New Senior Secondary Mathematics (Module 2: Calculus and Algebra)

Advanced Exercise Ch. 03: Binomial Theorem

ADVANCED EXERCISE CH. 03: BINOMIAL THEOREM

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE M2 Level 3]

Q1 [CE Math 84A 3]
4

(
Expand 1 + 2 ) and express your answer in the form a + b 2 where a and b are integers. (5 marks)

Q2 [CE AMath 88II 1]

4 5
Given (1 + 3 x) (1 − 2 x) = 1 + ax + bx + higher powers of x, find the value of the constants a and b.
2
(5 marks)

Q3 [CE AMath 81I 1]

2 4 7
Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (1 + 2 x) (1 − x) . (5 marks)

Q4 [CE AMath 80II 1]

3 4 2
Expand (1 + 2 x ) (1 + 3 x ) in ascending powers of x as far as the term containing x . (5 marks)

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE M2 Level 4]

Q5 [CE AMath 92II 2]

2 n
In the expansion of (1 + 3 x) (1 + x) , where n is a positive integer, the coefficient of x is 10.
(a) Find the value of n.
2
(b) Find the coefficient of x . (5 marks)

Q6 [CE AMath 89II 1]

3
 2 
Find the constant term in the expansion of (1 + x)
10
1 −  . (5 marks)
 x 
Q7 [CE AMath 87II 1]
n
If the coefficient of x in the expansion of (1 + x + x )
2 2
is 21 and n is a positive integer, find the value of n. (5 marks)

Q8 [CE AMath 86II 2]

n
In the expansion of ( x + 2) in descending powers of x, where n is a positive integer, the coefficient of the third term is 40. Find the
2

4
value of n and the coefficient of x . (5 marks)

Q9 [CE AMath 83I 4]

4 3 2
Expand (1 + ax ) (1 − 4 x) in ascending powers of x up to (including) the term containing x .
2
Given that the coefficient of x is zero, evaluate the coefficient of x . (7 marks)

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New Senior Secondary Mathematics (Module 2: Calculus and Algebra)
Advanced Exercise Ch. 03: Binomial Theorem

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE M2 Level 5]

Q10 [CE AMath 91II 1]
8
Given that (1 + x + ax )
2 2 3
= 1 + 8 x + k1 x + k 2 x + terms involving higher powers of x.

(a) Express k1 and k2 in terms of a.

(b) If k1 = 4 , find the value of a. Hence find the value of k2 . (5 marks)

Q11 [CE AMath 90II 1]

n
Given that (1 + 2 x − 3 x )
2 2
= 1 + ax + bx + terms involving higher powers of x, where n is a positive integer.
(a) Express a and b in terms of n.
(b) If b = 63 , find the value of n. (5 marks)

Q12 [CE AMath 85II 1]

n
 1
ax + 2  is expanded in descending powers of x, where n is a positive integer and a > 0. If the fourth term of the expansion is
 x 
21
independent of x and is equal to , find the values of n and a. (5 marks)
2

Q13 [CE AMath 84II 1]

8
 2 a
In the expansion of  x +  , where a ≠ 0, the coefficient of x is denoted by Br . Find the value of a if B7 = 4 B10 .
r
(5 marks)
 x
Q14 [Misc]
n n! n n n +1
Using Cr = , show that Cr + Cr +1 = Cr +1 for any non-negative integers r and n, 0 ≤ r ≤ n .
r !( n − r )!

Q15 [Misc]
4n
 1
 is (4n)! .
Show that the constant term in the expansion of  x +
3

 x  n !(3n)!

Q16 [Misc]
n p

If ∑ (k + 1)(k + 2) = ∑ f (k ) , find p in terms of n. Also find f (k ) .

k =2 k =0

Q17 [Misc]
1 A B
(a) Find A and B if ≡ + .
x ( x + 1) x x +1
99
1
(b) Evaluate ∑ n (n + 1) .
n =1

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New Senior Secondary Mathematics (Module 2: Calculus and Algebra)
Advanced Exercise Ch. 03: Binomial Theorem

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE M2 Level 5*]

Q18 [Misc]
n n
By considering (1 + x ) , show that C0 + C1 + C2 ⋯ + Cn = 2 and C 0 − C1 + C 2 − ⋯ + (−1) Cn = 0 .
n n n n n n n n n

Q19 [Misc]
n r n
For any non-negative integers r and n with 0 ≤ r ≤ n , denote Cr as the coefficient of the x in the expansion of (1 + x ) .

n n! n n n +1
Without using the expression Cr = , show that Cr + Cr +1 = Cr +1 .
r !( n − r )!
Q20 [Misc]
For any non-negative integers r and n with 0 ≤ r ≤ n , define {Cr } by C0 = Cn = 1 and Cr + Cr +1 = Cr +1 .
n n n n n n +1

m!
Let P ( m) be the statement “ Cr =
m
for all integers r with 0 ≤ r ≤ m ”.
r !(m − r )!
(a) Show that P (0) is true.

(b) Show that if P ( k ) is true for some non-negative integer k, then P ( k + 1) is also true.
n
For any non-negative integers r and n with 0 ≤ r ≤ n , denote Ar as the coefficient of the x in the expansion of (1 + x ) .
n r
(c)

n n!
Using the results of (a) and (b), show that Ar = .
r !( n − r )!

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New Senior Secondary Mathematics (Module 2: Calculus and Algebra)
Advanced Exercise Ch. 03: Binomial Theorem

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE M2 Level 5**]

Q21 [AL PMath 87I 8]
r r
Given two positive integers n and r, let P ( x) = x + ( x + 1) + ⋯ + ( x + n) .
r

When P ( x) is written in the form P ( x) = ∑a x , show that ar = n + 1 , at = Ct (1 ) for

t r r −t r −t r −t
(a) t
+2 +⋯+ n
t =0

t = 0,1, 2, … , r − 1 .
n

(b) Let S (0, n) = n + 1 and S (t , n) = ∑m t

, where t = 1, 2, … .
m =1

r −1

Show that (n + 1) = ∑ Ct S (t , n) .
r r

t =0

(c) Use (b) to find S (1, n) , S (2, n) and S (3, n) .

[Finish the following questions if you want extra knowledge / aim at difficult questions]
Q22 [Misc]
n n n −1
Show that if Cr +1 ≥ Cr , then r ≤ .
2
Q23 [Misc]
5
Without using a calculator, estimate the value of 0.99 to 3 decimal places.
Q24 [Misc]
2 2 2 ( 2n)!
By considering (1 + x) = (1 + x) (1 + x) , show that (C0 ) + (C1 ) + ⋯ + (Cn ) =
2n n n n n n
2
.
(n !)
Answer
Q1 17 + 12√2 Q2 = 2, = −26 Q3 −11 Q4 1 + 18 + 138 + ⋯ Q5 (a) 4 (b) 39 Q6 −479
Q7 6 Q8 = 5, coeff of = 80 Q9 −42 Q10 (a) = 28 + 8 , = 56 + 56 (b) = −3, = −112
Q11 (a) = 2 , = 2 − 5 (b) = 7 Q12 = 9, = √2 Q13 2 Q16 = − 2, = +3 +4
Q17 (a) = 1, = −1 (b) Q21 (c) ! 1, = + 1 , ! 2, = + 1 2 + 1 , ! 3, = +1
"
Q23 0.951

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