(eBook PDF) IR: International,

Economic, and Human Security in a

Changing World 3rd Edition
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebooksecure.com/download/ebook-pdf-ir-international-economic-and-human-s
ecurity-in-a-changing-world-3rd-edition/
 Instructors:
Your time is valuable.
We’re here for you!
SAGE COURSEPACKS: OUR CONTENT TAILORED TO YOUR LMS

We make it easy to import our quality instructor and student content into
your school’s learning management system (LMS).
• NO NEW SYSTEM to learn
• INTUITIVE AND SIMPLE to use
• Allows you to CUSTOMIZE COURSE CONTENT to meet your students’ needs
• 
A variety of high-quality assessment questions and multimedia ASSIGNMENTS
TO SELECT FROM
• NO REQUIRED ACCESS CODES
CONTACT YOUR SAGE SALES REPRESENTATIVE TO LEARN MORE:
sagepub.com/findmyrep

For use in: Blackboard, Canvas, Brightspace by Desire2Learn (D2L), and Moodle

90706_TXT_00R1.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 ARCTIC OCEAN
Greenland
(Den.)
Beaufort Baffin
Sea Bay

Great Bear
Russia Lake
Great Slave
Lake
Lake
Athabasca Hudson
Bay Labrador
Bering Gulf of Canada Sea
Sea Alaska
Lake
Winnipeg
ATLANTIC
Gre
at L
ak OCEAN
North M
iss
Mi
s
es

America o

sis
sipp i R.
ur
i R.
Great Salt
Lake Middle East
United States
and North Africa

Gulf of Weste
The Bahamas
Mexico Saha

Mexico Cuba
St. Kitts & Nevis
Jamaica Haiti Dom. Rep. Antigua & Barbuda Cabo M
Belize Caribbean Dominica Verde
St. Lucia Se
Guatemala Honduras Sea St. Vincent & Barbados The Gambia
El Salvador Nicaragua Grenadines Grenada Guinea-
Marshall
Islands PACIFIC OCEAN Costa Rica Trinidad & Tobago
Guyana Bissau
Venezuela Sierra Leo
Panama Suriname
Colombia French Guiana (Fr.)
Equator Kiribati
Nauru Ecuador n R.
A mazo

Peru
Vanuatu Tuvalu
Brazil
Samoa Latin America
Bolivia
Fiji and the Caribbean Lake
Titicaca
Tonga Paraguay

Chile

Uruguay
Argentina
Tasman
Sea

New
Zealand

Bellingshausen
Sea
Amundsen Sea

Weddell
Sea

Ross Sea

Antarctica

90706_TXT_00R8.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 Russia and Central Asia

Kara Sea Laptev Sea

ARCTIC OCEAN
East
Siberian Sea
Barents
Europe Sea

Iceland Sweden Russia

Finland
R.
Norway Lena
Estonia Volga
R.
Latvia
United North Denmark Lithuania
Sea of
Kingdom Sea Lake Okhotsk
Ireland Belarus Baikal
Neth. Poland
Germany
Bel.
Liech. Czechia Ukraine Lake
Lux. Slovakia Kazakhstan
France Switz. Aust. Hun. Moldova Caspian Balkhash
Romania Sea Mongolia
Slov. Cro. Serbia Aral Sea
San Marino Bos. & Her. Bulgaria
Kos.
Black Sea Uzbekistan
Andorra Monaco Italy Mont.
Alb.
Georgia Kyrgyzstan
Portugal Armenia Azerbaijan North Sea
Spain Mac. Turkmenistan Tajikistan Korea of
erranean Greece Turkey .
Medit wR South Japan
Malta Cyprus Yello Japan
Se a Syria Korea
Tunisia Lebanon China
Morocco Israel Iraq Iran Afghanistan
ze R.
Jordan Bhutan gt East
Kuwait Yan China
Algeria
Libya Bahrain
Pakistan Nepal Sea East Asia,
Ni

Western ng
Ga

Southeast Asia,
le R

Sahara Egypt Qatar e s R.

.
Re

Saudi
U.A.E. Oman India Taiwan and the Pacific
d S

Arabia
Mauritania Arabian Myanmar Laos
ea

Mali Niger Sea Bangladesh Federated States

Eritrea Yemen Thailand Vietnam
Senegal Chad Sudan Bay of South Philippine of Micronesia
ia Burkina
Faso Bengal Cambodia China Philippines Sea
ea- Djibouti
sau
Guinea Benin Sea PACIFIC
erra Leone CôteGhana Nigeria Central South Ethiopia Sri
Liberia d'Ivoire African Rep. Sudan Lanka Brunei Palau OCEAN
Togo Cameroon Maldives Malaysia
Eq. Guinea Uganda Somalia
Rwanda Equator
Gabon Burundi
Kenya
L. Victoria
South and Singapore

São Tomé
Congo
DR of Congo Tanzania
Seychelles Southwest Indonesia Papua Solomon
and Príncipe L. Tanganyika Asia Timor-Leste
New Guinea Islands
Comoros
Sub-Saharan Angola L. Nyasa
Zambia
Africa Malawi
INDIAN OCEAN
Coral
Sea
Zimbabwe Madagascar Mauritius
Namibia
Botswana Mozambique

Australia
Swaziland
South
Africa Lesotho
Great
ATLANTIC Australian Tasman
Bight Sea
OCEAN

Australia and
New Zealand

Prydz
Bay

Ross
Sea

Antarctica

90706_TXT_00R9.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
FOR INFORMATION: Copyright  2019 by CQ Press, an Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc.
CQ Press is a registered trademark of Congressional Quarterly Inc.
CQ Press
An Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
2455 Teller Road
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
Thousand Oaks, California 91320 publisher.
E-mail: order@sagepub.com

SAGE Publications Ltd.

1 Oliver’s Yard
55 City Road
London EC1Y 1SP Printed in Canada
United Kingdom
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
Names: Scott, James M., author. | Carter, Ralph G., author. |
B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area
Drury, A. Cooper, author.
Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044
India Title: IR : international, economic, and human security in a changing world /
James M. Scott, Ralph G. Carter, A. Cooper Drury.
SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. Other titles: International relations
3 Church Street
Description: Third edition. | Los Angeles : Sage/CQ Press, 2019. |
#10-04 Samsung Hub Includes bibliographical references and index.
Singapore 049483
Identifiers: LCCN 2018006075 | ISBN 978-1-5063-9708-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: International relations—Textbooks.
Classification: LCC JZ1242 .S38 2019 | DDC 327—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018006075

Acquisitions Editor: Scott Greenan This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Content Development Editor: Anna Villarruel
Editorial Assistant: Sarah Christensen
Production Editor: David C. Felts
Copy Editor: Amy Marks
Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
Proofreader: Gretchen Treadwell
Indexer: Will Ragsdale
Cover Designer: Scott Van Atta
Marketing Manager: Erica DeLuca 18 19 20 21 22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

90706_TXT_0R10.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 BRIEF
CONTENTS

Preface xxi
CHAPTER 9. ECONOMIC
Acknowledgments xxvii
About the Authors xxxi
STATECRAFT
Sanctions, Aid, and Their
CHAPTER 1. WORLD POLITICS Consequences 262
Seeking Security in a Complicated and
Connected World 2 CHAPTER 10. INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PART I : TH E O RY AN D PR AC TI C E Relations Between the Haves and
Have-Nots 294
CHAPTER 2. THE PLAYERS AND
THE PLAYING FIELD PART IV: H U MAN S ECU R IT Y
Anarchy, States, and Non-State Actors 22
CHAPTER 11. HUMAN RIGHTS
CHAPTER 3. POWERFUL IDEAS People, Human Security, and World
Realism, Liberalism, and Politics 328
Constructivism 58
CHAPTER 12. THE GLOBAL
CHAPTER 4. ALTERNATIVE ENVIRONMENT
PERSPECTIVES ON Transnational Environmental Issues
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 90 and Human Security 360
PART I I : I NTE R NATI O NAL S ECU R IT Y
CHAPTER 13. TRANSNATIONAL
CHAPTER 5. UNDERSTANDING ADVOCACY NETWORKS
Changing the World? 390
CONFLICT
The Nature and Causes of
Conflict and War 122 PART V: LO O K I N G AH E AD

CHAPTER 6. SEEKING SECURITY CHAPTER 14. INTERNATIONAL,

Managing Conflict and War 156 ECONOMIC, AND HUMAN
SECURITY IN THE BALANCE
CHAPTER 7. BUILDING PEACE Future Directions and Challenges 414
Structures and Institutions of
Cooperation 194 Appendix of World Maps 433
Glossary 437
PART I I I : ECO N O M I C S ECU R IT Y References 447
Index 453
CHAPTER 8. THE PURSUIT OF
ECONOMIC SECURITY
Trade, Finance, and Integration 230

90706_TXT_0R11.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 DETAILED

Volkan Furuncu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

CONTENTS

Preface xxi THEORY IN ACTION: Defeating the

Acknowledgments xxvii Prisoner’s Dilemma, and Getting
About the Authors xxxi a Stag and Not a Rabbit 16
Conclusion: Seeking Security and
Contending with Challenges 17
CHAPTER 1. WORLD POLITICS Key Concepts 18
Seeking Security in a Key Terms 18
Complicated and Connected Review Questions 19
World 2 Think About This 19
For More Information . . . 19
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 3
Opening Vignette: The Meaning PART I : TH E O RY AN D PR AC TI C E
of Security 3
Introduction: Making Sense
of World Politics 3 CHAPTER 2. THE PLAYERS AND
1-1: A Complex World THE PLAYING FIELD
Connected to You 3 Anarchy, States, and
1-1a World Politics and You 4 Non-State Actors 22
1-1b Geography and the Small World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 23
Phenomenon 6
Opening Vignette: A Look at the Players:
THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Conflict and Violence in Syria 23
The Shrinking World 7
Introduction: The IR Game Board 24
1-2: The Search for Security in a 2-1: The Search for Security in a
Challenging Environment 8 Changing World 24
1-2a The Nature of Security 8 2-1a Anarchy and Interdependence 25
1-2b Fundamental Challenges: 2-1b The Security Dilemma 26
Anarchy, Diversity, and Complexity 9
2-2: The Pre-Westphalian System (Pre-1648) 27
1-3: The Levels of Analysis
2-3: The Westphalian System (1648–1989) 28
and International
Relations 11 2-3a States and Their Characteristics 29
2-3b States, Diplomacy, and
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: Negotiation in World Politics 31
Shifting Ways of Seeking Security 12
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE:
1-4: Explaining the Patterns The US Military and Its Impact
of World Politics 13 on Global Armaments 32
1-5: Dilemmas of Cooperation
SPOTLIGHT ON: Diplomatic Immunities 33
in International Relations:
The Prisoner’s Dilemma SPOTLIGHT ON: Who Represents
and the Stag Hunt 14 the United States Abroad? 33
1-5a The Prisoner’s Dilemma 14 2-3c Nations and Other Players 35
1-5b The Stag Hunt 15 THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Ethnic
Geography and Civil War in the Former
1-5c Considering the Implications
Yugoslavia 36
of the Prisoner’s Dilemma and
the Stag Hunt 15 SPOTLIGHT ON: Who Are the Afghans? 38

90706_TXT_0R12.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
Ammar Al-Bushy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

Bob Rives/Getty Images

2-3d The Evolution of the 3-2c Realism and the Important
Westphalian System 40 Resources in International Relations 69
2-4: The Neo-Westphalian System (1990–Present) 42 SPOTLIGHT ON: Military Power
2-4a The Development of Non-State Actors 43 and World Politics 70
2-4b The Rise of Non-State Actors 43 3-2d Realism and the Central Dynamics of
2-4c Globalization and Its Effects 47 International Relations 71
2-4d New Stresses on States 50 3-3: The Liberal Perspective on World Politics 72
2-4e The Changing Meaning of Sovereignty 51 3-3a Liberalism and the Nature of the
International System 73
THEORY IN ACTION: Responsible Sovereignty
and Humanitarian Interventions 53 SPOTLIGHT ON: Variants of Liberalism
Conclusion: Same Players but a Changing Field? 53 in World Politics 75
Key Concepts 54 3-3b Liberalism and the Relevant
Key Terms 55 Actors in International Relations 76
Review Questions 55 3-3c Liberalism and the Important
Think About This 56 Resources in International Relations 76
For More Information . . . 56
3-3d Liberalism and the Central
Dynamics of International Relations 77
CHAPTER 3. POWERFUL IDEAS 3-4: The Constructivist Perspective on
Realism, Liberalism, and World Politics 79
Constructivism 58 3-4a Constructivism and the Nature of the
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 59 International System 79
Opening Vignette: Explaining a 3-4b Constructivism and the Relevant
“Democratic Peace” 59 Actors in International Relations 81
Introduction: Powerful Ideas 59 3-4c Constructivism and the Important
3-1: Theory and International Relations 60 Resources in International Relations 81
3-1a Thinking Theoretically 60 FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE:
3-1b The Analytical Uses of Theory 60 Russia and Its Neighbors 82
3-1c Theory and Causation: The 3-4d Constructivism and the
Components of Theory 61 Central Dynamics of World Politics 83
3-1d Concluding Thoughts on Theory 63 Conclusion: Dueling Theories? 86
3-2: The Realist Perspective Key Concepts 87
on World Politics 63 Key Terms 88
Review Questions 89
THEORY IN ACTION: The Democratic
Think About This 89
Peace and Democracy Promotion 64
For More Information . . . 89
3-2a Realism and the Nature of the
International System 65
CHAPTER 4. ALTERNATIVE
3-2b Realism and the Relevant Actors in
International Relations 66 PERSPECTIVES ON
SPOTLIGHT ON: Variants of Realism 67 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 90
THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: LEARNING OBJECTIVES 91
Geography and Power 68 Opening Vignette: Confronting Iraq 91

90706_TXT_0R13.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
Joseph Galanakis/NurPhoto via Getty Images

OLGA MALTSEVA/AFP/Getty Images

Introduction: Alternatives to Realism, PART I I : I NTE R NATI O NAL S ECU R IT Y
Liberalism, and Constructivism 92
4-1: Foreign Policy Analysis 92
4-1a Individual Explanations of CHAPTER 5. UNDERSTANDING
Foreign Policy 94 CONFLICT
4-1b Group Explanations of Foreign Policy 95 The Nature and Causes of
THEORY IN ACTION: Are We Genetically Conflict and War 122
Coded for Violence? A Neurobiological LEARNING OBJECTIVES 123
Theory of Violence and International Opening Vignette: A Coming War Between
Relations 96 the United States and China? 123
4-1c Societal Explanations of Foreign Policy 98 Introduction: International Conflict 123
4-1d Regime Explanations of Foreign Policy 98 5-1: The Nature of Armed Conflict 124
4-1e Foreign Policy Analysis as the 5-1a War and Its Types 125
Foundation for International Relations 99
SPOTLIGHT ON: Defining War Empirically 128
4-2: Marxist Theory 100
5-1b Terrorism 128
4-2a Marxist Theory and
International Relations 101 SPOTLIGHT ON: ISIS and Modern
4-2b Marxist Theory as an Alternative Lens 102 Revolutionary Terrorism 130
SPOTLIGHT ON: Terrorism in 2016 133
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE:
Brexit: The UK Withdrawal From the 5-2: The Nature and Evolution of
European Union 104 War in World Politics 133
4-3: World Systems Theory 105 5-2a Increasing Deadliness 133
4-4: Feminism 108 5-2b More Limited Wars 134
4-4a The Impact of Women on 5-2c War in the Developing World 134
International Relations Theory 108 5-2d More Civil War 134
THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Zones 5-2e More Unconventional War 138
of Wealth and Peace? 109 SPOTLIGHT ON: “Non-trinitarian” War 139
4-4b The Impact of Women on 5-3: Why Wars Begin 139
International Relations 111
5-3a The Causes of War: Factors Leading
SPOTLIGHT ON: The Return of to Conflict 139
the Russian Bear 115 5-3b The Causes of War: Explaining
4-4c The Impact of International the Patterns 140
Relations on Women 115
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: It’s
4-4d Half of the Population but Not Lonely (and Temporary?) at the Top 143
Half of the Input 116
SPOTLIGHT ON: Rational Actors and
Conclusion 117 Bargaining Theories of War 144
Key Concepts 119
THEORY IN ACTION: Constructing the
Key Terms 119
Democratic Peace 146
Review Questions 120
Think About This 120 THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Location,
For More Information . . . 120 Interests, and Conflict 149

90706_TXT_0R14.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 EDUARDO MUNOZ ALVAREZ/AFP/Getty Images
iStock/rusm

Conclusion: The Consequences of Wars 151 Key Terms 191

Key Concepts 153 Review Questions 192
Key Terms 153 Think About This 192
Review Questions 154 For More Information . . . 192
Think About This 154
For More Information . . . 154 CHAPTER 7. BUILDING PEACE
Structures and Institutions
CHAPTER 6. SEEKING SECURITY of Cooperation 194
Managing Conflict and War 156
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 195
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 157 Opening Vignette: A New World Order? 195
Opening Vignette: Responding to Introduction: Achieving Cooperation 195
Russian Missiles? 157 7-1: Cooperation and Its Challenges 196
Introduction: Managing Conflict and
7-2: International Law: Norms and Rules
Seeking Security 157
without Central Authority 197
6-1: The Challenge of International Security 158
7-2a The Nature of International Law 197
6-1a The Security Dilemma 158
7-2b The Sources of International Law 198
6-1b The Challenge of Power 158
SPOTLIGHT ON: The Just
6-2: Realist Approaches to Security
War Tradition and International Law 199
and Conflict 159
6-2a Weapons 159 7-2c Compliance and Enforcement 200

SPOTLIGHT ON: China’s Military Spending 163 THEORY IN ACTION: The United States
and the World Court 202
THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Security
and Geography 164 FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: The
Marshall Islands, International Law,
SPOTLIGHT ON: Cyberwarfare 168
and the World Court 204
6-2b Alliances 170
7-3: International Organizations: The European
6-2c Balance of Power 171
Union, the United Nations, and Many Others 204
6-2d Using Force 172
7-3a Why Do International
SPOTLIGHT ON: Variants of Realism: Organizations Exist? 205
Deterrence after the Cold War? 176 7-3b Types of International Organizations 206
6-3: Liberal Approaches to Security and Conflict 178 7-3c Key International Organizations in
6-3a Arms Control and Disarmament 178 World Politics 209
7-3d The European Union: The Most
THEORY IN ACTION: Arms, Arms Control,
Powerful Regional Organization 212
and War 182
7-3e The United Nations 217
6-3b Collective Security 183
6-3c Security Communities and the THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY:
Democratic and Capitalist Peace 188 Can Europe Unite? 218
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: SPOTLIGHT ON: The Basic Purposes of
China’s Pursuit of Security 189 the UN 220
Conclusion: Seeking Security 190 SPOTLIGHT ON: Who Pays for All
Key Concepts 191 of This Anyway? 224

90706_TXT_0R15.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
AP Photo/Arturo Rodriguez

AP Photo/Mark Lennihan
Conclusion 226 8-4: The Global Economy Era 245
Key Concepts 227 8-4a The Modern Economy 245
Key Terms 227 8-4b Globalization and the Global Economy 248
Review Questions 227 FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: Free
Think About This 228 Trade Under Threat? 256
For More Information . . . 228 Conclusion 258
Key Concepts 259
PART I I I : ECO N O M I C S ECU R IT Y Key Terms 260
Review Questions 260
Think About This 260
For More Information . . . 260
CHAPTER 8. THE PURSUIT
OF ECONOMIC SECURITY CHAPTER 9. ECONOMIC
Trade, Finance, and Integration 230 STATECRAFT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 231
Sanctions, Aid, and Their
Opening Vignette: The Global Economy
Consequences 262
and the Resurgence of LEARNING OBJECTIVES 263
Nationalist Economics 231 Opening Vignette: Carrots and Sticks? 263
Introduction: Money Is Power 232 Introduction: Using Wealth to Influence
8-1: Money, Power, and Security 232 Other Countries 263
8-1a Complex Linkages in 9-1: Economic Statecraft 264
International Relations 232 SPOTLIGHT ON: Iran, Nuclear Weapons,
8-1b Markets and Governments: A and Sanctions 265
Sometimes Tense and 9-1a The Long History of Economic
Codependent Relationship 233 Statecraft: Money as a Carrot and a Stick 266
SPOTLIGHT ON: Levels of Interdependence 9-2: Economic Sanctions 267
and Integration 234 9-2a The Types of Economic Sanctions 267
8-2: The National Economy Era: Colonialism 9-2b Total Sanctions 271
and Mercantilism 235 9-2c A Cornucopia of Goals: The
8-3: The International Economy Era: Many Purposes of Sanctions 271
Free Trade, Liberalism, and Marxism 236 THEORY IN ACTION: Leverage, Sanctions,
THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Why Did the and LGBTI Rights 273
Europeans Colonize Asia, Africa, and the FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: Are
Americas and Not the Other Way Around? 237 Sanctions in North Korea Finally Working? 274
8-3a World (Trade) War 238 9-2d The Failure of Economic Sanctions 274
8-3b Marxism 238 SPOTLIGHT ON: Women and
8-3c Marxism Implemented 239 Economic Sanctions 276
8-3d From International to Global Economy 9-2e The Costly Consequences of Sanctions 277
Eras: The Liberal International Economic 9-3: Foreign Aid 277
Order after World War II 240 9-3a Development Aid 278
THEORY IN ACTION: Should Countries SPOTLIGHT ON: US Development
Pursue Free Trade? 243 Aid in Perspective 279

90706_TXT_0R16.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images

Dan Kitwood/Getty Images

THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Did the 10-3e Export-Led Growth 314
Berlin Wall Fall on Africa? 280 10-3f The Washington Consensus 315
9-3b Military Aid 284 SPOTLIGHT ON: Democracy and
9-3c Aid for Democracy 286 Economic Growth 316
9-3d Humanitarian Aid 288 10-3g The Millennium Development Goals
Conclusion 290 and Beyond 317
Key Concepts 290 THEORY IN ACTION: Women in
Key Terms 291 International Development 318
Review Questions 291
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE:
Think About This 291
Debt Forgiveness 319
For More Information . . . 292
10-4: International Organizations
and Development 320
CHAPTER 10. INTERNATIONAL 10-4a The International Monetary Fund
DEVELOPMENT and the World Bank 320
Relations Between the Haves 10-4b The World Trade Organization 322
10-4c The United Nations 322
and Have-Nots 294
Conclusion 323
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 295
Key Concepts 324
Opening Vignette: A Tale of Two Economies 295 Key Terms 324
Introduction: The Differences Between the Review Questions 324
Rich and the Poor 296 Think About This 325
10-1: The Wealth Gap 296 For More Information . . . 325
10-1a Our Understanding of the
Rich and Poor 297
PART IV: H U MAN S ECU R IT Y
10-1b The Countries That Have Wealth
and the Countries That Don’t 299 CHAPTER 11. HUMAN RIGHTS
10-1c The Distribution of Wealth and People, Human Security, and
Development Within Countries 301 World Politics 328
10-2: Why Are Some Countries Rich
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 329
and Others Poor? 303
Opening Vignette: Ethnic Cleansing
10-2a Natural Resources 303
in Myanmar 329
THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Does Being Introduction: Redefining Sovereignty From
in the South Make You Poor? 306 Protecting Borders to Protecting People 330
10-2b Colonial History 306 11-1: The Evolution of Human Rights 330
10-3: Development Theories and Policies 307 11-1a Individual Rights 330
10-3a Modernization 307 11-1b Societal Rights 331
10-3b Dependency Theory 308 11-1c Group Rights 332
SPOTLIGHT ON: Climate, Climate Change, THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Turmoil
and Economic Development 309 in the African Great Lakes Region 336
10-3c World Systems Theory 311 11-2: The Human Rights Regime: From
10-3d Import Substitution Industrialization 313 Norms to Rules 338

90706_TXT_0R17.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 Jeff Christensen/Liaison
iStock/Placebo365

11-3: The Challenge of Implementation and 12-2b Public and Nongovernmental

Enforcement 340 Organization Actions 377
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: The THEORY IN ACTION: Which Non-State
United States and Human Rights 341 Actors Matter Most in the
11-3a State-Based Initiatives 342 Environmental Arena? 378
11-3b International Organization-Based 12-2c International Organization Actions 379
Initiatives 348 SPOTLIGHT ON: Sea Shepherd
SPOTLIGHT ON: Women’s Rights Conservation Society 380
in Guatemala 350 FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: A Lonely
11-3c NGO-Based Initiatives 354 “Leader”? The US and Climate Change 382
THEORY IN ACTION: Protecting Human Rights: 12-3: The Challenge of Fostering Sustainable
NGOs and Humanitarian Intervention 356 Development 383
Conclusion: The Evolving Human Rights Regime 357 THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: What’s Up
Key Concepts 358 With Mountain Societies? 384
Key Terms 358 12-3a Poverty Reduction 385
Review Questions 359
12-3b Sustainable Economic Development 385
Think About This 359
For More Information . . . 359 12-3c Resource Preservation 386
Conclusion: Facing the
Environmental Challenge 386
CHAPTER 12. THE GLOBAL Key Concepts 386
ENVIRONMENT Key Terms 387
Transnational Environmental Review Questions 387
Issues and Human Security 360 Think About This 387
For More Information . . . 388
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 361
Opening Vignette: The Great Pacific CHAPTER 13. TRANSNATIONAL
Garbage Patch 361 ADVOCACY NETWORKS
Introduction: Environmental Challenges
and the Consequences of Human Actions 361
Changing the World? 390
12-1: The “Tragedy of the Commons” 362 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 391
12-1a Pollution 362 Opening Vignette: Why Do People
12-1b Deforestation 365 Still Get Polio? 391
12-1c Desertification 366 Introduction: A New Form of
International Actor? 392
12-1d Global Climate Change 366
13-1: What Are Transnational
12-1e Biodiversity Challenges 371
Advocacy Networks? 392
12-2: The Evolving Environmental Regime 373
13-2: How Do Transnational Advocacy
12-2a State Actions 373 Networks Affect Human Security? 393
SPOTLIGHT ON: Sustainable 13-2a Popularizing Ideas 394
Development Goals 375 13-2b Influencing States 395

90706_TXT_0R18.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 Introduction: Interpreting How the World Works 416
14-1: Anarchy, Diversity, and Complexity
in World Politics 417
14-1a These Challenges Are Pervasive 417
14-1b These Challenges Are Changing 418
14-1c These Challenges Are Connected 420
14-1d These Challenges Are
Not Insurmountable 421
14-2: Seeking Security 422
14-2a Traditional Military Security Concerns
iStock/chaofann

Continue but Are Evolving 423

14-2b Economic Security Concerns Gain
Importance and Are Shaped by
Globalization and Interdependence 424
14-2c Human Security Issues Are
THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY: Do Increasingly Central and Connected to
TANs Reflect Their Home Cultures? 396 Both Economic and Military Security 425
13-2c Encouraging and Enabling Cooperation 397 14-2d All Security Issues Have Heightened
Impact on Women and Children 425
FOREIGN POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE: 14-3: The Road Ahead 426
The Case of the Nigerian Schoolgirls 398
14-3a From State-Centric to
13-3: The Diverse World of Transnational Multi-Centric System 426
Advocacy Networks 399 14-3b Emerging Challenges and Dilemmas 427
13-3a Self-Oriented TANs and 14-4: Theory in Action, Geography, and
What They Do 399 Foreign Policy in Perspective 427
SPOTLIGHT ON: How Do 14-4a Theory in Action 428
Criminal TANs Develop? 402 14-4b Revenge of Geography 428
SPOTLIGHT ON: Trafficking in Human Organs 403 14-4c Foreign Policy in Perspective 429
13-3b Other-Oriented TANs and Conclusion 429
What They Do 404 Key Concepts 430
Review Questions 431
SPOTLIGHT ON: Al-Qaeda and ISIS:
Think About This 431
Global Jihadist Networks 405
For More Information . . . 431
13-3c Evaluating TANs 409
Conclusion: Transnational Advocacy Networks Appendix of World Maps 433
and the Global Future 409 Glossary 437
THEORY IN ACTION: Evaluating TANs in References 447
the International System 410 Index 453
Key Concepts 411
Key Terms 412
Review Questions 412
Think About This 412
For More Information . . . 412

PART V: LO O K I N G AH E AD

CHAPTER 14. INTERNATIONAL,

ECONOMIC, AND HUMAN
SECURITY IN THE BALANCE
Future Directions and Challenges 414
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 415
Opening Vignette: How Big a Problem
Is North Korea? 415

90706_TXT_0R19.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
90706_TXT_0R20.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB
PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI --
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 PREFACE

Making sense of the complicated events and interactions of world politics is enor-
mously challenging. As students of world politics, we want to develop familiarity with
the events and details, but we also want to see the larger patterns and develop expla-
nations for them. Our challenge is thus to blend an engaging discussion of issues and
events with a thematic and conceptual approach that helps to place them in context
and develop better understanding of their meaning, causes, and implications. In short,
we want to engage together as students of world politics not just to think about what
happens but also to understand why and how it happens.
IR: International, Economic, and Human Security in a Changing World is our
effort to do just that. This textbook offers an introduction to international relations that
can fit the typical semester course, while also supplying a rich array of relevant, enrich-
ing features that illustrate the concepts, bring home the ideas to students, and aid the
professor in stimulating discussion and interest in the topic. We anchor our effort by
writing the book in an accessible, conversational tone to engage students. International
relations can be a daunting arena to which some students cannot relate, but we believe
it is a compelling subject that can and should be approached as an exciting conver-
sation that is engaging in the same way that a good movie draws in the viewer. As
students read and think, they will find us asking them questions, pausing for reflection,
presenting problems and puzzles, and working through ideas and issues with them.
To achieve the goal of addressing events and issues in the context of broader pat-
terns and explanations, we consistently weave together treatment of issues with theory
and real-world policy concerns. Rather than introducing the theories of international
relations in extensive chapters and thick descriptions in the first section of the text
and then ignoring theory in the remaining text, as many books do, we try to present
theory and concepts clearly and thoroughly in the first section, and then (a) apply the
theoretical lenses throughout the book and (b) explicitly incorporate applications of
how theories and concepts influence real-world behavior and policy. We also stress a
problem- and theme-based approach throughout, not only to unify the chapters but
also to provide extensive pedagogical and discussion opportunities focused on under-
standing explanation, meaning, and implications of the events and issues of world
politics. In addition, we direct significant attention to who the players are, what they
want, and how they behave to keep the roles and policy behavior of key actors—both
states and non-states—central to our investigation of how and why international rela-
tions unfolds as it does. Consequently, IR is balanced in coverage, combining timeless
theoretical understanding and analysis with descriptive elements of contemporary
international realities.

xxi

90706_TXT_0R21.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
xxii IR: International, Economic, and Human Security in a Changing W

orld
The Search for Security
in a Changing Environment
This book is organized around the idea of security, but we define security broadly to
include international security, economic security, and human security. In most social
interactions, humans seek order and predictability, and that goal cannot be reached
without adequate security. This desire for security is far more important across the
globe than who is politically in charge, what form of governance is followed, or what
economic system is used. Our emphasis on the various elements of security—issues
of war and peace, wealth and prosperity, and the quality of life concerns of humans—
provides a unique grounding in what is most important in the lives of most people on
the planet. As the players of international relations seek international, economic, and
human security, the world in which they do so has evolved and changed, affecting
what they seek, how and why they seek it, and how they interact. Thus, we place our
discussions of each related area of security in the context of change and ask our stu-
dents to think about how the evolving context of world politics affects things like war
and peace, wealth and prosperity, and the quality of life concerns of humans.
To lend focus and structure, throughout all our chapters we introduce and apply
three fundamental challenges that condition the behavior, interactions, and processes
of world politics.

First, the anarchy of the international system—the fact that there is no central
authority—has pervasive effects on the nature of international conflict and the
prospects and forms of international cooperation.
Second, the diversity in the international system—the many players, ideas, cul-
tures, and political structures—has similar consequences for international inter-
actions.
Finally, the complexity of international interactions—involving multidimension-
al issues, state and non-state actors, national and transnational processes, and
other factors—generates challenges for all the players as they pursue their pre-
ferred outcomes.

The anarchic structure of the international system is a foundational element for

understanding and managing conflict and war, and it conditions global economic
interactions and the pursuit of wealth and the prospects for a human rights regime
and environmental cooperation. Diversity of identity, values, and culture is a critical
issue for human rights and human security, while also affecting conflict and economic
relations. The complexity of the global political system complicates global economic
interactions and coordination, and affects the pursuit of international security and
human security. Throughout the text, we raise questions about these challenges to
encourage critical thinking, analysis, and reflection.

Organization
Our emphasis on the security theme and these three central challenges unifies the
textbook and enables us to place description, events, and interactions into a context for
explanation and interpretation. To investigate world politics and the pursuit of secu-
rity, we organize the book into four relatively equal and balanced parts, bracketed by
introductory and concluding chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the security theme; the

90706_TXT_0R22.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 Preface xxiii

challenges of anarchy, diversity, and complexity; levels of analysis; and both the pris-
oner’s dilemma and stag hunt concepts.
In Part One we present three chapters that lay out the playing field or game board
of world politics, introduce the players and broad trends, and present the theoretical
lenses that make up our theoretical toolbox. Chapter 2 provides a historical over-
view of the international system and major actors. In the Westphalian international
system (1648–1989), anarchy reigns and state actors hold their sovereignty inviolate;
non-state actors are secondary players in most cases. In the neo-Westphalian interna-
tional system, globalization has put some parameters on anarchy and some limits on
sovereignty; non-state actors are rising in importance and rival state actors in many
instances. Chapter 3 examines how realist, liberal, and constructivist theories see,
understand, and explain world politics. Chapter 4 presents alternative lenses includ-
ing foreign policy analysis and critical approaches such as feminist and Marxist
theories, and discusses their contributions and challenges to realist, liberal, and con-
structivist approaches. With these theoretical and conceptual tools in hand, we then
turn to the substantive core of the book—three sections examining different arenas for
the pursuit of security.
Part Two focuses on international security. Chapter 5 investigates conflict and
its nature, causes, and consequences. Chapter 6 focuses on efforts to manage con-
flict and war, including arms, deterrence and alliance formation, collective security,
arms control and disarmament, and others. Chapter 7 explores efforts to build struc-
tures and institutions of cooperation that facilitate the pursuit of security through
international law and international organizations.
Part Three shifts attention to economic security. Chapter 8 emphasizes the
pursuit of wealth and prosperity and discusses international trade and the goals and
instruments of international finance and monetary relations. It also delves into glo-
balization and its consequences, costs, and benefits. Chapter 9 devotes attention to
economic statecraft and the tools states and others use to pursue economic security.
Topics include sanctions and aid and the use of these tools as threats and punishment
or as incentives and rewards. Chapter 10 concentrates on relations between richer and
poorer countries and explores the nature and causes of development, the inequalities
between and within states, and paths to economic development and security in this
context.
Part Four turns to human security. Chapter 11 focuses on human rights. Topics
covered include civil, political, economic and social rights; tensions between exter-
nally evaluated human rights and national sovereignty; and efforts at the protection of
human rights by states, international organizations, international tribunals, and non-
governmental organizations. Chapter 12 concentrates on transnational environmental
issues and challenges with which the world must grapple. Topics covered include the
challenges facing the physical environment (e.g., pollution, deforestation, desertifica-
tion, global climate change) and the international responses to them by individuals,
states, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations. Chapter 13
takes up transnational advocacy networks, collections of nongovernmental actors
crossing traditional borders and boundaries. Topics covered include the types, activ-
ities, and impact of transnational advocacy networks active in international politics—
religious, terrorist, humanitarian, economic, and others.
Chapter 14 concludes our text by reflecting on the pursuit of security in the future
and discussing the directions and challenges of world politics. In this chapter, we syn-
thesize our preceding discussions and draw some ideas and questions for reflection
that build on our main theme (seeking security) and the three core challenges the
players of world politics face as they pursue it and interact with each other.

90706_TXT_0R23.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
xxiv IR: International, Economic, and Human Security in a Changing W

orld
Features and Pedagogy
On a practical level, this textbook is explicitly organized for the instructor’s conve-
nience for term structure and testing. The four major sections are of roughly equal
length and lend themselves to be used with either four sections/exams for the class or
the more traditional midterm/final in which two sections would be covered for each
test. Further, we provide a series of features that involve either (a) critical thinking or
(b) interpreting evidence. The exercises in these features provide the professor with
considerable flexibility in how the class is run. For example, a large class with discus-
sion sections could rely on these exercises for the separate discussions, while a smaller
class could use them to illustrate concepts during a regular lecture, thereby making
the lecture itself more interactive. We regard these as “features that teach” and each
chapter includes six complementary types:

Chapter Openers. We begin each chapter with an opening vignette or puzzle

that frames the chapter topics and themes. With each, we provide some reflec-
tion questions for use in and out of the classroom.
Spotlight On. These boxed features raise topics that may need more explanation
and highlight interesting cases. Each of them presents a closer look at relevant
concepts and issues that tie the topic back into the chapter and book themes.
Theory in Action. International or world politics is the result of real people mak-
ing decisions and choices. Thus, the importance of how ideas (e.g., beliefs, values,
preferences, motivations) shape our decisions, choices, and actions is important
to emphasize. These boxed features demonstrate how ideas are directly translat-
ed into policy and action, and each ends with a set of critical thinking questions.
For students, these can take the mystery out of why they are expected to learn the
underlying theories of international politics like liberalism, realism, constructiv-
ism, and other critical theories (e.g., Marxism, world systems theory, feminism).
The Revenge of Geography. As globalization has caused national boundaries to
mean less and less, the physical realities of geography retain their importance.
These boxed features (named after Robert D. Kaplan’s 2009 Foreign Policy article
of the same title), incorporate maps, mapping exercises, and discussion ques-
tions alongside a case demonstrating how geography can influence internation-
al relations. For example, in a map of Africa we show the states and ethno-linguis-
tic groups of the continent. Along with discussion questions, this map engages
students in thinking about how competing forces (political borders and ethnic
borders) shape international politics.
Foreign Policy in Perspective. We bring student focus on how the dynamics
of international relations translate into policy and behavior with boxed features
that explore how certain actors—states (big and small) and non-states—pursue
international, economic, and human security in particular contexts. These boxes
include examples drawn from many perspectives that allow students to think
about what the players of world politics seek and how and why they do so. Each
ends with a set of critical thinking questions.
Think About This. We close each chapter with a problem or puzzle drawn from
and relating to the chapter contents. These problems are grounded in the rele-
vant concepts and present opportunities to apply theoretical lenses and analysis
and extract evidence and information from the chapters to make arguments and
explanations. Each of these chapter-enders includes a short paragraph framing a
problem and culminates in a question or puzzle to “solve.”

90706_TXT_0R24.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
 Preface xxv

Digital Resources
SAGE COURSEPACKS FOR INSTRUCTORS makes it easy to import our quality con-
tent into your school’s LMS. Intuitive and simple to use, it allows you to

Say NO to . . .
• required access codes
• learning a new system

Say YES to . . .
• using only the content you want and need
• high-quality assessment and multimedia exercises

For use in: Blackboard, Canvas, Brightspace by Desire2Learn (D2L), and Moodle

Don’t use an LMS platform? No problem, you can still access many of the online
resources for your text via SAGE edge.

SAGE coursepacks includes:

• Our content delivered directly into your LMS
• Intuitive, simple format that makes it easy to integrate the material into your
course with minimal effort
• Pedagogically robust assessment tools that foster review, practice, and criti-
cal thinking, and offer a more complete way to measure student engagement,
including:
™™ Diagnostic chapter pre tests and post tests that identify opportunities
for improvement, track student progress, and ensure mastery of key
learning objectives
™™ Test banks built on Bloom’s Taxonomy that provide a diverse range of
test items with ExamView test generation
™™ Activity and quiz options that allow you to choose only the assignments
and tests you want
™™ Instructions on how to use and integrate the comprehensive assessments
and resources provided
• Chapter-specific discussion questions to help launch engaging classroom
interaction while reinforcing important content
• Assignable SAGE Premium Video (available via the interactive eBook ver-
sion, linked through SAGE coursepacks) tied to learning objectives, and
curated exclusively for this text to bring concepts to life and appeal to different
learning styles, featuring:

™™ Topics in International Relations videos, which discuss foundational

concepts in the text
™™ IR News Clips current events to chapter content and Learning Objectives
™™ Corresponding multimedia assessment options that automatically feed
to your gradebook
™™ Comprehensive, downloadable, easy-to-use Media Guide in the Course-
pack for every video resource, listing the chapter to which the video

90706_TXT_0R25.p1.pdf Job: 90706_INB

PDF For SoftProofing 150DPI Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Softproofs / Épreuves-écran Date: Jul-05-2018 christianl
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO
REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF
WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity
that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a
replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability,
costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or
indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur:
(a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b)
alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project
Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of

Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small
donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax
exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project

Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed

editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.