TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………….…..……….………………………………… 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …...……….…………….……………………………… 2
ABSTRACT ……...………………………………….……………………………… 3
CHAPTER 1: Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study …..………….………………………………… 4

1.2 Statement of the Problem ….………………….………………………… 6

1.3 Objective of the Study ……………….…………………………………. 7

1.4 Significance of the Study ………………….……………………………. 7

1.5 Scope of the Study ……………………………………………………… 8

CHAPTER 2: Review of Related Literature

2.1 Land Used Activity ……………………………..………………….……10

2.2 Lack of Drainage System ………………………………………….…… 11

2.3 Effects of Rough Road………………………………...……..…….…… 11

CHAPTER 3: Research Methodology ……………………..………………...........12

CHAPTER 4: Result and Discussion ………………………………....…….……..13

CHAPTER 5: Conclusion and Recommendation ……………….……………… 20

DOCUMENTATION …………………………………………….………….….… 23

REFERENCES …………………………...……………………….…………….… 25
APPENDICES …………………………………..……………….…………..….… 26
CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………….……………….… 28

1
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to express our sincere gratitude to all those who
contributed to the success of this research endeavor. This study would not have been
possible without the invaluable support and collaboration of numerous individuals.

First and foremost, the researchers extend their deepest appreciation to ENGR.
RICHARD R. GUTIERREZ, their project supervisor, for his guidance, expertise, and
unwavering support throughout the entire research process. His insights and
constructive feedback significantly enriched the quality of this study.

Special thanks go to the Barangay Officials of Poblacion 03, Baler for giving
the researchers a permission to conduct their study at Bonifacio Street. Their
generosity played a crucial role in the successful completion of the study.

Furthermore, the researchers extend their appreciation to their families and friends for
their understanding, encouragement, and patience during the demanding phases of this
project.

Lastly, to the Lord God, who gave them strength, good health, energy and
determination to make this piece of work a reality.

This research represents a collective effort, and the researchers are truly thankful for
the support of everyone involved.

RESEARCHERS

2
 ABSTRACT

This case study explores the impact of rising waters on road conditions along
Bonifacio Street, Poblacion 03, Baler, Aurora. Focusing on flooded and deteriorating
roads, the researchers aimed to unravel the complexities of this intersection between
climate change and urban infrastructure. The reserachers analysis delves into the
implications for public safety, road integrity, and community resilience, offering
valuable insights for sustainable urban development. The procedures that researchers
used in this case study are based on human inspection and contribution of respondents
through questionnaire. A local highway of Bonifacio Street, Poblacion 03, Baler,
Aurora was selected to serve as a study area which has flooding and rough road
problem, Bonifacio Street is located near at the Baler Terminal. The subject was
550m or 0.55km long road; it has 5 intersections including the Cor Bonifacio, Burgos,
Zamora, Rizal Street, and Quezon Street. Also, a 3-star Hotel, general store, hardware
shop, lodges, and banks are all located along the highway.

From the result it was shown that heavy rainfall and road design such as
drainage issues are significant factors contributing to flooding on Bonifacio Street
which the flooding on Bonifacio Street significantly impacts the respondent’s daily
commute and accessing businesses or residences becomes challenging due to
flooding; the weather conditions significantly impact the quality of the road surface
on Bonifacio Street.

It can be concluded that sewerage system is important to the community for

certain reasons. First, it is necessary for safeguarding the people’s health. If there is
no proper drainage system, water will stagnate and the stagnant water becomes
breeding place for harmful insects. Second, it is necessary for proper discharge of
wastewater, rain water and run-offs and for efficient flood control. Water falling or
gushing from downspouts close to the foundation will sink straight down next to the
foundation wall. The sudden soil expands, pressing against the foundation, causing
bowing or cracks. Water will seep through the cracks, causing further damage which
is observed in Bonifacio Street.

3
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

“In the relentless tide of challenges, as waters rise and roads fall, we find
resilience in navigating the rough terrain of life. It's not the smooth paths that
define us, but our ability to rise above the waters and pave new roads with the
strength forged in adversity.”

Road Transportation

Road transportation plays a vital component of economic development and

social welfare, providing access to goods, services, and people. However, the
condition of roads is often a significant problems facing road transportation, which
can impact the quality of roads and lead to socio-economic consequences. Flooding
and rough terrain can damage roads, disrupt transportation networks, and cause
delays, which can result in increased costs, reduced access to essential services, and
lower economic productivity. To reduce this negative impact, it is necessary to
adequate the information to identify the problems.

According to a recent study by M.R Hasan et al. (2021), climate change has
led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including
floods, which can cause significant damage to road infrastructure. The study
highlights the need for effective measures to prevent and mitigate the impact of floods
on roads, including the use of durable and resilient materials, improved drainage
systems, and regular maintenance.

Another study by C.M Kumar et al. (2019), the socio-economic impact of poor road
infrastructure in flood-prone areas was examined. The study found that flooded roads
can disrupt transportation networks, leading to delays, increased costs, and reduced
access to essential services. The study highlights the need for effective measures to

4
improve the resilience of road infrastructure in flood-prone areas, including the use of
appropriate design standards and regular maintenance.

Drainage System

Drainage quality is an important parameter which affects the highway

pavement performance. The excessive water content in the pavement base, sub-base,
and sub-grade soils can cause early distress and lead to a structural or functional
failure of pavement.

A study by S. K. Pal et al. (2019) examined the impact of the lack of drainage
systems on highway infrastructure, with a focus on the socio-economic consequences.
The study found that the lack of drainage systems can lead to flooding, which can
cause significant damage to highway infrastructure, disrupt transportation networks,
and increase transportation costs. The study highlights the need for effective drainage
systems and regular maintenance to improve the resilience of highway transportation
systems.

This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of flooded and rough

roads in Bonifacio Street, Poblacion 03, Baler Aurora, exploring the impact of these
condition on road infrastructure and the associated socio-economic consequences. The
research will also examine the existing measures used to prevent and mitigate the
impact of floods and rough terrain on roads, including design and construction
techniques, drainage systems, and maintenance strategies. The findings of this study
will provide insights into effective strategies for improving road infrastructure
resilience, durability, and stability, which can help to reduce the impact of floods and
rough terrain on road transportation. Ultimately, this research will contribute to the
development of sustainable and resilient road networks that can withstand the impact
of extreme weather conditions and support economic and social development.

5
 A study by S.K Singh et al. (2020) focused on the impact of rough terrain on
road infrastructure, particularly in mountainous regions. The study found that the use
of appropriate design and construction techniques, such as the use of geosynthetics,
can improve the durability and stability of roads in rough terrain areas.

Overall, these studies highlight the significant challenges facing road transportation in
flood-prone and rough terrain areas and emphasize the need for effective measures to
improve the resilience and durability of road infrastructure in these regions.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem addressed in this case study research is the impact of floods and
rough terrain on road infrastructure, leading to poor road conditions and socio-
economic consequences.

In the preliminary survey of this study, it has found out that the location of
Bonifacio Street is located near at the Baler Terminal. The subject was 550m or
0.55km long road; it has 5 intersections including the Cor Bonifacio, Burgos, Zamora,
Rizal Street, and Quezon Street. Also, a 3-star Hotel, general store, hardware shop,
lodges, and banks are all located along the highway.

The study will look out for the following factors that cause inconvenience to
motorists:

a. Dimension and design of the highway

b. Condition of the road in terms of weather conditions such as:

 During rainy day and,

 After Rainy day

c. Residential and Commercial Buildings

6
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of this study can be summarized in the following:

1. Assess the detrimental effects of floods and rough terrain on road

infrastructure, with a specific focus on understanding the extent of
damage, and the associated economic and social consequences.

2. Evaluate the factors of these problems on and along the highway.

3. Recommend solutions to the problems found on the analysis of the

highway.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will seek to provide important information and insights that will
benefit the community and residence of Baler considering that transportation plays an
important role in their daily lives.

Locals and Motorists

This will provide awareness to road users and locals along the area the
factors affecting the flow of vehicle. This study will provide
information regarding proper way of using the road considering the
current design of the highway.

LGU-Baler

This gives vision and power to local governments to provide possible

solutions before assessing these kinds of issues to provide good service

7
 in terms of transportation to their community and attain development.
Thus, reducing the delay and inconvenience to the road users.

Tourists

This research will be useful not only for Baler residents, but also for
the tourists who use this road network. The study will serve as their
guide about the condition of the highway especially during calamity or
with weather conditions.

Future Researchers

This study will serve as reference for students with similar studies
about road problems. It may serve as basis or additional source of
information if related topics are being conducted for study in the future

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this research, titled "Rising Waters, Falling Roads: A

Comprehensive Analysis of Flooded and Rough Roads in Bonifacio Street, Poblacion
03, Baler, Aurora" is a focused investigation into the specific challenges faced by
Bonifacio Street, due to rising waters and rough terrain that causes inconvenience to
the road users and the quality of the road because of poor or lack of drainage system.

The survey, observation, and observing the types of vehicles will be taken
during peak hours with before and after a bad weather condition to ensure the
accuracy of information in this study.

To support these assumptions, a few questions using questionnaire were given

to the random fifty (50) locals, tricycle drivers, and students— drivers who uses the
road, as they are more aware of the daily situation of the highway.

8
 Bonifacio Street, Poblacion 03, Baler (Google Map)

This study was conducted to analyze and identify the problems encountered
and observed along Bonifacio Street, Poblacion 03, Baler Aurora. Those mentioned
variables are assumed to be the factors affecting the quality of the road to the safety
of motorists on a daily basis especially during peak hours and with bad weather
conditions.

9
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to a recent study by M.R Hasan et al. (2021), climate change has
led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including
floods, which can cause significant damage to road infrastructure. The study
highlights the need for effective measures to prevent and mitigate the impact of floods
on roads, including the use of durable and resilient materials, improved drainage
systems, and regular maintenance.

A study by S.K Singh et al. (2020) focused on the impact of rough terrain on
road infrastructure, particularly in mountainous regions. The study found that the use
of appropriate design and construction techniques, such as the use of geosynthetics,
can improve the durability and stability of roads in rough terrain areas.

Overall, these studies highlight the significant challenges facing road transportation in
flood-prone and rough terrain areas and emphasize the need for effective measures to
improve the resilience and durability of road infrastructure in these regions.

Land Used Activity

The structure of land use is important to a transport demand and capacity of

transport. A study by A.K. Singh et al. (2021) focused on the use of geosynthetics to
improve the stability and durability of roads in rough terrain areas. The study found
that the use of geosynthetics, such as geotextiles and geo-grids, can improve the
bearing capacity of roads, reduce soil erosion, and improve drainage, leading to better
road conditions and reduced maintenance costs.

10
Lack of Drainage System

A study by S. K. Pal et al. (2019) examined the impact of the lack of drainage
systems on highway infrastructure, with a focus on the socio-economic consequences.
The study found that the lack of drainage systems can lead to flooding, which can
cause significant damage to highway infrastructure, disrupt transportation networks,
and increase transportation costs. The study highlights the need for effective drainage
systems and regular maintenance to improve the resilience of highway transportation
systems.

Another study by G. A. Adeniji et al. (2018) focused on the impact of the lack
of drainage systems on highway infrastructure in Nigeria. The study found that the
lack of drainage systems can cause significant damage to highway infrastructure,
leading to reduced access to essential services, increased transportation costs, and
lower economic productivity. The study highlights the need for improved drainage
systems and regular maintenance to improve the resilience of highway transportation
systems in Nigeria.

Effect of Rough Road

A study by A. K. Singh et al. (2021) examined the impact of rough roads on

the ride quality of vehicles and the associated driver fatigue. The study found that
rough roads can cause significant discomfort to the driver and passengers, leading to
increased driver fatigue and reduced safety on the road.

Another study by M. R. Hasan et al. (2020) focused on the impact of rough roads on
vehicle operating costs, including maintenance and fuel consumption. The study
found that rough roads can cause significant damage to vehicles, leading to increased

11
maintenance costs and reduced fuel efficiency, which can significantly impact the
overall cost of transportation.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researchers will focus on the effective methods to get more
detailed information. Through this chapter, it will develop a better understanding
about the research in detail, particularly how research is conducted and the
information that will be discussed.

There are a variety of evaluation procedures that the researchers used to the problem,
these include observing the road, gathering information through asking fifty (50)
people living near along the road and drivers who uses the road, and human
inspection.

Observation

The researchers visited the highway during and before bad weather
conditions as preliminary survey to have a detailed idea about the
possible factors that result a flooded and rough road that causes
inconvenience to the locals and road users; and to the road
infrastructure stability.

Information gathered through interview and questionnaires

The researchers surveyed fifty (50) residents and vehicle users that
have been affected by occurrences or problems caused by these
factors. Following questions are asked to gather information regarding
their experience using the highway with bad weather conditions, and

12
 what recommendations do they have to improve the quality of the
highway; and ways to lessen the rising waters that causes the road to
fall.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the researchers’ findings and will specifically answer the
different factors of flooded and rough roads, their main causes and associated with
other road problems being found along the Bonifacio Street, Poblacion 03, Baler,
Aurora.

OBSERVATION
 It was found out that during bad weather conditions the Bonifacio Street is
covered with big amount of water. In these conditions with the rush or peak
hours that usually starts at 5:00-5:30pm where approximately 16
vehicles/minute passes through the highway; and around 5:30-6:00pm there
are estimated of 22 vehicles/minute. The vehicles were moving slowly due to
the flooding and rough road conditions.
DAY 1: DURING A RAINY DAY

Figure 1 & 2. Sunday, 4:00 - 4:30 pm

13
 DAY 2: AFTER A RAINY DAY

Figure 3 & 4. Monday, 5:30 – 6:00 pm

14
  The researchers found out that Inadequate Drainage System causes flood, and
early pavement distresses leading to driving problems and structural failures
of road like Bonifacio Street had, with this problem, it resulted to flooded and
a rough road which affected the users.

 The pavement has width of 6 meters, and flexible pavement. It has found out
that the road pavement is in bad condition because of lack of drainage and the
rising waters during and after rainy day is a major cause slow moving

vehicles.
Figure 5 & 6. Damaged Road Pavement & Lack of Drainage System in Bonifacio
Street
 The researchers observed that the other causes of poor road infrastructure are
the businesses and establishments without drainage system that result in
flooding, property damage, health hazards, and disruptions to operations.

15
 Figure 7 & 10. Establishments along the Bonifacio Street

 It was found out that the Bonifacio Street has Insufficient Slope or Grade that
struggles to channel water away, increasing the likelihood of standing water
during rainfall
 The researchers found out that the Bonifacio Street has Lack of Proper
Roadside Ditches. In the absence of well-maintained ditches along the road of
Bonifacio Street, water may pool on the surface instead of being directed
away.

Figure 11 & 12. Lack of Ditches & Insufficient Slope in Bonifacio

Street
 The researchers observed the Lack of Maintenance of the road infrastructure
in Bonifacio Street. Poor maintenance practices, such as infrequent cleaning of
drains or failure to repair damaged drainage infrastructure, can exacerbate
flooding issues.
 It is observed that the other causes of road infrastructure is the Age and
Deterioration of Infrastructure along the highway of Bonifacio Street. Aging
infrastructure, including worn-out or damaged drainage components, can
reduce the system's effectiveness and contribute to flooding and road
degradation.

The susceptibility of roads to flooding and damage can also be influenced by the types
of vehicles using them. Here are some observations of the researchers related to
vehicles that uses Bonifacio Street that can contribute to road flooding and damage:

 Heavy Traffic Load: High volumes of heavy vehicles using the Bonifacio
Street is observed, such as trucks and buses, can accelerate wear and tear on

16
 roads, making them more prone to damage, especially during adverse weather
conditions.

 Improperly Loaded Trucks: Overloaded trucks are observed in the

Bonifacio Street, it can exert excessive pressure on the road surface, leading to
structural damage and potentially exacerbating drainage issues.

INFORMATION GATHERED THROUGH QUESTIONNAIRES

The following bar graphs below of each segments shows the results of the data
gathered from surveys wherein respondents are consists of Five (5) 18 years old
motorist drivers and a Bonifacio Street Resident, Eighteen (18) 20 to 30 years old
drivers along Bonifacio Street, two (2) Civil Engineering students, fifteen (15)
residents, five (5) tricycle drivers, and five (5) business owners/employees along
Bonifacio Street with a total of Fifty (50) respondents.

CA USES OF FLOODING
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral
Dis-Agree Strongly Dis-Agree

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

A. Heavy rainfall is a significant factor contributing to flooding on Bonifacio

Street.
B. The road design on Bonifacio Street contributes to drainage issues and
flooding.

The data revealed that heavy rainfall and road design such as drainage issues
are significant factors contributing to flooding on Bonifacio Street with 70% of the
respondents strongly agreed and 30% of the respondents agreed about the heavy
rainfall as a significant factor contributing to flooding on Bonifacio Street.

17
In the other hand, 44% of the respondents strongly agreed, 40% of the respondents
Agreed, and 16% of the respondents are uncertain with the statement saying that
drainage issues and flooding are because of the design of the road of Bonifacio Street

According to a recent study by M.R Hasan et al. (2021), climate change has
led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including
floods, which can cause significant damage to road infrastructures.

EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON
TR A NSPOR TA TION
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral
Dis-Agree Strongly Dis-Agree

0 10 20 30 40 50

A. Flooding on Bonifacio Street significantly impacts my daily commute.

B. Accessing businesses or residences becomes challenging due to
flooding on Bonifacio Street.

The data revealed that 86% of the respondents strongly agreed, and 14% of the
respondents agreed, about the flooding on Bonifacio Street significantly impacts their
daily commute. In the other hand, the statement saying that accessing businesses or
residences becomes challenging due to flooding on Bonifacio Street got 70% of the
respondents strongly agreed, 20% of the respondents agreed, and 10% of the
respondents are uncertain.

Another study by C.M Kumar et al. (2019), the socio-economic impact of poor
road infrastructure in flood-prone areas was examined. The study found that flooded

18
roads can disrupt transportation networks, leading to delays, increased costs, and
reduced access to essential services.

R OA D SUR FA CE CONDITION
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral
Dis-Agree Strongly Dis-Agree

0 10 20 30 40 50

A. The road surface on Bonifacio Street is well-maintained and smooth.

B. Potholes are a common issue on the road surface of Bonifacio Street.

The data revealed that 64% of the respondents strongly dis-agreed, 24% of the
respondents dis-agreed, and 12% of the respondents are uncertain about the Bonifacio
Street as well-maintained and smooth road surface.

Meanwhile, 60% of the respondents Strongly Agreed, 32% of the respondents agreed,
and 8% of the respondents are uncertain about the statement saying that the road
surface of Bonifacio Street has a common issue of potholes.

A study by A. K. Singh et al. (2021) examined the impact of rough roads on

the ride quality of vehicles and the associated driver fatigue. The study found that
rough roads can cause significant discomfort to the driver and passengers, leading to
increased driver fatigue and reduced safety on the road.

19
 FA CTOR S CONTR IBUTING R OA D
R OUGHNESS
Strongly Agree Agree Nuetral
Dis-Agree Strongly Dis-Agree

0 10 20 30 40 50

A. Inadequate road maintenance is a key factor in the roughness of

Bonifacio Street.
B. Weather conditions significantly impact the road surface quality on
Bonifacio Street.

The data revealed that weather conditions and inadequate road maintenance
has significantly impacted the road surface of Bonifacio Street with 62% of the
respondents strongly agreed, and 38% of the respondents agreed; 70% respondents
strongly agreed and 30% of the respondents agreed with the statement about the
weather conditions that significantly impact the quality of the road surface on
Bonifacio Street.

20
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

The journey through the inundated and uneven pathways of Bonifacio Street
has unraveled a complex tapestry of challenges, prompting a deeper understanding of
the factors contributing to the persistent issues of flooding and road deterioration.
Poor drainage caused by the shape of the landscape or inadequate drainage
systems can damage buildings and move soil from where it causes trouble. The effects
of poor drainage system extend beyond single properties and can have an impact on
roads, waterways, and health. Driving is a highly complex task, more so in
unfavorable weather conditions. Weather-related road accidents are such accidents
that occur in the presence of unfavorable weather conditions.
Water falling or gushing from downspouts close to the foundation will sink
straight down next to the foundation wall. The sudden soil expands, pressing against
the foundation, causing bowing or cracks. Water will seep through the cracks, causing
further damage which is can be seen and observe in Bonifacio Street.
A common problem with poor drainage is erosion—water that runs over land and
down slopes without catch basin or trench drain containment carries soil, mulch, and
debris with it and robs trees and plants of nutrients. When the water runs off over poor
soil, it can cause the property owner to compensate by overwatering plants and trees,
causing root and disease.

21
RECOMMENDATION
 Infrastructure Resilience Enhancement
To address the challenges posed by flooded and rough roads on Bonifacio
Street, it is imperative to invest in the enhancement of infrastructure resilience.
This includes the implementation of robust drainage systems, elevated road
designs, and the use of durable materials that can withstand prolonged
exposure to water. Collaborating with urban planners and engineers to
incorporate climate-resilient infrastructure designs will be crucial in mitigating
the impact of rising waters on the roadways.
 Regular Maintenance and Monitoring
Establishing a routine maintenance schedule for the roads on Bonifacio Street
is essential for early detection and prompt resolution of issues related to
flooding and road degradation. Regular cleaning of drainage systems,
repairing damaged road surfaces, and monitoring the condition of the
infrastructure during extreme weather events will contribute to the overall
longevity and functionality of the road network.
 Community Engagement and Education
Engaging with the local community and raising awareness about the impact of
flooded and rough roads is vital. Conducting workshops, seminars, and
awareness campaigns on proper waste disposal to prevent clogging of drains,
as well as educating residents on the importance of maintaining the
infrastructure, can foster a sense of collective responsibility. Informed and
involved communities are more likely to take proactive measures to mitigate
the impact of rising waters.
 Collaboration with Government Agencies
Forge strong partnerships with relevant government agencies responsible for
disaster management, climate adaptation, and infrastructure development.
Collaborative efforts can facilitate the allocation of resources, funding, and
expertise needed to implement comprehensive solutions. Engaging with these

22
 agencies will also enable the integration of the Bonifacio Street case study into
broader city-level strategies for climate resilience and disaster preparedness.
 Implementation of Early Warning Systems
Integrate early warning systems for floods and extreme weather events.
Timely alerts can help residents and businesses prepare for potential road
disruptions and take precautionary measures.

Implementing these recommendations in a coordinated and sustained manner will

contribute to the creation of a more resilient and sustainable road infrastructure on not
only in Bonifacio Street but in entire road and highways at Poblacion 03, Baler,
Aurora., safeguarding the community against the adverse effects of flooding and
rough road conditions.

23
 DOCUMENTATION

Figures 13-19. Conducting surveys and interview to the Bonifacio Street residents,
business employees, and motorists.

24
Figures 20 -25. Observing the road condition after the rainy day

Figures 26 -27. Observing residential & commercial buildings without

drainage

25
 REFERENCES

A study on the improvement of the drainage system beside Central Philippine

University, Iloilo City (cpu.edu.ph)

A.K. Singh et al. (2021) focused on the use of geosynthetics to improve the stability
and durability of roads in rough terrain areas.

C.M Kumar et al. (2019), the socio-economic impact of poor road infrastructure in
flood-prone areas was examined.

Extreme weather events, including floods, which can cause significant damage to road
infrastructure.

G. A. Adeniji et al. (2018) focused on the impact of the lack of drainage systems on
highway infrastructure in Nigeria.

M.R Hasan et al. (2021), climate change has led to an increase in the frequency and
intensity of

Measuring and evaluating of road roughness conditions with a compact road profiler
and ArcGIS - ScienceDirect

REVIEW OF ROAD DRAINAGE SYSTEM (CASE STUDY: JALAN

CIGOMBONG KM 16 - KM 23) (researchgate.net)
S. K. Pal et al. (2019) examined the impact of the lack of drainage systems on
highway infrastructure, with a focus on the socio-economic consequences.

S.K Singh et al. (2020) focused on the impact of rough terrain on road infrastructure,
particularly in mountainous regions.

26
APPENDICES

27
 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

This is a survey for observation and analyzation about the Rising Waters,
Falling Road in Bonifacio Street, Poblacion 03, Baler, Aurora.
Your answer is necessary for the completion of this study. Kindly put a check
mark (√) on the space provided that correspond to your observation and analyzation
using the following option.

Strongly Agree- 5, Agree- 4, Neutral- 3, Disagree- 2, Strongly disagree- 1

Thank you very much.

- Researchers

Age:___ Gender:___ Length of Residency in Bonifacio Street:_________________

STATEMENTS 5 4 3 2 1
Causes of Flooding on Bonifacio Street
Heavy rainfall is a significant factor contributing to flooding on
Bonifacio Street.
The road design on Bonifacio Street contributes to drainage issues
and flooding.
Effects of Flooding on Transportation
Flooding on Bonifacio Street significantly impacts my daily
commute.
Accessing businesses or residences becomes challenging due to
flooding on Bonifacio Street.
Road Surface Condition on Bonifacio Street
The road surface on Bonifacio Street is well-maintained and smooth.
Potholes are a common issue on the road surface of Bonifacio
Street.
Factors Contributing to Road Roughness
Inadequate road maintenance is a key factor in the roughness of
Bonifacio Street.
Weather conditions significantly impact the road surface quality on
Bonifacio Street.

28
 JUSTINE NICOLE B. BUSTILLOS
Brgy. Esperanza, Dilasag, Aurora
Contact No.: 0970-632-7429
G-mail: justinnicolebustillos@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: April 20, 2004
Place of Birth: Brgy. Esperanza, Dilasag, Aurora
Height: 5’7 ft
Weight: 55 kg
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single

EDUCATION

Tertiary:
Bachelor of Science in Civil-Engineering
Aurora State College of Technology
Brgy. Zabali, Baler Aurora
2023 - (Present)
Senior High:
Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM)
Wesleyan University Philippines – Aurora Campus
Brgy. Florida Maria Aurora, Aurora
2019-2021
Junior High:
Manggitahan National Highschool
Brgy. Manggitahan, Dilasag, Aurora
2015-2019
Elementary:
Camilo Osias Elementary School
Brgy. Esperanza, Dilasag, Aurora
2008-2015
AFFILIATIONS
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) - Member

29
Association of Civil Engineering Students (ACES) – Member

KATRINA KYLA BUENCAMINO

Purok 1, Barangay San Isidro, San Luis, Aurora
Contact No.: 0951-342-1543
G-mail: katrinakylabuencamino@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: November 13, 2003
Place of Birth: Baler, Aurora
Height: 5’3 ft
Weight: 46 kg
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single

EDUCATION

Tertiary:
Bachelor of Science in Civil-Engineering
Aurora State College of Technology
Brgy. Zabali, Baler Aurora
2023 - (Present)
Senior High:
Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM)
Aurora National Science High School
Brgy. Buhanging, Baler, Auroa
2019-2021
Junior High:
Aurora National Science High School
Brgy. Buhanging, Baler, Auroa
2015-2019
Elementary:
Baler Central School
117 Recto, Poblacion, Baler, Aurora
2008-2015
AFFILIATIONS

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Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) - Member
Association of Civil Engineering Students (ACES) – Member

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