwbK A_© cyY¨Kg© Ki‡j †h dj cvIqv hvq
Abmyqv Abm~qv K…ZxZ¡ K…wZZ¡ Zvi weeiY ev Zv †kvbv| dj ev djvdj A‡_© kãwUi
cÖexb cÖexY mwZZ¡ mZxZ¡ cÖ‡qvM Aï×|
g‡bv¯Ívc gb¯Ívc iæMœ iæM&Y divmxq : ÔdivwmÕ k‡ãi A_© divwm †`kxq| ZvB divwm
¯^”Qj m”Qj wbixÿb wbixÿY kãwUi mv‡_ ÔCqÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM Ki‡j Zv AccÖ‡qvM n‡e|
D‣”P¯^‡i D‣”Pt¯^‡i ¯^ZùzZ© ¯^Ztù~Z© djd«zU : Ôd«zUÕ k‡ãi A_© ÔdjÕ| ZvB Ôdjd«zUÕ kãwUi
J¾j¨ J¾¡j¨ MÖxn¯ M„n¯ cÖ‡qvM wVK bq|
AÎ/ hÎ/ ZÎ : AÎ A_© GLv‡b, hÎ A_© †hLv‡b Ges ZÎ c`‡ÿc : c`‡ÿc A_© Ôcv †djvÕ| Avgiv eë¯v MÖnY A‡_©
A_© †mLv‡b| ejv nq, hÎZÎ gqjv †dj‡eb bv| A_© c`‡ÿc kãwU eënvi Kwi| hv wbqgvbyhvqx ï× nq bv|
wgwj‡q †`‡Lb wVKB Av‡Q| mgm¨v nq hLb Avgiv ewj, ev‡K¨ c`‡ÿ‡ci cwie‡Z© eë¯v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
ÔAÎ (GLv‡b) Awd‡m......., AÎ (GLv‡b) ¯‥z‡ji BZ¨vw`| KZ©„cÿ h_vh_ eë¯v (c`‡ÿc bq) MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
Zvn‡j A_© bv wgwj‡q AccÖ‡qvM Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv
e¨w³Z¡ : e¨w³ kãwU KZ©„evPK I e¨w³Z¡ kãwU Kg©evPK
DwPZ|
c`| DfqB we‡kl¨ n‡jI Ôe¨w³ A‡_©Õ e¨w³Z¡ kãwUi
fvlv/fvlx : fvlv †h eënvi K‡i †m-B fvlx| †hgb- †h cÖ‡qvM Aï×|
evsjv fvlv eënvi K‡i †m evsjv fvlx| Z`ªƒc Bs‡iwR fvlx, Avðh© bvwK Avðh©vwš^Z: Avðh© A_© Ôwe¯§qKiÕ| wew¯§Z A‡_©
Aviwe fvlx BZ¨vw`| fvlv-fvlx †jLvUv ZvB AccÖ‡qvM| ÔAvðh©Õ bv n‡q ÔAvðh©vwš^ZÕ n‡Z n‡e| ZvB ÔAvðh©Õ
‡cÖwÿZ : Ô‡cÖwÿZÕ kãwUi A_© Ô`k©b Kiv n‡q‡QÕ| ÔcUf~wg eënvi bv K‡i ÔAvðh©vwš^ZÕ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
A‡_© kãwUi eënvi Aï×| Avwg Avðh©vwš^Z njvg|
‣e‡`nx/ we‡`nx : we‡`n k‡ãi A_© ‡`nk~b¨ ev Akixix AÁvbZv : AÁvbZv k‡ãi cÖK…Z A_© ÔÁvbk~b¨ZvÕ| AÁZv
we‡`n we‡klY| kãwUi mv‡_ ÔCÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i cybivq A‡_© Gi cÖ‡qvM Aï×|
we‡klY Kivi †Póv wbi_©K †mB mv‡_ Aï×| Avw½K : A½ + wòK = Avw½K A_© n‡jv A½ m¤^Üxq|
c~e©v‡nè : Ôc~e©vnèÕ kãwUi A_© w`‡bi cÖ_g fvM ev mKvj‡ejv| kãwUi cÖ‡qvM fyj fv‡e cÖPwjZ| ÔKjv‡K․kjÕ A‡_© kãwUi
Av‡M ev c~‡e© A‡_© Gi eënvi Aï×| eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| †hgb- cyivZb KwgwU †f‡½ bZzb Avw½‡K
MVb Kiv †nvK|
kvwqZ : kvwqZ k‡ãi A_© Ôkqb Kiv‡bv n‡q‡Q GgbÕ| whwb
ï‡q Av‡Qb Zv‡K ejv nq ÔkqvbÕ| ï‡q _vKv A‡_© cÖPwjZ AvqËvaxb : AvqË k‡ãi A_©B Aaxb| Avq‡Ëi ci Aaxb
ÔkvwqZÕ k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM Aï×| eënvi evûj¨|
KZ©„cÿMY : KZ©„cÿ kãwU eûePbevPK| kãwUi A_©
RvZxqKiY : RvZxqKiY A_© ÔRvwZi AšÍf©yw³KiYÕ A_©vr
miKv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b Avbv nq| A_P ‡Kvb wKQz miKvwi Kiv cwiPvjKMY, kvmKMY| kãwU‡Z ÔMYÕ cÖ‡qvM evûj¨|
n‡jB ejv nq RvZxqKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q hv AccÖ‡qvM|
evK¨ïw× Abykxjb Kiæb
Aï× evK¨ ï× evK¨
Ae¯v `„w÷‡Z g‡b nq Zviv †hb mevB fzj Kivi cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq Ae¯v †`‡L g‡b nq, Zviv †hb mevB fzj Kivi
AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †b‡g‡Q|
mKj evwjKvMY cvwb wmÂb Kievi Rb¨ ¯§„b¥q cvÎ jBqv evMv‡b mKj evwjKv/evwjKvMY cvwb †mPb Kievi Rb¨
†Mj| gvwUi cvÎ wb‡q evMv‡b †Mj|
‡Zvgvi g‡Zv GKwU gy‡L©i wcQ‡b A_© LiP K‡i †Kvb jvf n‡e †Zvgvi g‡Zv g~‡L©i †cQ‡b UvKv LiP K‡i †Kv‡bv
bv| jvf n‡e bv|
‡b․Kvi †¯ªv‡Z fvwmqv PwjqvwQj| †b․Kv †¯ªv‡Z fvwmqv PwjqvwQj|
K…wËevm evOjv ivgvqY wj‡L‡Qb| K…wËevm evsjv ivgvqY wj‡L‡Qb|
iPbvwUi DrKl©Zv Ab¯^xKvh© iPbvwUi DrKl© Ab¯^xKvh©|
Bnvi Avek¨K bvB| Bnvi Avek¨KZv bvB|
Avwg Acgvb n‡qwQ| Avwg AcgvwbZ n‡qwQ|
Avgvi K_v cÖgvY n‡q‡Q| Avgvi K_v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
Abvek¨Kxq wel‡q ivRbxwZ GLb Uvj-gvUvj| Abvek¨K wel‡q ivRbxwZ GLb Uvj-gvUvj|
AZ¨vek¨Kxq e¨‡q Kvc©Y¨ AbywPZ| Avek¨K e¨‡q Kvc©Y¨ AbywPZ|
wZi®‥vi bv nq cyi®‥vi GKUv wKQz RyU‡eB| wZi¯‥vi bv nq cyi¯‥vi GKUv wKQz RyU‡eB|
‡W½y R¦i n«vm nBqv‡Q| †W½y R¦‡ii n«vm nBqv‡Q|
Avgvi K_vB cÖgvY n‡jv| Avgvi K_vB cÖgvwYZ n‡jv|
m~h© D`q n‡q‡Q| m~h© Dw`Z n‡q‡Q/ m~‡h©i D`q n‡q‡Q|
‡M․ie †jvc nBqv‡Q| ‡M․ie †jvc cvBqv‡Q|
evsjv‡`k GKwU DbœZkxj †`k| evsjv‡`k GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`k|
weØvb g~L© A‡cÿv †kÖôZi| weØvb g~L© A‡cÿv †kÖô|
c„w_ex me©`v m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K N~Y©xqgvb| c„w_ex me©`v m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K N~Y©vqgvb|
mvjvg Avjx gvgjvi mvÿx w`‡e| mvjvg Avjx gvgjvi mvÿ¨ w`‡e|
Zv‡K †¯œnvkxl wÌ| Zv‡K †¯œnvwkm wÌ|
‡g‡qwU fqvbK my›ìx| †g‡qwU Awb›`¨ my›ìx|
AkÖyR‡j eyK †f‡m †Mj| AkÖy‡Z eyK †f‡m †Mj|
G K_v cÖgvY n‡q‡Q| G K_v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
gvZvnxb wkïi Kx `ytL! gvZ…nxb wkïi Kx `ytL!
‡m g‡bvK‡ó MÖvg Qvwoj| †m gbtK‡ó MÖvg Qvwoj|
evjKiv †Ljvayjvq cUz| evj‡Kiv †Ljvayjvq cUz|
bxjbe N‡b Avmvp MM‡Y| bxj beN‡b Avlvp MM‡b|
K…w÷ I KvjPvi Rxe‡bi Ask| K…wó I KvjPvi Rxe‡bi Ask|
‡èx AšÍa©vb nB‡eb| ‡èx AšÍwn©Z nB‡eb|
NUbv eY©bv n‡q‡Q| NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
†K GB eyw×gvb evwjKv? ‡K GB eyw×gZx evwjKv?
GLb weØvb †g‡qi Afve ‡bB| GLb we`ylx †g‡qi Afve †bB|
gvZvnviv evjKwU LyeB Amnvq| gvZ…nviv evjKwU LyeB Amnvq|
ke‡cvov wn›`y a‡g©i GKwU ixwZ| ke`vn wn›`y a‡g©i GKwU bxwZ|
kwd‡Ki ¯vb me©kx‡l©| kwd‡Ki ¯vb kx‡l©|
GB Aa©ivwÎ‡Z GLbI Zzwg †R‡M AvQ! GB Aa©iv‡Î GLbI Zzwg †R‡M AvQ!
`vwi`ª¨ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki g~j mgm¨v| `wi`ªZvB/`vwi`ª¨ evsjv‡`‡ki g~j mgm¨v|
`ybx©wZMÖ¯ Avgjv‡ì †`․iv‡Z¥ cÖkvmb wngwkg Lv‡”Q| `ybx©wZMÖ¯Í Avgjv‡ì †`․iv‡Z¥¨ cÖkvmb wngwkg Lv‡”Q|
G Kv‡R Zvnvi n¯Í cvKv| G Kv‡R Zvi nvZ cvKv|
c~e©v‡ý GKevi G‡mv| c~e©v‡nè GKevi G‡mv|
GKUv ‡Mvcb K_v ewj| GKUv †Mvcbxq K_v ewj|
wbðq msev` †c‡qwQ| wbwðZ msev` †c‡qwQ|
wewa j•Nb n‡q‡Q| wewa jw•NZ n‡q‡Q|
m`¨RvZ wkïwUi Kx Ae¯v? m‡`¨vRvZ wkïwUi Kx Ae¯v?
evsjv‡`‡k ms¯‥…Z PP©vi Zx_©‡ÿÎ| evsjv‡`k ms¯‥…wZ PP©vi Zx_©‡ÿÎ|
mwPe g‡nv`‡qi Aaxb¯ Kg©Pvixiv me mgq AvZs‡K _v‡K| mwPe g‡nv`‡qi Aaxb Kg©Pvixiv me mgq AvZs‡K _v‡Kb|
•`b¨Zv me©`v gn‡Ë¦i cwiPvqK bq| ‣`b¨/ `xbZv me©`v gn‡Ë¡i cwiPvqK bq|
cÖvZtiv‡k e¨vqvg Kiv ¯^v‡¯ï Rb¨ DcKvix| cÖvZiv‡k e¨vqvg Kiv ¯^v‡¯ï Rb¨ DcKvix|
AvMvgxKvj Aciv‡ý Zvi mv‡_ †`Lvi Kivi K_v| AvMvgxKvj Aciv‡nè Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv Kivi K_v|
Aaëwa welqUvi †Kvb myivnv n‡jv bv| A`¨vewa welqUvi †Kvb myivnv n‡jv bv|
wZwb GLb †g․bx Av‡Qb| wZwb GLb †g․b Av‡Qb|
mybvwg AvµvšÍ GjvKvi gvbyl Afve AbvU‡b w`b KvUv‡”Q| mybvwg AvµvšÍ GjvKvi gvbyl Afve AbU‡b w`b KvUv‡”Q|
Abœvfv‡e cÖwZ N‡i N‡i nvnvKvi| Abœvfv‡e N‡i N‡i nvnvKvi|
ingZ m¼U Ae¯vq cwoqv‡Q| ingZ m¼URbK Ae¯vq cwoqv‡Q|
Zvi GLb msKU Ae¯v| Zvi GLb m¼Uvcbœ Ae¯v|
J×Z AvPiY‡K GK K_vq ejv nq J×Ë| D×Z AvPiY‡K GK K_vq ejv nq J×Z¨|
e¨vKzwjZ wP‡Ë Avwg Zv‡K †`L‡Z †Mjvg| e¨vKzj wP‡Ë Avwg Zv‡K †`L‡Z †Mjvg|
wZwb Av‡ivM¨ nBqvwQ‡jb| wZwb bx‡ivM nBqvwQ‡jb|
‡m Av‡ivM¨ n‡q‡Q| ‡m Av‡ivM¨ jvf K‡i‡Q|
Avwg †Zvgvi AvMgb-msev‡` m‡šÍv‡l nBqvwQ| Avwg †Zvgvi AvMgb-msev‡` mš‧ó nBqvwQ|
‡g‡qwU/iwngv cvMwj n‡q †M‡Q| ‡g‡qwU/iwngv cvMj n‡q †M‡Q|
iwngv f‡q Aw¯iv| iwngv f‡q Aw¯i|
ivRv cvwcô ivbx‡K kvw¯Í w`‡jb| ivRv cvwcôv ivbx‡K kvw¯Í w`‡jb|
‡m Ggb iƒcmx †hb Aáix| ‡m Ggb iƒceZx †hb Aáiv|
mnmv Av¸b jvMvq I ‡Ljv cÐ nBj| mnmv Av¸b jvwMj I †Ljv cÐ nBj|
ïaygvÎ Mv‡qi †Rv‡i KvR nq bv| ïay Mv‡qi ‡Rv‡i KvR nq bv|
Avcwb AvMZ Kj¨ Avwm‡eb| Avcwb AvMvgx Kj¨ Avwm‡eb|
Avwg m‡šÍvl njvg| Avwg mš‧ó njvg|
`ye©jZvekZt Abvw_bx e‡m coj| `ye©jZvekZ Abv_v e‡m coj|
Kvgvj n‡jv Avgvi åvZz¯úyÎ| Kvgvj Avgvi åvZz®úyÎ|
Zvi mvs¯‥…wZK bvB| Zvi ms¯‥…wZ bvB|
ÔMxZvÄjxÕ c‡oQ wK? ÔMxZvÄwjÕ c‡oQ wK?
hyw³ LwÐZ n‡q‡Q wKš‧ †g‡jwb| hyw³ LÐb n‡q‡Q wKš‧ gyw³ †g‡jwb|
Bÿzi Pviv ecb Kiv nBj| Bÿzi Pviv †ivcY Kiv nBj|
`kP‡µ Ckî f~Z| `kP‡µ fMevb f~Z|
ey‡bv KPz, evNv †ZuZzj| ey‡bv Ij, evNv †ZuZzj|
gvbyl Zvi Rxe‡bi ¯cwZ| gvbyl Zvi wbR Rxe‡bi ¯cwZ|
NUbv ewb©Z n‡q‡Q| NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
weivU Miæ-QvM‡ji nvU| Miæ-QvM‡ji weivU nvU|
Ab¨v‡qi dj Avek¨K| Ab¨v‡qi dj Awbevh©|
KzjvUv bvix‡K eR©b Kiv| KzjUv‡K eR©b Ki|
g‡bvig D`v‡b ågY `~ivKv•Lv| g‡bvig D`¨v‡b ågY `yivKv•ÿv|
wewea wRwbmcÎ wKbjvg| wewea wRwbm wKbjvg|
Avwg †h‡q †`wL me †kl| Avwg wM‡q †`wL me †kl|
‡jvKwU wbicivax wKš‧ wbin¼vix bq| ‡jvKwU wbiciva wKš‧ wbin¼vi bq|
UvKv DcvR©‡bi jÿ wb‡q GK`v XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡iwQjvg, UvKv DcvR©‡bi jÿ¨ wb‡q GK`v XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡iwQjvg,
A_©B †h mKj Ab‡_©i g~j ZLbI Zv RvbZvg bv|
A_©B †h mKj Ab‡_©i gyj ZLbI Zv RvbZvg bv|
wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿx w`‡jb| wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿ¨ w`‡jb|
Avcwb ¯^cwiev‡i Avgwš¿Z| Avcwb mcwiev‡i Avgwš¿Z|
Ávbx gyL© A‡cÿv †kÖôZi| Ávbx g~L© A‡cÿv †kÖô|
Zvi mvs¯‥…wZK bvB| Zvi ms¯‥…wZ bvB|
Avwg m‡šÍvl njvg| Avwg mš‧ó njvg|
‡Zvgiv Kx XvKv hv‡e? ‡Zvgiv wK XvKv hv‡e?
PjvKvjxb mg‡q| PjvKv‡j|
†m cÖvYxwe`¨vq `ye©j| ‡m cÖvwYwe`¨vq `ye©j|
wewa j½b n‡q‡Q| wewa jw•NZ n‡q‡Q|
wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿx w`‡jb| wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿ¨ w`‡jb|
Avcwb ¯^cwiev‡i Avgwš¿Z| Avcwb mcwiev‡i Avgwš¿Z|
cÖvq KvQvKvwQ D”Pvi‡Yi wfbœ wfbœ A‡_©i kãmg~n
g~jkã cÖwZkã g~jkã cÖwZkã mKj mg¯Í kKj gv‡Qi Avuk
A¤î AvKvk A¤^y Rj ¯^xKvi m¤§wZ`vb wkKvi ea
Amvi ev‡R Amvo mvovnxb evYx K_v evwb Mqbv •Zwii gRywi
Ab¨ Aci Abœ fvZ cvwY nvZ cvwb Rj
Awbj evZvm Abxj hv bxj bq Avwk 80 msL¨v Avkx mv‡ci `vuZ
cvivevi mgy`ª cviveZ KeyZi mvov Reve †Ìqv mviv mKj
Kzuwo gyKzj Kzwo msL¨vi 20 euay eÜz ea~ eD
Ak^ ‡Nvov Ak¥ cv_i Avmw³ AvKl©Y AvmwË ms‡hvM
cvwi mg_© cvwo cvivcvi wbP wb¤œ bxP Nxb/N„Yv
Avlvp gv‡mi bvg Avmvi cÖej el©Y D‡Ï‡k w`‡K D‡Ï‡k¨ AwfcÖv‡q
Avmw³ AbyivM AvmwË ‣bKU¨ mvÿi AÿiÁvb m¤úbœ ¯^vÿi `¯ÍLZ
f~ c„w_ex f~ai ce©Z o Aa¯Íb / Aat¯Íb : Aat¯Íb Kg©Pvix A_© Ôwb¤œ¯ ¯ÍbÕ|
ke©i AÜKvi ke©ix ivwÎ Ab¨w`‡K ÔAa¯ÍbÕ kãwUi A_© Ôwb¤œ c`¯Õ| myZivs
Avwa `ywðšÍv Avuwa S‡ov nvIqv wb¤œc`¯ A‡_© ÔAa¯ÍbÕ Gi eënvi AccÖ‡qvM|
cif…Z ‡KvwKj cif…r KvK o me©Rbxb / mve©Rbxb : Ôme©RbxbÕ A_© Ôme©R‡bi
¸Y ¸Y Kiv ¸b P‡Ui _wj Kj¨vYKiÕ Ges mve©Rbxb A_© Ôme©Rb m¤^ÜxqÕ|
cveK Av¸b ceb evZvm †hgb: cjøx‡Z cjøx‡Z me©Rbxb (me©R‡bi
bM ce©Z bvM mvc Kj¨vYKi) c~Rvi cÖPjb †`Lv hvq Ges cÖvPxb
giær evZvm mwir b`x fvi‡Z mve©Rbxb (me©Rb m¤^Üxq) wkÿvi wQj
ejvnK ‡gN evjvK© m~h© AevwiZ Øvi|
wefveix ivwÎ wefvemy m~h© o AvMZ / Avmbœ : AvMZ A_© G‡m‡Q Ggb| Ab¨w`‡K
hvwgbx ivwÎ `vwgbx we`y¨r Avmbœ A_© Avm‡e Ggb| myZivs AvMZ †mvgevi bq,
Kzgy` cÙ ‡K․gy`x ‡R¨vr¯œv Avmbœ †mvgevi ejyb|
kkK Li‡Mvk kkx Pvu` o ea~ Ges euay : ea~ A_© eD Ges euay A_© eÜz|
kkxKi ‡R¨vr¯œv kkxKvšÍ cÙ g‡b ivLyb †K․k‡j : g‡b K‡ib Avcwb (†Q‡j) GKB
KvšÍ ¯^vgx KvšÍv ¯¿x eqmx GK eÜz‡K (‡g‡q eÜz) we‡q K‡i‡Qb| GKw`b
myZ cyÎ myZv Kb¨v ¯§„wZPviY K‡i ¯¿x‡K e‡j‡Qb-
g„‡M›`ª wmsn g„Mv¼ Pvu` we‡qi Av‡M Zzwg Avgvi euay (eÜz) wQ‡j|
Aw`wZ c„w_ex Avw`Z¨ m~h©Ô we‡qi ci Zzwg Avgvi ea~ (eD) n‡j|
K‡cvZ KeyZi L‡cvZ D‡ovRvnvR ÔeÕ Gi Dc‡i P›`ªwe›`y n‡q ‡Mj a-‡q-E-Kvi|
Ask fvM Asm Kvua/¯‥Ü o ‣Zwi/ •Zix : GKwU wµqv, Ab¨wU we‡klY| g‡b
Awf m¤§yL/ mgxc Afx fqnxb ivLyb, wµqvevPK c‡` me mgqB ÔB-KviÕ nq|
Amyi `vbe/‣`Z¨ Ak~i exi bq †hgb- Kwi, cwo, awi, gvwi, KvwU BZ¨vw`|
Avfvl f~wgKv Avfvm Bkviv o mZ¡i Ges mËi : ÔZ¡iÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv Ô`ªæZÕ| Gi
Avcb wbR AvcY ‡`vKvb c~‡e© ÔmÕ hy³ n‡q n‡q‡Q ÔmZ¡iÕ hvi A_© ÔkxNªÕ ev
AN© g~j¨ AN©¨ c~Rvi DcKiY ÔZvovZvwoÕ| Avi ms¯‥…Z mßwZ †_‡K G‡m‡Q ÔmËiÕ
Kzj esk K~j b`xi Zxi hvi A_© 70|
weRb ¯vb exRb cvLv o ‡fwi/ †fwo/‡fox : †fwi A_© XvK, †fwo A_© cvwb
wkKo g~j kxKi RjKYv AvUKvevi Rb¨ DuPz evua| Avi †fox A_© nj ‡fovi
Keix ‡Lvucv Kiex dzj we‡kl ¯¿x wj½ (gv`x †fov)|
`xc cÖ`xc Øxc Rj‡ewóZ ¯vb o giv/ gov : ÔgivÕ A_© g„ZzëiY| †hgb- giv b`x,
bxi cvwb bxo cvwLi evmv giv MvO BZ¨vw`| gov A_© jvk| †hgb- iv¯Ívi av‡i
GKwU gov c‡o Av‡Q| Zvn‡j gi‡Yi cieZ©x ¯Íi o A¤^y`/evwi`/Rj`: G¸‡jv †g‡Ni mgv_©K kã|
n‡jv ÔgovÕ| o cq/‡Zvq : G¸‡jv cvwbi mgv_©K kã|
o mgywPZ/ h‡_vwPZ : Lvivc A‡_© ÔmgywPZÕ Ges fvj o cqai/‡Zvqai : G¸‡jv †g‡Ni mgv_©K kã|
A‡_© h‡_vwPZ eëüZ nq| †hgb- G Ab¨v‡qi o cqwa/‡Zvqwa : G¸‡jv Ômgy`&ªÕ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã|
mgywPZ wkÿv †Zvgv‡K †c‡ZB n‡e| cÿvšÍ‡i, GB o A¤^y/evwi/Rj : G¸‡jv cvwbi mgv_©K kã|
fvj Kv‡Ri h‡_vwPZ cyi¯‥vi ‡Zvgvi cÖvc¨| o wenM/ wen½/wen½g : me¸‡jvB cvwLi mgv_©K kã|
o AšÍ/AšÍ¨/AšÍt : ÔAšÍÕ k‡ãi A_© g„Zz¨, AšÍ¨ k‡ãi o fzRM/fyR½/fzR½g : me¸‡jvB mv‡ci mgv_©K kã|
A_© †kl Ges AšÍt k‡ãi A_© g‡a¨| o ZziM/Zzi½/Zzi½g : me¸‡jvB †Nvovi mgv_©K kã|
o A¤^ywa/evwiwa/Rjwa : G¸‡jv mgy‡`ªi mgv_©K kã|
kvïwo ev k^kÖƒ ‡Mvud-`vwo ev k¥kÖæ
kvïwo I kvïwoi cÖwZkã nj Ôk^kÖƒÕ A_©vr cÖ_g ÔkÕ ‡Mvud `vwoi cÖwZkã nj Ôk¥kÖæÕ A_©vr cÖ_g ÔkÕ
†Mvud-`vwo Gi mv‡_ Ôe-djvÕ Ges †kl ÔkÕ Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ôg-djvÕ Ges †kl ÔkÕ Gi mv‡_ ÔD-Kvi
ÔE-KviÕ i‡q‡Q| i‡q‡Q|
cv_©K ¨ eySzb AviI wKQz D`vniY
ÔKxÕ me©bvg, we‡klY I wµqv-we‡klY iƒ‡c Aï× ï×
e‡m| ÔKxÕ Gi DËi w`‡Z gyL Lyj‡Z nq| Zzwg Kx AvR hv‡e? Zzwg wK AvR hv‡e?
‡hgb- Zzwg Kx w`‡q fvZ Lv‡e? DËi: fvZ, Zzwg Kx XvKv hv‡e? Zzwg wK XvKv hv‡e?
wK/Kx gvQ, Wvj BZ¨vw`| wK fqvbK wec`! Kx fqvbK wec`!
ÔwKÕ Ae¨q wn‡m‡e e‡m| A_©vr ÔwKÕ cÖkœ‡evaK cÖkœ : ï× evK¨wU †`Lvb- [gva¨wgK we`¨v. mn. cÖ. wk: 03]
Ae¨q| Gi DËi Ôn¨vuÕ ev ÔbvÕ w`‡q †`qv hvq| K. Zzwg Kx AvR hv‡e? L. Zzwg wK AvR hv‡e?
Zzwg wK fvZ Lv‡e? DËi: n¨vu/ bv| M. Zzwg Kx A`¨ hv‡e? N. Zzwg Kx AvR hvB‡e?
e-‡q-h-djv e-‡q-h-djvq-Av-Kvi
ÔweÕ DcmM©wU †h k‡ãi cÖ_‡g e‡m, †m Aciw`‡K ÔweÕ DcmM©wU, †h k‡ãi cÖ_‡g e‡m,
k‡ãi Av`¨ eY© ÔAÕ n‡j ÔeÕ Gi mv‡_ h- †m k‡ãi Av`¨ eY©wU ÔAv-KviÕ n‡j evbv‡b e-
e¨/e¨v
djv nq| ‡hgb- we + Ae¯v = eë¯v, Gi mv‡_ Ôh-djv-Av-KviÕ (e¨v) nq| †hgb-
we + A_© = e¨_©, we + AMÖ = e¨MÖ, we + we + AvKzj = e¨vKzj, we + AvcK = e¨vcK,
AwfPvi = e¨wfPvi| GBiƒc e¨wZµg, we + Avc„Z = e¨vc„Z, we + AvL¨v = e¨vL¨v, we
eëavb, eëüZ, e¨¯Í, e¨Z¨q, e¨½ + Avwß = e¨vwß| GB iƒc- e¨vm, e¨vqvg,
weMZ eQ‡i cixÿvq Avmv cÖkœmg~n

01. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [10g, 13Zg, 21Zg Ges 44Zg wewmGm; K. we`¨vb e¨w³MY `wi‡`ªi wkKvi nb
†lvok wkÿK wbeÜb cixÿv (K‡jR ch©vq): 2019]
L. weØvb e¨w³MY `vwi‡`ªï wkKvi nb
K. gygyl©y L. gyg~ly©
M. we`¨vb e¨w³MY `wi`ªZvi ¯^xKvi nb
M. g~gyl©y N. g~g~l©~ DËi L
N. we`¨vb e¨w³MY `vwi`ªZvi wkKvi nb D L
02. fzj evbvb †KvbwU? [43Zg wewmGm]
e¨vL¨v : we`¨vb, `wi`ª, `vwi`ª, `vwi`ªZv kãmg~‡ni ï×
(K) f~eb (L) AšÍtmvi
iƒc nj weØvb, `vwi`ª¨, `wi`ªZv| me¸‡jv evbv‡bi
(M) gyn~Z© (N) A™¢zZ D:K
wePv‡i ÔLÕ bs Ack‡b cÖ`Ë evK¨wUB ï×|
03. †KvbwU ï× evbvb? (cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK- 2012)
K. m¦ vqËmvkb L. ¯^vqËkvmY 05. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [40Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi]
M. ¯^vqZkvmY N. ¯^vqËkvmb DËi : N K. cÖR¦j L. †cªv¾j
e¨vL¨v : e-djv hy³ K‡qKwU kã| h_v- D¾¡j, M. ‡cÖvR¦j N. †cÖv¾¡j D N
†cÖv¾¡j, cÖR¦wjZ, D”Q¡vm, eÜzZ¡, k^vm, k^kÖƒ, cvk©¦, e¨vL¨v : ï× evbvb cÖ + D¾¡j = ‡cÖv¾¡j
kvk^Z, ¯^Z¡, weØvb, wek^¯Í, cK¡, †i․`ªK‡iv¾¡j, mvšÍ¡bv, 06. †Kvb `ywU e‡Y©i ci Y I l nq? (cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK- 19)
¯^vZš¿¨, wek^vm, ¯^v_©, ¯^xKvi, ¯^v`, ¯^vaxb| K. F, i L. U, V
04. ï× evK¨wU wPwýZ Kiæb| [12Zg wewmGm (cywjk)] M. B, D N. Z, _ D:K
e¨vL¨v : evsjv fvlvq Zrmg k‡ãi eënv‡i Y-Z¡ I l- wemM© ( t) e‡m bv| †mRb¨ Aï× kã Ô`ye©jZvekZtÕ
Z¡ weav‡bi wbqgvbyhvqx F I i aŸwbi ci Y I l nq| Gi ï× iƒc Ô`ye©jZvekZÕ|
07. Ôcyi®‥vi-weZiYx Abyôv‡bi cwi‡ek GZ Acwi¯‥viÕ| 11. †KvbwU ï× evK¨? (cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK- 2019)
evK¨wUi wb¤œ‡iL c‡` ÔlÕ ev ÔmÕ eënv‡i...[35Zg K. Avgvi eo `~ive¯v L. Avgvi eo `yie¯v
wewmGm] M. Avgvi eo `~ie¯v N. Avgvi eo `yive¯v D : L
K. cÖ_gwU Aï×, wØZxqwU ï× L. `y‡UvB Aï× e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b Ô`yie¯vÕ Qvov me¸‡jv‡Z mwÜRwbZ fzj i‡q‡Q|
M. cÖ_gwU ï×, wØZxqwU Aï× স্বর঴দির একটি দনেম ঄নু঴াবর ঄ + ঄ = অ ঵ে। ফ঴ দ঵ব঴বর্ দূর +
঄র্স্থা = দুরার্স্থা মবন করা nq| Z‡e GwU দর্঴গ ব ঴দির GKwU wbqg।
N. `y‡UvB ï× D L wbqgvbymv‡i, দর্঴বগরব পর যদি স্বরর্র্ ব,র্বগরব তৃতীে,িতুি ব ঑ পঞ্চম র্া
e¨vL¨v : mwÜ‡Z wemM©hy³ B-Kvi ev D-Kv‡ii ci K L য, র, ঱, র্,঵ িাবক তবর্ দর্঴গ-এর ব স্থাবন ‘র’ ঵ে। ফযমন: দুঃ + ঄র্স্থা
c d-Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU _vK‡j wemM© (t) ¯v‡b = দুরর্স্থা, দুঃ + ঄ন্ত = দুরন্ত, দুঃ + ফযাগ = দুবয বাগ।
g~a©b¨-l nq| †hgb : 12. ï× evbvb †KvbwU? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019]
wb®úÖf (wbt + cÖf) wb®‥i (wbt + Ki) K. Avkw³ L. Avlw³
wbõj (wbt + dj) ewn®‥vi (ewnt + Kvi) M. Avm³x N. AvmwË DËi : N
cwi®‥vi (cwit + Kvi) e¨vL¨v : ev‡Kï wZbwU †g․wjK ‣ewkó¨ n‡”Q- AvKv•ÿv,
AvmwË I †hvM¨Zv | GLv‡b ï× evbvb n‡e AvmwË|
A, Av e‡Y© wemM© (t) _vK‡j AZtci K, L, c, d
অ঴দি/অ঴দত্ত : অ঴দি ঄ি ব ‘অক঳ বর্’ র্া ‘঄নুরাগ’
_vK‡j mwÜ‡Z wem‡M©i ¯v‡b `šÍ¨-m nq| †hgb :
এর্ং অ঴দত্ত ঄ি ব ‘঴ংবযাগ’।
bg¯‥vi (bg t + Kvi) wZi¯‥vi (wZt + Kvi)
13. ï× kã¸”Q †KvbwU? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019]
gb¯‥vg (gbt + Kvg) cyi¯‥vi (cyit + Kvi) K. MYbv, MwbKv, †kvwbZ L. MYbv, MwYKv, †kvwYZ
08. ï× evK¨wU wPwýZ Kiæb| [11Zg wewmGm] M. MbYv, MwbKv, †kvwbZ
K. GKUv †Mvcbxq K_v ewj L. GKwU †Mvcb K_v ewj N. Mbvb, MwYKv, †kvwbZ DËi : L
M. GKwU †MvcY K_v ewj e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b ï× evbvb¸‡jv n‡”Q MYbv, MwYKv,
N. GKwU ¸ß K_v ewj DËi K †kvwYZ| GQvovI K‡qKwU ï× evbvb n‡”Q eªvþY,
e¨vL¨v : ¸ß + Abxq = †Mvcbxq- GKwU ms¯‥…Z K…r fvlY, fxlY, eY©bv, wcYvK, ewYK BZ¨vw`|
cÖZ¨‡qi D`vniY, hv GKwU we‡klY c` Ges we‡kl¨ c` 14. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019]
ÔK_vÕ †K we‡kwlZ K‡i| ¸ß, †Mvcb cÖf…wZ we‡kl¨ c`| K. AwZw_ L. AZxw_
09. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [37Zg wewmGm] M. AZx_x N. AwZ_x DËi : K
K. Avcwb ¯^cwiev‡i Avgwš¿Z e¨vL¨v : ÔAwZw_Õ n‡”Q ms¯‥…Z kã hvi A_© n‡”Q
L. †Zvgvi cikÖxKvZiZvq Avwg gy» †gngvb| Giƒc K‡qKwU ï× evbvb n‡”Q wZwZÿv,
M. Zvi K_v ï‡b Avwg Avðh©vwš^Z njvg Af¨šÍixY, wbixn, wb®úbœ BZ¨vw`|
N. †mw`b †_‡K wZwb †mLv‡b Avi hvq bv DËi M 15. †KvbwU ï× evbvb? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019]
e¨vL¨v : Ô¯^cwiev‡i Avgwš¿ZÕ A_© ÔwbR cwiev‡i K. `ylY L. `~lY
Avgwš¿ZÕ| Ab¨w`‡K Ômcwiev‡i Avgwš¿ZÕ A_© M. `~kb N. `ykb DËi : L
Ôcwievimn Avgwš¿ZÕ| ÔcikÖxKvZiZvÕ k‡ãi A_© e¨vL¨v : ï× evbvb n‡”Q `~lY | Giƒc - `ybx© wZ, AšÍ t
ÔAc‡ii DbœwZ‡Z Cl©v cÖKvkÕ| ZvB GLv‡b Ôgy»Õ kãwU ¯^Ë¦v, DwjøwLZ, kwkf~lY BZ¨vw`
AccÖ‡qvM n‡q‡Q| Ackb ÔNÕ †Z wZwb kãwUi mv‡_ 16. ï× evbvb †KvbwU? [m.cÖv.mn.wkÿK- 2019]
ÔhvbÕ (hvq Gi cwie‡Z©) gvbvbmB| cÖ`Ë K. MÖxn¯Í L. M„n¯
Ackbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ackb ÔMÕ wbfz©j| M. MÖxn¯ N. M„n¯Í DËi : L
10. ï× evK¨ †KvbwU? [10Zg wewmGm] e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b ï× evbvb n‡”Q M„n¯ A_©vr m + _ = ¯|
17. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019]
K. `ye©jekZ Abvw_bx e‡m coj
L. `ye©jZvekZ Abv_v e‡m coj K. Avwg mvÿx w`jvg L. Avwg mvÿx w`‡qwQ
M. `ye©jZvekZt Abvw_bx e‡m coj M. Avwg mvÿ¨ w`‡qwQ
N. Avwg mvÿx w`‡ZwQ DËi : M
N. `ye©jZvekZt Abv_v e‡m coj DËi L
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b mwVK kã n‡”Q mvÿ¨| ZvB mwVK evK¨
e¨vL¨v : ÔAbv_Õ Gi ¯¿xwj½ ÔAbv_vÕ| evsjv GKv‡Wgx-
ÔAvwg mvÿ¨ w`‡qwQÕ
Gi 2012 mv‡ji evbvb ixwZ Abymv‡i, k‡ãi †k‡l
18. ï× evK¨ †KvbwU? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] K. DcPvh© L. Dcva¨ÿ
K. iwdK, Zzwg I Avwg wm‡bgv †`L‡Z hve M. Dcv`vb N. DcvR©b DËi - K
L. Zzwg, kwdK I Avwg wm‡bgv †`L‡Z hve 28. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ï× evbvb? [m. cÖv. we. mn. wkÿK-18]
M. Avwg, kwdK I Zzwg wm‡bgv †`L‡Z hve K. eyw×Rxwe L. eyw×Rxex
N. Zzwg, Avwg I kwdK wm‡bgv †`L‡Z hve DËi : L M. eyw×wRwe N. eyw×wRex DËi- L
e¨vL¨v : ¯^vfvweK n¨vu‡evaK ev‡K¨ cyiæ‡li µg n‡”Q 29. ï× evbvb †KvbwU? [m. cÖv. we. mn. wkÿK-18]
ga¨g cyyiæl-bvg cyiæl-DËg cyiæl| Ab¨w`‡K †`vl K. fwel¨r L. `xN©Rxwe
¯^xKvi †evSv‡Z DËg cyiæl-ga¨g cyiæl-bvg cyiæl nq| M. mgxwPb N. Avwke©v` DËi- K
19. ï× evbvb †KvbwU †jLv n‡q‡Q? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 19] 30. AN¨© k‡ãi A_© wK? [cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK wb‡qvM cixÿv- 15]
K. cyb¨ L. wÎfzR K. c~Rvi DcKiY L. c~Rvi ev`¨
M. k~Y¨ N. f~eb DËi : L M.c~Rvi gÐc N. c~Rvi Avavi DËi- K
e¨vL¨v : Dc‡ii kã¸‡jvi mwVK evbvb n‡”Q h_vµ‡g 31. ÔKe©yiÕ k‡ãi A_© wK? (cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK wb‡qvM cixÿv- 15)
cyY¨, wÎfzR, k~b¨ I fzeb| K. KiYxq L. ivÿm
20. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ï× evbvb? [Rxebexgv K‡cv©‡ikb : 2021] M. MÜ`ªe¨ we‡kl N. ivmvqwbK c`v_© DËi- L
(K) K¼b (L) Uvbv‡cv‡ob e¨vL¨v: ÔKe©yiÕ k‡ãi A_© - ivÿm | †h me ai‡bi
(M) `ywb©ixÿ (N) w¤ªqgvb DËi : L Lvevi wM‡j Lvq ev wns¯ª A_© eySvq|
21. †KvbwU ï× evK¨? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] 32. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? (cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK wb‡qvM cixÿv- 2012)
K. P›`ªMÖnY I m~h©MÖnY `ywU we¯§qKi NUbv K. fvMxi_x L. fvwMi_x
L. P›`ª A‡cÿv m~h©MÖnY we¯§qKi NUbv M. fvMxiw_ N. fvwMiw_ DËi- K
M. P›`ª m~h©MÖnY A‡cÿv we¯§qKi NUbv e¨vL¨v: cÖ‡kœ DwjøwLZ ï× evbvbwU n‡”Q-fvMxi_x|
N. P›`ª I m~h©MÖnY `ywU we¯§qKi NUbv DËi : K Av‡iv wKQz ï× evbvb- mgxPxb, wKixU, m‡`¨vRvZ,
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b P›`ªMÖnY I m~h©MÖnY `ywU Avjv`v NUbv kvixwiK, Kvwj`vm, h`¨wc, cÖvYcY, g„Mbqbv BZ¨vw`|
Ges `ywUB we¯§qKi| ZvB cÖ_gwUB mwVK| 33. ï× evK¨ †KvbwU? [m. cÖv. mn. wkÿK- 2019]
22. †KvbwU mwVK evbvb? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] K. ‣`b¨Zv wb›`bxq L. dzj †`L‡Z my›ì
K. ¯^Ztù~Z© L. ¯^ZtùzZ© M. `wi`ªZv Awfkvc
M. ¯^Zù~Z© N. mZùyZ© DËi : K N. f~j wjL‡Z fzj K‡iv bv DËi : L
23. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] 34. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [35Zg wewmGm]
K. RÄvU L. RÅvU K. •`b¨Zv me©`v gn‡Z¡i cwiPvqK bq
M. SÅvU N. SÄvU DËi : M L. •`b¨Zv me©`v gn‡Ë¡i cwiPvqK bq
e¨vL¨v : mwVK evbvb n‡”Q SÅvU| Av‡iv K‡qKwU evbvb M. •`b¨ me©`v gn‡Z¡i cwiPvqK bq
n‡”Q AšÍtmË¡v, A‡nvivÎ, fvMxi_x, m‡`¨vRvZ BZ¨vw`| N. •`b¨ me©`v gn‡Ë¡i cwiPvqK bq DËi N
24. †KvbwU mwVK evbvb? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] e¨vL¨v : Ô‣`b¨ZvÕ kãwU Aï×| ï× evbvb n‡e Ô•`b¨Õ
K. Af¨šÍixb L. Avf¨šÍixb A_ev Ô`xbZvÕ| †h k‡ãi †k‡l LÐ-Z (r) _v‡K, †m
M. Avf¨šÍixb N. Af¨šÍixY DËi : N k‡ãi †k‡l hw` ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q †hvM nq, ¯^fveZB k‡ãi
25. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] †k‡l ÔZ + Z + eÕ A_©vr Z‡q-Z‡q-e-djv (Ë¡) nq|
K. `ywifzZ L. `~ixf~Z †hgb : gnr + Z¡ = gnË¡| Ackb ÔNÕ G cÖ`Ë evK¨wU
M. `ywif~Z N. `~wifzZ DËi : L ï×|
e¨vL¨v : mwVK evbvb n‡”Q `~ixf~Z| Giƒc wb‡`©vl, 35. †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [25Zg wewmGm]
wPiRxex, BZtc~‡e© BZ¨vw`| K. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqvcbœ L. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqc~b©
26. †KvbwU ï× evK¨? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] M. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqgq
K. Zvi †m․Rb¨Zvq Avwg my‡hvMwU †c‡qwQ N. Zvnvi Rxeb mskqfiv DËi K
L. Zvnvi †m․Rb¨Zvq Avwg my‡hvMwU †c‡qwQ e¨vL¨v : we‡kl¨ c` ÔmskqÕ Gi we‡klY nj mskqvcbœ
M. Zvi †m․R‡b¨ Avwg my‡hvMwU †c‡qwQ (A_©- wØavc~Y© ev m‡›`nc~Y©)| cÖ`Ë Ackbmg~‡ni g‡a¨
N. Zvnvi †m․R‡b¨ Avwg my‡hvMwU †c‡qwQ DËi : M ÔKÕ Ack‡b ÔZvnvi Rxeb mskqvcbœÕ Øviv Mfxi
27. ‡KvbwU Aï× evbvb? [m. cÖv. mn. wkÿK-18] AwbðqZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
36. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? (cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK wb‡qvM cixÿv- 2012) K. `›` L. Ø›`
K. A‡š^lY L. A‡š^lb M. Ø›Ø N. AvKvsÿv DËi M
M. A‡š^kb N. A‡š^kY DËi- K 47. ï× evbv‡bi kã¸”Q mbv³ Kiæb| [23Zg wewmGm
37. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? (cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK- 2015) (gyw³‡hv×v mšÍvb)]
K. mn‡hvwMZv L. `vqxZ¡ K. fwel¨Z, †f․MwjK, h²v
M. wejvmxZv N. cmvixYx DËi : K L. ¯^vqËkvmb, Avf¨šÍi, Rb¥evwl©K
38. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [m. cÖv. we`¨v. mn. wkÿK- 2019] M. hkjvf, m‡`¨vRvZ, m¤â©bv
K. M„wnbx L. M„wnbx N. HKZvb, †KejgvÎ, Dc‡iv³ DËi e¨vL¨v †`Lyb
M. M„wnYx N. M„wnwb DËi : M e¨vL¨v : Ack‡b cÖ`Ë kã¸‡”Qi †KvbwU‡ZB me¸‡jv kã
39. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [33Zg wewmGm] ï× bq| ky× evbvbmg~n : fwel¨r, †f․‡MvwjK, h²v,
¯^vqËkvmb, Af¨šÍi, Rb¥wèm, h‡kvjvf, m‡`¨vRvZ,
K. ‡Zvgvi †Mvcb K_v Avgvi c‡ÿ †kvbv m¤¢e bq
(m¤â©bv = msea©bv), HKZvb, †Kej, Dchy©³|
L. mjw¾Z evûj¨Zv eR©b Kiv DwPZ
M. `wi`ªZv Avgv‡ì cÖavb mgm¨v 48. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [20Zg I 21Zg wewmGm]
N. me© wel‡q mf¨Zv AR©b Kiv DwPZ DËi M K. m~wPw®§Zv L. m~wPw¯§Zv
M. myPxw¯§Zv N. ïwPw¯§Zv DËi N
40. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvb¸‡”Qi me¸‡jv evbvb Aï×? [37Zg
wewmGm] e¨vL¨v : ïwPw¯§Zv/ myw¯§Zv : Ôw¯§ZÕ k‡ãi A_© ÔClr
K. wb°Y, m~PMÖ, AbyaŸ© nvm¨Õ; Ôw¯§ZÕ k‡ãi c~‡e© ïwP (A_©- cweÎ) hy³ n‡q
L. f~wif~wi, f~uwoIqvjv, gvZ…l¦mv MwVZ n‡q‡Q ïwPw¯§Zv (wbg©j nvwmhy³/KzwUjZv ewR©Z
M. Ab~e©i, EaŸ©Mvgx, ï×¨ïw× nvwm)| m~wPw®§Zv, m~wPw®§Zv, myPxw¯§Zv kãmg~n ï× bq|
49. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [32Zg wewmGm]
N. ivwb, wewKiY, `yiwZµg¨ DËi K
K. AvKvsLv L. AvKv•ÿv
e¨vL¨v : Ackb ÔKÕ Gi me¸‡jv evbvbB Aï×| wb°Y,
m~PMÖ, AbyaŸ© Gi ï× iƒc n‡e- wbK¡Y, m~P¨MÖ I Ab~aŸ©| M. AvKv•Lv N. AvKvsÿv DËi L
Ackb ÔLÕ Gi f~uwoIqvjv k‡ãi ï× evbvb n‡e e¨vL¨v : mwÜ‡Z (Zrmg k‡ã) cÖ_g c‡ì †k‡l g&
fzuwoIqvjv| Ackb ÔMÕ Gi Ab~e©i kãwUi ï× evbvb _vK‡j K-e‡M©i (K, L, M, N) c~‡e© g& ¯v‡b Aby¯^vi (s)
Abye©i| Ackb ÔNÕ Gi me¸‡jv k‡ãi evbvb ï×| n‡e| †hgb :
41. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [35Zg wewmGm] AnsKvi (Ang&+Kvi), wKsKi, SsKvi, fqsKi,
K. gbxlx L. gwbwl msKí, msKxY©, msMxZ, msN, msNvZ, ûsKvi|
M. gbxwl N. gwblx DËi K Dch©y³ wbq‡g mwÜRvZ bv n‡j, hy³e¨Ä‡b K-e‡M©i
42. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Aï×? [37Zg wewmGm] c~‡e© g& ¯v‡b O (D‡qvu) n‡e| †hgb :
K. Awnsm-mwnsm L. cÖmbœ-welYœ AvKv•ÿv, A¼zi, A½, Bw½Z, D”Q…•Lj, Kvw•ÿZ, M½v,
M. †`vlx-wb‡`©vlx N. wb®úvc-cvwcbx DËi M Rw½, `v½v, fw½, j•Nb, wkÿv½b, m½x|
e¨vL¨v : Ô†`vlx-wb‡`©vlxÕ kãhyM‡ji ï× iƒc n‡e 50. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [20Zg wewmGm]
Ô‡`vlx-wb‡`©vlÕ| ï× DËi Ackb ÔMÕ| K. ïkÖælv L. mykÖælv
43. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï× bq? [33Zg wewmGm] M. ïkÖƒlv N. mykÖælv DËi M
K. `wi`ªZv L. Dc‡hvwMZv 51. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [18Zg wewmGm; †lvok wkÿK wbeÜb
M. kÖ×vÄwj N. D×© DËi N cixÿv (K‡jR ch©vq): 2019]
e¨vL¨v : `wi`ªZv, Dc‡hvwMZv, kÖ×vÄwj kã¸‡jvi evbvb K. mgxPxb L. mwgPxb
ï×| ÔD×©Õ-Gi mwVK evbvb ÔEaŸ©Õ| M. mgxwPb N. mwgwPb DËi K
52. ï× evbvbwU wb‡`©k Kiæb| [15Zg wewmGm]
44. ‡KvbwU evbvbwU ï×? [33Zg wewmGm]
K. gyûgy©û L. g~ûg©û
K. wcwcwjKv L. wccxwjKv
M. gyn©g~û© N. gyû©g~û DËi K
M. cxwcwjKv N. wcwcjxKv DËi L
53. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [14Zg wewmGm (wkÿv)]
45. ‡KvbwU mwVK evbvb? [32Zg I 33Zg wewmGm] K. wewfmxKv L. wefxwlKv
K. wbwkw_bx L. bxwkw_bx
M. exwfwlKv N. exwflxKv DËi L
M. wbkxw_bx N. wbwkw_wb DËi M 54. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [12Zg wewmGm (cywjk)]
46. ‡KvbwU mwVK evbvb? [32Zg wewmGm] K. cvlvY L. cvlvb
M. cvmvb N. cvkvb DËi K 63. wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã ¯^fveZB ÔYÕ n‡q‡Q? [cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK
wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 14]
e¨vL¨v : g~j eY©bvq †`qv n‡q‡Q| [l-Z¡ weav‡bi wbqg
K. eÿgvY L. ¯vYy
jÿ¨ Kiæb|]
M. cwienY N. DËivqb D: L
55. ‡KvbwU‡Z AccÖ‡qvM N‡U‡Q? [38Zg wewmGm]
64. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [_vbv mnKvix wkÿv Awdmvi: 05]
K. GKwÎZ L. Revew`wn
K. ¸Y¨ L. cyY¨
M. wg_w¯…qv N. †M․iweZ DËi K
M. c~Y¨ N. gvY¨ D: L
e¨vL¨v: ÔGKwÎZÕ kãwU‡Z cÖZ¨qNwUZ AccÖ‡qvM 65. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [miKvix ivR¯^ Kg©KZ©v: 15 / RvZxq msm`
N‡U‡Q| wb‡P cÖZ¨qNwUZ AccÖ‡qvM NU‡Z cv‡i Ggb mwPevj‡qi mnKvix cwiPvjK: 06]
K‡qKwU k‡ãi ZvwjKv †`qv n‡jv: K. PvbK¨ L. PvYK¨
Aï× ï× Aï× ï× M. Pv‡bvK¨ N. Pv‡YvK¨ D: L
GKwÎZ GKÎ Aaxb¯ Aaxb 66. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU Aï×? [iƒcvjx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 13]
jäcÖwZwôZ jäcÖwZô Avek¨Kxq Avek¨K K. evYx L. ïY¨
mva¨vZxZ Amva¨ wmwÂZ wm³ M. AiY¨ N. jeY D: L
wmÂb ‡mPb mZ¡v mË¡v 67. Aï× evbvb-‡Rvo †KvbwU? [c~evjx e¨vsK wj. Awdmvi/ Rywbqi
Awdmvi: (K¨vk): 14]
måvšÍkvjx m¤£gkvjx/m¤£všÍ K. cyi¯‥vi, cwi¯‥vi L. AZ¨vwaK, AvKv•ÿv
Amn¨bxq Amn¨/Amnbxq M. jeb, ¯vby N. I‡Rvb, A‡¯¿vcPvi D: M
56. Y-Z¡ weavb Kx? [Rbkw³, Kg©ms¯’vb I cÖwkÿY ey¨‡ivi DcmnKvix 68. LvuwU evsjv k‡ã wb‡Pi †KvbwU hy³ nq bv? [`yb©xwZ `gb
cwiPvjK: 01] Kwgk‡bi mnKvix cwiPvjK: 13]
K. †`kxq k‡ãi HwZn¨ mswkøó wbqg K. m L. l M. Y N. b D: L,M
L. we‡`wk k‡ãi AwfÁZvRvZ weavb 69. ‡Kvb ai‡bi k‡ã KL‡bvB g~a©b¨-Y n‡e bv? [9g †emiKvwi
wkÿK wbeÜb: 13]
M. Zrmg k‡ãi ixwZ N. †e` wb‡`©wkZ ixwZ D: M
K. Zrmg L. we‡`wk
57. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb k‡ã Y-Z¡ wewa Abymv‡i ÔYÕ Gi eënvi
M. Z™¢e N. AvÂwjK D: L
n‡q‡Q| [36Zg wewmGm]
70. Y-Z¡ weavb Abymv‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU Aï×? [cjøx
K. Kj¨vY L. cÖeY we`y¨Zvqb †ev‡W©i mnKvix cwiPjK (cÖkvmb): 13]
M. wb°Y N. wecwY D: L K. cyi‡Yv L. wbiƒcY
58. ï× evbvbwU wPwýZ Kiæb| [iƒcvwj e¨vs‡Ki wmwbqi Awdmvi: 19 M. MÖnY N. iƒcvqY D: K
/ ms¯’vcb gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v: 07]
71. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× bq? [8g we‡RGm (mnKvix RR): 13]
K. g~a©b¨ L. g~a©Y
K. K‡Y©j L. Pÿz®§vb
M. gya©b¨ N. gya©Y¨ D: K
M. wLª÷vã N. wecYx D: K
59. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbv‡b g~a©b¨ ÔYÕ Gi eënvi n‡q‡Q? [RbZv
e¨vsK wj. A¨vwm÷¨v›U GwKvªwKDwUf Awdmvi (‡Ujvi): 15] 72. ‡Kvb eM©xq e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ ÔbÕ KLbI ÔYÕ nq bv?
[cwievi cwiKíbv mnKvix/ cwi`k©K: 18]
K. ga¨vý L. wecbœ
K. K-eM© L. P-eM©
M. Z…òv N. iZœ D: M
M. c-eM© N. Z-eM© D: N
60. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi Rywbqi cwimsL¨vb mnKvix: 16]
73. wb‡Pi †h k‡ã fzjfv‡e Y-Z¡ weavb cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q-
K. m¤úyb© L. m¤ú~Y© [mgwš^Z e¨vsK Awdmvi (mvaviY): 18]
M. m¤ú~b© N. m¤úyY© D: L K. eÿgvY L. AveZ©Y
61. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [WvP evsjv e¨vsK wj. (GgwUI): 12] M. cÖYq N. AvcY D: L
K. cÖYqY L. cÖbqb 74. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbv‡b ¯^fveZB g~a©b¨-Y e‡m‡Q? [wZZvm M¨vm
M. cÖbqY N. cÖYqb D: N wj. Awdmvi (mvaviY): 18]
62. ÔgvwYK¨ k‡ã ÔYÕ e‡m‡Q Y-Z¡ weav‡bi †Kvb wbq‡g? K. ewYK L. †ivcY
[AvBb, wePvi I msm` welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi mve-‡iwR÷ªvi: 12] M. cwigvY N. NÈv D: K
K. ÔgÕ e‡Y©i c‡i ÔYÕ nq 75. ‡Kvb evbvbwU mwVK? [Pwe, fwZ¨: 18-19]
L. ÔKÕ eY© Ges ÔgÕ e‡Y©i gv‡S ÔYÕ nq K. AvKv•ÿv L. cÖwZ‡hvMxZv
M. ÔKÕ e‡Y©i c~‡e© ÔYÕ nq M. gyg~l~© N. cwiYq D: K, N
N. ¯^fveZB ÔYÕ nq D: N 76. Y-Z¡ wewa AbymiY K‡i ÔYÕ n‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã?
[K‡›Uªvjvi †Rbv‡ij wW‡dÝ dvBb¨v‡Ýi AwWUi: 19]
K. †KvY L. K…cY 89. wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã ¯^fveZB g~a©b¨-l n‡q‡Q? [cÖevmx Kj¨vY
M. jveY¨ N. evY D: L e¨vsK wi. Awdmvi (K¨vk): 14 / XvKv wek^we`¨vjq (N-BDwbU): 09-10]
77. wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã ÔYÕ Gi fzj cÖ‡qvM i‡q‡Q? [mgwš^Z 5 K. K…ò L. Kj¨vYx‡qly
e¨vs‡Ki Awdmvi (K¨vk): 19] M. fvl¨ N. Awf‡lK D: M
K. µ›`Y L. PvYK¨ 90. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï× bq? [9g †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb: 13]
M. gwYKv N. MY D: K K. mgxPxb L. mvšÍ¡bv
78. wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡ã wbZ¨ g~a©b¨ Y nq? [cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i M. gyg~l~© N. d‡Uvô¨vU D: M, N
Awdm mnKvix: 19] 91. ‡Kvb evbvbwU mwVK? [cwievi cwiKíbv mnKvix/ cwi`k©K: 18]
K. eY©bv L. kvwYZ K. gnwm© L. gnwl©
M. nwiY N. eÈb D: L M. gnl©x N. gnwk© D: L
79. wb‡Pi †Kvb kã¸”Q Y-Z¡ I l-Z¡ weavb Abymv‡i mwVK?
[wmwRwWGd Gi AwWUi: 19]
92. ÔmylgvÕ k‡ã †h wbq‡g ÔlÕ e‡m-
K. eb©bv, mylgv, jeY L. eªvÿY, Kó, †cvlvK K. ÔmÕ Gi c~‡e© e‡m‡Q e‡j
M. NÈv, †Øl, µ›`Y N. fvlY, MÖš, wRwbm D: N L. Ôlg&Õ g~jiƒc †_‡K DrmvwiZ nIqvq
80. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbv‡b ¯^fveZB Ôg~a©b¨Õ (Y) nq? [GbGmAvB M. ÔDÕ KvivšÍ DcmM© c~‡e© Av‡Q e‡j
Gi mnKvix cwiPvjK: 19] N. ¯^fveZ ÔlÕ e‡m D: M
K. nwiY L. KviY 93. wbcvZ‡b wm× ÔlÕ Gi eënvi n‡q‡Q †KvbwU‡Z?
M. Ac©Y N. evY D: N [wWwRGdAvB Gi mnKvix cwiPvjK: 19]
81. ï× evbvb wewkó kã †KvbwU? [5g we‡RGm (mnKvix RR) K. gyg~l~© L. AbylÁv
cÖv_wgK cixÿv: 10] M. el©Y N. f~lY D: N
K. Avwke©v` L. fwel¨r 94. ‡Kvb evbvbwU Ôl-Z¡Õ weav‡bi wbq‡g ï×? [RbZv e¨vs‡Ki
M. `xN©Rxwe N. wcwcjxKv D: L GwKvªwKDwUf Awdmvi: 19]
82. ï× evbvbwU n‡”Q- [b¨vkbvj e¨vsK wj. cÖ‡ekbvwi Awdmvi: 15] K. gvóvi L. †cvlvK
K. wbmyZx L. wbmywZ M. †cvkvK N. †cvó D: L
M. wbl~Zx N. wblywZ D: N 95. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [11Zg ‡emiKvix wkÿK wbeÜb: 14]
83. mwVK evbvb †KvbwU? [AMÖYx e¨vsK wj. Awdmvi (K¨vk): 13] K. Avjm¨Zv L. Ajm¨
K. mylg L. mymg M. Avjm¨ N. AvjmZv D: M
M. mykg N. m~mg D: K 96. ‡KvbwU ï× kã? [gva¨wgK I D”P wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii cÖ`k©K: 11]
84. Ôcyi®‥vi weZiYx Abyôv‡bi cwi‡ek GZ Acwi¯‥viÕ|- K. mvÿ¨`vb L. mvÿx`vb
evK¨wU wb¤œ‡iL c‡` l/m eënv‡i- [35Zg wewmGm] M. mvÿxejv N. mvÿ¨ Dcw¯Z D: K
K. cÖ_gwU Aï×, wØZxqwU ï× 97. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [evsjv‡`k cjøx Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mnKvix cjøx
Dbœqb Kg©KZ©v: 06]
L. cÖ_gwU ï×, wØZxqwU Aï× K. e¨Kzj L. e¨vKzj
M. `y‡UvB Aï× N. `y‡UvB ï× D: M M. e¨VK‚j N. e¨K‚j D: L
85. ‡Kvb cÖZ¨qhy³ c‡` g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ nq bv? [12Zg ‡emiKvwi 98. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [AvBb, wePvi I msm` welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi mve-
wkÿK wbeÜb: 13]
‡iwR÷ªvi: 16/ SESIP Dc‡Rjv GKv‡WwgK mycvifvBRvi: 15]
K. mvr L. mv
K. kvixixK L. kvixwiK
M. †ò N. wòK D: K
M. kvwiwiK N. kvwiixK D: L
86. wbZ¨ g~a©b¨-l †Kvb k‡ã eZ©gvb? [24Zg wewmGm / 20Zg
wewmGm] 99. mwVK evbvb †KvbwU? [36Zg wewmGm]
K. Kó L. Dcwblr K. K‚ms¯‥vi L. KzmsKvi
M. Kj¨vYx‡qly N. Avlvp D: N M. Kzms¯‥vi N. K‚ks®‥vi D:M
87. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [evsjv‡`k RyU wgj Kv‡c©v‡ik‡bi 100. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb kãwU Aï×? [mgwš^Z 8 e¨vsK wmwbqi Awdmvi: 18/
Awdmvi: 17 / cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©iAwdm mnvqK: 15] mve †iwR÷ªvi: 16]
K. Avkvp L. Avlvo K. my‡Kkx L. my‡Kkv
M. Avmvp N. Avlvp D: N M. my‡Kkxbx N. my‡Kwkbx D: M
88. ¯^fveZB g~a©b¨ ÔlÕ nq Ggb D`vniY †KvbwU? [Gwe e¨vsK e¨vL¨v: Ômy‡KkÕ Gi ¯¿xwj½Ñ my‡Kkv, my‡Kkx, my‡Kwkbx|
wj A¨vwm÷¨v›U Awdmvi: 14 / `yb©xwZ `gb Kwgk‡bi mnKvix cwiPvjK: 13] 101. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ß‡ii mnKvix K…wl
K. K…lK L. el©v Kg©KZ©v: 16]
M. Jla N. Kvó D: M K. †Mva~jx L. †Mvaywj
M. †Mva~wj N. †Mvayjx D: M K. DrKl©Zv L. DrKl©
102. ‡Kvb evbvwU ï×? [cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK: 13] M. DrK…ó N. DrK…óZv D: L
K. msmßK L. mskßK 116. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [c~evjx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi (K¨vk): 13]
M. ksmßK N. kskßK D: L K. Rv¾¡j¨gvb L. Rv¾j¨gvb
103. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [38Zg wewmGm] M. RvR¡j¨gvY N. RvR¡j¨gvb D: N
K. ¯^vqËmvkb L. ¯^vqËmvkY 117. ‡Kvb evbvb¸”Q ï×? [cjøx Kg© mnvqK dvD‡Ûk‡bi A¨vwm÷¨v›U
M. ¯^vqËkvmY N. ¯^vqËkvmb D: N g¨v‡bRvi: 14]
104. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [AMÖYx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 10/ Lv`¨ K. AZ¨vwaK, e¨vwZµg L. mL¨Zv, †g․b
Awa`ß‡ii Dc-Lv`¨ cwi`k©K: 12] M. bveY¨, cb¨ N. Nwbô, wZi¯‥vi D: N
K. ¯^vqZ¡ L. ¯§vqZ¡ 118. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi
M. ¯^vqË N. mvqZ¡ D: M cwimsL¨vb A¨vwm÷¨v›U Awdmvi: 14]
105. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ß‡ii wb‡qvM cixÿv:

K. kmvsK L. kmv¼
14/ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cÖavb wkÿK (evMvbwejvm): 12] M. kkv¼ N. klv¼ D: M
K. mgwfe¨nv‡i L. mgwee¨vnv‡i 119. ÔUvKv DcvR©‡bi jÿ wb‡q GK`v XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv
M. mgwfe¨vnv‡i N. mgwee¨vnv‡i D: M K‡iwQjvg, A_©B †h mKj Ab‡_©i gyj ZLbI Zv
106. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ï×? [11Zg wewmGm] RvbZvg bvÕ evK¨wU‡Z KqwU evbvb fzj Av‡Q? [evsjv‡`k
K. †m․RbœZv L. †m․Rb¨Zv cjøx Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mnKvix cjøx Dbœqb Kg©KZ©v: 06]
M. †m․Rbœ N. †m․Rb¨ D: N K. 2wU L. 3wU

107. ï× evbv‡bi kã ¸”Q- [23Zg wewmGm] M. 4 wU N. 1wU D: K
e¨vL¨v: mwVK evbvb n‡e- jÿ¨ I g~j|
K. ¯^vqËkvmb, Avf¨šÍi, Rb¥evwl©K
120. ï× evbvb wjwLZ kã¸”Q †`Lvb? [cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi
L. HK¨Zvb, †KejgvÎ, Dc‡iv³ Aax‡b wimvP© Awdmvi: 06]
M. hkjvf, m‡`¨vRvZ, m¤â©bv K. mwgwPb, nwiZwK, evwj¥Kx
N. fwel¨Z, †f․MwjK, hÿv D: K L. mgxwPb, nwiZwK, evwj¥wK
108. fzj evbvb †KvbwU? [evsjv‡`k we`y¨r Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mnvKvix M. mgxPxb, nixZKx, evj¥xwK
cwiPvjK (cÖkvmb): 13/ ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v: 01]
N. mwgPxb, nixZwK, evwj¥wK D: M
K. mwgwZ L. R¨vwgwZ
121. ‡KvbwU ï× kã? [ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK mycvifvBRvi: 17/
M. cÖK…wZ N. cÖwZwZ D: N cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi Rywbqi cwimsL¨vb mnKvix: 16]
109. fzj evbvb †KvbwU? [cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK (weUv): 14] K. ¯^ïi L. k¦myi
K. mwgwZ L. cÖZxwZ M. kïi N. k¦ïi D: N
M. RvwgwZ N. cÖK…wZ D: M 122. mwVK evbvb †KvbwU? [cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vj‡q Awdmvi: 04/ kÖg
110. Aï× evbvb †KvbwU? [RbZv e¨vsK wj. Gw·wKDwUf Awdmvi: 15] Awa`ß‡i kÖg Awdmvi: 94]
K. cyY¨ L. cy‡Rv M. f‚j N. gyn~Z© D: M K. k¦vmywo L. k¦vïox
111. ‡KvbwU ï×? [gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa`ß‡ii cwi`k©K: 13] M. kvïwo N. kvïox D: M
K. Dc‡iD³ L. Dc‡iv³ 123. ‡KvbwU ï×? [MYgva¨g Bbw÷wUD‡Ui mnKvix cwiPvjK (MY‡hvMv‡hvM
cÖwkÿY): 03/ Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi: 99]
M. Dch©y³ N. Dciæ³ D: M K. k¦v¯^Z L. kvk¦Z
112. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [÷vÛvW© e¨vsK wj. A¨vwm÷¨›U Awdmvi: 12/ Z_¨ M. k¦vk` N. ¯^vmZ D: L
gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b mn. cwiPvjK: 04]
K. cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L. mn‡hvMxZv 124. ‡Kvb evbvbwU mwVK? [†mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki Awdmvi: 19]
M. ‣ewkó¨Zv N. kÖ×vÄjx D: K K. ¯îmZx L. mi¯^Zx
113. ï× evbvb †KvbwU? [K¤ú‡Uªvjvi I AwWUi †Rbv‡ij Gi Kvh©vj‡qi M. mimZ¡x N. ¯îmwZ D: L
Aaxb AwWUi: 15/ gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa`ß‡ii cwi`k©K: 13] 125. e¨vKiYMZ we‡ePbvq ï× kãwU wbY©q Kiæb- [gva¨wgK
K. `yie¯v L. `yie¯Ív we`¨vjq mnKvix cÖavb wkÿK: 03]
M. `yive¯v N. `yive¯Ív D: K K. AvqËvaxb L. AvqË
114. ÔDrKl©ZvÕ wK Kvi‡Y Aï×? [24Zg wewmGm] M. AvqË¡ N. AvqË¡vaxY D: L
K. mwÜRwbZ L. cÖZ¨qRwbZ 126. weï× evbvb †KvbwU? [†mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki Awdmvi: 19/ mve-
‡iwR÷ªvi: 01]
M. DcmM©RwbZ N. wefw³RwbZ D: L K. •bF©Z L. •bwSZ
115. cÖZ¨qMZfv‡e ï× ‡KvbwU? [16Zg wewmGm] M. •bFZ N. •büZ D: K
127. ‡KvbwU ï×? [RvZxq †fv³v AwaKvi msiÿY Awa`ß‡ii e¨w³MZ 139. ‡Kvb kãwU fzj? [cÖvK-cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK: 15/ mnKvix
mnKvix: 13/ kÖg Awa`ß‡i †iwR÷ªvi: 00] Dc‡Rjv/ _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi: 12]
K. mvi_x L. mviw_ K. giƒ`¨vb L. KU~w³
M. mvo_x N. mvow_ D: L M. cwic° N. AÄwj D: M
128. ï× kã¸”Q kbv³ Kiæb- [AvBwmwe e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 14] 140. ‡Kvb evbvbwU fzj? [mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/ _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi: 10]
K. ¯^”Q›`, ¯^”Qj, wk‡iv‡”Q` K. Ewbk L. Ø›Ø
L. •ah¨©, •¯hZv, mL¨Zv M. Aa¨vqb N. mn‡hvMxZv D: N
M. GKwÎZ, Aaxb¯, fvlvfvlx 141. ï× kã ‡KvbwU? [10g †emKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 14]
N. Rb¥evwl©K, cwi®‥vi, cyi¯‥vi D: N K. ‣eqvKiYwe` L. ‣eqvKiY
129. wb‡Pi Aï× evbvbwU kbv³ Kiæb- [AvBwmwe e¨vsK wj. M. e¨vKiwYK N. •eqvKiwYK D: L
Awdmvi/ wmwbqi Awdmvi: 14] 142. ‡Kvb Îqxi evbvb ï×? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnKvix cwiPvjK: 14]
K. wK¤¢~Z L. D™¢‚Z K. wegl©, gyg~ly©, msNl© L. Rvqgvb, R¤^yevb, åvg¨gvb
M. A™¢‚Z N. Af‚Zc~e© D: M M. weNyY, we‡NlY, weg`Y©
130. wb‡¤œi †Kvb evbvbwU Aï×? [AMÖYx e¨vsK wj. Awdmvi (K¨vk): 13] N. m‡ËI, mvwZ¡K, mËv D: K
K. eªvþY L. gbKó 143. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [AMÖYx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 13]
M. `vwi`ª¨ N. mgxPxb D: L K. gbgy»Ki L. g‡bvgy»Ki
131. ‡KvbwU mwVK kã? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnKvix cwiPvjK: 11/ M. g‡bvtgy»Ki N. gbtgy»Ki D: L
evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK Awdmvi:-7]
K.Avc`g¯ÍK L. Avcv`g¯ÍK 144. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [¯îvóª gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb cvm‡cvU© Awa`ß‡ii
mnKvix cwiPvjK: 14]
M. Avc`g¯Í N. Avcv`g¯Í D: L K. †mv›`h© L. †m․›`h©
132. ‡KvbwU mwVK? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnKvix cwiPvjK: 10] M. †mv›`¨h© N. †m․›`h©¨ D: L
K. f`ªZvwPZ L. f`ªwPZ 145. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq? [RbZv e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 11]
M. f`ªvwPZ N. f`ªZwPZ K. cwi®‥vi L. bg¯‥vi
e¨vL¨v: evsjv GKv‡Wwg Abymv‡i mwVK evbvb n‡e- f‡`ªvwPZ|
133. ‡Kvb kãwU ï× evbv‡b wjwLZ? [kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvj‡qi
M. wnib¥q N. `y®‥i D: M
mnKvix cÖavb cwi`k©K: 09] 146. ‡KvbwU mwVK evbvb? [AMÖYx e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 10]
K. kirP›`ª L. e‡bv`cva¨vq K. cy•Lvbycy•L L. cy•Lvbyc~•L
M. `~‡hvM N. mvšÍ¡bv D: N M. cy•Lb~cy•L N. cy•Lbvcy•L D: K
134. wb‡Pi †Kvb kãwU ï×? [evsjv‡`k nvDm wewìs wdb¨vÝ K‡c©v‡ikb 147. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [AvBwmwe e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 11]
Awdmvi: 11/ Avevmb cwi`ß‡ii mnKvix cwiPvjK: 06] K. hvjvgwq L. Rvjvgqx
K. kÖ×vÄjx L. mvgÄm¨Zv M. R¡vjvgwq N. R¡vjvgqx D: N
M. B‡Zvg‡a¨ N. mL¨Zv D: M 148. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [c~evjx e¨vsK wj. Rywbqi Awdmvi (K¨vk): 11/
135. wb‡Pi †Kvb kãwU ï×? [12Zg †emiKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 15] evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK mnKvix Awdmvi: 07]
K. †K․Zznj L. †K․Z‚nj K. cÖ¾¡wjZ L. •ewkó¨Zv
M. KvswLZ N. kÖ×vÄjx D: L M. cÖevngvb N. f‚ga¨vwaKvix D: K
136. ‡Kvb evbvb¸”Q ï×? [cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK wj. wmwbqi Awdmvi: 14] 149. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [wZZvm M¨vm wj. Awdmvi (mvaviY): 18]
K. DrKl©Zv, AvZ¥mvr, Av`ª K. N~bv© qgvb L. NyY©vqgvb
L. Af¨šÍixY, AvqZ¡axb, AZxw›`ªq M. N~Yv©qgvb N. Nyb©vqgvb D: M
M. †K․Z~nj, K…”Q«mvab, K¡wPr 150. ‡Kvb kãwUi cÖ‡qvM ï×? [mgwš^Z 8 e¨vsK wmwbqi Awdmvi: 18]
N. Abyl½, A½xf‚Z, Aj•Nbxq D: M K. jÿŸxq L. Dcjÿ¨
137. wb‡Pi †Kvb kãwU ï×? [mgwš^Z 8 e¨vsK wmwbqi Awdmvi: 18/ M. †m․›`h©Zv N. myeyw×gvb D: L
gwnjv I wkï welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc‡Rjv gwnjv welqK Kg©KZ©v: 16] 151. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [c~evjx e¨vs‡Ki mnKvix Awdmvi: 19]
K. ex‡Kw›`ªKiY L. we‡Kw›`ªKiY K. ïkÖælv L. ÎƒwU
M. we‡K›`ªxKiY N. ex‡K›`ªxKiY D: M M. giæ`¨vb N. RvMiƒK D: N
138. ï× evbvb ¸”Q wbY©q Kiæb- [7g †emiKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 11] 152. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU Aï×? [‡mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki Awdmvi: 19]
K. kl¨, fzeb, kÖ×vÄwj L. mgxPxb, myô, ¯^vÿiZv K. `y®úÖvc¨ L. ci®úi
M. AvKv•ÿv, MÖvgxY, `vwi`ª¨ M. wb®úwË N. †¯œnv¯ú` D: L
N. gyL¯, gš¿xmfv, eªvþb D: M
153. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [c~evjx e¨vs‡Ki Rywbqi Awdmvi: 19] M. XvKv wek^we`¨vjq N. wkíKjv GKv‡Wwg D: L
K. AvKvsLv L. K…wZZ¡ 166. wb‡Pi †Kvb kãwU ï×? [wmwRwWGd Gi Rywbqi AwWUi: 19]
M. Kvh©¨ N. An¼vi D: L K. Da© L. AZ¨všÍ
154. wb‡Pi †Kvb ¸‡”Q me kã ï×? [†Wm‡Kvi mycvifvBRvi: 19] M. DwPr N. †Kv‡bvwUB bq D: N
K. Jla, exYv, wÎbqb L. nwiY, eÜb, †mvbv e¨vL¨v: mwVK evbvb- EaŸ©, AZ¨šÍ, DwPZ|
M. cÖvb, wLª÷vb, †cvmv 167. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [wcGmwmÕi mnKvix cwiPvjK: 16]
N. KÉ, ‡¯Íkb, wRwbl D: K, L K. wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿx w`‡jb
155. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU Aï×? [mgwš^Z 5 e¨vs‡Ki Awdmvi: 19] L. wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvÿ¨ w`‡jb
K. wb®ú›` L. wb®úbœ M. wbõj N. wb¯ú„n D: K M. wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× mvwÿ w`‡jb
156. ï× evbvb †KvbwU? [15Zg wkÿK wbPÜb (¯‹zj): 19] N. wZwb †Zvgvi weiæ‡× ¯^vÿ¨ w`‡jb D: L
K. †ókb L. iæM&Y 168. ÔAvRKvjKvi †g‡qiv †hgb gyLiv, †Zgwb weØvbÕ GB
M. wecÖKm© N. mvavib D: L ev‡K¨ †Kvb ai‡bi fzj Av‡Q? [evsjv‡`k Kgvm© e¨vsK Awdmvi: 00]
157. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU Aï×? [mgwš^Z 8 e¨vs‡Ki wmwbqi Awdmvi: 19] K. KvjMZ L. wj½MZ
K. `yive¯v L. `yivkq M. ePbMZ N. we‡kl‡Yi D: L
M. `yivPvi N. `yivKv•ÿv D: K 169. ï× evK¨wU †`Lvb- [gva¨wgK we`¨vjq mnKvix cÖavb wkÿK: 03]
158. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i Awdm mnKvix: 19] K. Zzwg Kx AvR hv‡e? L. Zzwg wK AvR hv‡e?
K. m~² L. myPx M. Zzwg Kx A`¨ hv‡e? N. Zzwg Kx AvR hvB‡e? D: L
M. ¯^vZš¿ N. gyûZ© D: K 170. ï× evK¨wU wPwýZ Kiæb- [evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb cÖ‡hvRK: 06 / gva¨wgK
we`¨vjq mnKvix cÖavb wkÿK: 03 / 7g †emiKvix cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 11]
159. ï× evbvb †KvbwU? [wewmK Gi GKvª‡Ubkb Awdmvi: 19] K. weØvb g~L© A‡cÿv †kÖôZi
K. a¨vYaviYv M. a¨vbaviYv L. we`¨vb gyL© A‡cÿv †kÖô M. we`¨vb gyL© A‡cÿv fvj
M. a¨vbavibv N. a¨vYavibv D: L N. weØvb g~L© A‡cÿv †kÖô D: N
160. ï× evbvb †KvbwU? [wewmK Gi GKvª‡Ubkb Awdmvi: 19] 171. wb‡¤œi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [‡mvbvjx, RbZv, AMÖYx I iƒcvjx
K. åvZ…®úyÎ L. åvZ…®ú~Î e¨vs‡Ki Awdmvi: 08]
M. åvZy®úyÎ N. åvZz®ú~Î D: M K. Abœvfv‡e cÖwZ N‡i N‡i nvnvKvi
161. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [wmwRwWGd Gi AwWUi: 19] L. mveavbc~e©K Pj‡e M. †m Av‡ivM¨ jvf K‡i‡Q
K. cwi‡lev L. lvY¥vwmK N. Avwg m‡šÍvm njvg D: M
M. wefzwZf~lb N. BwZg‡a¨ D: K, L 172. ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨? [AvenvIqv Awa`ß‡i mnKvix AvenvIhvwe`: 07]
e¨vL¨v: mwVK evbvb¸‡jv n‡jv- wef~wZf~lY, B‡Zvg‡a¨| K. Zv‡K †¯œnvkxl wÌ L. Zv‡K †¯œnvkxl wÌ
162. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvb¸”Q ï×? [mvaviY exgv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Rywbqi M. Zv‡K †¯œnvwkm wÌ N. Zv‡K †¯œnvwkl wÌ D: M
Awdmvi: 19] 173. ï× evK¨wU wb‡`©k Kiæb| [gva¨wgK I D”P wkÿv Awa`ß‡ii
K. ¯^vqZ¡kvmb, mgxwPb L. `~e©vi, g~gyly© D”Pgvb mnKvix: 13 / RvZxq mÂq cwi`ß‡ii mnKvix cwiPvjK: 09]
M. `yM©v, cY¨ N. ¯^všÍbv, kixwi D: M K. Avwg Pvÿzl cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ
e¨vL¨v: ï× evbvb¸‡jv n‡jv- ¯^vqËkvmb, mgxPxb, L. wZwb ¯^¯¿xK G‡m‡Qb M. wZwb mvÿ¨ †`‡eb bv
`ye©vi, mvšÍ¡bv, kixix| N. Zvi KZvq gvayh©Zv †bB D: M
163. ï× evbvb¸”Q †KvbwU? [mvaviY exgv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mnKvix 174. Ôe„ÿwU mg~jmn DrcvwUZ n‡q‡Q|Õ evK¨wUi ï× iƒc
eë¯’vcK: 19] †KvbwU? [c~evjx e¨vsK wj. Rywbqi Awdmvi: 12]
K. gnË, gwnqmx, cK¡ L. giæ`¨vb, f®§, D”Qvm K. e„ÿwU mg~jmn DrcvwUZ n‡q‡Q
M. mgxPxb, gnxqmx N. Acivý, m¯¿xK, c~Y¨ D: M L. e„ÿwU mg~‡j DrcvwUZ n‡q‡Q
e¨vL¨v: ï× evbvb¸‡jv n‡jv: gnË¡, gnxqmx, giƒ`v¨vb, f¯§,
D”Q¡vm, Acivnè| M. e„ÿwU g~jmn DrcvwUZ n‡q‡Q
164. ‡KvbwU ï×? [‡c‡Uªvevsjvi wnmve mnKvix: 19] N. L I M DfqB D: N
K. M‡elbv L. M‡elYv 175. ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨? [10g †emiKvix wkÿK wbeÜb (2): 14]
M. M‡ekYv N. M‡e¯^Yv D: L K. `vwi`ª¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mgm¨v
165. evsjv‡`‡k cÖwgZ evsjv evbv‡bi wbqg Pvjy K‡i †Kvb L. `wi`ªZv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mgm¨v
cÖwZôvb? [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v: 19] M. `vwi`ªZv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mgm¨v
K. GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU L. evsjv GKv‡Wwg N. `wi`ª evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mgm¨v D: K, L
176. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï× Zv wb‡`©k Kiæb| [cwi‡ek eb gš¿Yvj‡qi 186. ÔmKj QvÎivB h_vmg‡q Dcw¯Z n‡q‡Q|Õ evK¨wU‡Z wK
Aaxb mnKvix cwiPvjK: 07] ai‡bi fyj Av‡Q? [RbZv e¨vsK wj. A¨vwm÷¨v›U GwKvªwKDwUf Awdmvi: 15]
K. KxwZ©evm evOvjv ivgvqb wjwLqv‡Qb K. evbvb L. c`
L. KxwZ©evm evsjv ivgvqb wjwLqv‡Qb M. ePb N. wefw³ D: M
M. K…wËevm evsjv ivgvqY wj‡L‡Qb 187. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnKvix cwiPvjK: 12]
N. K…wËevm evOvjv ivgvqb wj‡L‡Qb D: M K. Zzwg wK XvKv hv‡e? L. †Zvgiv Kx XvKvq hv‡e?
177. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ß‡ii wnmveiÿK: 11] M. †Zvgiv Kx XvKv hv‡e? N. Zzwg Kx XvKv hv‡e? D: K
K. 5 Rb QvÎiv ¯‥z‡j hvq 188. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnKvix cwiPvjK: 12]
L. 5 Rb QvÎMY ¯‥z‡j hvq K. iwngv cvMwj n‡q †M‡Q L. iwngv cvMj n‡q †M‡Q
M. 5 Rb QvÎ ¯‥z‡j hvq D: M M. iwngv cvMwjbx n‡q †M‡Q
178. ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨? [evsjv‡`k cjøx Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mnKvix cjøx Dbœqb Kg©KZ©v: 06] N. iwngv cvMjx n‡q †M‡Q D: L
K. G K_v cÖgvb n‡q‡Q L. G K_v cÖgvY n‡q‡Q 189. ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnKvix cwiPvjK: 12]
M. G K_v cÖgvwbZ n‡q‡Q K. Bnvi Avek¨K bvB L. ey‡bv Ij, evNv †ZuZzj
N. G K_v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q D: N M. ey‡bv KPz, evNv †ZuZzj N. Bnv cÖgvY nBqv‡Q D: L
179. ‡KvbwU ï× evK¨? [SESIP M‡elYv Kg©KZ©v: 15 / evsjv‡`k cjøx
Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mnKvix cjøx Dbœqb Kg©KZ©v: 06]
190. ÔmKj mf¨MY GLv‡b Dcw¯Z wQ‡jbÕ evK¨wUi ï×iƒc
K. Aa¨qbB QvÎ‡ì Zcm¨v †KvbwU? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnKvix cwiPvjK: 09]
L. Aa¨vqb QvÎ‡ì Zcm¨v K. mKj mf¨MY GLv‡b Dcw¯Z wQ‡jb
M. Aa¨vcbvB QvÎ‡ì Zcm¨v L. mKj mf¨ GLv‡b Dcw¯Z wQ‡jb
N. Aa¨vcbv QvÎ‡ì Zcm¨v D: K M. mf¨MY GLv‡b Dcw¯Z wQ‡jb
180. ï× evK¨ wb‡`©k Kiæb- [mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/ _vbv wkÿv Awdmvi: 10] N. L I M Df‡qB D: N
K. •`b¨Zv cÖksmbxq bq L. `xbZv cÖksmbxq bq 191. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [RbZv e¨vsK wj. A¨vwm÷¨v›U
GwKvªwKDwUf Awdmvi (‡Ujvi): 15]
M. •`b¨Zv wb›`bxq N. •`b¨Zv AcÖksmbxq D: L K. wZwb ¸YxRb; m¤§vb Zvui cÖvc¨
181. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [9g †emiKvwi cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 10] L. `y®‥Z
… Kvix‡ì QzwU †Ìqv DwPZ bq
K. Avek¨Kxq e¨‡q Kvc©Y¨ AbywPZ M. wZwb ¯^¯¿xK †eov‡Z G‡m‡Q
L. Avek¨K e¨‡q Kvc©Y¨ AbywPZ N. †Q‡jiv mK‡j GKwÎZ n‡q †Lj‡Q D: L
M. Avek¨Kxq e¨‡q Kvc©Y¨ AbywPZ 192. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU Aï×? [evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK Awdmvi: 11]
N. Avek¨K e¨‡q Kvc©b¨ AbywPZ D: L K. wbwðZ msev` †c‡qQ wK?
182. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [8g †emiKvwi cÖfvlL wbeÜb: 12] L. wPK wPK K‡i evwj †Kv_v bvwn Kv`v
K. m~h© D`q n‡q‡Q? L. Zvi †m․Rb¨Zvq gy» n‡qwQ M. evsjv‡`k GKwU DbœZkxj †`k
M. hyw³ LÛb n‡q‡Q wKš‧ gyw³ †g‡jwb N. iv½vgvwU cve©Z¨ GjvKv D: M
N. wewa j•Nb n‡q‡Q D: M 193. Ôfvlvi Ac-cÖ‡qvM Av‡Q †h ev‡K¨- [RbZv e¨vsK wj.
183. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [7g †emiKvwi cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 11] A¨vwm÷¨v›U GwKvªwKDwUf Awdmvi: 15]
K. mgy`q cÿxB bxo evu‡a K. ey‡SwQ, Zzwg G KvR cvi‡e bv|
L. †PviwU me gvjmy× aiv c‡o‡Q L. wZwb Avgvi eBwU cÖKvwkZ K‡i‡Qb
M. Zvi •egv‡Îq m‡nvì Amy¯ M. †Kv_vq Avgiv GKwÎZ ne?
N. `kP‡µ Ckî f~Z D: K N. GZ wej¤^ †K‡bv? D: L, M
184. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [6ô †emiKvwi cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 10] 194. ï× evK¨ bq †KvbwU? [42Zg wewmGm]
K. wZwb ¯^¯¿xK †eov‡Z †M‡Qb (K) weØvb n‡jI Zvi †Kv‡bv AnsKvi ‡bB|
L. we`¨vb g~L© A‡cÿv †kÖq (L) Bk! hw` cvwLi gZ cvLv †cZvg|
M. Avgvi Avi evuwPevi ¯^v` bvB (M) AKvi‡Y FY KwiI bv|
N. †Kv‡bv evK¨B ï× bq D: N (N) nq‡Zv ‡mvngv Avm‡Z cv‡i| D:M
185. ‡Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [6ô †emiKvwi cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 10] e¨vL¨v : evK¨wU ¸iæPÐvjx †`v‡l `yó n‡q‡Q| ï× iƒc-
K. Avwg m‡šÍvl njvg L. Avwg m‡šÍvó nBjvg AKvi‡Y FY Ki bv|
M. Avwg mš‧ó njvg N. Avwg mšÍ~ó njvg D: M 195. ï× iƒcwU †`Lvb- [wbe©vPb Kwgkb mwPevj‡q cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v I
e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v: 06]
K. mvwnZ¨ I mvs¯‥…wZK Abyôvb (M) mn‡hvwMZv (N) ¯^Ztù~Z© D:K
L. mvwnwZ¨K I ms¯‥…wZ Abyôvb 201. ‡Kvb evK¨wU m¤ú~Y© ï×? [LGED (wnmve mn): 2021]
M. mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZK Abyôvb (K) Zzwg Kx Ki‡e †mUv wK Zzwg Rvb bv?
N. mvwnZ¨K I mvs¯‥…wZK Abyôvb D: K (L) Zzwg wK Ki‡e †mUv wK Zzwg Rvb bv?
196. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i Awdm mnKvix: 19] (M) Zzwg Kx Ki‡e †mUv Kx Zzwg Rvb bv?
K. Abyôvb PjvKvjxb mgq e„wó ïiæ nq (N) Zzwg wK Ki‡e †mUv Kx Zzwg Rvb bv? D:K
L. Zvi mKj †Póv e¨_© n‡q‡Q 202. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï× bq? [LGED (wnmve mn): 2021]
M. evsjv‡`k mg„×kvjx †`k (K) mfvcwZ KZ©„K cÖ¯ÍvewU Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Qb|
N. Avwid me‡P‡q †kÖôZg wkíx D: L (L) mfvcwZ cÖ¯‧vewU Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Qb|
197. ‡KvbwU fzj evK¨? [wbivc` Lv`¨ Awa`ßi: 19] (M) mfvcwZ KZ…©K cÖ¯ÍvewU Aby‡gvw`Z n‡q‡Q|
K. `xbZv me mgq fvj bq (N) mfvcwZ KZ©„K cÖ¯ÍvewU Aby‡gvw`Z nqwb| D : K
L. †`‡ki `vwi`ª `~i Ki‡Z n‡e 203. wb‡Pi †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [weweGm (cwimsL¨vb mnKvix): 2021]
M. mgq eo mswÿß (K) P~Y©wePzY© (L) PzY©wePzY©
N. GLv‡b cÖ‡ek wbwl× D: L (M) P~Y©weP~Y (N) P~Y©weP~Y© D:N
e¨vL¨v: mwVK iƒc n‡e- Ô‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ `~i Ki‡Z n‡eÕ| 204. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [gv`ªvmv wkÿv Awa`ßi : 2021]
198. wb‡Pi †Kvb evK¨wU ï×? [16Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb: 19] (K) wcwcwjKv (L) wccxwjKv
K. Kv‡iv dv¸b gvm, Kv‡iv me©bvk (M) cxwcwjKv (N) wcwcjxKv D:L
L. †m cÖvwYwe`¨vq `ye©j 205. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [‡ijc_ gš¿Yvjq : Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi:
M. AvMZ kwbevi K‡jR eÜ _vK‡e 2021]
N. wewa jw•NZ n‡q‡Q D: L, N (K) bybZg (L) b~¨bZg
199. mwVK evbvb bq †KvbwU? [42Zg wewmGm] (M) by¨bZg (N) b~bZg D:L
(K) aiwY (L) g~Q©v 206. ‡KvbwU ï× evbvb? [gv`K`ªªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa: 2021]
(M) ¸Y (N) cÖvbx D:N (K) e~rcwË (L) e~¨rcwË
200. ‡KvbwU ï× bq? [42Zg wewmGm] (M) ey¨rcwË (N) eyrcwË D:M
(K) hš¿bv (L) k~`ª
AviI cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ GLv‡b †bvU Kiæb

Evsjv FVLV

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Evsjv FVLV

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Copyright:

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Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 49 # evsjv e¨vKiY

weMZ eQ‡i cixÿvq Avmv cÖkm

evsjv evbv‡bi wbqg I evK¨ ïw×

wemM© ( t ) hy³ kãmg~n

e-djv hy³ K‡qKwU kã

RMr, we`¨v, ZË¡, wnsmv, †`n, cwil`, mfv

KiY, K…Z, feb, f~Z

Y-Z¡-wb‡la (evbv‡b `šÍ¨-b)

l-Z¡-wb‡la (evbv‡b `šÍ¨-m/Zvje¨-k)

DrKl©Zv bq, ÔDrKl©Õ kãwU we‡kl¨ Ges ï×|

weMZ eQ‡i cixÿvq Avmv cÖkœmg~n

105. ‡Kvb evbvbwU ï×? [cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ß‡ii wb‡qvM cixÿv:

M. †m․Rbœ N. †m․Rb¨ D: N K. 2wU L. 3wU

AviI cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ GLv‡b †bvU Kiæb

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