Chapter 5:- Special Transformer

Compare two winding transformer with auto transformer on the basis of

Q1
construction, copper loss, output variation and cost.
Comparison between two winding transformer with auto transformer:

Sr.
Parameter Two-winding transformer Auto-transformer
No.

A part of winding is common

Primary & secondary
between primary &
1 Construction windings are separate, heavy
secondary, lighter core for
Ans:- core for identical rating.
identical rating.

2 Copper loss More Less

Output voltage
3 Good Better
variation
More costly for same
4 Cost Less cost
capacity

Q2 List any four advantages of 1Ø autotransformer

Advantages of 1 ph autotransformer :
i) Reduction in copper required
ii) Cost is Low.
iii) The Size is reduced
Ans:-
iv) Losses are reduced
v) high efficiency.
vi) Better Voltage regulation
vii) Variable output voltage.
Q3. With the help of neat diagram, explain the construction of current transformer.
Construction of current transformer:

Ans:-

i) C.T. has bar type conductor, which behaves as primary winding.

ii) The primary of C.T. carries large current Ip which is to be measured, so the bar is of large
cross sectional area.
iii)The secondary of C.T.is made up of large number of turns. It is wound on core. The
secondary winding is a low current winding. Hence its cross sectional area is small. An
ammeter of small range is connected across the secondary as shown in figure.
 Explain with circuit diagram the use of CT and PT for measurement of high
Q4
current and high voltage.
Use of CT:

i) The high current to be measured is passed through the primary of transformer. The low
range ammeter secondary winding.
ii) C.T. is step up voltage transformer. Hence step down current transformer.
iii) Hence the number of turns of secondary winding is than number of turns of primary
indings.
iv) The actual value of high current under measurement = Reading of low range meter X
Ans:- nominal ratio of C.T.
Use of PT:

i) “V” is the voltage to be measured which very high.

ii) Use to read high voltages on low range voltmeters.
iii) PT is step down transformer.
iv) The actual value of high range meter X nominal ratio of P.T.
Q5 Draw circuit diagram of connected CT and PT in the power circuit.
Circuit diagram for P.T and C.T.:

Ans:-
Q6 Describe working of isolation transformer

Working of isolation transformer:

Ans:-
i) Isolation transformers are specially designed transformers for providing electrical
isolation between the power source and the powered devices having same number of
primary as well as secondary turns. Hence same voltage is transferred from primary to
secondary.
ii) When supply is given to primary it causes primary current to flow in primary winding
and inducing ac fluxes in core. The secondary winding is wound on common magnetic
core, hence these ac fluxes are linked with it. Now secondary emf is induced according
mutual induction action and secondary current flows through load if connected.
iii) Unwanted voltage spikes, transients are prevented by isolations transformer from
reaching to delicate and costly sensitive load/equipment.
Q7 Describe the features or applications of isolation transformer.
1) This Transformer has a ratio of 1:1 isolate & protect secondary circuits.
2) Special insulation is provided between primary & secondary windings.
3) It blocks transmission of the DC component in signals from one circuit to the other,
but allow AC components in signals to pass.
4) It reduces the voltage spike greatly that gets applied on the getting transformed to the
Ans:- secondary
5) As neutral on primary side is grounded sometimes with ungrounded secondary side the
load is removed from ground to avoid accidents.
6) Grounding of equipment can cause ground loop interference & noise in connected
systems, hence ungrounded secondary avoids such interferences.
7) Most suited for power supplies medical devices, or laboratory instruments
Q8 Describe working of welding transformer.

Ans:-
 Working of welding transformer:
i) It is a step down transformer that reduces the voltage from the source voltage to a
voltage desired according to the demands of the welding process.
ii) Winding used is highly reactive or a separate reactor winding is added in with the
secondary winding.
iii) Having large & thin primary turns and low number but thick secondary turns.
iv) The secondary current is quite high. One end of secondary is connected to welding
electrode while other end to the pieces to be welded.
v) Due to the contact resistance ‘R’ between the electrode and pieces to be welded a very
high current flows creating high heat by I2R that melts the tip of the electrode.The melted
tip flows/fills the gap between the pieces to be welded creating a solid weld on cooling.
vi) The secondary has several taps for adjusting the secondary voltage to control the
welding current.
Q9 List special features of welding transformer.
Special features of welding transformer:
i) It is a step down transformer that reduces the voltage from the source voltage to a
voltage desired according to the demands of the welding process.
ii) Have large number of primary turns and low secondary turns.
iii) The secondary currents are quite high.
iv) The secondary has several taps for adjusting the secondary voltage to control the
Ans:- welding current.
v) The transformer is normally large in size compared to other step down transformers as
the windings are of a much larger gauge.
vi) Common ratings:
Primary voltage – 230 V, 415 V
Secondary voltage – 40 to 60 V
Secondary current – 200 to 600 A
Mr.A.V.Kulkarni(7507892222/7767992299)