PREFACE

This is presented to all the students taking up Bachelor of Science in Civil

engineering as their reference in the road inventory surveys.

This compiled book in Road Inventory Survey is an output of the overall

efforts and as a result of cumulative data gathering and surveying of the
authors as a part of the subject Highway Engineering and Transportation
considering the western part of Santa Circumferential Road, the Santa
Town Road.

We the authors would like to encourage all the readers of this piece to
discover and see the beauty and enjoyment of conducting surveys and
other related activities in Highway Engineering and Transportation.

We take into consideration that this book will be great aid for the students
of the College of Engineering. This piece may not be perfect, but we
assured the readers that it will answer all their questions and doubts
regarding Road Inventory Surveys.
DEDICATION

We humbly dedicate and share this piece of work to all

individuals who will be able to see it and also want to give thanks to
all the contributors of this project, especially to our parents and
friends and also to all the persons who had helped us in the
completion of this project.

We also want to give thanks to the UNP administration,

especially to Dr. Erwin Cadorna for letting us conduct this activity.
We would also like to have this opportunity to give thanks to our
humble, intellectual, very supportive and approachable Professor,
Franklin T. Amistad, CE, MSCE.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

TRAFFIC STUDY: ROAD INVENTORY

PREFACE
DEDICATION
INTRODUCTION 1

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 2

SCOPE AND LIMITATION 3

RVIEW LITERATURE

METHODOLOGY 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5

APENDICES

-DOCUMENTATONS

PROFILE 23

-ABOUT THE AUTHOR/S

-ABOUT THE PROFESSOR

INTRODUCTION

ROAD INVENTORY: A TRAFFIC STUDY

Road inventory survey is a comprehensive survey responsible for

maintaining the roadway inventory system. The inventory includes the
functional classification of roads, total mileage, owner and the assets assigned
to roadway sections. Roadway Inventory can be used to study the profile of the
roads in the area of study features like road/pavement widths, road pavement
types, street lighting, luminosity, drain types, encroachments, presence of
vendor/street furniture, bus stops etc. can be studied and detailed resulting in the
most accurate and detailed profiling of the existing conditions. Road inventory
also helps to create and maintain highway and street traffic signs data bases.
Data collection involves geolocation of signs and roadway markers (destination
distance signs), the mapping of feature locations (e.g. signs erected at the side
of, or above roads, and at what height) along with recording of specific attribute
information.

Santa circumferential road located at the town of Santa, Ilocos Sur

connects four poblacions/barangays: Marcos District, Quirino District, Quezon
District and Magsaysay District. The Santa circumferential road was built
because of multiple destructive flood happened to the town. The destructive
flood “Layos Bungsot” (literal: "Flood of Rotting") of 1852 eroded the first
poblacion founded in 1576 and caused the town center to be transferred to a
new site, which is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the first site. Another
 destructive flood in 1905, “Layos Nawnaw” (literal: "Dissolving Flood")
motivated the people to transfer the poblacion to Pasungol in the southern part
of the town in 1907. Don Domingo Bueno y Ramirez, the presidente
municipal (town mayor), transferred the government, and the new poblacion
was laid out. Circumferential roads were laid out in the shape of a spider
web with the town plaza in the middle.

Santa Town road is a road section of Santa, Ilocos sur between Barangay
Quezon and Quirino District wherein we conducted our study. This is the main road
of the town which is located west of the town plaza. We choose this location because
it serves as the large-scale transport links between areas of the town. It is also
typically lined with buildings and public spaces. In conducting this study, we will be
able to know the length and width of the road in each sections, type of the pavement,
and the different distresses present in the Santa Town road, Santa, Ilocos Sur.

OBJECTIVE OF
THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to determine the current status of the road. It will
assess the existing physical characteristics and land uses of the area. To obtain
proper information on road survey and to identify the dimensions of various
roads of the town.

SCOPE AND
LIMITATIONS
 As specified on the map below, the road survey was conducted only at the
center of the municipal circumferential road of the town, wherein it connects
the four barangays of the municipality. The study will only focus on describing
the existing physical characteristics and land uses of its surrounding, identifying
the dimensions of various roads, and also include the geometrics, and traffic
control devices such as signage’s, signals, pavement markings.

SANTA TOWN ROAD

REVIEW RELATED
LITERATURE

Khaing.H. & Htwe.T, (2014) explain that for good system of highway the factors that
cause road degradation should be considered. Road maintenance is very important to traffic
management. If the maintenance system is weak, road defects will appear and the defects will
be the main causes of accidents and the road will be unsafe. So, to be a successful engineer, a
person should not only able to design the road, but also skillful to maintain the road. Flexible
pavement fails due to any one of the sub-grade failure, sub-base or base course failure and
wearing course failure.

The deterioration of pavement is not only the result of poor design or construction but
also it is caused by the inevitable wear and tear that occurs over years, variation in climate,
increasing multi axle’s vehicles and heavy traffic. The maintenance of asphalt pavements
consists of routine activities and periodic activities. Routine activities include sanding, local
sealing, crack sealing, filling depressions surface patching and bass patching. Periodic
activities include surface dressing, fog spray and slurry seal, asphalt overlays and pavement
reconstruction. The structural maintenance of the highway specified in this study is
considered. So, deflection and stress subjected on the highway are calculated by using
structural characteristics of the road. Sorum,N., Guite,T.& Martina,N, (2014) Conducted a
study on "Pavement Distress".

Pavement design, the process of developing the most economical combination of

pavement layers, It mainly deals with the design of mixtures of materials and the thickness of
different paving layers. The pavement design consists mainly of two parts: (i) Design of
mixture materials, to be used in each layer composed of pavement; (ii) Design of the
pavement structure (Thickness design and type of different component layers).

The main factors that be considered during pavement design are: climate, road
geometry, traffic, and position, soil and drainage. Nega. A., Nikraz. H., Herath. S. &
Ghadimi. B, (2015) conclude that the level of tensile strain in asphalt depends on the
temperature and can be considered this effect in terms of the effect of temperature on the
hardness of the mix. Tarawneh. S. & Sarireh. M, (2013) Emphasized that deteriorate of the
flexible pavements caused by under traffic loads and climate effects. This effect depends on
the technology and materials that used for road construction, but the biggest effects depend
on traffic loads and volumes. Also the increase in moisture content decreases the strength of
the pavement and the Poor drainage causes also pavement failure.

On the same line, the pavement tends to cracks at some point in their life under the
joint action of environment, traffic and climatic conditions. The identification of vehicle uses
and applications (industrial transport) is the key to reducing road degradation. Knowledge of
traffic volume and size (In particular for overload) contributes to road safety and can
minimize the deterioration of the road. The author found that cracks, edge defects, drilling
and slowness are important road defects. At the same time he stressed that traffic, age,
engineering, road construction, climate, drainage and quality of materials used to construct
the road, must be taken into account to design a good pavement. Road maintenance policy
also plays a key role in road degradation. Zumrawi. M, (2015) suggested that in the
pavement or embankment, water plays a primary role in giving shorter service life and in
increasing the need of rehabilitation measures.
The cracks allow moisture to enter in the pavement, allowing accelerated pavement
degradation and this is the main problem. This leads to the gradual deterioration of the
pavement structure in the neighborhood of the cracks. The origin of the cracks varies in form,
composition, loading capacity, movement and deformation rate. To determine the best
maintenance option, it is necessary to include a variety of alternatives that may be possible
from an initial examination of the conditions. These possible alternatives could be subject to
a more detailed examination of economic, design and stress factors. Defame. A. & Ibrahim.
A, (2015) conclude that the possible causes of failure may be due to insufficient drainage,
bad design and construction, poor maintenance culture and others. It has been suggested that
the rehabilitation should be completely redesigned after rehabilitation and redesigned, as well
as the subsequent disbursement of the local government, which must be built with reinforced
concrete, and the thickness of the asphalt is increased later. Abubakar.S, (2016) found the
some basic requirements of a pavement; it should be structurally sound enough to withstand
the pressure on it.

The thickness of the pavement should be sufficiently to distribute the stresses and
load to a safe value on the subgrade soil. Al Harthy. S, (2017) explains that the pavement is
constructed in multiple layers of different material. Choice of material depends on the wheel
loads and design life and material availability local conditions. The road needs regular and
periodic maintenance. Life of flexible pavement depends on external loads, environmental
conditions and engineering properties of materials.
METHODOLOGY

The team has planned everything that needs to be done before doing the actual survey
in order to establish a more detailed procedure in conducting the inventory and also it
provides the group a baseline data that is needed in the assessing of the land uses of the site
or area investigated. (See figure below).

The team made use of the observation method in gathering data and information
needed to answer the objectives of the survey or investigation. Metric system is the unit for
the measurements obtained from the physical characteristics of the roads, such as the length
or distances of some existing physical infrastructures relative to the roadway. Secondary data
are also considered in order to back-up the information gathered.

The team facilitates the immediate completion of the investigation. All member of the
survey team observed and measured the profile of road segments, such as segment length,
ROW, carriageway, sidewalk width and no. of lanes. Next are structures/establishments or
the links/mid-blocks, Permanent and temporary structures of the road design which which
includes drainage canal, street lightning, electric post, trees, and cable/internet posts. Third
are traffic control devices and public transport vehicles. And lastly, type of distresses present
and estimated damage area on the carriageway.

All the members of the team helped in the completion of this endeavor. The team did the
paper and computer works, such as drawings, tables, figures, etc. and intensively evaluated
the content of this report for a better output.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
This section presents the results and discussion of data gathered to answer the objectives of
the survey or investigation.
Table 1
Profile of Road Segments
Pavement Left R. Right R.
Type Shoulder Shoulder Number
Segment ROW Carriageway
(Carriageway, and and of
Length Width Width
Sidewalk and Sidewalk Sidewalk Lane(s)
Shoulders) Width Width
Segment 0m;
92m 13.4m Concrete 10m 0m; 1m 4
A 1.2m
Segment 0.m;
55.5m 13.4m Concrete 10m 0m; 1m 4
B 1.2m
Segment 0m;
19m 13.4m Concrete 10m 0m; 1m 4
C 1.2m
Segment 0m;
66m 13.4m Concrete 10m 0m; 1m 4
D 1.2m

Table 1 shows the profile of the four (4) road segment surveyed at Santa Town Road, Santa
Ilocos Sur. The road carriageway, and sidewalks are made up of concrete. The four segments
have the same length in Right-of-Way width and carriageway width which is 13.4m and 10m
respectively. Most of the segments don’t have shoulders. The surveyed road segments were a
four-lane road.

Table 2
Structures/Establishments, Permanent and Temporary Structures of the Road Design
 Structures/Establishment Drainage Street Electric Cable/Internet
Trees
s Canal Lighting Posts Posts
Road Side
Segment A Vacant Lot; Houses 1 1 None 1
Canal
Road Side
Segment B Basketball Court: Houses 1 1 None 1
Canal
Road Side
Segment C Houses; Trees 1 None 1 None
Canal
Road Side
Segment D Houses; Trees 1 1 None 1
Canal

Table 2 shows establishments and structures of the road design on the side of the four (4)
road segment of the Santa Town Road, Santa, Ilocos Sur. The four segments have roadside
canal which is used as drainage facility. There are 3 electric posts and cable/internet posts, 1
tree and 4 lightning posts.

Table 3
Traffic Control Devices and Public Transport Vehicles
Traffic Control Devices Transport Public Vehicles
Ped. Bus/PUJ Tricycle
Traffic Signs Signalized
Crossing Stop Terminal
Intersection
Segment A None None None None
Signage
Intersection
Segment B None None None None
Signage
Intersection
Segment C None None None None
Signage
Intersection
Segment D None None None None
Signage

Table 3 presents the traffic control devices and public transport vehicles that can be seen in
the segments. There were no pedestrian markings, and traffic signals in the road segments.
Most of the traffic signs is intersection signage and speed limit signage which can be seen in
the end of each segment. In terms of public transportation, there were no BUS/PUJ stops and
tricycle terminal.
 Table 4
Type of Distresses Present and Estimated Damage Area on the Carriageway
Distresses
Total
Longitudinal
Punch-outs Traverse Pothole Damage
Cracking
Area
Segment A 0.2 sq. m. 0 sq. m. 0.58 sq. m. 0.15 sq. m. 0.93 sq. m.
Segment B 0.3 sq. m. .90 sq. m. 0 sq. m. 0 sq. m. 1.2 sq. m.
Segment C 0 sq. m. 0.48 sq. m. 1.2 sq. m. 0 sq. m. 1.68 sq. m.
Segment D 1.2 sq. m. 1.17 sq. m. 0.8 sq. m. 0 sq. m. 3.17 sq. m.
Total 1.7 sq. m. 2.55 sq. m. 2.58 sq. m. 0.15 sq. m. 6.98 sq. m.

Table 4 shows the types of distresses and the estimated area of damage present in the four (4)
road segments. Traverse had the highest damage which is 2.58 sq. m., punch-outs is the
second with an estimated area damage of 2.55 sq. m., longitudinal cracking is the third with a
total area damage of 1.7 sq. m. and pothole has the least area damage which is 0.15 sq. m.
Among the four (4) segments, segment D had the highest area damage taken due to distresses
which is 3.17 sq. m. and segment A had the least area damage taken which is only 0.93 sq.
m.

Table 5
Qualitative Descriptions on the Conditions of the Road Segment
Left Shoulder and Right Shoulder and
Carriageway
Sidewalk Sidewalk
Segment A Good Good Good
Segment B Good Good Good
Segment C Good Good Bad
Segment D Good Good Bad
 Table 5 presents the qualitative description of the conditions of the road segments. In terms
on carriageway based on its conditions, all rated as good. In terms of its shoulder and
sidewalk based on its condition, only segment A and B rated as good while segment C and D
rated as good at left and bad at right.

CONCLUSIONS
After the thorough analysis and interpretations of data, the following conclusions are
hereby presented.

1. Road shoulders are not present in all segment and there are sidewalks present in
all segments.

2. Basketball court, vacant lot and residential houses are the only structures and
establishments to be found.
3. The four segments have equipped with roadside canals and 4 functioning road
lights.
4. Intersection signage are the only traffic signs can be seen and no traffic signals
and pedestrian crossings/markings to be found.
5. Traverse has the most estimated area damage and pothole had the least area
damage.
6. Carriageway is good but there are no specific shoulders.
7. Sidewalks are combination of canals and walkway and it is called as sidewalk
canal.

APPENDICES

APPENDICES
DOCUMENTATIONS.
MEASURING THE LENGTH AND WIDTH OF THE PAVEMENTS
SREFERENCES
BOOKS:
Standard Specification for Highways Bridges and Airports- Anselmo A. Dizon III (2013)
Traffic and Highway Engineering First Edition – Nicholas J. Garber, Lester A. Hoel
LINKS:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318395098_Evaluation_of_Flexible_Pavement_Fai
lures-A_Case_Study_on_Izki_Road
http://asphaltmagazine.com/preventing-and-repairing-potholes-and-pavement-cracks/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/road
patch deterioration solution - Bing
pavement-distress-a-case-study.pdf
Polished Aggregate – Pavement Interactive
Preventing and Repairing Potholes and Pavement Cracks by John Davis
Spalling Concrete - Causes, Prevention And Repair (dailycivil.com)
Types of Asphalt Deterioration (pavementmaintenancesolutions.net)

PROFILE

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

NAME: JEWELL INGRID B. BALDEVISO

AGE: 21 YEARS OLD
GENDER: FEMALE
ADDRESS: SACUYYA NORTE, SANTA, ILOCOS SUR
LANGUAGE/ DIALECT SPOKEN: ENGLISH, FILIPINO,
ILOCANO
ORGANIZATION/S: J-PICE UNP- MEMBER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
STUDENTS’S ASSOCIATION- MEMBER
MOTTO: “PRIORITIZE DOING NECESSARY THINGS, MAKES
IMPOSSIBILITIES POSSIBLE”
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: SACUYYA COMMUNITY SCHOOL
SECONDARY: MABILBILA INTEGRATED SCHOOL
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: MABILBILA INTEGRATED SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: MABILBILA INTEGRATED SCHOOL
TERTIARY: UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 4TH YEAR STUDENT (PRESENT)

NAME: IVY JOAMA B. PRIOLO

AGE: 21 YEARS OLD
GENDER: FEMALE
ADDRESS: RIZAL, SANTA, ILOCOS SUR
LANGUAGE/ DIALECT SPOKEN: ENGLISH, FILIPINO,
ILOCANO
ORGANIZATION/S: J-PICE UNP- MEMBER ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT STUDENTS’S ASSOCIATION- MEMBER
MOTTO: “MISTAKES ARE A FACT OF LIFE. IT IS THE
RESPONSE TO THE ERRORS THAT COUNTS.”
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: BANAOANG COMMUNITY SCHOOL
SECONDARY: MABILBILA INTEGRATED SCHOOL
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: MABILBILA INTEGRATED SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: MABILBILA INTEGRATED SCHOOL
TERTIARY: UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 4TH YEAR STUDENT (PRESENT)

ABOUT THE PROFESSOR

Engineer Franklin D, NASA Amistad is

from the heritage of began teaching
mathematics and engineering subjects
associate professor IV and head of the
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Program, College of Engineering at the
University of Northern Philippines, Vigan
City Ilocos Sur. He is a civil engineer by profession. He is a member of Philippine Institute
of Civil Engineers (PICE) and was the secretary of for several years, a regular member of the
National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP), a regular member of Eastern Asia
Society for Transportation Studies (EASTS) and regular member of the Transportation
Science Society of the Philippines (TSSP).
Franklin Amistad finish Master of Science in civil engineering. MSCE major in
transportation engineering at the University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City on
November 2006. He was a guarantee of the Japanese scholarship fund. For transportation
studies by the Institute for Behavioral Science, (IBS) of Japan through the National Center
for Transportation Studies Foundation Incorporation (NCTSFI) University of the Philippines,
Diliman, Quezon City.
He is the coordinator for industry and energy researchers at the Research and Development
Office, UNP Vigan City. He has presented papers in different conferences, local and
international. The papers are the following:
1. Level of service and degree of Saturation of Unsignalized intersection along arterial
roads in Vigan City presented in the 15th annual Conference of the Transportation
Science Society of the Philippines at the Amorsolo, Balisong. Holiday Inn Galleria,
Mandaluyong City, Philippines on December 7 2007.
2. The Need for traffic signalization from the perspective local government units outside
Metro Manila. An assessment presented in the International Conference of the 7th
Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, (EASTS 2007). At Dalian Maritime
University, Dalian, China on September 24-27 2007. affic study in Urban areas: The
case of Unsignalized intersection along National Highway. In Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan, Philipines presented in 7th Eastern Asia Society for Transportation
Studies, (EASTS 2007). At the Dalian Maritime University, Dalian China on
September 24-27, 2007.
3. Assessing the need for traffic signalization from the perspective of local government
units presented in the International Symposium of Infrastructure Development and the
Environment 2006 at the SEAMO INNOTEC, University of the Philippines on
December 7-8, 2006.
4. Topo graphic survey. Comparison of strategy Query sites in Ilocos Sur presented
during the PHILAAS National Convention on September 2006.
5. A characterization of the traffic management properties in the historic city vegan
presented during the regional seminar of Traffic administration. And Filipino values
held in UNP Vigan City on May 16 to 17, 2006.
6. Traffic management in a city with UN World Heritage Site presented during the 6th
EASTS conference at Bangkok, Thailand on September 21-24 2006.