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Pure Mathematics
Year 2
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CVR_MATH_PB_AL_4676_CVR 2.indd 1 4/25/19 2:01 PM
Algebraic methods 1
2 Prove by contradiction that there is no greatest Hint You prove a statement by contradiction
even number. by assuming it is not true. Then use logical
steps to show your assumption leads to
something impossible. You can then conclude
that your assumption was incorrect, and the
original statement was true.
3 Prove by contradiction that if a and b are Hint Start by assuming that there exist
integers, then a2 − 4b − 7 Þ 0. integers a and b such that a2 − 4b − 7 = 0.
Rearrange and use the fact that any odd
number can be written in the form 2n + 1,
where n is an integer.
4 Prove by contradiction that there is no smallest Hint A rational number can be written in the
positive rational number. a , where a and b are integers.
form __
b
An irrational number cannot be written in
a , where a and b are integers.
the form __
b
The set of rational numbers can be written as ℚ.
E/P 6 Prove by contradiction that there are no non-zero integer solutions to the equation x2 − y2 = 1.
(4 marks)
__
E/P 7 Prove that √ 5 is irrational. (6 marks)
E/P 8 Prove by contradiction that the difference between any rational number and any irrational
number is irrational. (6 marks)
3 Express as a single fraction in its simplest form: Hint To add or subtract two fractions,
5 2 4 5
a ___ + ___ b _____ + _____ find a common denominator.
x+3 x−1 2(x − 3) 3(x + 1)
2x 3x x+1 2x
c ___ ___
x−5−x+5 d ____ − ___
2x − 3 x + 2
4 Express as a single fraction in its simplest form: Hint You may need to factorise the
5x
_____ 3
____ 2
_______ 1
_______
a + b 2 + denominators to find the lowest
4x 2 − 9 2x − 3 x + x − 12 x 2 − 5x + 6
common multiple.
5
________ 3
_____ x−1
_______ x−2
_______
c − d −
4x 2 + 4x + 1 4x 2 − 1 x 2 + 3x + 2 x 2 − 2x − 3
x 2 + 4x + 4 ____
x2 − 4
E/P 5 Simplify _______ ÷ 2 (4 marks)
y − 6y + 9 y − 9
2
x 2 − 2x − 15 ________
x 3 − 6x 2
E/P 6 Simplify ________ × 2 (4 marks)
2x − 12
2
x − 5x − 24
2x 2 − 5x ____
3x
E/P 7 Express ______ + as a fraction in its simplest form. (4 marks)
25x 2 − 1 5x − 1
3x − 2 5
E/P 8 Express ________ − ____ as a fraction in its simplest form. (4 marks)
2x 2 − 5x − 3 2x + 1
5 40
E/P 9 f(x) = x + ___ + ________ , x ∈ ℝ, x Þ − 3, x Þ 5
x + 3 x 2 − 2x − 15
x 3 − 2x 2 − 10x + 15
a Show that f(x) = ____________ (4 marks)
(x + 3) (x − 5)
x 2 − 5x + 5
b Hence show that f(x) can be further simplified to give f(x) = _______
x−5 (4 marks)
1 + 15x − 10x 2 B C
4 Given that _________ ≡ A + ___ + ____, Hint Start by multiplying both sides by
(x − 2) (1 − 2x) x − 2 1 − 2x
(x − 2)(1 − 2x) to remove the fractions.
find the values of the constants A, B and C.
4 A B
E/P 5 Given that _________ ≡ ___ + ____, find the values of the constants A and B. (3 marks)
(x + 1) (3x − 2) x + 1 3x − 2
5x − 3
E/P 6 Express _________ in partial fractions. (3 marks)
(2x + 3) (x + 2)
3
E/P 7 Express ____2 in partial fractions. (3 marks)
9−y
33x − x 2 − 44 A B C
E/P 8 Given that _____________ ≡ ___ + ___ + ____, find the values of the constants A, B
(x − 1) (x + 5) (2x − 3) x − 1 x + 5 2x − 3
and C. (4 marks)
2x 2 − 11 B C
E/P 9 Given that ________ ≡ A + ___ + ___, find the values of the constants A, B and C.
(x + 1) (x − 2) x+1 x−2
(4 marks)
8x 2 − x + 3 1
2 g(x) = __________ , x Þ −1, x Þ __2 Hint (x + 1) is a repeated linear factor, so you
(x + 1)2 (2x − 1)
Given that g(x) can be expressed in the form need denominators of (x + 1) and (x + 1)2.
A
___ B C
+ _____ + ____, find the values of
x + 1 (x + 1)2 2x − 1
the constants A, B and C.
3
4x − 1
______ A B
E/P 3 ≡ ____ + ______2 . Find the values of the constants A and B. (3 marks)
(2x + 1)2 2x + 1 (2x + 1)
x 2 + 7x + 32 A B C
E/P 4 Given that _________2 ≡ ___ + ___ + _____2 , find the values of the constants A, B
(x − 2) (x + 3) x − 2 x + 3 (x + 3)
and C. (4 marks)
6x 2 − 13x + 15 A B C
E/P 5 Express _________ in the form __ + __2 + ____, where A, B and C are constants to
2x 3 − 3x 2 x x 2x − 3
be found. (4 marks)
x 2 − 5x + 16
E/P 6 Express ________ as a sum of partial fractions. (6 marks)
x 3 − 4x 2 + 4x
2 a Find the remainder when x2 − 5x + 9 is Hint For part b, you can use the relationship
divided by x + 1.
F(x) = Q(x) × divisor + remainder to write
x 2 − 5x + 9
b Hence, or otherwise, write _______ in F(x)
_____ remainder
= Q(x) + ________
x+1 divisor divisor
C
the form Ax + B + ___, where A, B and
x+1
C are constants to be found.
x3 − x2 − 9 D
3 Given that ______ ≡ Ax 2 + Bx + C + ___, Hint You could use algebraic long division, or
x+3 x+3
find the values of the constants A, B, C and D. you could multiply both sides by (x + 3) and
use substitution and comparing coefficients.
2x 3 − 4x 2 + 5x − 1 D
E/P 6 Given that ___________ ≡ Ax 2 + Bx + C + ___, find the values of the constants A, B, C
x−3 x−3
and D. (4 marks)
x 4 − 3x 2 + 5 C
E/P 7 Given that _______ ≡ Ax 2 + B + ____ , find the values of the constants A, B and C.
x2 + 2 x2 + 2
(4 marks)
4x 2 − 5x − 3 B C
E/P 8 Given that _________ ≡ A + ___ + ____, find the values of the constants A, B and C.
(x + 1) (2x − 1) x + 1 2x − 1
(4 marks)
Bronze
3x 2 + x − 2
a Simplify _______ (3 marks)
x2 − 1
3x 2 + x − 2 ____
1
b Hence, or otherwise, express _______ − 2 as a single fraction in its simplest form.
x2 − 1 x −x
(3 marks)
2x 2 − 3x 6
Express _______ − ______ as a single fraction in its simplest form. (7 marks)
2x 2 + x − 6 x 2 + x − 2
Gold
2x 3 + 3x 2 − 5x − 6 C
Express ___________ in the form Ax + B + _____
Dx + E where A, B, C, D and E are
3x 2 + 5x + 2
constants to be found. (9 marks)
Bronze
39x 2 − 49x + 15
Express __________ as a sum of partial fractions. (4 marks)
(3x − 2)2 (1 − x)
3x 2 − 2x + 4 B C
Show that ________ can be written in the form A + ___ + ___ and find the values of the
x2 − x − 6 x−3 x+2
constants A, B and C. (5 marks)
Gold
3x 2 + 3
f(x) = ___________
2x − 5x 2 − 4x + 3
3
The graph of y = f(x) has a vertical asymptote with equation x = −1. Use this information to
express f(x) as the sum of three fractions with linear denominators. (8 marks)
Now try this Exam question bank Q5, Q9, Q49, Q62, Q69, Q75, Q78
3 Sketch each graph and mark the coordinates Hint The graph of y = |ax + b| is the graph
of any points of intersection with the
of y = ax + b with the section of the graph
coordinate axes.
below the x-axis reflected in the x-axis.
a y = |x + 1 | b y = |2x + 1|
c y = |3x − 4| d y = |3 − 2x|
1
|
e y = __2 x + 3 | f y = −|3x + 1|
4 i For each pair of functions, sketch y = f(x) and y = g(x) on the same set of axes.
ii Hence solve f(x) = g(x). Hint You can solve f(x) = g(x) algebraically by
a f(x) = |2x − 3|, g(x) = 7 solving two equations. For example, in part a:
5 Solve the inequality |4x − 5| . 2x. Hint Solve |4x − 5| = 2x, then use sketches
Write your answer in set notation.
of y = |4x − 5| and y = 2x to work out which
values of x satisfy the inequality.
Year 1, Section 3.4
E 6 a Sketch the graph with equation y = |4x + 3|, marking the locations of any points where the
graph cuts or meets the coordinate axes. (2 marks)
b Find the values of x which satisfy |4x + 3| < 7. (2 marks)
E 7 a f(x) = |5 − 3x|. Sketch the graph with equation y = f(x), stating the coordinates of any points
where the graph cuts or meets the coordinate axes. (2 marks)
b Find the values of x for which f(x) = x. (4 marks)
a y = 5 − x2 b y = 10 − 3x
y
y
O x
O x
c y2 = x + 9 d y = sin x
y
y
O x
O x
2 State a possible domain which would make each Hint A mapping is a function if every
mapping a function and write it using function
element in the domain maps to one distinct
notation.
element in the range. This means functions
____
1
a y = √x + 2 b y = ___ c y = tan x are either one-to-one or many-to-one.
x+1
It is possible to convert some mappings into
functions by restricting the domain.
3 For each function: Hint You should only sketch the graph of
i sketch the graph of y = f(x) the function for values of x in its domain.
ii state the range of f(x) The range will be the set of y-values that
are mapped to by the function.
iii state whether the function is one-to-one or
many-to-one.
a f(x) = (x + 2)2, x ∈ ℝ, x > 0 b f(x) = 3 sin x, x ∈ ℝ, 0 < x < 180°
____
c f(x) = 2ex, x ∈ ℝ, x > 0 d f(x) = √ x − 3 , x ∈ ℝ, x > 3
f(x) = { 2
e x + 5, x ∈ ℝ, x < 0
x − 8x + 6, x ∈ ℝ, x > 0
a Sketch the graph of y = f(x). (4 marks)
b State the range of f(x). (1 mark)
E/p 7 The function g defined by g(x) = x2 − 5x + 8 has domain x ∈ ℝ, x > a. Given that g is a
one-to-one function, find the smallest possible value of the constant a. (6 marks)
h(x) = {
2 + x, x ∈ ℝ, x < 4
10x − x 2 − 17, x ∈ ℝ, x > 4
a Sketch the graph of y = h(x). (4 marks)
b State the value of h(4). (1 mark)
c State the range of h(x). (1 mark)
d Find the exact values of x for which h(x) = 5. (4 marks)
3 The functions f and g are defined by f : x ↦ |4x − 5| Hint For part b, sketch y = fg(x) and
x−1
and g : x ↦ ___ respectively. y = 2x on the same set of axes. The
2
number of points of intersection will
a Find fg(−5). b Solve fg(x) = 2x.
be the number of solutions to the
equation fg(x) = 2x.
E/p 6 The function f is defined for all real values of x as f(x) = 8 − (x − 2)2.
a State the range of f(x). (1 mark)
b Find the value of ff(−2). (3 marks)
1
E/p 7 Given that f(x) = 2x2, x ∈ ℝ and g(x) = ___, x ∈ ℝ, x Þ 1,
x−1
a state the range of f(x) (1 mark)
b find an expression for fg(x) (2 marks)
c solve the equation fg(x) = 18. (4 marks)