Plant cell Organelles and cellular structures that

differentiate it from the animal cell

Cellular wall It is a rigid structure that surrounds the
They do not have a plasma membrane, and gives the plant
developed cytoskeleton,
All living organisms are composed of structural and functional units that we call cells, and plants it is rather simple, nor
cell a prism-like shape.
Its main functions are to protect the cell,
are no exception. Although their cells share similar characteristics with animal cells, they are centrioles (unlike the providing rigidity and support, and to
animal cell), which are regulate relationships with its
characterized by having a defined shape thanks to having a rigid cell wall, and specific organelles environment.
hollowed cylindrical
called chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs. structures, which are AF cellulose fibrils
LI
TTE
involved in cell division.
N RI

cellulose microfibril
Organelles and cellular structures
that they share with the animal cell

Ribosomes

They are the most abundant organelles in the cell. In vacuole Cell Wall Fiber Structure
them the assembly of amino acids is carried out in
the synthesis of proteins. Although animal cells also have this organelle, in
the plant cell there is generally the presence of a
large, central vacuole, which occupies a large part It is composed mainly of
Golgi complex cellulose, formed by linear
of the cell volume. Its main function is to be a
water reserve, in which some amino acids and bonds of glucose.
It is a membrane system responsible for the necessary mineral salts are dissolved.
compaction, modification and distribution of
proteins in the cell.
Chloroplasts
plasma membrane They are the organelles in which the photosynthesis process occurs. They contain
The cells are surrounded by a cellular chlorophyll inside, a green pigment that allows the photosynthesis process to be carried
membrane that is essential for their out by capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy. It has, like the
mitochondria, its own DNA.
viability, since it serves to contain, shape
and protect them. It allows both the Structure of the Chloroplast It is
passage of water, nutrients and other formed by a double membrane:
necessary substances, as well as the exit of an external one that shapes and
waste, and regulates the entry of covers the doroplast, and an internal
substances that may be harmful to the cell. one that folds.
Cytoplasm
It is a substance made up of water, nutrients, sugars and In this membrane, the first part of
proteins, which occupies almost the entire cell volume. In photosynthesis occurs in structures
the cytoplasm are the structures, organelles, and called thylakoids.
substances that the cell needs to carry out its vital
functions.
It then finishes completing itself in the
space between the membrane, called
the stroma. It is also there where the
Mitochondria reserves of nutrients (sugars, starch)
that were synthesized during
They are organelles that function as energy centers of the cell. photosynthesis are stored.
Cellular respiration occurs in them, in which nutrients, such as
glucose, are broken down to obtain energy necessary for cellular
functions. This energy is stored in a molecule called adenosine
triphosphate or ATP. It has its own DNA inside.
Eukaryotic cells:
Endosymbiotic Theory or of Serial Endosymbiosis: plants, some protists
Core
It is a theory described by the American scientist Lynn Margulis, They become
It is a characteristic structure of the eukaryotic cell. It is which explains the appearance of the eukaryotic cell, its nucleus in chloroplasts
surrounded by a membrane, called the nuclear membrane. and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. The theory
Inside it is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), its main functions are proposes that their emergence was from the integration of
to contain hereditary information for cell replication and prokaryotic organisms inside another prokaryotic organism
coordinate cellular functions. (endosymbiosis).
Ancestral photosynthetic
Aerobic bacteria. bacteria

Nucleolus Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Peroxisomas Guest

It is a small, dense region within the nucleus, They are vesicles produced in
whose main function is the production and the Golgi complex, which
assembly of ribosomal components. degrade proteins and lipids to
It is formed by ribosomal DNA molecules, simpler molecules. In plant
ribosomal proteins, and is surrounded by a cells in particular they are less
layer of condensed chromatin. abundant since they produce
their own food.
In both plant and animal cells there are They are vesicles that
two types. On the one hand, the Rough intervene in the
Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), with degradation of fatty
attached ribosomes and responsible for acids and toxic
protein synthesis; on the other, the substances.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER),
without ribosomes attached to its DNA Bacteria become:
Eukaryotic cells:
membrane, responsible for lipid peroxisomes
synthesis. mitochondria animals, fungi, some protists