kNdhuQ;rpjk;

rl;lf; fy;tp ,af;fk;> nrd;id kw;Wk; nrd;id lhf;lu;

mk;Ngj;fu; muR rl;lf; fy;Y}up> GJg;ghf;fk;
khepy mstpyhd jkpo; khjpup ePjpkd;w tof;Fthj Nghl;b> 2023

khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf>

( Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950 -d; cWg;G 32 I c/g cr;rePjpkd;w

tpjpfs;> 2013 - d; Miz 38 (7) d; fPo; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;l cupikapay;

nraYWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz tof;F)

ePjpg;Nguhiz tof;F (cupikapay;) vz;:……………/2023

capy; vOjhj epiyapy; ,wg;Gf;Fshd ,e;J ngz;zpd; Ra-rk;ghj;jpa

nrhj;Jf;fhd> thupRupik tpjpfs; kw;Wk; gpupTfspd; murpayikg;G jd;ik

Fwpj;j tof;F

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vjpu;

Mu;atu;jh xd;wpa muR.................................................................................................vjph;kDjhuu;

khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyik ePjpgjp kw;Wk; kw;w

ePjpgjpfspd; ftdj;jpw;F rku;g;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ

khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; gjpthsupd; ftdj;jpw;F rku;g;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ

vjph;kDjhuu; rhu;ghd vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu

ehs;: 11 : 02 : 2023 ,lk;: Mu;atu;jh

nghUslf;fk;;

nghUslf;fk;
jiyg;G gf;f. vz;

nrhw;nwhlhpd; RUf;fg;gl;bay; iii

jPu;g;Giu gl;bay; iii

ePjpkd;w Ms;tiu vii

FWfsT epfo;ikfs; viii

tof;nfO tpdhf;fs; ix

RUf;f thJiu x

tphpthd thJiu 1

1. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh

murpayikg;gpy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s kuGupikapid gpd;gw;Wfpwjh?
1.1. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s
kuGupik kw;Wk; tho;Tupikia ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;>
1956 - gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ. 1
1.2. gpupT 15 (1) MdJ rl;lj;jpdhy; epiyehl;lg;gl
eilKiwapdhy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ. 4
2. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh
murpayikg;gpy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt cupikfis
gpd;gw;Wfpwjh? 7
2.1 murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 - cWG 14y;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt cupikfis ,e;J thupRupik
rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ 7
2.2. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 - cWG 14y;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkg;ghJfhg;G cupikfis ,e;J
thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ 12

,iwQ;Rjy; 16

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu ii | gf;f vz;

 nrhw;nwhlu;fspd; RUf;fg;gl;bay; kw;Wk; jPu;g;Giug;gl;bay;

nrhw;nwhlhpd; RUf;fg;gl;bay;

¶ - gj;jp

c. - cWg;G

gp. - gpupT

m.,.m - mfpy Mu;atu;jh mwpf;if

c.eP.t. - cr;r ePjpkd;w tof;Ffs;

kp.c.eP.t. - kpd;dZ cr;r ePjpkd;w tof;Ffs;

c.eP. - cr;rePjpkd;wk;

murpayikg;G - Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;>

1950.

jPu;g;Giufs; gl;bay;

gf;f
t.vz; jPu;g;Giu vz;
cr;rePjpkd;w tof;Ffs; - tof;nfO tpdh -1
tof;nfO tpdh 1.1
1 ft];[P $g;gu; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (1970)1 c. eP. t 248 1
1&
[fe;ehj; gpurhj; vjpu; cj;jpug; gpuNjr khepyk;> m.,.m 1961 c.eP. 1245.
2 13
3 gp.A.rp.vy;.vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m. 1982 c.eP. 1473. 2
4 kNdh[; eUyh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2014) 9 c.eP.t 1. 2
tof;nfO tpdh 1.2
Njrpa kdpj cupikfs; Mizak; vjpu; mUzhr;ry gpuNjr muR> m. ,. m 1996 c. eP.
5 1234. 4
6 Y}ap]; b nul; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;>(1991) 3 c. eP. t. 554: 4
7 [hyp [hu;[; tu;fp]; vjpu; nfhr;rpd; tq;fp> m.,.m 1980 c.eP. 470. 5
[k;K fh\;kPu; khepyk; /ghu];l; fhu;gNu\d; vjpu; uNgy; rpq;> (1993) 2 LLJ 502:
8 5
9 ee;j; yhy; g[h[; vjpu; gQ;rhg; khepyk;(AIR 1981 SC 939) 5
Fjpuk; jh]; vjpu; Nkw;F tq;f muR> m. ,. m. 1975 c. eP. 550: m. ,. m. 1975 c. eP
10 775. 5
gpuhd;rp]; Nfhuyp vjpu; nly;yp A+dpad; gpuNjrk;> m. ,. m. 1981 c. eP.746>752
11 5

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu iii | gf;f vz;

nrhw;nwhlu;fspd; RUf;fg;gl;bay; kw;Wk; jPu;g;Giug;gl;bay;

12 jhJ vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk; (2000) 8 SCC 437 ) 5

13 kf;fhd; rpq; ju;\pfh vjpu; gQ;rhg; khepyk; (AIR 1964 SC 381) 5
14 kNdfh fhe;jp vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> 1978 m.,.m. 597. 5
15 kpdu;th kpy;]; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (AIR 1980 SC 1789) 5
16 ky;fhdp Mu;. vk; vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk; (AIR 1973 SC 157) 5
17 me;JNy V. Mu; vjpu; kfhuh\;buk; khepyk; (1988 SC 1531) 5
18 mg;gh]; Nf. V vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;(AIR 1971 SC 481) 5
Nf.v];. Gl;Lrhkp vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> ePjpg; Nguhiz vz; (Fw;wtpay;) : 494:2012.
19 5
20 rpt;gJ}u; rpq; uht; vjpu; cj;jpu gpuNjr khepyk; (AIR 1953 SC 394) 5
21 uhk; fpU\;zh guj;th[; vjpu; by;yp muR (AIR 1953 SC 318) 5
22 uhkh rpe;Nj Nfhir vjpu; F[uhj; khepyk;(AIR 1999 SC 1859) 5
5&
khtl;l gjpthsu; vjpu; fduh tq;fp> (2005) 1 c.eP.t. 496.
23 13
6&
Nfhtpe;j; vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk;( AIR 1975 SC 1378)
24 13
6&
vk;.rP. Nkj;jh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m 1987 c.eP. 1086:
25 8
26 juk; jj; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2004)1 c. eP. t. 712: 6
27 `pd;r; yhy; jpthup vjpu; fkyhNjtp(AIR 2001 SC 3215); 6
fd];khu; vFNf\d; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp ikak; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> (1995) 3 c.eP.t. 42.
28 6
29 fuhf; rpq; vjpu; cj;ju gpuNjr khepyk;(AIR 1963 SC 1295 6
ge;Jth Kf;jp Nkhu;r;rh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m 1984 c.eP. 802:
30 6
31 Kd;\p rpq; nfsjk; vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk;(AIR 2005 SC 402) 6
32 kfhuh\;buh khepyk; vjpu; gpughfu; gd;Juhq; rd;];fpuP(AIR 1966 SC 424); 6
33 md;tu; vjpu; n[a;g;G+u; muR (AIR 1971 SC 337); 6
34 mD[; fhu;f; vjpu; N`hl;ly; mNrhrpNa\d; M/g; ,e;jpah(2008) 3 SCC 1 6
35 vk;.gp. ru;kh vjpu; ghuj; vyf;l;upf;fy; epWkk;> m.,.m 1987 c.eP. 1762: 6
cr;rePjpkd;w tof;Ffs; - tof;nfO tpdh -2
tof;nfO tpdh 2.1
36 j]ujh uhkhuht; vjpu; Me;jpu gpuNjr khepyk; (AIR 1961 SC 564) 7
37 mkpjh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2005)13 SCC 721 7
38 Ml;rpahsu; Nyz;l; mf;A+Nrrd; vjpu; fjp[p(1987 SC 1353 ) 7
39 ud;gPu; rpq; Nrfy; vjpu; gQ;rhg; khepyk;(AIR 1962 SC 510) 7
40 ehfyhe;J muR vjpu; uj;jd; rpq;> m.,.m 1967 c.eP 212>224 8
41 fp\hd; rpq; vjpu; uh[];jhd; muR> m.,.m 1955 c.eP 795 8
42 gd;yhy; gpd;wh[; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; m.,.m (1957) c.eP 397: 8
43 gpNdhj; gpfhup vjpu; gP`hu; muR> m.,.m. 1974 c.eP. 2125: 8
44 ied; Rf;jh]; vjpu; cj;jpu gpuNjr khepyk; (1953 SC 1184) 8
45 n[fehj; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m. 1960 c.eP. 625. 8
46 Njtju;\d; b. vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;(AIR 1964 SC 179) 8
Pirduh fhu;l;^d; vjpu; cs;Jiw nrayhsu;> gPfhu;> (1980) 1 c.eP.t. 91
47 8
vd; .b. Mu;. Adptu;rpl;b M/g; n`y;j; rapd;]; tp[athlh vjpu; [p. ghG uhN[e;jpu
48 gpurhj;(AIR 2002 SC 1947) 8

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu iv | gf;f vz;

nrhw;nwhlu;fspd; RUf;fg;gl;bay; kw;Wk; jPu;g;Giug;gl;bay;

49 `hgPl; fu; vjpu; kfhuh\;buh muR> (1992) 2 c.eP.t. 177. 9

50 b.b.rp vjpu; k];^u; fhq;fpu];> (1991) rg; (1) c.eP.t 600 9
gpNuf; I]; & Mapy; kpy;]; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (1978) 3 c.eP.t 459:
51 9
52 Kk;ig muR vjpu; ghk;Ng v[{Nf\d; nrhirl;b(AIR 1954 SC 561) 9
53 lhdpay; nyl;b/ig vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;( AIR 2001 SC 3958) 9
54 lhy;kpah rpnkz;l;( ghuj;) ypkpnll; vjpu; ,e;jpah xd;wpak;(1996)10 SCC 104 9
55 rpj;jpuNyfh Mu;. vjpu; ikR+u; khepyk;( AIR 1964 SC 1823) 9
56 rpj;uh Nfh]; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;( AIR 1970 SC 35 ) 9
57 tRe;juh vd;. vjpu; ikR+u; muR (AIR 1971 SC 1439) 9
58 uh[];jhd; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;( AIR 1993 SC 1769) 9
59 `pkhr;ry gpuNjr khepyk; vjpu; uh[h kNfe;jpu ghy;(1999) 4 SCC 43 10
60 nrd;lu; /ghu; vd;tpuhd;nkd;l; mz;l; Gl; nrf;A+upl;b vjpu; ,e;jpah xd;wpak;(2011) 5 SCC 676 10
61 nrf;nul;lup fu;ehlfh khepyk; vjpu; ckhNjtp (2006) 4 SCC 1 10
62 vk; .[p .rpthdp vjpu; fu;ehlfh muR(1995) 6 SCC 289 10
63 X.Nfhdhthy; vjpu; fkhz;lu; Nfh];l; fhl; uP[pad;(2006) 4 SCC 620 10
64 fPjh `up`ud; vjpu; upru;t; Ngq;f; Mg; ,e;jpah( AIR 1999 SC 1149); 11
65 g;uhg;yh Fkhu; jh]; vjpu; xuprh khepyk;(AIR 2003 SC 4506) 11
tof;nfO tpdh 2.2
66 eNue;jpu Fkhu; re;jpuh vjpu; `upahdh khepyk;(AIR 1995 SC 519) 12
67 rhU Fuhdh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2015) 1 SCC 192 12
68 ,e;jpuh rhdp vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m 2000 c.eP. 468002E 13
69 gp`hu; khepyk; vjpu; uha; gfJ}u; {`u;jj; uha; Nkhl;b yhy; [_l; kpy;]; (AIR 1960 SC 378); 13
70 eNu\; ];uPju; kpuh[;fu; vjpu; kfhuh\;buh khepyk;(AIR 1967 SC 1); 14
71 Nkhyhu; khy; vjpu; Nf mad; xu;f;]; ypkpnll; (2000)4 SCC 285; 14
72 rhuhj vjpu; juk;ghy;> m.,.m 2003 c.eP. 3450 14
73 yf;\;kd; jh]; vjpu; gQ;rhg; muR m. ,. m. 1963 c. eP 222;: 14
cau;ePjpkd;w tof;Ffs;
Nfhff; kpy;]; vjpu; gzpahsu; ,og;gPL Mizau;> (1994)2 ACJ 1099 (Karn) (DB):
74 1
Xupaz;ly; ,d;R+ud;]; fk;ngdp ypkpnll; vjpu; ju;kh fTlh> (1994)2 ACJ 1007(Karn)
75 1
76 ,e;jpa rl;l mwpf;if> 1996 nly;yp 790 4
77 mfkJ nkha;jPd; vjpu; Ma;thsu;> m.,.m. 1959 nkl;uh]; 261. 8
78 Jy; re;jpuh vjpu; mrhk; tUkhd gpupT> m.,.m. 1971 mrhk; 123. 8
79 Nghghy; rpq; vjpu; uh[];jhd; khepyk;(AIR 1958 RAJ. 41) 9
80 Fykh`kJ jurn`l; vjpu; gk;gha; muR> m. ,. m.1962 gk;gha; 96 11
81 ahjt; b .Nf vjpu; N[. vk; .V. ,z;l];l;uP]; ypkpnll;( 1993) 2 UJSC 348 12

rl;lq;fs;

 Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950

 ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu v | gf;f vz;

nrhw;nwhlu;fspd; RUf;fg;gl;bay; kw;Wk; jPu;g;Giug;gl;bay;

rl;l Nfhl;ghLfs;

 Fbkfdhy; mtUf;F mspf;fg;gl cupikfisj; Jwf;f ,ayhJ

 gpupf;fg;gLk; jd;ikf; Nfhl;ghL
 tifg;gLj;jy; Nfhl;ghL
 ,ilkiwg;G Nfhl;ghL
 mbg;gil cupik kPwy; Nfhl;ghL
 ghJfhtyu; muR Nfhl;ghL
mwpf;iffs;

 jpUkzkhd ngz;fspd; nrhj;Jr; rl;lk;> 1874 Fwpj;j 66tJ ,e;jpa rl;l

Mizaj;jpd; rl;l mwpf;if. (1976)
 ,e;jpa thupR rl;lk;> 1925 Fwpj;j 110tJ ,e;jpa rl;l Mizaj;jpd; rl;l
mwpf;if. (1985)
 ngz;fspd; nrhj;J cupikfs;: ,e;J rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Kd;nkhopag;gl;l
rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; Fwpj;j 174tJ ,e;jpa rl;l Mizaj;jpd; rl;l mwpf;if. (2000)
 ,e;J thupRupikr; rl;lk;> 1956I jpUj;Jtjw;fhd Kd;nkhopT> 2005 Mk;
Mz;bd; 39tJ rl;lj;jpd; %yk; jpUj;jg;gl;lJ Fwpj;j 204tJ ,e;jpa rl;l
Mizaj;jpd; rl;l mwpf;if.(2008)
 ,e;J thupRupikr; rl;lk; 1956 ,d; gpupT 15 Ij; jpUj;Jtjw;fhd Kd;nkhopT>
xU ngz; ,we;jhy; thupRfs; ,y;yhky; jdf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd nrhj;Jf;fis
tpl;Ltpl;L ,wf;Fk; epiy Fwpj;j 207tJ ,e;jpa rl;l Mizaj;jpd; rl;l
mwpf;if (2008)
 ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk; Fwpj;j ghuhSkd;w tpthjq;fs;> 1954.
 murpayikg;G epu;za rig tpthjq;fs;.

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu vi | gf;f vz;

ePjpkd;w Ms;tiu

ePjpkd;w Ms;tiu

Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950 - gFjp %d;wpy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l cupikfs;

kPwg;gl;lhNyh> gwpf;fg;gl;lhNyh my;yJ gwpf;fg;glf;$ba Mgj;J Vw;gbDk;
Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950 - cWg;G 32 I c/g cr;rePjpkd;w tpjpfs;>
2013 - d; Miz 38 (7) d; fPo; cr;rePjpkd;wkhdJ murpayikg;G jd;ikia
epiyg;gLj;j nraYWj;Jk; ePjpg;Nguhiz cs;spl;l ePjpg;NguhizfisAk;>
MizfisAk; fl;lisfisAk; gpwg;gpj;jpLtjw;F cr;rePjpkd;wk; mjpfhuk;
ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. jpUkjp. fdfty;yp> khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy;
ePjpg;Nguhiz jhf;fy; nra;Js;shu;.

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu vii | gf;f vz;

FWfsT epfo;ikfs;

FWfsT epfo;ikfs;

rq;fu; kw;Wk; mKjh

Mu;atu;jh vd;gJ Mrpa fz;lj;jpy; cs;s xU [dehaf FbaurhFk;.Mupatu;jh

ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j mKjhtpw;Fk; rq;fu; vd;gtUf;Fk; 1987- ,y; ,e;J jpUkz rl;lk;
1955 ,d; gb jpUkzk; ele;jJ. jk;gjpapdu; rq;fupd; ngw;NwhUld; trpj;J te;jdu;.
mKjh jpUkzj;jpw;F gpwFk; jdJ fy;tpia njhlu rq;fu; tPl;bdu; tpUg;gk;
njuptpj;jdu;

mKjhtpd; ,wg;G

rq;fu;> mKjh jk;gjpfSf;F Foe;ij ,y;yhjepiyapy;> jpUkzk; Mfpa xNu

tUlj;jpy; rq;fu; khuilg;ghy; ,we;jhu;. gpd;du; mKjh jdJ ngw;NwhUld; trpj;J
te;jhu;. gy;NtW fhyq;fSf;F gpd; vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf mKjh 22 khu;r;> 2021 ,y;
fhu; tpgj;jpy; fhykhdhu; .mKjhtpd; ,wg;Gr; nra;jpapid mwpe;j rq;fupd;
FLk;gj;jpdu; rl;luPjpahf thupR rhd;wpjo; tpz;zg;gpj;jhu;fs;.

cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F tprhuiz

mKjhtpd; nrhj;JfSf;F rq;fupd; cwtpdu;fs; jhd; thupR vd;W njupe;jJk; ,e;J

thupRupik rl;lj;jpd; gpupT 15 murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghf cs;sJ vd;W
Nfhup Mupatu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpd; ruj;J 32 ,d; fPo; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy;
mKjhtpd; ngw;Nwhu; ePjpg;Nguhiz kD jhf;fy; nra;jdu;

tof;F tprhuizf;fhf khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;

gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu viii | gf;f vz;

tof;nfO tpdhf;fs;;

tof;nfO tpdhf;fs;

tof;nfO tpdh - 1

1. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpy;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s kuGupikapid gpd;gw;Wfpwjh?

tof;nfO tpdh - 2

,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpy;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt cupikfis gpd;gw;Wfpwjh?

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu ix | gf;f vz;

RUf;f thJiu

RUf;f thJiu

tof;nfO tpdh - 1

,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpy;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s kuGupikapid gpd;gw;Wfpwjh?

cWG 21 MdJ Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpd; Nehf;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. cWG 21

MdJ rl;lj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l eilKiwfspdhy; md;wp kw;iwa tifapy; xU
egupd; capiuNah my;yJ jdp kdpj Rje;jpuj;ijNah gwpj;jy; $lhJ vd
cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf vjph;kDjhuupd;
rhu;ghf gzpTld; rku;g;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;> Kjyhtjhf> gpupT 15 (1) MdJ
,e;Jkjj;jpd; mbg;gil Nfhl;ghl;bypUe;J Njhd;wpa kuG gof;f tof;fkhFk;. [1.1].
NkYk;> ,uz;lhtjhf> gpupT 15 (1) MdJ rl;lj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l eilKiwapd;
mbg;gilapy; mike;j xd;whFk;. [1.2].

tof;nfO tpdh - 2

,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpy;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt cupikfis gpd;gw;Wfpwjh?

khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd;; rhu;ghf gzpTld;

rku;g;gpg;gJ vd;dntd;why;> Kjyhtjhf> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 y;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt cupikia ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15
(1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ [2.1]; ,uz;lhtjhf> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 y;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkg;ghJfhg;G cupikapid ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 -
gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ. [2.2].

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu x | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

tpupthd thJiu

1. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpy;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s kuGupikapid gpd;gw;Wfpwjh?

(¶1) cWG 21 MdJ Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpd; Nehf;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ1.

cWG 21 MdJ rl;lj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l eilKiwfspdhy; md;wp kw;iwa
tifapy; xU egupd; capiuNah my;yJ jdp kdpj Rje;jpuj;ijNah gwpj;jy; $lhJ
vd cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ2. khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf
vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;ghf gzpTld; rku;g;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;> Kjyhtjhf> gpupT 15 (1)
MdJ ,e;Jkjj;jpd; mbg;gil Nfhl;ghl;bypUe;J Njhd;wpa kuG gof;f tof;fkhFk;.
[1.1]. NkYk;> ,uz;lhtjhf> gpupT 15 (1) MdJ rl;lj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
eilKiwapd; mbg;gilapy; mike;j xd;whFk;. [1.2].

1.1. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s kuGupik kw;Wk;

tho;Tupikia ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ.

(¶2) yhf; vd;w tuyhw;W mwpQupd; $w;Wg;gb> “xU kdpjd; gpwf;Fk; NghNj
KOikahd Rje;jpuj;JlDk; mtu;fSf;fhd cilikiag; ghJfhf;Fk;
cupikAlDk; gpwf;fpwhd;. ,q;F cilik vd;gJ capu;> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk;
kw;wtu;fsplk; ,Ue;J jd;id ghJfhf;Fk; cupikiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;. khz;gik
Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;gpy; gzpTld; rku;g;gpg;gJ
ahnjdpy;> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 d; gpupT 15 (1) MdJ ,e;J kjj;jpd;
mbg;gil Nfhl;ghlhd kpjhf;\uh kw;Wk; jahgfh gpupTfspd; gof;ftof;fj;jpypUe;J
rl;lg;gb gpd;gw;wf;$ba xd;whFk;.

1
[fe;ehj; gpurhj; vjpu; cj;jpug; gpuNjr khepyk;> m.,.m 1961 c.eP. 1245: Nfhff; kpy;]; vjpu;
gzpahsu; ,og;gPL Mizau;> (1994)2 ACJ 1099 (Karn) (DB): [k;K fh\;kPu; khepyk; /ghu];l;
fhu;gNu\d; vjpu; uNgy; rpq;> (1993) 2 LLJ 502: Xupaz;ly; ,d;R+ud;]; fk;ngdp ypkpnll; vjpu; ju;kh
fTlh> (1994)2 ACJ 1007(Karn)
2
yf;\;kd; jh]; vjpu; gQ;rhg; muR m. ,. m. 1963 c. eP 222;: juk; jj; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2004)1
c. eP. t. 712: ft];[P $g;gu; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (1970)1 c. eP. t 248

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 1 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950

 cWg;G 25. Fwpj;j fl;Lg;ghLld; midj;J egu;fSf;Fk; csr;rhd;Wld;

kjj;jpid gpd;gw;w> epu;tfpf;f kw;Wk; gug;g Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

(¶3) mbg;gil cupik vd;gJ ntWk; fhfpjk; md;W. mjpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;s

vOj;Jf;fs; Ngdh ikapdhy; kl;Lk; vOjg;gltpy;iy> gyUila ,uj;jj;jpdhy;
vOjg;gl;l xd;W3. mJ Mu;atu;jh kf;fSf;fhf Nghuhb ngw;Wj; jug;gl;l xd;whFk;.
mjid kf;fSf;F toq;fhky; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. mjid ePjpkd;wk; cWjp nra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;4. Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpd; Kfg;GiuahdJ> Mu;atu;jh Xu; ,iwahz;ik
nfhz;l rkj;Jt kjr;rhu;gw;w [dehaf Fbaurhf tpsk;GfpwJ. Mu;atu;jh FbauR
xt;nthU Fbkf;fSk; mtu;fsJ rkaj;jpid gpd;gw;w Rje;jpuj;jpidAk; mjw;fhd
cupikiaAk; toq;fpAs;sJ.

Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950

 cWg;G 26 (M). Fwpj;j fl;Lg;ghLld; kjq;fs; jq;fSila Ra epu;thfq;fis

epu;tfpf;f Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956

 gpupT 15 (1) - ,e;J ngz;zpd; thupRupik Fwpj;j nghJthd tpjp - 16-tJ

gpuptpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tpjpfspd;gb capy; vOjh epiyapy; ,wf;Fk; ,e;J
ngz;zpd; nrhj;J gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk; KiwahdJ

(m) Kjyhtjhf> kfd;fs; kw;Wk; kfs;fs; (,we;j kfd; my;yJ kfspd;

Foe;ijfs; cl;gl) kw;Wk; fztf;F nrd;wilAk;;

(M) ,uz;lhtjhf> fztupd; thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;;

(,) %d;whtjhf> jha; kw;Wk; je;ijf;F nrd;wilAk;;

(<) ehd;fhtjhf> je;ijapd; thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;; kw;Wk;

(c) filrpahf> jhapd; thupRffSf;F nrd;wilAk;

(¶4) ekJ tof;fpy;> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 gpupT 15 MdJ ,e;J kjj;jpd;
Kf;fpa gpupthd kpjhf;\uhtpd; Nfhl;ghLfis mbg;gilahf nfhz;L mike;j
xd;whFk;. kpjhf;\uh Nfhl;ghl;bd; gb xU ngz; gpwf;Fk; nghOJ mf;FLk;gj;jpd;
mq;fj;jpy; xUtuhf fUjg;gLfpwhu;. mtu; jpUkzj;jpw;F gpd; jpUkzk; nra;j $l;L

3
kNdh[; eUyh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2014) 9 c.eP.t 1.
4
gp.A.rp.vy;.vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m. 1982 c.eP. 1473.

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 2 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

FLk;g tPl;bd; mq;fj;jpy; xUtuhf fUjg;gLfpwhu;. jpUkzkhd xU ngz; mtUf;F

tUk; midj;J nrhj;Jf;fSNk mtUila fztu; tPl;bypUe;Nj te;jjhf
fUjg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW ,Uf;ifapy; mg;ngz; ,we;jgpd; mg;ngz;zpd;
nrhj;Jf;fshdJ kfd;> kfs; kw;Wk; fztu; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; fztupd; thupRfSf;F
nrd;wila Ntz;Lk; vd rl;lkhdJ tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J ,e;J kjj;jpd;
mbg;gil mikg;ghd FLk;g mikg;gpid typikg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l
xd;whFk;. 1954 Mk; Mz;L ,e;J thupRupik rl;lj;jpid Fwpj;J ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;
tpthjpj;j Fbkf;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; Mu;atu;jhtpy; mjpfkhf gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUk;
kpjhf;\uh gpuptpd; mbg;gil Nfhl;ghl;il gpd;gw;wp gpupT 15 (1) I tiuaWj;Js;sdu;.
FLk;g mikg;gpy; cs;s nrhj;Jf;fshdJ gpsTg;gbd; FLk;g mikg;Ng gpsTgLk;.
mjd; fhuzj;jpdhYk; kw;Wk; mjd; mbg;gilapYk; Xu; ,e;J ngz; capy; vOjh
epiyapy; ,wg;Gf;Fshtuhapd; mtuJ nrhj;Jf;fs;> Kjd;ik nrhe;jq;fshd kfd;>
kfs; kw;Wk; fztUf;F mr;nrhj;jhdJ nrd;wilfpd;wJ. Kjd;ik nrhe;jq;fs;
mjd; gpd; mtu; rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; fztupd; thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;. fztupd;
thupRfs; ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; mg;ngz;zpd; ngw;NwhUf;F mtupd; nrhj;Jf;fshdJ
nrd;wilfpd;wJ.

,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956

 gpupT 15 (2) (m) - xU ,e;J ngz; jd; je;ij my;yJ jhaplkpUe;J ngw;w
ve;jr; nrhj;Jk;> mg;ngz;zpd; kfd; my;yJ kfs; ,y;yhj epiyapy; (Kd;
,we;j kfd; my;yJ kfspd; Foe;ijfs; cl;gl) mg;ngz;zpd; je;ijapd;
thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;.
 gpupT 15 (2) (M) - xU ,e;J ngz; jd; fztu; my;yJ fztupd;
je;ijaplk; ngw;w ve;jr; nrhj;Jk;> mg;ngz;zpd; kfd; my;yJ kfs; ,y;yhj
epiyapy; (Kd; ,we;j kfd; my;yJ kfspd; Foe;ijfs; cl;gl)
mg;ngz;zpd; fztupd; thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;.

(¶5) Nky;Fwpg;gpl;l gpupTfshdJ xU ,e;J ngz;Zf;F te;jilAk; nrhj;Jf;fspid

mbg;gilahf nfhz;L me;j nrhj;Jf;fspid gpupg;gjw;fhd topKiwfspid
vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. NkYk;> kpjhf;\uh gpuptpd; mbg;gilapy; xU ngz; Rakhf
rk;ghjpf;Fk; nrhj;J> mg;ngz; capy; vOjhj epiyapy; ,wg;ghuhapd; Kjd;ik
nrhe;jq;fs; ,y;yhj Ntisapy; fztupd; thupRfSf;Nf nrd;wilAk;. Xk;gpufh\; v.
uhjhruz;5. vd;w tof;fpy; cr;rePjpkd;wkhdJ Rark;ghj;jpa nrhj;Jf;fis Nru;j;j
ngz; xUtu; capy; vOjhj epiyapy; ,we;j nghOJ> ght fhUz;ak; nfhz;L
nrhj;Jf;fis gpupf;f ,ayhJ vd;Wk;> murpayikg;gpw;F cl;gl;l ,e;J thupRupik

5
(2009) 15 SCC 66

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 3 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

rl;lj;jpd; gpupT 15 (1) d; mbg;gilapy; mr;nrhj;jhdJ fztupd; thupRfSf;Nf

nrd;wilAk; vd jPu;g;G toq;fg;gl;lJ. vdNt> gpupT 15 (1) MdJ ,e;J kjj;jpd;
mbg;gil Nfhl;ghl;bid nfhz;L tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUg;gjdhy;> ,g;gpuptpid
murpaiyg;G rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;lJ vd;W tpsk;g Ntz;Lk; vd;W khz;gik Mu;atu;jh
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;ghf jho;ikAld; rku;g;gpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

rl;l Nfhl;ghL - Fbkfdhy; mtUf;F mspf;fg;gl;l

cupikfisj; Jwf;f ,ayhJ

(¶6) mbg;gil cupikfs; Jwg;Gf; Nfhl;ghlhdJ> gP\k;gu; ehj; tof;fpy;6 ,Ue;J

Mu;atu;jh ePjpj;Jiwapy; tsu;r;rp ngw;wjhFk;. v];.Mu;. jh]; (c.j.eP.) kw;Wk;
ePjpauru; fG+u; MfpNahu; ,t;tof;fpy; xU Fbkfdhdtu; jdJ mbg;gil
cupikfisj; Jwf;f KbahJ vd;Wk;> mtdJ midj;J mbg;gil cupikfSk;
jdpg;gl;l eyd;fSf;fhf jug;gltpy;iy vdTk; mit r%fj;jpd; nghJthd
tsu;r;rpf;Fk; nghJthd Fwpf;Nfhs;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfTk; murpayikg;G
tbtikg;ghsu;fshy; toq;fg;gl;lJ vdf; $wpAs;shu;fs;. NkYk; ePjpauru;fs; gftjp
kw;Wk; Rg;gh uht; MfpNahu; gFjp %d;wpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ve;j mbg;gil
cupikfisAk; xU Fbkfdhy; Jwf;f KbahJ vd;Wk; mjid murhdJ
mtu;fSf;F cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $wpAs;shu;fs;. vdNt> khz;gik
Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;ghf gzpTld; rku;g;gpg;gJ
ahnjdpy;> rka cupikiaAk; rka gof;ftof;fq;fis gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhd cupikia
nfhz;l Fbkf;fs; mjid Jwf;fNth my;yJ tpl;Lf;nfhLf;fNth ,ayhJ.

1.2. gpupT 15 (1) MdJ rl;lj;jpdhy; epiyehl;lg;gl eilKiwapdhy;

tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJ.

(¶7) cWg;G 21> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpw;F Kjd;ikahf ,Ue;J nray;gl

itf;fpwJ7. cWg;G 21 MdJ [dehaf rKjhaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. NkYk;
eilKiwapyhd kfh rhrdkhf (khf;d fu;lh) ,Ue;J Mu;atu;jh Fbkf;fspd; capu;

6
,e;jpa rl;l mwpf;if> 1996 nly;yp 790
7
Y}ap]; b nul; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;>(1991) 3 c. eP. t. 554: Njrpa kdpj cupikfs; Mizak;
vjpu; mUzhr;ry gpuNjr muR> m. ,. m 1996 c. eP. 1234.

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 4 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

kw;Wk; Rje;jpuj;ij ghJfhf;fpwJ8. NkYk;> thOk; cupikahdJ murpayikg;gpy;

nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s cupikfspy; Kjd;ikahdjhFk;9. cWg;G 21y; cs;s cupik
fpilf;fhtpl;lhy; kw;w cWg;Gfspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s cupikfs; fpilf;f tha;g;gpy;iy10.
,tw;iw muR ftrkhf ,Ue;J ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;11. cWg;G 21 kdpj tho;it
KOikahf;FfpwJ. mjid muR kPWjy; $lhJ12. gbg;gbahd fhuzj;Jld; $bajhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpjp gbg;gbahf Vw;fg;gl;L> mnkupf;f murpayikg;ghy;
$wg;gl;Ls;s jf;f Kiwapyhd rl;lk; vd;w tpjpf;F epfuhf Mu;atu;jhtpy;
Vw;fg;gl;Ls;sJ13. cWg;G 21 ,d; fPo; $wg;gLk; eilKiwahdJ Neu;ikahdjhfTk;
fhuzj;Jld; $bajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;14. xU jiyg;Nghf;F nfhz;ljhfNth
my;yJ Neu;ik mw;wjhfNth my;yJ jf;f fhuzq;fs; mw;;wjhfNth ,Uf;ff;$lhJ15.
jf;f rl;lKiw vd;gjpy;> 'jf;f' vd;gjd; nghUs; 'Neu;ikahd'> 'Kiwg;gbahd'>
my;yJ 'fhuzj;Jld; $ba' vd;w nghUisj; jUtjhFk;16. vdNt> xUtuJ tho;it>
Rje;jpuj;ij my;yJ nrhj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk; rl;lk; jf;f fhuzj;Jld; Mdjh? my;yJ
,y;iyah? vd;gijf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;17. vdNt cWg;G 21 ,y; $wg;gLk; eilKiw
rupahdjhf> epahakhdjhf kw;Wk; Neu;ikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;18.

Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950

cWg;G 21. capiuAk; jdpg;gl;l cupikiaAk; ghJfhj;jy;:- rl;lj;jhy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l eilKiwahyd;wp> kw;iwa tifapy; xU egupd; capiuNah my;yJ
jdpkdpj Rje;jpuj;ijNah gwpj;jy; $lhJ.

(¶8) xUjiyg; Nghf;Ff; nfhz;ljhf19> jd;dpr;irahf20> nghJkf;fis xLf;ff;

$bajhf ,Uf;f $lhJ . ,it ,aw;if ePjpAld; xd;wpr; nry;Yjy; Ntz;Lk22;.
21

kdpj fz;zpaj;JlDk;> Ruz;ly; ,y;yhkYk; tho> mbg;gil cupikAz;L vd;Wk;23>

8
gpuhd;rp]; Nfhuyp vjpu; nly;yp A+dpad; gpuNjrk;> m. ,. m. 1981 c. eP.746>752 : gp. v];.
Mu;.rjhde;jk; vjpu; mUzhryk;> m. ,. m. 1980 c. eP 856.
9
Fjpuk; jh]; vjpu; Nkw;F tq;f muR> m. ,. m. 1975 c. eP. 550: m. ,. m. 1975 c. eP 775.
10
rpt;gJ}u; rpq; uht; vjpu; cj;jpu gpuNjr khepyk; (AIR 1953 SC 394)
11
kNdfh fhe;jp vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> 1978 m.,.m. 597.
12
Nf.v];. Gl;Lrhkp vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> ePjpg; Nguhiz vz; (Fw;wtpay;) : 494:2012.
13
khtl;lg; gjpthsu; kw;Wk; Ml;rpj; jiytu; vjpu; fduh tq;fp> 2005 (1) c.eP.t. 496.
14
uhk; fpU\;zh guj;th[; vjpu; by;yp muR (AIR 1953 SC 318)
15
kpdu;th kpy;]; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (AIR 1980 SC 1789)
16
kf;fhd; rpq; ju;\pfh vjpu; gQ;rhg; khepyk; (AIR 1964 SC 381)
17
me;JNy V. Mu; vjpu; kfhuh\;buk; khepyk; (1988 SC 1531)
18
ky;fhdp Mu;. vk; vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk; (AIR 1973 SC 157)
19
mg;gh]; Nf. V vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;(AIR 1971 SC 481)
20
ee;j; yhy; g[h[; vjpu; gQ;rhg; khepyk;(AIR 1981 SC 939)
21
jhJ vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk; (2000) 8 SCC 437 )
22
[hyp [hu;[; tu;fp]; vjpu; nfhr;rpd; tq;fp> m.,.m 1980 c.eP. 470.
23
uhkh rpe;Nj Nfhir vjpu; F[uhj; khepyk;(AIR 1999 SC 1859)

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 5 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

xUtupd; mbg;gilj; Njitfspd; Efu;itg; gwpf;f ve;j muRf;Fk; cupik ,y;iy24.

jdp egu;fspd;> jdpik cupikapid kPWtJ vd;gJ ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd;
capu;thOk; cupikiaAk; jdpkdpj Rje;jpuj;ijAk; gwpg;gjhFk;25.

(¶9) cr;rePjpkd;wkhdJ jd;Dila gytof;Ffspy; xU rl;lkhdJ cWG 21 fPo;

epahakhdjhf my;yJ nry;yj;jf;fjhf fUj Ntz;Lnkdpy; gpd;tUk; midj;J
epge;jidfisAk; mr;rl;lkhdJ G+u;j;jp nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mit

 Kjyhtjhf> mr;rl;lkhdJ epahakhdjhf my;yJ Kiwaw;wjhf ,Uj;jy;

$lhJ26>
 ,uz;lhtjhf> ,aw;if ePjpf; Nfhl;ghl;il kPwp ,Uj;jy; $lhJ27.
 %d;whtjhf> mr;rl;lkhdJ cWG 21 kl;Lky;yhky;> cWG 14 my;yJ 19y;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; cupikfisAk; kPwhky; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;28.

(¶10) Kjyhtjhf> ekJ tof;fpy; ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 gpupT 15 (1) MdJ
,e;J kjj;jpd; mbg;gilahd Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; epahakhdjhfTk;
KiwahdjhfTk; ,aw;wg;gl;l xd;whFk; ,uz;lhtjhf> ,g;gpupthdJ vt;tpjkhd
,aw;if ePjp Nfhl;ghl;bd; kPwypYk; <Lg;gltpy;iy. ,Wjpahf> gpupT 15 (1) MdJ
Kiwahw;w tifg;gLj;Jjy; ,y;yhky; cWG 14 y; cWjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt
kw;Wk; rkg;ghJfhg;G Nfhl;ghl;bid gpd;gw;wpNa epahakhd tifg;gLj;JjNyhL
,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; jho;ikAld;
rku;g;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 d; gpupT 15 (1) MdJ cWG
21y; epahag;gLj;jpAs;s rl;lj;jpdhy; epiyehl;lg;gl eilKiwapid gpd;gw;wpNa
,aw;wg;gl;L nray;gl;Lk; tUfpd;wJ..

(¶11) vdNt khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;ghf

gzpTld; rku;g;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 d; gpupT 15 MdJ ,e;J
kjj;jpd; mbg;gil Nfhl;ghl;bypUe;J Njhd;wpa xd;whFk;. NkYk;> gpupT 15 (1) MdJ cWg;G
21 Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUk; Kiwahd rl;lj;jpw;fhd epge;jidfs; midj;ijAk; G+u;j;jp nra;Js;sJ
vd;Wk;> gpupT 15 (1) murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;Nl cs;sJ vd;Wk; rku;g;gpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

24
ge;Jth Kf;jp Nkhu;r;rh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m 1984 c.eP. 802: vk;.rP. Nkj;jh vjpu; ,e;jpa
xd;wpak;> m.,.m 1987 c.eP. 1086: vk;.gp. ru;kh vjpu; ghuj; vyf;l;upf;fy; epWkk;> m.,.m 1987 c.eP.
1762: fd];khu; vFNf\d; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp ikak; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> (1995) 3 c.eP.t. 42.
25
Kd;\p rpq; nfsjk; vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk;(AIR 2005 SC 402)
26
`pd;r; yhy; jpthup vjpu; fkyhNjtp(AIR 2001 SC 3215); Nfhtpe;j; vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr khepyk;( AIR
1975 SC 1378)
27
md;tu; vjpu; n[a;g;G+u; muR (AIR 1971 SC 337); mD[; fhu;f; vjpu; N`hl;ly; mNrhrpNa\d; M/g;
,e;jpah(2008) 3 SCC 1
28
kfhuh\;buh khepyk; vjpu; gpughfu; gd;Juhq; rd;];fpuP(AIR 1966 SC 424); fuhf; rpq; vjpu; cj;ju gpuNjr
khepyk;(AIR 1963 SC 1295

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 6 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

2. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;gpy;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt cupikfis gpd;gw;Wfpwjh?

(¶12) khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd;; rhu;ghf gzpTld;

rku;g;gpg;gJ vd;dntd;why;> Kjyhtjhf> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 y;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt cupikia ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15
(1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ [2.1]; ,uz;lhtjhf> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 y;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkg;ghJfhg;G cupikapid ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 -
gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ. [2.2].

2.1. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 - cWG 14y; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt

cupikfis ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ.

(¶13) r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay; ePjp nghUe;jpa ehlhf Mu;atu;jhitg; ghJfhg;Nghk;

vd xt;nthU FbkfDk;; cWjpg; G+z;Ls;sjhf murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; Kfg;Giu
gpufldg;gLj;JfpwJ29. Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;gpy;
jho;ikAld; rku;g;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 - cWG
14y; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt kw;Wk; rkg;ghJfhg;G cupikfis> ,e;J
thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;wpNa ,aw;wg;gl;L nray;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ
vd;W vd;W jho;ikAld; rku;g;gpf;fpNwhk;.

2.1.1. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 d; rkj;Jt mZFKiw

(¶14) rkj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghL vd;gJ nray; Jbg;Gs;s Xu; tsUk; fUj;JU MFk;30.
,jw;Fg; gy;NtW gupkhzq;fs; cz;L. ,J r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; murpay;
ePjpfis milAk; Fwpf;Nfhs; nfhz;lJ31. jd;dpr;irahd my;yJ xUr;rhu;G
mZFKiw vdg;gLtJ Kiwahd rl;l fhuzq;fs; ,d;wp Xu; cupikia
kWg;gjhFk;32. ,t;tZFKiwahdJ rkj;Jtf; Nfhl;g;ghl;bd; mbg;giliaNa
Fiyf;fpd;wJ33. cWG 14 MdJ xU rl;lj;jpid xNu khjpupahd kf;fSf;F xNu

29
Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950 - Kfg;Giu.
30
ud;gPu; rpq; Nrfy; vjpu; gQ;rhg; khepyk;(AIR 1962 SC 510)
31
Ml;rpahsu; Nyz;l; mf;A+Nrrd; vjpu; fjp[p(1987 SC 1353 )
32
mkpjh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2005)13 SCC 721
33
j]ujh uhkhuht; vjpu; Me;jpu gpuNjr khepyk; (AIR 1961 SC 564)

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 7 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

uPjpapNy nfhz;L Nru;j;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;JfpwJ34. vdNt khz;gik

Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ghf jho;ikAld; rku;g;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;> ,e;J
thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) ,d; mZFKiwia khw;wpaikg;gJ vd;gJ
,e;Jkjj;jpd; Kf;fpa $Wfshd $l;L FLk;gj;jpd; mbg;gil mikg;gpid
Fiyg;gjw;F xg;ghdjhFk;.

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 - cWG 14

 rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk;:- ve;j egUk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkcupikAk;

Mu;atu;jh epytiuapy; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; rkkhd ghJfhg;igAk; muR kWj;jy;
$lhJ.

(¶15) murpayikg;G milahsk;35> Rje;jpuk;> rpe;jid> capu; thOk; cupik36

Mfpatw;iw xUtu; ,of;f muR toptif nra;jy; $lhJ37. kf;fspd; mbg;gil
cupikapd; Nehf;fk; mtu;fspd; kdpj cupikia ghJfhg;gNj38. mbg;gil cupik
murpayikg;gpy; ,Ug;gjw;F fhuzk; mij muR ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Nf39.
murpd; Kjy; kw;Wk; Kjd;ikahd flikNa kf;fspd; cupikfis ghJfhg;gJ
jhd;40. ekJ tof;fpy; ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 gpupT 15 (1) MdJ Mu;atu;jh
murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950 - cWG 14 -d; fPo; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;s tifg;gLj;jy;
Nfhl;ghl;bid mbg;gilahf nfhz;L nray;gLfpd;wJ.

tifg;gLj;jy; Nfhl;ghL

(¶16) Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 cWG 14 ,d; Kjyhk; thf;fpakhd

"rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk;” vd;w nrhw;Nwhlu; MdJ Mq;fpyr; rl;lj;jpypUe;J
ngwg;gl;l xd;whFk;41. ,t;thf;fpakhdJ rl;lj;jpd; fz;fSf;F Kd; midtUk; rkk;
vd;gjid cWjpnra;fpwJ42. NkYk; jdpg;gl;l eyd; nfhz;ltu;fSf;F ve;jtpjkhd
rpwg;G rYifAk; fpilahJ vd;gjidAk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ43. ,dk;> kjk;44 my;yJ

34
Njtju;\d; b. vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;(AIR 1964 SC 179)
35
vd; .b. Mu;. Adptu;rpl;b M/g; n`y;j; rapd;]; tp[athlh vjpu; [p. ghG uhN[e;jpu gpurhj;(AIR 2002
SC 1947)
36
ied; Rf;jh]; vjpu; cj;jpu gpuNjr khepyk; (1953 SC 1184)
37
gpNdhj; gpfhup vjpu; gP`hu; muR> m.,.m. 1974 c.eP. 2125: mfkJ nkha;jPd; vjpu; Ma;thsu;>
m.,.m. 1959 nkl;uh]; 261.
38
Jy; re;jpuh vjpu; mrhk; tUkhd gpupT> m.,.m. 1971 mrhk; 123.
39
n[fehj; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m. 1960 c.eP. 625.
40
vk;.rp. Nkj;jh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m. 1987 c.eP. 1086.
41
Pirduh fhu;l;^d; vjpu; cs;Jiw nrayhsu;> gPfhu;> (1980) 1 c.eP.t. 91
42
gd;yhy; gpd;wh[; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; m.,.m (1957) c.eP 397: ehfyhe;J muR vjpu; uj;jd; rpq;>
m.,.m 1967 c.eP 212>224
43
fp\hd; rpq; vjpu; uh[];jhd; muR> m.,.m 1955 c.eP 795

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 8 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

ghypdk;45 Nghd;w ve;j ghFghbd;wp KO taJ kw;Wk; KO cupik cs;s

midj;Jf; Fbkf;fSf;Fk; xNu khjpupahd tho;f;if juj;jpw;fhd mbg;gil cupik
xNu khjpupahf murpayikg;gpd; %yk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ46. rl;lq;fspd; tifg;ghL
kw;Wk; tifg;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ Fwpg;gpl;l xU rl;lj;jpd; gb> FOf;fshf my;yJ
tFg;Gfshf xOq;Fg;gLj;Jk; Xu; Vw;ghlhFk;47. cWg;G 14> tFg;G mbg;gilapy; rl;lk;
,aw;Wjiyj; jil nra;fpd;wd48. Mdhy; murpayikg;gpw;F cl;gl;L ghFghL
nra;jiy jil nra;atpy;iy. Mdhy; mt;thW tifg;gLj;jg;gLtJ > jd;dpr;irahf
my;yJ nraw;ifahf ,Uj;jy; $lhJ49.

(¶17) ekJ tof;fpy; ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 MdJ ngz;fspd; nrhj;Jupikia
Mz;fsplk; ,Ue;Jk;> mtu;fs; nrhj;Jf;fis ngWk; topapy; ,Ue;J rl;lg;gbahf
NtWgLj;jp tifg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 08 MdJ Mzpd;
capy; vOjh nrhj;Jf;fisAk; ngz;zpd; capy; vOjh nrhj;Jf;fisAk;
rl;lg;gbahd Kiwapy; tifg;gLj;JfpwJ. NkYk;> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 gpupT
- 14 d; fPo; ngz;fs; ngWk; nrhj;Jfs; KOikahd nrhj;J kw;Wk;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l nrhj;J vd gpupf;fg;gl;L> gpd;du; nrhj;Jf;fshdJ gpupT 16 - d;
gb gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j eilKiwahdJ rkkhdtu;fs; rkkhf elj;jg;gLjy;
Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhl;ghl;bid gpd;gw;W mjw;fhd rpwg;ghd rl;lg;gpupTfSld;
,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.. ,e;J thupRupik rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mz;fSf;Fk;> ngz;fSf;Fk;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l tifg;gLj;JjyhdJ ,e;J kjj;jpd; mbg;gil $Wfspd; %yk;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xd;whFk;.

(¶18) xU rl;lkhdJ mjd; kf;fSf;F Vw;wthWk;50 mtu;fspd; cupikfis

ghJfhf;FkhWk; ,aw;wg;gLk;51. mbg;gil cupikfs; njhlu;ghd murpayikg;gpd;
52
cWGfspy; cWG 14 MdJ> jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ . cWG 14 y; $wg;gl;Ls;sf;
Nfhl;ghLfshdJ> Mu;atu;jh Fbkf;fSf;F kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;53.
tifg;gLj;Jjy;> Kiwahdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy;> mJ jf;f fhuzq;fSld;
$bajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;54. ve;j tpilak; Fwpj;J tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpwNjh
mjw;fhd fhuzk; kw;Wk; epahaG+u;t Njit Fwpj;J> cz;ikahf kw;Wk; NghJkhd

44
Nghghy; rpq; vjpu; uh[];jhd; khepyk;(AIR 1958 RAJ. 41)
45
rpj;jpuNyfh Mu;. vjpu; ikR+u; khepyk;( AIR 1964 SC 1823)
46
gpNuf; I]; & Mapy; kpy;]; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (1978) 3 c.eP.t 459:
47
rpj;uh Nfh]; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;( AIR 1970 SC 35 )
48
Kk;ig muR vjpu; ghk;Ng v[{Nf\d; nrhirl;b(AIR 1954 SC 561)
49
tRe;juh vd;. vjpu; ikR+u; muR (AIR 1971 SC 1439)
50
lhdpay; nyl;b/ig vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;( AIR 2001 SC 3958)
51
`hgPl; fu; vjpu; kfhuh\;buh muR> (1992) 2 c.eP.t. 177.
52
uh[];jhd; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;( AIR 1993 SC 1769)
53
b.b.rp vjpu; k];^u; fhq;fpu];> (1991) rg; (1) c.eP.t 600
54
lhy;kpah rpnkz;l;( ghuj;) ypkpnll; vjpu; ,e;jpah xd;wpak;(1996)10 SCC 104

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 9 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

mstpyhd NtWghLfspd; Ngupy; mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;55. fPo;f;fz;l epge;jidfis

epiwNtw;wpUg;gpd; kl;LNk mt;tifg;gLj;JjyhdJ rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;ljhFk;.

 tpLgl;l kw;w tFg;gpypUe;J xd;whf NtWgLj;jg;gl;l egu;fis my;yJ

nghUs;fisj; njspthf NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lgitfspd; Ngupy; tifg;gLj;Jjy;
my;yJ ghFghL nra;jy; mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;56
 murpd; xt;nthU nraw;ghl;bw;Fk; epahakhd fhuz fhupaq;fs; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. mjid rkj;Jt Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; ePjpkd;wk; cWjp
57
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; .
 xt;nthU tof;fpYk; murpd; nraiy Fwpj;j fhuz kw;Wk; epahakhd jd;ik
Fwpj;J ePjpkd;wk; KbT vLf;ifapy; mt;tof;fpy; nghUz;ik kw;Wk;
R+o;epiyfis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L KbT vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. muR mjw;Fz;lhd
mjpfhuj;ij kPwp ,Ue;jhNyh my;yJ mbg;gil cupikia kPWjy; vd;gJ
ntspg;gilahf njd;gLk; nghOJ murpd; nraiy ,y;yhepiyajhf
khw;wyhk;.58
 tpdhtpy; cs;s rl;lj;jpdhy; mila tpUk;Gk; Fwpf;NfhSld; mwpTg;
G+u;tkhd njhlu;G nfhz;ljhfj; jdp NtWghLfs; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;59

(¶19) ekJ tof;fpy;> Kjyhtjhf> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 MdJ ngz;fis
Mz;fsplk; ,Ue;Jk;> nrhj;Jf;fis ngWk; topKiwfspy; ,Ue;Jk; ghypdj;jpd;
mbg;gilapYk; tifg;gLj;JtjhdJ murpayikg;gpw;F cl;gl;lNj MFk;. NkYk;>
,e;J thupRupik rl;lkhdJ> Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; Vw;gLj;jplg;gl;l
tifg;gLj;Jjypid njspthf ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.. ,uz;lhtjhf> gpupT 15 (1)
MdJ Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;s "rkkhdtu;fs; rkkhf
elj;jg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;" vd;w Nfhl;ghl;bid Kw;wpYkhf gpd;gw;Wfpd;wJ.. ,Wjpahf>
,e;J thupRupik rl;lj;jpd; FwpNfhshd epahakhd egu;fSf;F nrhj;J nrd;wila
Ntz;Lk; vd;w FwpNfhspid gpd;gw;Wk; tifapNy gpupT 15 (1) MdJ cs;sJ vd
khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; jho;ikAld; rku;g;gpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

55
X.Nfhdhthy; vjpu; fkhz;lu; Nfh];l; fhl; uP[pad;(2006) 4 SCC 620
56
nrd;lu; /ghu; vd;tpuhd;nkd;l; mz;l; Gl; nrf;A+upl;b vjpu; ,e;jpah xd;wpak;(2011) 5 SCC 676
57
vk; .[p .rpthdp vjpu; fu;ehlfh muR(1995) 6 SCC 289
58
`pkhr;ry gpuNjr khepyk; vjpu; uh[h kNfe;jpu ghy;(1999) 4 SCC 43
59
nrf;nul;lup fu;ehlfh khepyk; vjpu; ckhNjtp (2006) 4 SCC 1

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 10 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

rl;lf; Nfhl;ghLfs; - mbg;gil cupik kPwy; Nfhl;ghL

(¶20) mbg;gil cupik kPwy; Nfhl;ghl;il gw;wp khz;gik cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd;

fUj;jhdJ> 'muR nfhz;L tUk; rl;lj;jpd; murpayikg;Gj; jd;ikia MuhAk;
nghOJ ePjpkd;wkhdJ mr;rl;lj;jpid gpd;tUkhW Nehf;f Ntz;Lk;60. murpayikg;Gj;
jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;j rl;lkhdJ mbg;gil cupikia kPWfpd;wjh kPwtpy;iyah
vd;w Nfs;tpia tpl mJ nfhz;L tUk; Neub jhf;fkhdJ Fbkf;fspd; mbg;gil
cupikfis kPWfpwjh ,y;iyah vd;gjid Kjypy; fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;’.
vdNt> murpd; midj;J eltbf;iffSk; jdpg;gl;l egu;fspd; eydpy; cs;sjh
my;yJ nghJeydpy; cs;sjh vd;gjid ePjpkd;wkhdJ ed;F Muha;jy; Ntz;Lk;61.
ePjpgjp gp.vd;. gftjp ,f;Nfhl;ghL rk;ge;jkhf 'Neub' kw;Wk; 'jtpu;ff
; Kbahj” vd;w
thu;j;ijfis Nrhjpj;jhu;. gpd; mtu; $Wifapy; murpd; ve;j xU rl;lk;> nray;> tpjp
my;yJ fl;lis Nghd;witfs; 'Neub” my;yJ 'jtpu;ff
; Kbahj” fhuzq;fs; vdf;
$wp gFjp %d;wpy; toq;fpAs;s mbg;gil cupikfis vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; KbahJ
vdf; $wpAs;shu;. Kd;dhs; cr;rePjpkd;w jiyik ePjpgjp uha; mtu;fs; rl;lj;jpd;
murpayikg;Gj; jd;ikia tpthjpf;ifapy; rl;lj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis
vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh my;yJ mJ nfhz;L tug;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;jpid
vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh vd;w tpthjj;jpid mtu; Vw;ftpy;iy. mtu; njspthf;
$Wifapy; rl;lj;jpd; murpayikg;Gj; jd;ikia Mw;wy;fis mJ r%fj;jpy;
Vw;gLj;Jk; Neubj; jhf;fj;ijNa fUj;jpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vdj;
jPu;g;gspj;jhu;.

(¶21) cr;rePjpkd;wkhdJ nra;jpj;jhs; fhfp;jKlf;f tof;fpy;> kj;jpa murhdJ fhfpj

gw;whf;Fiwapd; fhuzkhf nra;jpj;jhs;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l gf;fq;fs; kl;LNk mr;rpl
Ntz;Lk; vd cj;jutpl;lJ. ,t;tof;fhdJ cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpid milifapy;
khz;gik cr;rePjpkd;wkhdJ> kj;jpa muR ntspapl;l cj;juthdJ mjd;
mjpfhug;gbAk; murpayikg;gpd; gbAk; rupahdjhf ,Ug;gpDk;> mJ r%fj;jpy;
fUj;J Rje;jpuj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fkhdJ murpayikg;gpw;F vjpuhdJ vdf; $wp
mt;Tj;juit murpayikg;gpw;F vjpuhdJ vdf; $wp ,uj;J nra;jJ. vdNt>
khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; jho;ikAld; rku;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;>
,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) MdJ mjd; Nehf;fkhd FLk;g
mikg;gpid tYg;gLj;Jjy; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpid epiwNtw;Wk; tifapNy mjd;

60
Fykh`kJ jurn`l; vjpu; gk;gha; muR> m. ,. m.1962 gk;gha; 96
61
fPjh `up`ud; vjpu; upru;t; Ngq;f; Mg; ,e;jpah( AIR 1999 SC 1149); g;uhg;yh Fkhu; jh]; vjpu; xuprh
khepyk;(AIR 2003 SC 4506)

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 11 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

gpupTfis nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjd; Neub nray;ghLfSk; murpayikg;Gf;F

cl;gl;ljhfNt cs;sJ.

2.2. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;> 1950 - cWG 14y; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkg;ghJfhg;G

cupikfis ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) gpd;gw;WfpwJ

(¶22) rl;lq;fspd; rkg;ghJfhg;G vd;gJ Neu;kiw nghUspy; mike;j xd;whFk;62. rk

ghJfhg;G vd;gjd; nghUshdJ> rpwg;Gupikfs; toq;fg;gLtJ xj;j R+o;epiyfspy;
rkkhf elj;jg;gLtjw;f;fhd cupik vd;gjhFk;63. ,dk;> rkak;> nry;tk;> r%fj;
jFjp epiy my;yJ murpay; nry;thf;F vd;w NtWghbd;wpr; rkkhf
64
,Ug;gtu;fspilNa rl;lk; rkkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk ;. khz;gik Mu;atu;jh
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; jho;ikAld; vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;ghf gzpTld; rku;g;gpg;gJ
ahnjdpy;> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1)> Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G
rl;lk;> 1950 y; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;s rkg;ghJfhg;G Nfhl;ghl;bid gpd;gw;WfpwJ.

,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956

 gpupT 08 - ,e;J Mzpd; thupRupik Fwpj;j nghJthd tpjp - capy; vOjh

epiyapy; ,wf;Fk; Mz; ,e;Jtpd; nrhj;J ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; tpjpfspd;gb
gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk;.

(m) Kjyhtjhf> ml;ltizapd; tFg;G 1 ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;;

(M) ,uz;lhtjhf> Kjyhk; tFg;gpy; ahUk; thupRfshf ,y;yhj

gl;rj;jpy;> ml;ltizapd; tFg;G 2 ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s thupRfSf;F
nrd;wilAk;;

(,) %d;whtjhf> ,uz;L tFg;gpdUf;Fk; thupR ,y;iy vd;why;>

,we;jtupd; je;ijtop thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;; kw;Wk;

(c) filrpahf> je;ijtop thupRfs; ,y;iy vd;why;> ,we;jtupd;

ngz;topapdu; thupRfSf;F nrd;wilAk;.

62
ahjt; b .Nf vjpu; N[. vk; .V. ,z;l];l;uP]; ypkpnll;( 1993) 2 UJSC 348
63
rhU Fuhdh vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak; (2015) 1 SCC 192
64
eNue;jpu Fkhu; re;jpuh vjpu; `upahdh khepyk;(AIR 1995 SC 519)

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 12 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

(¶23) xj;j epiyapy; cs;stu;fs; xNu khjpupahf elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; rk ghJfhg;G

Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghlhFk;65 nghJ kf;fSf;Fj; Njitahd r%f>
nghUshjhu khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;L te;J mjd; thapyhf midtUk; rl;lq;fspd;
rkg;ghJfhg;ig mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; vtUf;Fk; mj;jifa ghJfhg;G
kWf;fg;glyhfhJ vd;gij cWjp nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; muR rl;lj;jpd; rkghJfhg;ig
mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Neu;kiwahd flg;ghlhf 'rl;lj;jpd; rkghJfhg;G” vd;w
nrhw;nwhlUf;Fg; nghUs; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rkj;Jtj;jpw;fhd cupikahdJ
murikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilf;$Wfspy; xd;whf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ66. murpd;
nray; xd;wpd; xUjiyg; Nghf;fpid Kwpabg;gJ cWg;G 14 MFk;. ekJ tof;fpy;
,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 gpupT 15 (1) MdJ Mupatu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;>
1950 - cWG 14y; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;s rkkhdtu;fs; rkkhf elj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
rkkw;wtu;fs; rpwg;ghf elj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhl;ghl;bid gpd;gw;wp
,aw;wg;gl;lJ.

rl;lf; Nfhl;ghLfs; : ghJfhtyu; muR Nfhl;ghL

(¶24) ghJfhg;G muR Nfhl;ghlhdJ Mu;atu;jh ePjpj;Jiwapy; ed;F epiyepWj;jg;gl;l

Nfhl;ghlhFk67;. ,f;Nfhl;ghL ciug;gnjd;gJ> murhdJ Fbkf;fspd; ghJfhtydhf
,Ue;J> Fbkf;fspd; cupikfs; kw;Wk; tpUg;gq;fis ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ murpd;
Xu; flikahFk;68. muR vd;Wk; mjpy; ,Ue;J jtw $lhJ. ,f;Nfhl;ghL Mq;fpy
nghJ rl;lj;jpypUe;J Njhd;wpajhFk;. ghJfhtyu; muR Nfhl;ghL xU Gjpa fUj;J
my;y. Mdhy;> cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s ehLfspd; ePjpj;Jiwapy; epytptUk; xU
gioa eilKiw MFk;. ,f;Nfhl;ghl;bd; mu;j;jkhdJ r%fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; midj;J
Fbkf;fSf;Fk; nghJthd xU eguhfTk;> jd;Dila Fbkf;fspd; kPJ ,iwahz;ik
nrYj;Jk; ghJfhtyuhf ,Ue;J murhdJ xt;nthU Fbkfdpd; cupikfs; kw;Wk;
tpUg;gq;fis ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;69. ruz; yhy; rhF vjpu; Mu;atu;jh
xd;wpak70; vd;w murpayikg;G mku;T nfhz;l cr;rePjpkd;w tof;fpy;>
cr;rePjpkd;wkhdJ ghJfhtyu; muR vd;w nrhw;fspd; thjj;ij tpsf;fpaJ.

65
[fe;ehj; gpurhj; vjpu; cj;jpug; gpuNjr khepyk;> m.,.m 1961 c.eP. 1245.
66
,e;jpuh rhdp vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;> m.,.m 2000 c.eP. 468002E
67
gp`hu; khepyk; vjpu; uha; gfJ}u; {`u;jj; uha; Nkhl;b yhy; [_l; kpy;]; (AIR 1960 SC 378); rhfpu;
mfkj; vjpu; cj;jpugpuNjr khepyk;(AIR 1954 SC 728)
68
Nfhtpe;j; vjpu; kj;jpa gpuNjr muR> m.,.m 1975 c.eP. 1378
69
khtl;l gjpthsu; vjpu; fduh tq;fp> (2005) 1 c.eP.t. 496.
70
1990 m.,.m. 1480

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 13 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

(¶25) mjhtJ> murhdJ jdJ rl;l ,iwahz;ikapid nfhz;L jd;Dila

kf;fspd; cupikfs; kw;Wk; kf;fspd; cilikfs; cupikfis ve;j tpj
NtWg;ghLk; fhl;lhky; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikiaAk;> flikiaAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ71. nghJthd eydpy; jdJ ,iwahz;ikapd; %yk; murhdJ jdJ
Fbkf;fis ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w flikia muRf;F ,f;Nfhl;ghL tpjpf;fpwJ.
Mq;fpNya fhyj;jpy; muru; Fbkf;fspd; ghJfhtyuhf nray;gl;lhu;. etPd fhyj;jpy;
muR Fbkf;fspd; ghJfhtyuhf nray;gl Ntz;Lk; vd ,f;Nfhl;ghL $WfpwJ72.
ghJfhtydhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Mu;atu;jh murhdJ> jdJ nghWg;gpid Jwe;J
jdJ Fbkf;fspd; xU rhuiu kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; cupikfis ,og;gjw;F toptif
nra;Js;sJ. ,e;j eltbf;ifahdJ Kw;wpYk; murpayikg;gpw;F vjpuhdjhFk;. kuG
gof;ftof;fq;fis gpd;gw;wp ,aw;wg;gl;l ,e;J thupRupik rl;lj;jpd; gpupT 15 (1)
MdJ murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;l xd;W vd;gjid ,e;j khz;gik
cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;ghf jho;ikAld; rku;g;gpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

ePjpKiw thf;fpaq;fs;

jpUf;Fws;

 fiznfhbJ aho;NfhL nrt;tpJMq; fd;d

tpidgL ghyhy; nfhsy;

jpUf;Fws; 279

rhykd; ghg;igah ciu

(¶26) tbthy; NeuhdJ vd;whYk; nrayhy; mk;G nfhbaJ. fOj;jhy; tise;jJ

MapDk; nrayhy; aho; ,dpJ. mjdhy; Njhw;wj;jhy; md;wpr; nrayhy; xd;wpid
vil NghLf. Neuhf my;yJ ghu;g;gjw;Ff; Nfl;gjw;F ,dpikahf ,Uf;Fk; tplaq;fs;
cz;ikapy; jPaitahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ghu;j;jTld; jPq;if tpistpf;Fk; vd;W fUJk;
nray;fs; ey;y tpisitAk; gaf;fyhk;. khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd;
Kd; vjph;kDjhuupd; rhu;ghf gzpTld; rku;g;gpg;gJ ahnjdpy;> NkNyhl;lkhf

71
rhuhj vjpu; juk;ghy;> m.,.m 2003 c.eP. 3450
72
eNu\; ];uPju; kpuh[;fu; vjpu; kfhuh\;buh khepyk;(AIR 1967 SC 1); Nkhyhu; khy; vjpu; Nf mad; xu;f;];
ypkpnll; (2000)4 SCC 285; gPg;gps;]; A+dpad; /ghu; rptpy; ypgu;l;b]; vjpu; ,e;jpa xd;wpak;( AIR 2004 SC
1442)

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 14 | gf;f vz;

tpupthd thJiu

murpayikg;gpw;F cl;gl;ljhf ,y;iy vd njd;gl;lhYk;> ,g;gpuptpd; mbg;gil

$Wfshd kuG gof;ftof;fq;fis gpd;gw;wp ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;l $WfshdJ
murpayikg;gpw;F cl;gl;l xd;Nw MFk;.

(¶27) vdNt khz;gik Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; gzpTld; ,iwQ;RtJ

vd;dntd;why>; ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 - gpupT 15 (1) MdJ ngz;fis jFe;j
rl;l fhuzq;fs; nfhz;L; tifg;ghL nra;Jk;>; Mu;atu;jh murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950
y; cWjpaspj;Js;s rkj;Jt kw;Wk; rkg;ghJfhg;G Nfhl;ghLfspid ,g;gpupthdJ
gpd;gw;wpAk; nray;gLfpd;wJ.

vjpu;kDjhuupd; vOj;Jg;G+u;t thJiu 15 | gf;f vz;

,iwQ;Rjy;

,iwQ;Rjy;

,Jtiu vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l thjj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk;> gfug;gl;l Kd;jPh;g;Gfspd;

mbg;gilapYk;> khz;GkpF Mu;atu;jh cr;rePjpkd;wk; Kd;ghf fPo;f;fz;l ghpfhuq;fs;
Nfhug;gLfpd;wd.

1. tpsk;Gf> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 d; gpupT 15 (1) MdJ Mupatu;jh

murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950 y; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s ,e;J kjj;jpd;
mbg;gil Nfhl;ghl;bid gpd;gw;wp cs;sJ vd;Wk;;
2. tpsk;Gf> ,e;J thupRupik rl;lk;> 1956 d; gpupT 15 (1) MdJ Mupatu;jh
murpayikg;G rl;lk;> 1950 y; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rkj;Jt kw;Wk;
rkg;ghJfhg;G cupikfis gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ vd;Wk;;

NkYk;/my;yJ

,e;j ePjpkd;wk; jf;fnjd fUJk; ,d;dgpw ghpfhuq;fisAk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;Wk;> ,e;j khz;GkpF ePjpkd;wj;jpid jho;ikAld; ,iwQ;RfpNwhk;.

Njjp: 11.02.2023 vjph;kDjhuu;

,lk;: Mu;atu;jh tof;FiuQh;