COMPRESSIBLE FLOW

Isothermal Compressible Flow

Week # 5

Dr. Zohaib Atiq Khan

Assistant Professor
zohaib.atiq@uet.edu.pk
Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite
Materials Engineering (New Campus)

1
Compressible Flow Summary Lecture 3

1. Adiabatic Compressible Flow

1. Fanno Flow

2. Application of adiabatic compressible flow

3. Parameter relations, Mach Number, Pressure, Density, Temperature

4. Conduit length relationship w.r.t Mach Number

5. Mass velocity relationship

6. Examples (Bonus Marks)

UET 2
LAHORE Copyright ® Dr Zohaib Atiq Khan
Compressible Flow Processes of Compressible Flow

Isothermal Frictional Flow

Isentropic
Section Isothermal Section

Reservoir Flow Receiver

Heating Jacket

This process is nonadiabatic and nonisentropic

The stagnation temperature changes during the process, since 𝑇 is constant

𝒖𝟐
𝑻𝒔 = 𝑻 + (26)
𝟐𝒄𝒑
This type of flow usually occurs in long gas pipeline from one compressor station to the
other.
The Mach number is usually low and density variation can be averaged out

UET 3
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Compressible Flow Processes of Compressible Flow
Isothermal Frictional Flow Isothermal Section

Flow

Heating /Cooling Jacket

a b

Relationship for the pressure drop

ҧ
𝐺 2 𝑓∆𝐿 𝑀 𝑝𝑎
= 𝑝𝑎2 − 𝑝𝑏2 − 𝐺 2 ln
2𝑟𝐻 2𝑅𝑇 𝑝𝑏
𝐺 = 𝜌𝑢

UET 4
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Compressible Flow Processes of Compressible Flow
Isothermal Frictional Flow

Isothermal Section

Flow

Heating /Cooling Jacket

a b

Relationship for Heat Transfer In Isothermal Flow

𝑄 𝐺2 1 1
= ( 2 − 2)
𝑚 2 𝜌𝑎 𝜌𝑏

UET 5
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Compressible Flow Isothermal Frictional Flow
Example 1
A natural gas line has an diameter of 0.91m. The compressor stations are located 97 km
apart. The pressure at the outlet is 5171 kPa and the pressure at the inlet of the second is
3447kPa. The gas may be considered as ideal gas with molecular weight 18. The
temperature is constant at 21 0C. What is the mass flow rate of natural gas.

Solution
L = 97000 m

D = 0.91 m T = 21 0C

5171 kPa 3447 kPa

𝑅 = 8.314 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾
1
𝑀 = 18 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 −
𝑓 = 0.0080 𝐷 3 = 2.43𝑥10−3
𝑇 = 273 + 21 = 294 𝐾

UET 6
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Compressible Flow Isothermal Frictional Flow
Example 2
Air at 1.7 𝑎𝑡𝑚 gauge and 15°𝐶 enters a horizontal 75 𝑚𝑚 steel pipe that is 70 𝑚
long. The velocity at the entrance of the pipe is 60 𝑚/𝑠. Assuming isothermal flow, what
is the pressure at the discharge end of the line?
L = 70 m

Solution
u = 60 𝑚/𝑠
D = 75 mm T = 15 0C

1.7 atm ? kPa

𝐷 = 0.0075 𝑚

0.075
𝑟𝐻 = = 0.01875 𝑚
4 ҧ
𝐺 2 𝑓∆𝐿 𝑀 𝑝𝑎
𝜇 = 1.74 × 10−4 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑠 = 𝑝𝑎2 − 𝑝𝑏2 − 𝐺 2 ln
2𝑟𝐻 2𝑅𝑇 𝑝𝑏
29 2.7 273
𝜌𝑎 = × × = 3.31 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
22.4 1 288 𝑝𝑏 = 1.264 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝐺 = 𝑢𝜌 = 60 × 3.31 = 198.6 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2 𝑠

𝑁𝑅𝑒 = 8.56 × 105

𝑓 = 0.0044 Figure 5.9

UET 7
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Compressible Flow Chapter Review

Fundamental Concepts of Compressible Flow

Process in Compressible Flow

1- Isentropic Compressible Flow
2- Adiabatic Compressible Flow
3- Isothermal Compressible Flow

Chapter Problems

Problem 6.1
Problem 6.2
Problem 6.3
Problem 6.4

UET 8
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