Case Based Questions - 1709398055133490

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Case Based Quest. Class 12th Physics
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follows.
A semiconductor diode is basically a 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction with metallic contacts provided at the
ends for the application of an external voltage. It is a two terminal device. When an external
voltage is applied across a semiconductor diode, such that 𝑝-side is connected to the positive
terminal of the battery and 𝑛-sich to the negative terminal, it is said to be forward biased.
Whan an external voltage is applied across the diode, such that 𝑛-side is positive and 𝑝-side is
negative, it is said to be reverse biased. An ideal diode is one whose resistance forward biasing
is zero and the resistance is infinite in reverse biasing. When the diode is forward biased, it is
found that beyond forward voltage called knee voltage, the conductivity is very high. When the
biasing voltage is more than the knee voltage, the potential barrier is overcome and the
current increases rapidly with increase in forward voltage. When the diode is reverse biased,
the reverse bias voltage produces a very small current about a few microamperes which almost
remains constant with bias. This small current is reverse saturation current.
Q.1 (i) In the given figure, a diode 𝐷 is connected to an external
resistance 𝑅 = 100Ω and an emf of 3.5 V. If the barrier
potential developed across the diode is 0.5 V, the current in
the circuit will be
(a) 40 mA
(b) 20 mA
(c) 35 mA
(d) 30 mA
Q.2 (ii) In which of the following figures, the 𝑝 − 𝑛 diode is
reverse biased?
Q.3 (iii) Based on the 𝑉 − 𝐼 characteristics of the diode, we can
classify diode as
(a) bilateral device
(b) ohmic device
(c) non-ohmic device
(d) passive element
Q.4 The V-i characteristic of a diode is shown in the figure. The
ratio of the resistance of the diode at 𝑖 = 15 mA to the
resistance at 𝑉 = −10 V is
(a) 100
(b) 106
(c) 10
(d) 10−6
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
Types of Lenses and their combination
A convex or converging lens is thicker at the centre than at the edges. It converges a
beam of light on refraction through it. It has a real focus. Convex lens is of three
types: Double convex lens, 𝑓1 = 𝑓1 + 𝑡1
1 2
Plano-convex lens and Concavo-convex lens. Concave lens is thinner at the centre
than at the edges. It diverges a beam of light on refraction through it. It has a
virtual focus. Concave lenses are of three types: Double concave lens. Plano-
concave lens and Convexo-concave lens When two thin lenses of focal lengths 𝑓1
and 𝑓2 are placed in contact with each other along their common principal axis,
then the two lens system is regarded as a single lens of focal length 𝑓 and
1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑓1 𝑡2
If several thin lenses of focal lengths 𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓𝑛 are placed in contact, then the
effective focal length of the combination is given by
1 1 1 1
= + +⋯+
𝑓 𝑓1 𝑓2 𝑓𝑛
and in terms of power, we can write
𝑃 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + ⋯ + 𝑃𝑛
The value of focal length and power of a lens must be used with proper sign
consideration.
Q.5 (i) Two thin lenses are kept co-axially in contact with each
other and the focal length of the combination is 80 cm. If the
focal length of one lens is 20 cm, the focal length of the other
would be
(a) −26.7 cm
(b) 60 cm
(c) 80 cm
(d) 30 cm
Q.6 ii) A spherical air bubble is embedded in a piece of glass. For
a ray of light passing through the bubble, it behaves like a
(a) converging lens
(b) diverging lens
(c) mirror
(d) thin plane sheet of glass
Q.7 (iii) Lens generally used in magnifying glass is
(a) single concave lens
(b) single convex lens
(c) combination of convex lens of lower power and concave
lens of lower focal length
(d) plano-concave lens
Q.8 (iv) The magnification of an image by a convex lens is
positive only when the object is placed
(a) at its focus 𝐹
(b) between 𝐹 and 2𝐹
(c) at 2𝐹
(d) between 𝐹 and optical centre
Q.9 A convex lens of 20 cm focal length forms a real image which
is three times magnified. The distance of the object from the
lens is
(a) 13.33 cm
(b) 14 cm
(c) 26.66 cm
(d) 25 cm
It is an arrangement made by a close contact of 𝑛-type semiconductor and p-type
semiconductor. There are various methods of forming 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction. In one
method, an 𝑛-type germanium crystal is cut into thin slices called wafers. An
aluminium film is laid on an 𝑛-type wafer, which is then heated in an oven at a
temperature of about 600∘ C. In this way, 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction formed. Biasing is the
method of connecting external battery or emf source to a 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction diode. A
junction of positive terminal connected to positive terminal of battery 𝑝-side of the
diode and negative terminal to the 𝑛-side of the diode.
Moreover, 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction diode called dynamic resistance. It is the ratio of small
change in forward voltage to the small change in forward current produced.
Q.10 (i) The conductivity of a semiconductor increases with
increases in temperature, because
(a) number density of free current
carriers increases
(b) relaxation time increases
(c) both number density of carriers and relaxation time
increases
Q.11 When very small current due to minority charge carriers
flows across the junction, then it is called
(a) forward current
(b) saturated current
(c) reverse current
(d) None of these
Q.12 (iv) In an unbiased, 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction diode hole, diffuse from
the 𝑝-region to 𝑛-region because
(a) free electrons in the 𝑛-region attract them
(b) they moves across the junction by the potential
difference
(c) hole concentration in 𝑝-region is more as compared
(d) All of the above
Combination of thin lenses
Assume two lenses 𝐴 and 𝐵 of focal length 𝑓1 and 𝑓2 placed in contact with each
other. An object is placed at a point 𝑂 beyond the focus of the first lens 𝐴. The first
lens produces an image at 𝐼1 which serves as a virtual object for the second lens 𝐵,
producing the final image at 𝐼.
1 1 1 1
We get focal length, 𝑓 = 𝑓 + 𝑓 + ⋯ + 𝑓
1 2 𝑛
whereas, magnification of these combination of thin lenses,
𝑚 = 𝑚1 × 𝑚2 × 𝑚3 × ⋯ 𝑚𝑛
1 1 1
and thin lens formula, − =
𝑣 𝑢 𝑓
Q.13 (ii) Two lenses are in contact having focal length 25 cm and
− 40 cm. Find total power of this lens.
(a) −6.67D
(b) −2.5D
(c) +1.5D
(d) +4D
Q.14 (i) Two thin lenses are in contact and the focal length of the
combination is 80 cm. If the focal length of one lens is
20 cm, then power of the another lens is
(a) - 3.75 D
(b) +3.75D
(c) −4.75D
(d) +4.75D
Q.15 (iii) A lens is made of two different materials and a point
object is placed on the principal axis of this lens. Count the
images obtained.
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 1
Q.16 (iv) First and second focal lengths of spherical surface of
refractive index 𝑛 are 𝑓1 and 𝑓2 , respectively. The relation
between them, is
(a) 𝑓2 = 𝑓1
(b) 𝑓2 = −𝑓1
(c) 𝑓2 = 𝑛𝑓1
(d) 𝑓2 = −𝑛𝑓1
Refraction through Prism: Strontium titanate is a rare oxide a natural mineral
found in Siberia. It is used as a substitute for diamond because its refractive index
and critical angle are 2.41 and 24.5∘ , respectively, which are approximately equal to
the refractive index and critical angle of diamond. It has all the properties of
diamond. Even an expert jeweller is unable to differentiate between diamond and
strontium titanate. A ray of light is incident normally on one face of an equilateral
triangular prism 𝐴𝐵𝐶 made of strontium titanate.
Q.17 (i) The necessary conditions for total internal reflection is
(a) the angle of incidence in denser medium must be smaller
than the critical angle for two media
(b) the angle of refraction in denser medium must be greater
(c) the angle of incidence in denser medium must be greater
(d) none of these
Q.18 (ii) The speed of light in a medium whose critical angle is
30∘ is
(a) 3 × 108 m/s
(b) 2 × 108 m/s
(c) 1.5 × 108 m/s
(d) 2.5 × 108 m/s
Q.19 (iii) Dispersion power depends upon
(a) height of the prism
(b) angle of prism
(c) material of prism
(d) the shape of prism
Q.20 (iv) A ray of light incident at an angle 𝜃 on refracting face of
a prism emerges from the other normally. If the angle of the
prism is 30∘ and the prism is made up of a material of
refractive index 1.5 , the angle of incidence is
(a) 30∘
(b) 45∘
(c) 60∘
(d) 90∘
Lens Maker's Formula: The lens maker's formula is useful to design lenses of
desired focal lengths using surfaces of suitable radii of curvature. The focal length
also depends on the refractive index of the material of the lens and the
surrounding medium. The refractive index depends on the wavelength of the
light used. The power of a lens is related to its focal length.
Q.21 (i) How will the power of lens affected with an increase of
wave length of light?
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) first increases then decreases
(d) first decreases then increases
Q.22 (ii) The radius of curvatures of two surface of a convex lens
is 𝑅. For what value of 𝜇 of its material will its focal length
become equal to 𝑅 ?
(a) 1
(b) 1.5
(c) 2
(d) infinite
Q.23 (iii) An object is immersed in a fluid. In order that the object
becomes invisible, it should
(a) behave as perfect reflector
(b) absorb all the light falling on it
(c) have refractive index 1
(d) have refractive index exactly matching with that of the
surrounding fluid
Q.24 (iv) An object is placed in front of a Lens Which forms its
erect image of magnification 3. The Power of the lens is 5D.
Calculate the distance of the image from the lens.
(a) −40 cm
(b) 40 cm
(c) −80 cm
(d) 80 cm
Q.25 An electromagnetic wave is produced by a charge
(a) moving with a constant velocity
(b) moving with a constant speed parallel to a magnetic field
(c) moving with an acceleration
(d) at rest
Q.26 The focal length of a concave lens of 𝜇 = 1.5 is 20 cm is air.
4
It is completely immersed in water 𝜇 = . Its focal length in
3
water will be
(a) 20 cm
(b) 40 cm
(c) 60 cm
(d) 80 cm

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