Lesson 2 Basic Sociological

and Anthropological
Concepts
BEHAVIOR is an adaptive tool for the
varied stimuli projected by the environment, is
influenced by beliefs, practices and material
possessions.

Behavior = Human traditions

passed on from generation
to the other
ENVIRONMENT and HISTORY
are two primary factors that shape the
BEHAVIOR of human groups.
Squatter’s Area
Catholic School
Chinese Influence our
Values
Spaniards influence our
Religion and Culture
CULTURAL VARIATIONS
Refers to the differences in
social behaviors that different
cultures exhibit around the
world
The Eskimos, who live in frigid areas of The Maasais wear loose, single-layer
Alaska, wear thick layers of garment clothes made of cotton, which are meant
made of animal fur to make them comfortable despite the
hot climate of the grasslands of Africa

(left) Eskimo Family wearing their clothing; (right)Maasai Warrior in traditional clothing
NATIONALITY is the identity that is tied
to being part of a nation or country.
“group of people who share the
same history, traditions and
language”

Who habits a particular territory

delineated by a political border
and controlled by a government
Nationality can be acquired by being
born in a country or by the process of
legal application called
NATURALIZATION
 Famous
Naturalized
Filipino Citizens
 Diana
Mineces
SAM YG
Fabio
Ide
 Daniel
Matsunaga
 Within a Nation are smaller cultural groups that
share specific environments, traditions and histories
that are not necessarily subscribed to by the
mainstream culture.

These are called ETHNIC GROUP.

 Ivatan
from
Batanes
Mangyan of
Mindoro
Ilongot of
Ilo-ilo
Tagbanua of
Quezon and
Palawan
 Ifugao of
Mt. Province
Bagobo of
Mindanao
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
are complex differences among the
individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities
Gender
Socioeconomic Status
Political identity
Religion
Exceptionality
SEX refers to biological characteristic of
human such as male or female

GENDER refers to the socially

constructed roles, behaviors, activities and
attributes that a given society considers
appropriate for men and women
L esbian B isexual

G ay Transgender
Lesbian

A woman who is
primarily
attracted to
other women.
 gay

A person who is attracted

primarily to members of
the same sex. Although it
can be used for any sex
(e.g. gay man, gay woman,
gay person), “lesbian” is
sometimes the preferred
term for women who are
attracted to women.
Bisexual

A person who is
attracted to both
people of their
own gender and
another gender.
Also called “bi”
TRANSGENDER- gender identities do
not match their biological identity as male or
female

TRANSSEXUAL-believe that the

discord between their internal gender and the
gender role that they have to perform can be
addressed through medical sexual reassignment
HETEROSEXUAL- sexually attracted
to a person of the opposite sex

HOMOSEXUAL- sexually attracted to a

person of the same sex. Gay/ Lesbian
SOCIOECONOMIC
CLASS
It refers to the category of persons
who have more or less the same
socioeconomic priviledges in a
society.
 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS
Typical determinants of one’s social status
include:
a. Income
b. value of assets and savings
c. Cultural interests and hobbies
d. Economic status of his or her peers and
relatives
 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS
In the Philippines, our indicators are different,
given the economic and political context in which
our country is in.
Filipinos often described their social class in
personalized contexts.

Mahirap, Medyo mayaman, Sakto lang, mayaman

and the like.
 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS
Seven class system (Smith,
2013)
In Great Britain, a. Elite
Traditional three- b. Established middle class
class system: c. Technical middle class
a. Upper d. New affluent workers
b. Middle e. Traditional working class
c. Working class f. Emergent service workers
g. precariat
POLITICAL IDENTITY as
a social category refers to the set of
attitudes and practices that an
individual adheres to in relation to
the political systems and actors within
his or her society
Examples of how sectors in our society use
their identities as political vehicles to
negotiate their needs

Ang Ladlad Party- negotiates for

the welfare of the LGBTQI community

Ang Kabataan Party- promotes

youth empowerment
What is religion?
 RELIGION
It is an organized system of ideas
about the spiritual sphere or the
supernatural, along with associated
ceremonial or ritualistic practices
by which people try to interpret.
 Monotheistic-believing in the
existence of one god

Polytheistic-believing in the
existence of multiple gods
Iglesia ni Cristo promote the
practice of block voting -
ministers and members agree
to unanimously vote for a
chosen candidate or political
party line up
 EXCEPTIONALITY/NON-
EXCEPTIONALITY
Refers to the state of being intellectually
gifted and/or having physically or mentally
challenged conditions concerning
personality/behavior, communication,
intellect, physical appearance or
combination of more than one specific
exceptionality or disability.
The concept of exceptionality leans on the
non-average capacity of an individual.
Types of Exceptionality
Geniuses
Child Prodigy
Talented Humans
Disabled persons
Exceptional
People
Stephen Hawking
Terrence Tao
Garry Kasparov
Kim Ung-Yong
Incredible
Humans
The
Rubberboy
(Daniel
Browning
Smith)
 The
Magnetic
Man (Liew
Thow Lin)
 The Man
who doesn’t
Sleep (Thai
Ngoc)
The Torture
King (Tim
Cridland)
 The Lion
Whisperer (Kevin
Richardson)
 The Eye-Popping
Man (Claudio Pinto)
 Mister
Eat-it-
All (Mich
el Lotito)
Persons with
Disability
 Human identities are varied due to the
variance in their environment and culture