Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ cực hay có lời giải

Phần I. Lý thuyết
1. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách dùng hiện tại phân từ V_ing (Present
participle phrases)

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm hiện tại phân từ
(V_ing) thay cho mệnh đề đó.

*Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ “to be”:

Ví dụ: The girl who is wearing glasses is my cousin.

→ The girl wearing glasses is my cousin. (Cô gái mang kính chính là em họ của tôi.)

*Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi “-ing”:

Ví dụ: The girl who wore glasses is my cousin.

→ The girl wearing glasses is my cousin. (Cô gái mang kính chính là em họ của tôi.)

2. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách dùng quá khứ phân từ V3/ed (Past participle
phrases)

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive) ta dùng cụm quá khứ phân từ
(past participle phrase)

- Ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns), động từ to be, nhưng vẫn giữ quá khứ phân từ
V3/ed.

Ví dụ: The book which was published by AC magazine is the best-seller of this month.

→ The book published by AC magazine is the best-seller of this month.

(Quyển sách được xuất bản bởi tạp chí AC chính là sản phẩm bán chạy nhất tháng này.)
3. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng “to infinitive”

*Khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa: the only, the first, the second,…, the
last, so sánh nhất

Ví dụ: He was the last man who left the room

→ He was the last man to leave the room. (Anh ta là người cuối cùng rời phòng.)

*Động từ là have/ had

Ví dụ: I had some exercises that I need to do.

→ I had some exercises to do. (Tôi có một số bài tập cần phải làm.)

* Đầu câu có Here (be), There (be):

Ví dụ: Here is the form that you must fill in.

→ Here is the form for you to fill in. (Đây là mẫu để bạn điền thông tin vào.)

4. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách sử dụng cụm danh từ

Đối với mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm danh từ
có dạng: Relative Pronoun + be + danh từ/ cụm danh từ/ cụm giới từ

Cách làm: bỏ đại từ quan hệ như who ,which và bỏ luôn cả be.

Ví dụ: Taylor, who is a popular singer, has just split up with her boyfriend.

→ Taylor, a popular singer, has just split up with her boyfriend. (Taylor, một ca sĩ nổi
tiếng, vừa mới chia tay bạn trai.)
Phần II. Bài tập
Task 1. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases

1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?

2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.

5. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.

6. They live in the house that was built in 1890.

8. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle.

9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.

10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

Task 2. Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase

1. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.

2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.

3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.

4. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.

5. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.

Task 3. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

1. We had a river in which we could swim.

2. Here are some accounts that you must check.

3. The last student that was interviewed was Tom.

4. We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.

Task 4. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

1. I was the only one who realized him.

2. I have some homework which I must do tonight.

3. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.

4. I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to
mine at the motel.

5. There are six reports which have to be typed today.

Task 5. Dùng cấu trúc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ viết lại các câu sau

1. The man who is standing there is a clown.

2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the
manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.

4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.

6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the
end of 1812.

7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.

8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.

10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.