GCSE Vocabulary List

First Declension Nouns

ancilla ancillae, f slave-girl, slave-woman

aqua aquae, f water
cena cenae, f dinner, meal
copiae copiarum, f plural forces, troops
cura curae, f care, worry
dea deae, f goddess
domina dominae, f mistress
epistula epistulae, f letter
femina feminae, f woman
filia filiae, f daughter
hora horae, f hour
ianua ianuae, f door
insula insulae, f island, block of flats
ira irae, f anger
nauta nautae, m sailor
patria patriae, f country, homeland
pecunia pecuniae, f money
poena poenae, f punishment
porta portae, f gate
puella puellae, f girl
regina reginae, f queen
Roma Romae, f (Romae: at/in Rome) Rome
silva silvae, f wood
taberna tabernae, f shop, inn
terra terrae, f ground, land, country
turba turbae, f crowd
via viae, f street, road, way
victoria victoriae, f victory
villa villae, f house, country villa
vita vitae, f life

1
 GCSE Vocabulary List

Second Declension Nouns

ager agri, m field

amicus amici, m friend
animus animi, m spirit, soul, mind
annus anni, m year
arma armorum, n plural arms, weapons
auxilium auxilii, n help
bellum belli, n war
caelum caeli, n sky, heaven
captivus captivi, m captive, prisoner
castra castrorum, n plural camp
cibus cibi, m food
consilium consilii, n plan, idea, advice
deus dei, m god
dominus domini, m master
donum doni, n gift, present
equus equi, m horse
filius filii, m son
forum fori, n forum, market place
gaudium gaudii, n joy, pleasure
gladius gladii, m sword
hortus horti, m garden
imperium imperii, n empire, power, command
inimicus inimici, m enemy
liber libri, m book
liberi liberorum, m plural children
libertus liberti, m freedman, ex-slave
locus loci, m place
maritus mariti, m husband
modus modi, m manner, way, kind
murus muri, m wall
nuntius nuntii, m messenger, message, news
periculum periculi, n danger
praemium praemii, n prize, reward, profit
proelium proelii, n battle
puer pueri, m boy
regnum regni, n kingdom
servus servi, m slave
templum templi, n temple
verbum verbi, n word
vinum vini, n wine
vir viri, m man

3rd Declension Nouns

2
 GCSE Vocabulary List

amor amoris, m love

ars artis, f art, skill
caput capitis, n head
civis civis, m and f citizen
clamor clamoris, m shout, shouting, noise
comes comitis, m and f comrade, companion
consul consulis, m consul
corpus corporis, n body
custos custodis, m and f guard
dux ducis, m leader
flumen fluminis, n river
frater fratris, m brother
gens gentis, f family, tribe, race, people
homo hominis, m man, human being
hostis hostis, m enemy
imperator imperatoris, m emperor, general, leader
iter itineris, n journey
iuvenis iuvenis, m young man
labor laboris, m work, toil
legio legionis, f legion
lux lucis, f light, daylight
mare maris, n sea
mater matris, f mother
miles militis, m soldier
mons montis, m mountain
mors mortis, f death
navis navis, f ship
nomen nominis, n name
nox noctis, f night
pars partis, f part
pater patris, m father
pax pacis, f peace
pes pedis, m foot
princeps principis, m chief, emperor
rex regis, m king
sanguis sanguinis, m blood
scelus sceleris, n crime
senator senatoris, m senator
senex senis, m old man
tempestas tempestatis, f storm
tempus temporis, n time
urbs urbis, f city
uxor uxoris, f wife
virtus virtutis, f courage, virtue
vox vocis, f voice, shout
vulnus vulneris, n wound

3
 GCSE Vocabulary List

4th Declension Nouns

domus domus, f (domi = at home) home

exercitus exercitus, m army
manus manus, f hand, group of people

5th Declension Nouns

dies diei, m day

res rei, f thing, matter, event
spes spei, f hope

4
 GCSE Vocabulary List

Adjectives

altus alta, altum high, deep

audax audacis bold, daring
bonus bona, bonum good
brevis breve short, brief
celer celeris, celere quick, fast
ceteri ceterae, cetera the rest, the others
clarus clara, clarum famous, clear
crudelis crudele cruel
difficilis difficile difficult
diligens diligentis careful
dirus dira, dirum dreadful
facilis facile easy
felix felicis fortunate, happy
ferox ferocis fierce, ferocious
fidelis fidele faithful, loyal
fortis forte brave
gravis grave heavy, serious
infelix infelicis unlucky, unhappy
ingens ingentis huge
iratus irata, iratum angry
laetus laeta, laetum happy
lentus lenta, lentum slow
longus longa, longum long
magnus magna, magnum big, large, great
malus mala, malum evil, bad
medius media, medium middle
miser misera, miserum miserable, wretched, sad
multus multa, multum much, many
nonnulli nonnullae, nonnulla some, several
novus nova, novum new
nullus nulla, nullum not any, no
omnis omne all, every
parvus parva, parvum small
pauci paucae, pauca few, a few
perterritus perterrita, perterritum terrified
primus prima, primum first
proximus proxima, proximum nearest, next to
pulcher pulchra, pulchrum beautiful, handsome
qualis? quale what sort of?
quantus? quanta? quantum? how big? how much?
quot? indeclinable how many?
Romanus Romana, Romanum Roman
sacer sacra, sacrum sacred
saevus saeva, saevum savage, cruel
scelestus scelesta, scelestum wicked
solus sola, solum alone, lonely, only, on one's own
stultus stulta, stultum stupid, foolish
summus summa, summum highest, greatest, top (of)
talis tale such, of such a kind
tantus tanta, tantum so great, such a great
tot indeclinable so many
totus tota, totum whole

5
 GCSE Vocabulary List

tristis triste sad

validus valida, validum strong

6
 GCSE Vocabulary List

Adverbs

adeo indeclinable so much, so greatly, to such an extent

antea indeclinable before

bene indeclinable well
cras indeclinable tomorrow
cur? indeclinable why?
deinde indeclinable then
diu indeclinable for a long time
ecce! indeclinable look!
etiam indeclinable also, even
forte indeclinable by chance
frustra indeclinable in vain
heri indeclinable yesterday
hodie indeclinable today
iam indeclinable now, already
ibi indeclinable there
igitur indeclinable therefore, and so
interea indeclinable meanwhile
ita indeclinable in this way, to such an extent, so
itaque indeclinable and so, therefore
iterum indeclinable again
libenter indeclinable willingly, gladly
maxime indeclinable very greatly
minime indeclinable very little, least, no
mox indeclinable soon
multo indeclinable much
non indeclinable not
nonne …? indeclinable surely ... ?
numquam indeclinable never
nunc indeclinable now
olim indeclinable once, some time ago
paene indeclinable almost, nearly
postea indeclinable afterwards
postridie indeclinable on the next day
primo indeclinable at first
quam indeclinable than, how … ? how … !
quando? indeclinable when?
quo? indeclinable to where?
quomodo? indeclinable how?
saepe indeclinable often
semper indeclinable always
sic indeclinable thus, in this way
simul indeclinable at the same time
statim indeclinable at once, immediately
subito indeclinable suddenly
tam indeclinable so
tamen indeclinable however
tandem indeclinable at last, finally
tum indeclinable then
ubi indeclinable where? where, when
umquam indeclinable ever
unde? indeclinable from where?

7
 GCSE Vocabulary List

vehementer indeclinable violently, loudly

8
 GCSE Vocabulary List

Conjunctions

ac, atque indeclinable and

cum indeclinable when, since
dum indeclinable while, until
enim indeclinable for
et indeclinable and, even
nam indeclinable for
ne indeclinable + subjunctive that ... not, so that ... not, that, lest
nec, neque indeclinable and not, nor, neither
nisi indeclinable unless, except
postquam indeclinable after, when
quamquam indeclinable although
-que indeclinable and
quod indeclinable because
quoque indeclinable also, too
sed indeclinable but
si indeclinable if
simulac, simulatque indeclinable as soon as
ut indeclinable + subjunctive that, so that, in order that
ut indeclinable + indicative as, when

Irregular Nouns

nemo nullius no one, nobody

nihil indeclinable nothing

9
 GCSE Vocabulary List

1st Conjugation Verbs

aedifico aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus build

ambulo ambulare, ambulavi walk
amo amare, amavi, amatus love, like
appropinquo appropinquare, appropinquavi + approach, come near to
dative
celo celare, celavi, celatus hide
clamo clamare, clamavi, clamatus shout
cogito cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus think, consider
conor conari, conatus sum try
do dare, dedi, datus give
exspecto exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus wait for, expect

festino festinare, festinavi hurry

habito habitare, habitavi, habitatus live
hortor hortari, hortatus sum encourage, urge
impero imperare, imperavi, imperatus + order, command
dative
intro intrare, intravi, intratus enter
invito invitare, invitavi, invitatus invite
laboro laborare, laboravi work, toil
lacrimo lacrimare, lacrimavi weep, cry
laudo laudare, laudavi, laudatus praise
libero liberare, liberavi, liberatus set free
miror mirari, miratus sum wonder at, admire
narro narrare, narravi, narratus tell, relate
navigo navigare, navigavi sail
neco necare, necavi, necatus kill
nuntio nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus announce, report
oppugno oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatus attack
oro orare, oravi, oratus beg
paro parare, paravi, paratus prepare, provide
porto portare, portavi, portatus carry, bear, take
pugno pugnare, pugnavi fight
puto putare, putavi, putatus think
rogo rogare, rogavi, rogatus ask, ask for
saluto salutare, salutavi, salutatus greet
servo servare, servavi, servatus save, protect, keep
specto spectare, spectavi, spectatus look at, watch
spero sperare, speravi, speratus hope, expect
sto stare, steti stand
supero superare, superavi, superatus overcome, overpower
voco vocare, vocavi, vocatus call
vulnero vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus wound, injure

10
 GCSE Vocabulary List

2nd Conjugation Verbs

audeo audere, ausus sum dare

debeo debere, debui, debitus owe, ought, should, must
deleo delere, delevi, deletus destroy
doceo docere, docui, doctus teach
faveo favere, favi, fautus + dative favour, support
gaudeo gaudere, gavisus sum be pleased, rejoice
habeo habere, habui, habitus have, hold
iaceo iacere, iacui lie
iubeo iubere, iussi, iussus order
maneo manere, mansi remain, stay
moneo monere, monui, monitus warn, advise
moveo movere, movi, motus move
persuadeo persuadere, persuasi + dative persuade
respondeo respondere, respondi, responsus reply
rideo ridere, risi laugh, smile
sedeo sedere, sedi sit
soleo solere, solitus sum be accustomed
taceo tacere, tacui, tacitus be silent, be quiet
teneo tenere, tenui, tentus hold
terreo terrere, terrui, territus frighten
timeo timere, timui fear, be afraid
video videre, vidi, visus see
videor videri, visus sum seem, appear

11
 GCSE Vocabulary List

3rd Conjugation Verbs

accido accidere, accidi happen

accipio accipere, accepi, acceptus accept, take in, receive
ago agere, egi, actus do, act, drive
ascendo ascendere, ascendi, ascensus climb
bibo bibere, bibi drink
cado cadere, cecidi, casus fall
capio capere, cepi, captus take, catch, capture, make (a plan)
cognosco cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus get to know, find out
cogo cogere, coegi, coactus force, compel
conficio conficere, confeci, confectus finish, wear out
conspicio conspicere, conspexi, conspectus catch sight of, notice
constituo constituere, constitui, constitutus decide
consumo consumere, consumpsi, consumptus eat

credo credere, credidi, creditus + dative believe, trust

cupio cupere, cupivi, cupitus want, desire
curro currere, cucurri, cursus run
defendo defendere, defendi, defensus defend
descendo descendere, descendi, descensus go down, come down
dico dicere, dixi, dictus say, speak, tell
discedo discedere, discessi depart, leave
duco ducere, duxi, ductus lead, take
effugio effugere, effugi escape
egredior egredi, egressus sum go out
emo emere, emi, emptus buy
facio facere, feci, factus make, do
fugio fugere, fugi run away, flee
gero gerere, gessi, gestus wear (clothes), wage (war)
iacio iacere, ieci, iactus (in compounds - throw
icio)
incendo incendere, incendi, incensus burn, set on fire
ingredior ingredi, ingressus sum enter
intellego intellegere, intellexi, intellectus understand, realise
interficio interficere, interfeci, interfectus kill
lego legere, legi, lectus read, choose
loquor loqui, locutus sum speak, talk
mitto mittere, misi, missus send
morior mori, mortuus sum die
occido occidere, occidi, occisus kill
opprimo opprimere, oppressi, oppressus crush, overwhelm
ostendo ostendere, ostendi, ostentus show
patior pati, passus sum suffer, endure
pello pellere, pepuli, pulsus drive
peto petere, petivi, petitus make for, seek, beg/ask for
pono ponere, posui, positus put, place, set up
procedo procedere, processi advance, proceed
proficiscor proficisci, profectus sum set out
progredior progredi, progressus sum advance
promitto promittere, promisi, promissus promise
quaero quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus search for, look for, ask
rapio rapere, rapui, raptus seize, grab
reddo reddere, reddidi, redditus give back, restore

12
 GCSE Vocabulary List

rego regere, rexi, rectus rule

regredior regredi, regressus sum go back, return
relinquo relinquere, reliqui, relictus leave, leave behind
resisto resistere, restiti + dative resist
scribo scribere, scripsi, scriptus write
sequor sequi, secutus sum follow
surgo surgere, surrexi get up, stand up, rise
tollo tollere, sustuli, sublatus raise, lift up, hold up
trado tradere, tradidi, traditus hand over, hand down
traho trahere, traxi, tractus drag
vendo vendere, vendidi, venditus sell
verto vertere, verti, versus turn
vinco vincere, vici, victus conquer, win, be victorious
vivo vivere, vixi live, be alive

13
 GCSE Vocabulary List

4th Conjugation

advenio advenire, adveni arrive

audio audire, audivi, auditus hear, listen to
convenio convenire, conveni come together, gather, meet
custodio custodire, custodivi, custoditus guard
dormio dormire, dormivi sleep
invenio invenire, inveni, inventus find
nescio nescire, nescivi not know
punio punire, punivi, punitus punish
scio scire, scivi, scitus know
sentio sentire, sensi, sensus feel, notice
venio venire, veni come

Irregular Verbs

absum abesse, afui be absent, be away, be distant from

adsum adesse, adfui be here, be present
aufero auferre, abstuli, ablatus take away, carry off, steal
coepi coepisse began
eo ire, i(v)i go
fero ferre, tuli, latus bring, carry, bear
inquit he/she says, he/she said
malo malle, malui prefer
nolo nolle, nolui not want, refuse
offero offerre, obtuli, oblatus offer
pereo perire, perii die, perish
possum posse, potui can, be able
redeo redire, redii go back, come back, return
refero referre, rettuli, relatus bring/carry back, report, tell
sum esse, fui be
volo velle, volui want, wish, be willing

14
 GCSE Vocabulary List

Particles and Prepositions

a, ab + ablative (also used as prefix with from, away from, by (as prefix = away)
verbs)
ad + accusative (also used as prefix with to, towards, at
verbs)
circum + accusative around
contra + accusative against
cum + ablative with
de + ablative from, down from, about
e, ex + ablative (also used as prefix with from, out of, out
verbs)
in + ablative (also used as prefix with in, on
verbs)
in + accusative (also used as prefix with into, onto
verbs)
inter + accusative among, between
-ne indeclinable (introduces question)
num indeclinable whether
num ... ? indeclinable surely … not?
per + accusative through, along
post + accusative after, behind
pro + ablative in front of, for, in return for
prope + accusative near
propter + accusative on account of, because of
re- (prefix used with verbs) - back
sine + ablative without
sub + accusative/ablative under, beneath
trans + accusative (also used as prefix with across
verbs)

15
 GCSE Vocabulary List

Pronouns

alius alia, aliud other, another, else

alter altera, alterum the other, another, one (of two), the
second (of two)
ego mei I, me
hic haec, hoc this, he, she, it
idem eadem, idem the same
ille ilIa, illud that, he, she, it
ipse ipsa, ipsum himself, herself, itself, themselves
is ea, id this, that, he, she, it, them
meus mea, meum my
nos nostrum we, us
noster nostra, nostrum our
qui quae, quod who, which
quidam quaedam, quoddam one, a certain, some
quis? quid? who? what?
se sui himself, herself, itself, themselves
suus sua, suum his, her, its, their (own)
tu tui you (singular)
tuus tua, tuum your (singular), yours
vester vestra, vestrum your (plural), yours
vos vestrum you (plural)

Other

alii … alii some … others

et ... et indeclinable both ... and
poenas do pay the penalty, be punished
quam + superlative adverb as … as possible

16