STEM12G Group4 FINAL OUTPUT

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AUTOMATED FEEDING MACHINE
A Research Presented to the Fidelis Senior High School Department

First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities
2 President Laurel Highway, Tanauan City, Batangas
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Senior High School Program,
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEM Strand
Angel Dee F. Fajilagmago

Benjie L. Maloles
Roinuj G. Ovilla
Gizel Ann A. Petate
Angela Jane V. Tolentino
April 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled: “AUTOMATED FEEDING MACHINE” prepared and

submitted by Angel Dee F. Fajilagmago, Benjie L. Maloles, Roinuj G. Ovilla, Gizel
Ann A. Petate, and Angela Jane V. Tolentino, in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the Senior High School Program, Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics STEM - Strand, has been examined and recommended for oral examination.
MARIA CARMINA PEREZ

Research Teacher
Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS for Oral Defence on

April ____, 2020
MS. MARIA CARMINA PEREZ MR. ADONIS SANTOS

Member Member
Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Senior High School Program,
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEM Strand
MR. ARNALDO D. MENDOZA MR. ARNOLD I. CATAPANG

FIDELIS ASST. PRINCIPAL BES PRINCIPAL
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, the researchers would like to show and express the deepest
gratitude to our Practical Research II advisor, Ma'am Maria Carmina Perez for the
continuous support to the Proposed Research Project and throughout the entire study, for
her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped the
researchers at all times throughout the research and writing of the Proposed Research
Project, Thesis.
Beside our Practical Research II advisor, the researchers would like to pay special
regards to our Capstone advisor, Sir Adonis Santos for his immense knowledge,
encouragement, and insightful comments to the Proposed Research Project. And also, the
researchers would like to recognize the invaluable assistance that he had been given
during the study.
The members of the Proposed Research Project: Angel Dee Fajilagmago, Gizel
Ann Petate, Angela Jane Tolentino, Benjie Maloles, and Roinuj Ovilla --- for the
stimulating discussions, for the sleepless nights before deadlines, and for the fun that had
been shared along the fulfilment of the study.
Lastly, the researchers wish to thank all the people whose assistance was a
milestone in the completion of this project. It is whole-heartedly appreciated that all of
the great advice for our Proposed Research Project study proved monumental towards the
success of this study.
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DEDICATION
This study is whole-heartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who have been
our source of inspiration and who continually provide their moral, spiritual, emotional,
and financial support.
To our brothers, sisters, relatives, mentors, friends, and classmates who shared
their word of advice and encouragement to finish the study.
To our Capstone and Research teacher who helped us all through our way in
making this research study possible.
And lastly, we dedicated this paper to the almighty God, thank you for the
guidance, strength, power of mind, and skills. All of these, we offer you.
--- The Researchers ---

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ABSTRACT
Regular feeding is one of the problems in pet or animal maintenance. Owners
often forget to feed their pet or animal because of their work. Automatic feeders are
widely used in animal experiments, particularly in feeding the animal. In this paper the
researchers proposed a feeding machine that can automatically feed the pet or animal
without the presence of the owner, giving convenience and more time to the owner on
their work fields. The main objective of this proposed research project is pinpointing to
constitute a machine that automatically feeding the pet or animal from frequent interval
of time for the convenience of the owner and for maintaining the pet or animal health
diet. This study used quantitative research method as their method to indicate the analysis
of the data gathered and under this method is the descriptive-survey for their research
design. The sampling technique that is used in this study is purposive sampling, relying
on their criteria on who will be the one is applicable for the research study. The
researchers chose Fidelis Students, particularly Grade 11 STEM Strand as their
respondents followed by the criteria which who owns a pet or animal that eats dry foods,
that suits to the use and design of the automated feeding machine.
KEYWORDS: Automatic Feeder, Machine, Pet or Animal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii
DEDICATION iv
ABSTACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
CHAPTER 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the Study 3
Scope and Delimitation 4
Theoretical Framework 4
Conceptual Framework 6
Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature 8
Research Literature 11
Synthesis 13
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design 15
Respondents of the Study 16
Data Gathering Instrument 17
Data Gathering Procedure 17
Statistical Treatment 18
REFERENCES 28
APPENDICES
Letter to the Respondents 30
Informed Consent 31
Survey Questionnaire 32
Approval Letters 34
Tool for Validity 39
CURRICULUMVITAE 41
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page

1 Distribution of Respondents 16
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
1 Research Paradigm of the Automated Feeding Machine 6

2 Arduino UNO 20
3 Servo Motor 20
4 GSM Module 21
5 Pneumatic Slide Gate Valve 22
6 Load Cell Weight Sensor 22
7 Connecting Wires 23
8 Flowchart of the Automated Feeding Machine 25
9 Block Diagram of the Automated Feeding Machine 26
10 Sketch of the Automated Feeding Machine 27
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This part of the chapter depicts all of the imperative information and data.
Comprehending the introduction of the research project, objectives of the study, as well
as the goals of the whole study, thus showing the process and the framework, and
discussing the similarities and importance of the whole research project.
Introduction
Modernization age, wherein technology being ubiquitous, innovations are
inevitable, and advancement of technologies are rapidly altering throughout the nick of
time, thus daily activities of humans are anticipated to be far more accessible and bare.
Necessities of automated machines are widespread, substituting efforts and degrading
human intervention. An article titled, “Animal Nutrition and Digestion” by Oklahoma
Department of Career and Technology (n. d.) stated that, “relating time-to-time human
activities regarding taking care of animals or adaptation of pets, feeding and proper
nutrition for the animals are an important part of the process that comes with
responsibility, considering it to be far most intensive chore to do as an owner. Animals
that do not receive proper nutrition are more likely to develop related health and
reproductive problems, and be less productive and marketable. Nutrition is important to
have healthy animals, and, in turn, healthy animals help ensure profitability in
agricultural operations.”
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Affiliation of humans between animals or their pets are far more superior and
beyond sincere throughout the nick of time. According to the American Veterinary
Medical Association (AVMA) the human-animal bond is defined as, “a mutually
beneficial and dynamic relationship between people and animals. Indeed, humans have
benefitted from this unique connection for thousands of years. Animals were so essential
to the daily lives of early humans that there is evidence we may not have survived or
thrived without them. Anyone who has ever had a pet or working animal probably does
not need a scientific definition of the bond shared. The connections humans share with
their dogs, cats, birds, fishes, or any other animal, go deeper than words.” Humans are
fascinated to have animals or adopt their own pets and dwell at the same roof. Yet these
animals or pets have to be taken care properly in order to grow and survive. To name a
few, their feeding time and proper nutrition must be on time and must be taken care of by
their owners. Due to assiduous schedule and absence of time management leads to failure
of paying concentration to the animal or to the pet’s befitting feeding time.
The proposed research project addresses an Automated Feeding Machine for a
household that ensures the animal or pet’s befitting feeding time on frequent interval of
time. The machine is composed of a two (2) food storages that holds the food of the
animal or pet for owners that has two (2) different animals or pets that dwell within the
same household, a servo motor for proper distribution of food that is set for a precise
animal or pet of the owner, a dispenser for dispersion of the food, and a two (2) feeding
bowls wherein the food will be dispensed in for the animal or pet to eat. Likewise to all
other machines, the automated feeding machine is programmed through Arduino for the
automated controlling of the operating system throughout. Also, the machine has a GSM
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Module that can be connected over a smart phone for the convenience of the owner
regarding to the status of the machine such as setting precise control over the time
schedule of when the pet should eat, the amount of food that can be dispense and
automatically sending a message to the owner if the food storage is almost empty.
Research Problem and Objective
The proposed research project’s pinpointing to constitute a machine that
automatically feeding the animal or pet from frequent interval of time for the
convenience of the owner. As follows are the objectives of the research project.
1. To substitute efforts and degrading human intervention making their doings
more facile and having more time on other work fields.
2. To feed the animals or pets from frequent intervals of time even without the
presence of their owners making it more convenient for the owners.
3. To measure and consign the right portion of food for proper nutrition of the
animal or pet.
Significance of the Study
This part of the chapter agitates the significance of the research project, the
Automated Feeding Machine. Within this, the researchers believed that this can bring
importance on the following:
Animal or Pet Owners. The proposed research project can minimize human
intervention in manually feeding the animals or pets from frequent time intervals.
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Researchers. The research study may serve as a guideline for other researchers
that would embark on the similar study.
Future Engineers, Electrical Engineers. This can be beneficial for the Electrical
Engineer students that will undertake related research project about feeding system,
microcontroller technology.
Scope and Delimitation
The proposed research project focuses on evaluating the efficiency and the
performance of the innovated automated feeding machine.
The research project purely focuses in contriving an automated feeding machine.
The research project, the machine is limited to be only use for household animals or pets
that focuses only on small number of animals or pets such as a maximum of two (2) same
or various animal or pet. The machine can dispose food automatically on frequent time
intervals for the convenience of the owner yet the disposal of the food that been left-over
will be manually dispose by the owner on such notice that the machine cannot dispose the
left-over food manually done by the animal or pet. The machine is also weather condition
sensitive, meaning the machine must be indoors for proper functionality and may not
function well outdoors.
Theoretical Framework
Automation plays a big role in our society in today’s generation. It is creation of
technology and its application in order to control and monitor the production and delivery
of various goods and services. It performs tasks that were previously performed by
humans. Automation is being used in a number of areas such as manufacturing, transport,

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utilities, defence, facilities, operations and lately, information technology (Technopedia,
2019). As stated by Groover, M. (2017), in his article titled “Automation” there are three
(3) principles and theories of automation that is: (1) A source of power to perform some
actions, (2) feedback controls, and (3) machine programming.
Power Source. An automated system is designed to accomplish some useful
action, and that action requires power. There are many sources of power available, but
the most commonly used power in today’s automated systems is electricity. Electrical
power is the most versatile, because it can be readily generated from other sources
(e.g., fossil fuel, hydroelectric, solar, and nuclear) and it can be readily converted into
other types of power (e.g., mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic) to perform
useful work. In addition, electrical energy can be stored in high-performance, long-life
batteries.
Feedback Controls. Feedback controls are widely used in modern automated
systems. A feedback control system consists of five basic components: (1) input, (2)
process being controlled, (3) output, (4) sensing elements, and (5) controller and
actuating devices. The input to the system is reference value, or set point, for the system
output. In other feedback systems, the process might be a manufacturing operation or any
of a variety of other processes to which power is applied. The output is the variable of the
process that is being measured and compared to the input. The sensing elements are the
measuring devices used in the feedback loop to monitor the value of the output variable.
The purpose of the controller and actuating device in the feedback system is to compare
the measured output value with the reference input value and to reduce the difference
between them.
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Machine Programming. The programmed instructions determine the set of actions
that is to be accomplished automatically by the system. The program specifies what the
automated system should do and how its various components must function in order to
accomplish the desired result. Programming commands are related to feedback control in
an automated system in that the program establishes the sequence of values for the inputs
(set points) of the various feedback control loops that make up the automated system.
Conceptual Framework
This part of the chapter describes the conceptual design of the research project.
Divided into three parts; the input, the process, and the output.
Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Automated Feeding Machine
There are mainly three (3) functionality components in this research project. First,
the Wi-Fi Module controls the management of the system, the timer that is been precisely
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set by the owner. Second, the machine will automatically dispense the food based on the
right time that is been set by the owner programmed by Arduino. Third, the servo motor
will indicate the right portion of the food that has been dispensing by the machine.
Definition of Terms
The following word terms are defined conceptually to relate the researchers and
future researchers on understanding the research study.
Arduino. An open-source electronics platform or board and the software used to
program it. Arduino is designed to make electronics more accessible to artists, designers,
hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Servo Motor. An electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great
precision. If you want to rotate and object at the same specific angles or distance, then
you use servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which run through servo
mechanism.
GSM Module. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a chip or
circuit that will be used to establish communication between a mobile device and a
computing machine.
Load Cell Weight Sensor. A load cell is a type of transducer, specifically
a force transducer. It converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque
into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized.

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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this chapter of the proposed research project, researchers agitated the various
data from articles, books, theses, and on the internet in which where used as relation for
the completion of this research project study. Comprised of related literature in which
helped the researchers to gain ideas and deep knowledge and understanding about the
proposed research project.
Conceptual Literature
Throughout the inevitable innovation of technologies from the nick of time,
automated feeding machines has become a convenience for the owners’ activities for
their animals or pets such as feeding from frequent time intervals.
Relation to the proposed project “Time Controlled Feeding Device for Domestic
Pets” by Sweeney, R. V. (2015), he proposed that another early automatic feeder, the
Kenl-Master: a covered food plate for dogs which pops its lid at feeding time if you
remember to set its alarm-clock timer. This is apparently intended to suggest that dogs in
the 2010s tried to push dinner time up a bit, just as every dog I have ever owned has tried
to do. The feeder does not turn up in any of the trade catalogs or magazines in my
collection. Alliance to the proposed research project, “Kum Pet Feeder: Feeding Device
for Animals” by Frankel, J. (2015), he illustrates that a wind-up alarm clock, mounted
flush into a galvanized metal frame, is set with the time for pet’s meal. When mealtime is
reached, the tension unwinding spring that operates the clock’s alarm also spins a metal
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spool that winds up a string. The string is attached to the underside of the metal feeding
dish under the cover, kept in place by a cut-out in the metal base.
Commerce to the project titled “Pet Feeder” by Coffing and Danville (2012), they
proposed that the chief object of this invention is to provide a device of the character
indicated in which will intermittently and successively expose compartments containing
food, etc…, at predetermined intervals such as once or twice a day and for several days,
say, over a period of a week. Correspond to the proposed project, “Automatic Feed
Distribution Apparatus for Animals” by Vittuari et al. (2013), an automatic distribution
apparatus to supply consumables to animals, particularly to cats and dogs, which can be
fed without needing a owner’s presence by means of card programmed accordingly on an
operator’s control panel. Such consumables can include anhydrous food in pellet from or
a liquid such as water. The apparatus according to the teachings of the invention features
a new and novel advance in the field with regard to passive mechanical operations
through of volumetric screw feeder having a horizontal axis which ensures regular
precise feeding operation even if the average size of pellets vary.
As stated by Lewis (2013) in his study titled, “Pet Feeding System”, his invention
relates generally to pet feeding systems, and more particularly to pet feeding systems for
multiple pet households; the invention allows access to food contained in a pet feeder
only when a unique signal is detected by a transceiver positioned in the pet feeder. The
present invention addresses these problems by providing a pet feeding system which
allows only the intended pet to have access to pet stored in the dish intended for that pet,
and prevents all pets in the household from eating food which is not intended for them.
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The pet feeder comprises a base, a feeding bowl with pie shaped divisions, a timer
module, a bowl cover, handle to bowl cover and locking mechanism to hold the entire
unit place. This invention relates to an integrated automatic device for training and
feeding pet which also functions as a playmate while the owner is absent or otherwise
engaged. It compromises a toy holder which when actuated by an ejector throws a toy
placed therein to a predetermined distance. This toy holder is actuated by a spring
connected to a spring tensioner and a rotating shaft activated by a motor programmed by
microprocessors (Krishnamurthy, 2014). It is stated in a study of Chan (2014) titled
“Automated Pet Feeder”, an automated pet feeder is described that allows portions of pet
food to be placed into cavities in a rotatable food bowl and to be made accessible to a pet
at predetermined feeding times. A lid with an opening for exposing one of the cavities is
positioned above the bowl. A base unit that supports the bowl is configured to rotate the
bowl while the lid remains stationary and to monitor the position of the bowl.
Alliance to the proposed project by Stoney (2014) titled “Internet Controlled Pet
Feeder”, the invention provides automated, multi-meal pet feeding apparatuses for use by
pet owners and caretakers. Such apparatuses may include a communications module for
connection to a communications network, such as the Internet, so that functions of the pet
feeder, such as feeding times, can be programmed or otherwise controlled from a remote
location. The apparatuses may also include a built-in digital camera with or without
microphone so that a pet’s feeding activity and environment can be monitored remotely.
As stated in a study by Vania et al. (2016), titled “Smart dog Feeder Design Using
Wireless Communication, MQTT and Android Client” this device can provide regular
feeding without disrupting owner’s work. Owners can monitor feeding process with their
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Android smart phone virtually. Smart Dog Feeder can give authentication with RFID, set
feeding time and portion per serving through Android smart phone, send feeding report
(eaten or partially eaten), and dog arrival when the feeding time has arrived. In a study by
Goh (2018), titled by “Remote Controlled Movable Pet Feeder Device”, a pet feeder
device whose movements and dispensing/feeding times can be controlled remotely by a
software application on a computing device, comprising: a wireless transceiver
configured to send and receive data packets over a wireless network; at least one food
storage compartment; a locomotive device; and a control system configured to:
communicate with the wireless transceiver; control operation of the locomotive device in
order to cause movement of the pet feeder device; and control access to the food storage
compartment.
Research Literature
A study titled “Arduino based Food and Water Dispenser for Pets with GSM
Technology Control”, GSM is used to receive signal from the owner’s phone. When the
owner sends a message to the device at home, servo motor and solenoid valve will be
activated. Servo motor will rotate and valve will be opened for the food and water to be
dispersed. After the process is done, a text message will be sent to the owner, informing
the successful feeding. The idea was to help people with busy schedules for their pets.
Relation to the research paper titled “Smart Fish Feeder”, the system uses a GSM module
as a receiver of command from the user to clean the fish tank once the water becomes
dirty. The system act as to maintain the fishes easily even without the physical presence
of the owner. The owner sends command from mobile to the microcontroller, and then
executes command given by the user.

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As stated to the research paper titled “Pet Feeding System Using Raspberry Pi and
GSM”, the concept came from pet owners that are not always at home. One main
responsibility a pet owner must do is the pet’s health. Make sure that the pet does not
starve when the owner is not at home. By using a Raspberry Pi and GSM Technology, a
pet feeding system was developed. Using a GSM is one of the useful features of the
device; it is used to receive data coming from the owner. Most pet feeders used GSM
rather than Wi-Fi because GSM is more convenient and reliable to use. Alliance to the
research paper titled, “Raspberry Pi controlled SMS-Update-Notification (SUN) System”
the proponents used SMS as the module that notifies the user because it is cheap and the
best way for sending information through mobile. The idea of SUN is to use GSM
module and raspberry pi to send SMS from anywhere from the authorized person that
sends command. Correspond to a paper titled “Mobile Phone controlled Farm
Management Aider in India”, there are lack of proper monitoring and efficient control in
farming. The proponents used Raspberry Pi, GSM, and sensors to make a cost effective
prototype to make the farming and understanding of specific concerns more easily. They
used Raspberry Pi as a monitoring system with the use of sensors which gathered data
sent to raspberry pi. The GSM will send information to the users of the farm.
In a research paper titled “NutriPet: A Smart Pet Feeding Machine for SNS”, the
idea is for pets to post in social media with the use of camera, pedal, and an internet
connection. These are all connected and controlled by raspberry pi that connects to the
internet and upload data given by the camera and the pedal. Commerce to a research
paper titled “Using Raspberry Pi and GSM Survey on Home Automation”, the idea was
to make a home automation system that can be controlled by smart phones. The
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proponents used raspberry pi as a system that connect smartphones as input and motors as
output. The motors can be controlled whether the motors will be on or off, which will
vary by the user or owners command using the smart phone. It is stated in a research
study titled “Wireless Sensor Network System using Raspberry Pi and Zigbee for
Environmental Monitoring Applications”, the proponents used raspberry pi as a base
station that connects the sensors via Zigbee protocol. The Zigbee protocol collects the
data gathered by sensors and also sends the data again from sensor to raspberry pi. The
raspberry pi can send and collect multiple data given by the sensor and can supply multi-
clients.
Synthesis
The automated feeding machine has been a convenience to every pet owner and
their pets, with the use of technologies, we are able to make or design a product that is
perfectly fitted for feeding pets or animals. With the help of this product that we called
automated feeding machine or more likely a pet feeder, this product just not benefits the
pet owner but also the pet or animal. With the use of this pet feeder, just by putting the
pets food on the feeders food storage, setting the time when the pet will eat and by setting
the right amount of food that should be given to the pet, the pet owner can now feed their
pet with no hassle. By the advancement of technology in the present time, there are many
research studies that have been conducted about creating and designing an automated
feeding machine. In relation to the previous studies about automated feeding machine, it
shows the differences of every research studies about the design and function of the pet
feeder. The designs and functions of the pet feeder since the first time it was created was
improving from time to time, with the inevitable innovations of technology through the
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nick of time, there are many automated feeding machines that has been developed and
created that is very useful to every pet owner. The previous studies about pet feeder is
very relevant to the researchers proposed project, this data or information that the
researchers gathered will serve as the supporting facts or evidences to the study that the
researchers will be conducting, by this facts it will able to support the researchers claim
in their proposed research project.

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the methodology which is used in conducting the research
study. This includes the research design, respondents of the study, data gathering
instruments, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment.
Research Design
This study applied quantitative method of research which relies on the collection
and analysis of numerical data to describe, explain, predict, or control variables and
phenomena of interest (Gay, Mills, & Airasian, 2011). As part of the quantitative method,
the researchers used descriptive-survey research design. The purpose of descriptive
studies is to describe and interpret the current status of individuals, settings, conditions,
or events (Mertler, 2014). In descriptive research, the researcher is simply studying the
phenomenon of interest as it exists naturally; no attempt is made to manipulate the
individuals, conditions, and events. Through this method, the researchers were able to
identify the opinions of the respondents towards the proposed project Automated Feeding
Machine. As stated by Regoniel (2015), the data obtained using quantitative methods are
organized using tables, graphs, or figures that consolidate large numbers of data to show
trends, relationships, or differences among variables. This fosters understanding to the
readers of the study.

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Respondents of the Study
The study was conducted at First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities. In
gathering the data needed in this study, participants were selected from the population of
Grade 11 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students of
Fidelis Senior High using purposive sampling. Purposive sampling, also known as
judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, is a form of non-probability sampling in
which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members of the population
to participate in their study. Researchers use purposive sampling when they want to
access a particular subset of people, as all participants of a study are selected because
they fit a particular profile (Foley, 2018). The criterion in choosing the participants is:
Grade 11 STEM Students of Fidelis Senior High who own a pet or animal in their house.
They are chosen as respondents since they own a pet or animal which is they are the ones
who is fitted to use the Automated Feeding Machine.
Table no. 1. Distribution of Respondents

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Data Gathering Instrument
The researchers used a survey-questionnaire as the tool necessary for collecting
the data. It was self-conceptualized and was assessed by Research teachers for validation.
The questionnaire is composed of four (4) categories: functionality, design, benefit, and
disbenefit of the proposed product, with five (5) statements in every one (1) category,
which reflects the students’ insights about the proposed project Automated Feeding
Machine. The respondents were instructed to check the options which correspond to their
opinions. To measure the extent of students’ insights about the proposed project, the
researchers used the Four-Point Scale: 4 – Strongly Agree, 3 – Agree, 2 – Disagree, 1 –
Strongly Disagree. The said scale, also called as summated rating scale is a type of
assessment instrument comprising a series of statements measuring the same construct or
variable to which respondents indicate their degree or agreement or disagreement
(American Psychological Association, 2018). The key advantage of multi-item scales is
they provide more reliable scores and they produce more variability, which helps the
researcher make finer distinctions among the respondents (Johnson & Christensen, 2019).
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers administrate a preliminary survey among the population of
Grade 11 STEM Students of Fidelis Senior High in order to determine the student who
owns a pet or animal. After purposely distinguishing the sample size, a survey
questionnaire which is researcher-based is prepared and assessed by the consultants prior
to validation. As the research instrument was validated, a letter of consent created by the
researchers was foster to the Basic Education Schools (BES) principal of FAITH with
intent of asking for consent to administer the study. After approval, an informed consent
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was given to the eighty-nine (89) participants. The questionnaires were distributed
through the participants during their vacant classes and were reacquired the same day to
cultivate a higher return percentage of the research instrument.
Statistical Treatment
The researchers used a descriptive analysis in analyzing the data collected from
the responses of the respondents. The data gathered were tallied, tabulated, and analyzed
through the use of the following statistical tools:
Weighted Mean. Weighted mean was used to assess the functionality, design and
architecture, benefits and overall satisfaction of the product by averaging or getting the
average of the responses. This has been used to know the average of all answers and
compute the result of the gathered data. Below is the formula for the weighted mean.
∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑥=
𝑁
Where:
∑ = Summation
f = Weight
𝑥 = Value
N = Sample Size
Composite Mean. Composite mean was also used to get the mean of the weighted mean
to establish the whole response and information regarding the product.
∑ 𝑥
𝑋𝐶𝑀 =
𝑁
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Where:
𝑋𝐶𝑀 = Composite Mean
∑ = Summation
N = total number of respondents in the set
Product Development
This part contains the technical study of the proposed project that is the hardware
and software information, flowchart and block diagram.
Hardware Components
The hardware of the product coincide all the components needed and used in
Automated Feeding Machine. The integration of each component plays a significant role
in the product proposal.
Arduino Uno
Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital
input / output pins (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six analog inputs, a 16
MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a rest
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to
a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started.
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Figure 2. Arduino Uno (Arduino Uno R3)
Servo Motor
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great
precision. If you want to rotate and object at some specific angles or distance, then you
use servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which run through servo mechanism.
If motor is used is DC powered then it is called DC servo motor, and if it is AC powered
motor then it is called AC servo motor.
Figure 3. Servo Motor (SG90 Servo Motor)

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GSM Module
A Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) module or a GPRS module
is a chip or circuit that will be used to establish communication between a mobile device
or a computing machine and a GSM or GPRS system. These modules consist of a GSM
module or GPRS modem powered by a power supply circuit and communication
interfaces (like RS-232, USB 2.0, and others) for computer. A GSM modem can be a
dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, or it can be a
mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.
Figure 4. GSM Module (SIM900 GSM Module Arduino)
Pneumatic Slide Gate Valve
A slide gate is a component that fits into a system specifically engineered to
handle dry bulk powders, pellets, and granules. Slide gate valves are linear motion
valves in which a flat plate slides into the flow stream to provide a shut-off of material or
air. The gate can close or open the slide plate on a moving column of material at all
times.
22
Figure 5. Pneumatic Slide Gate Valve
Load Cell Weight Sensor
A load cell is a type of transducer, specifically a force transducer. It converts a
force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can
be measured and standardized. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the
electrical signal changes proportionally. The most common types of load cell used are
hydraulic, pneumatic, and strain gauge.
Figure 6. Load Cell Weight Sensor (CHENBO 5kg Load Cell Weight Sensor)
23
Connecting Wires
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit
to another because electricity needs a medium through which it can move.
Figure 7. Connecting Wires
Software Development
The overall machine’s system is fully functioning by Arduino Uno, the center and
the brain of the entire whole system. Software development, part of the research paper
wherein it contains about the process of each of the components such as automatically
programmed to feed the animal or pet and application of GSM module throughout the
end of the process.
a. Requirement Analysis and System Design
The proposed research project’s system requirement is to be automatically able to
dispense the animal or pet’s food from frequent interval of time that has been certainly
set by the owner for their convenience. On the machine system’s advancements, the
24
system utilizes GSM module for sending an alert SMS or messages notifying the owner
throughout the entire process of operation of the system machine.
On the start of the process of the operation, the machine’s system firstly checks if
the storage of the machine has enough portion of food for the animal or pet to dispense
using load cell weight sensor. If the load cell weight sensor measures that the machine do
not have enough food to dispense for the animal or pet at the certain time frame, the
system sends an alert SMS to the owner notifying that the machine cannot dispense the
right amount portion of the food to the animal or pet using the GSM module. If the load
cell weight sensor measures that the machine has enough portion of food for dispensing,
the system process will go through the feeding schedule that has been certainly set by the
owner. If the feeding schedule is not yet attained at the time frame, the machine
automatically start the process entirely. If the feeding schedule is attained at the set time
frame, the machine will dispense the right portion of food for the animal or pet to eat
using servo motor that is composed of pneumatic slide gate valve for dispensing the
portion of food. Overall, the machine’s system is programmed to the microcontroller –
Arduino UNO for its automation and all hardware components acts as input and output of
the machine throughout the entire process of the machine operation.

25
b. Flowchart
Figure 8. Flowchart of the Automated Feeding Machine

26
Block Diagram
Figure 10 shows the overall block diagram of the Automated Feeding Machine.
Figure 9. Block Diagram of the Automated Feeding Machine
Block Diagram
The block diagram a diagram showing in schematic form the general arrangement
of the parts or components of a complex system or process, such as an industrial
apparatus or an electronic circuit. In the Figure 9, it shows the block diagram of the
automated feeding machine. The Arduino Uno is the one responsible for making the
operations of the systems. It will be the one to make the whole system work, connected
with the servo motor that is connected to the slide gate valve that will be used for
dispensing the food and the weighing module is the one responsible for measuring the
right portion or amount of food that will be dispense in the food plate. While, the GSM
27
module is the one responsible for sending notification through message text, informing
the owner about the status of the food storage and the feeding schedule.
Figure 10. Sketch of the Automated Feeding Machine

28
Materials used:
1. Arduino (Arduino Uno R3)
2. Connecting wires
3. Servo Motor (SG90 Servo Motor)
4. Weighing Module (5kg Load Cell Weight Sensor)
5. Food Storage (Glass)
6. Food Plate
7. Water Container (Plastic Bottle with a Tube)

29
REFERENCES
American Psychological Association (2018). Summated Rating Scale. Retrieved from
http://dictionary.apa.org/summated-rating-scale
Animal Nutrition and Digestion (n. d.) Retrieved from
https://www.okcareertech.org/educators/cimc/free-samples/ag-cluster/pdf-
files/ag2student.pdf
Cabaltera, M. et al. (2018). GSM Controlled Dog Feeder and Automatic Water Dispenser
using Raspberry Pi. LPU-Laguna Journal of Engineering and Computer Studies, 4 (1),
27-37. Retrieved from
https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/3-GSM-CONTROLLED-
DOG-FEEDER-AND-AUTOMATIC-WATER-DISPENSER-USING-RASPBERRY-
PI.pdf
Deep Connections: The Power of the Human-Animal Bond (2016). Retrieved from
https://www.lonetreevet.com
Foley (2018). Purposive Sampling. Retrieved from
https://www.surveygizmo.com/resources/blog/purposive-sampling-101/
Goh, J. (2018). Remote Controlled Movable Pet Feeder. Retrieved from
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2018107113
Grier, K. (2015). The Kum-Pet Dog and Cat Feeder, 1947. Retrieved from
https://thepethistorian.com/2015/04/22/the-kum-pet-dog-and-cat-feeder-1947/
Groover, M. P. (2017). Principles and Theory of Automation. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation
Heil, R. et al. (2010). The Smart Pet Feeder. Retrieved from

30
http://www.rachelheil.com/courses/JrDesign/Proposal.pdf
Kank, A. and Gaikwad (Mohite), V. (2018). Automatic Pet Feeder. Retrieved from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3274472
Quantitative Research Method. (2016). Retrieved from
https://us.sagepub.com
Regoniel (2015). Quantitative Methods, Meaning and Characteristics. Retrieved from
https://simplyeducate.me/2015/01/03/quantitative-methods-meaning-and-
characteristics/
Tiwari et al. (2018). Automatic Pet Feeder Using Arduino. International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 7 (3), 2891-2897. Doi:
10.15680/IJIRSET.2018.0703149. Retrieved from
http://www.ijirset.com/upload/2018/march/149\\_Automatic%20Pet%20Feeder%
20Using%20arduino%20IJ70303199.pdf
Vania, Karyono, K. and Nugroho. (2016). Smart Dog Feeder Design Using Wireless
Communication, MQTT and Android Client. International Conference on Computer,
Control, Informatics and its Applications, 191-196. Doi: 10.1109/IC3INA.2016.7863048.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314105271_Smart_dog_feeder_design_
using_wireless_communication_MQTT_and_Android_client
31
APPENDIX A
LETTER FOR RESPONDENTS
Dear Respondent,
Good day! We, the Grade 12 STEM students, are currently conducting a quantitative
research study entitled “Automated Feeding Machine”. We are hoping for your
participation and cooperation by being one of the respondents of our study. We rest
assured that all the data coming from our respondents will be handled with utmost
confidentiality. Thank you very much and God bless.
--- The Researchers ---

FAJILAGMAGO, ANGEL DEE F.
MALOLES, BENJIE L.
OVILLA, ROINUJ G.
PETATE, GIZEL ANN A.
TOLENTINO, ANGELA JANE V.
32
APPENDIX B
INFORMED CONSENT
Automated Feeding Machine
I ____________________ voluntarily agree to participate in this research study.

I understand that even if I agree to participate now, I can withdraw at any time or
refuse to answer any question without any consequences of any kind.
I understand that I can withdraw my permission to use my responses in the
questionnaire within two weeks after the data collection in which case the material will
be deleted.
I understand that the purpose of the study is to constitute a machine that automatically
feeding the animal or pet without the presence of the owner by setting frequent interval of
time, for the convenience of the owner.
I understand that the participation involves answering questionnaire about Automated
Feeding Machines.
I understand that I will not benefit directly from this research.
I understand that there are no anticipated risks to my participation.
I understand that all information I provide for this study will be treated confidentially.
I hereby declare that I have read and understood this informed consent well enough
before willingly and voluntarily signing this document.
Name of Student: ________________________________________________________

Signature: _______________________________________________ Date: __________
For below 18 years old…

With my/our consent: _____________________________________________________
(Signature over Printed Name of Parent/Guardian, Date)
33
APPENDIX C
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Automated Feeding Machine
Researcher-Made Questionnaire
Name: _________________________________________________________________
Section: ________________________________________________________________
Directions: Please check (√) and rate honestly your insights about the proposed based on
the given statements using the following scales:
4 – Strongly Agree 3 – Agree 2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly Disagree

34
Prepared by:
Fajilagmago, Angel Dee F.
Maloles, Benjie L.
Ovilla, Roinuj G.
Petate, Gizel Ann A.
Tolentino, Angela Jane V.
STEM 12-G, Fidelis SHS
35
APPENDIX D
LETTER FOR PRINCIPAL
April 15, 2020
Mr Arnold I. Catapang
BES Principal
#2 Pres. Laurel Highway, Tanauan City, Batangas
Dear Mr Catapang,
Greetings of peace!
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subjects Practical Research II and
Inquiries, we, the students from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) strand, are currently working on a quantitative research entitled, “Automated
Feeding Machine”. In line of this, we would like to ask for your permission to allow us to
conduct a survey on Grade 11 STEM Fidelis students. Once approved, an informed
consent will be given to the respondents before the actual data gathering.
We are looking forward to your response regarding this matter and we rest assured that
the information gathered for this study will be handled with utmost confidentiality. Thank
you very much and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
MALOLES, BENJIE L.
OVILLA, ROINUJ G.
09168426549
Noted: Recommending Approval:

Maria Carmina Perez Mr Arnaldo D. Mendoza
Practical Research II Teacher Fidelis Assistant Principal
36
APPENDIX E
LETTER FOR REGISTRAR
April 15, 2020

Engr. Sherryl Gevaña
Registrar
Dear Ma’am:
Greetings of peace!
We, the students from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
strand, are conducting research paper entitled, “Automated Feeding Machine”. In partial
fulfilment of the requirements in Practical Research II, we would like to request for an
official count of Grade 11 Fidelis STEM students per section this school year 2019-2020.
We are looking forward to your response. Rest assured that the gathered information will
be kept highly confidential. Thank you very much and God bless.
Respectfully yours,

MALOLES, BENJIE L.
OVILLA, ROINUJ G.
09168426549
Noted: Approved by:

Maria Carmina Perez Engr. Sherryl Gevaña
Practical Research II Teacher Registrar
37
APPENDIX F
LETTER FOR TEACHERS
April 15, 2020

Grade 11 STEM Advisers
Faculty
Dear Teachers,
Greetings of peace!
Feeding Machine”. In line of this, we would like to ask for your permission to allow us to
conduct a survey on Grade 11 STEM Fidelis students during their Practical Research I
class. In line of this, we are requesting for your valuable time and participation in our
study by letting us to conduct a survey during your class. We do not intend to interrupt
your class but it is the only available schedule for us to conduct the survey. Your support
in the success of our study is highly appreciated.
Respectfully yours,

MALOLES, BENJIE L.
OVILLA, ROINUJ G.
09168426549
Noted: Recommending Approval:

Maria Carmina Perez Mr Arnaldo D. Mendoza
Practical Research II Teacher Fidelis Assistant Principal
38
APPENDIX G
LETTER FOR VALIDATOR STATISTICS
April 15, 2020

Anabel Bonquin
Faculty
Dear Ma’am/Sir,
Greetings!
Feeding Machine”. The research aim is to constitute a machine that automatically feeding
the animal or pet without the presence of the owner by setting frequent interval of time,
for the convenience of the owner.
In line of this, we are requesting for your valuable time and expertise in validating the
statistical treatment to be used in our study and by helping us to conduct the said
statistical test. Your support in our endeavour is highly appreciated.
Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,
MALOLES, BENJIE L.
OVILLA, ROINUJ G.
09168426549
Noted: Approved:
Maria Carmina Perez Adonis Santos
Practical Research II Teacher Validator
39
APPENDIX H
LETTER FOR VALIDATOR
April 15, 2020

Adonis Santos
Faculty
Dear Ma’am/Sir,
Greetings!
Feeding Machine”. The research aim is to constitute a machine that automatically feeding
the animal or pet without the presence of the owner by setting frequent interval of time,
for the convenience of the owner.
In line of this, we are requesting for your valuable time and participation in our study by
validating the attached survey-questionnaire. Your expertise and support in our
endeavour are highly appreciated.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
MALOLES, BENJIE L.
OVILLA, ROINUJ G.
TOLENTINO, ANGEL JANE V.
09168426549
Noted: Approved:
Maria Carmina Perez Adonis Santos
Practical Research II Teacher Validator
40
Directions: To establish validity, this tool asks for your truthful evaluation of the
questionnaire to be used for the study stated above. You are requested to give your honest
assessment by checking (√) the item that corresponds to your evaluation. Please refer to
the rating scale below:
4: Strongly Agree 2: Disagree

3: Agree 1: Strongly Disagree
Validator’s Questionnaire Assessment
VALIDATED BY: _______________________________________________________
Signature over Printed Name of the Validator
Date: ____________________
41
RESEARCH PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES
The proposed research project’s pinpointing to constitute a machine that
automatically feeding the animal or pet from frequent interval of time for the
convenience of the owner. As follows are the objectives of the research project.
1. To substitute efforts and degrading human intervention making their doings
more facile and having more time on other work fields.
2. To feed the animals or pets from frequent intervals of time even without the
presence of their owners making it more convenient for the owners.
3. To measure and consign the right portion of food for proper nutrition of the
animal or pet.
42
CURRICULUM VITAE
Fajilagmago, Angel Dee F.

Bagumbayan, Tanauan City, Batangas
Contact Number: 09168426549
Email Address: fajilagmagoaddy@gmail.com
EDUCATION BACKGROUND
Senior High School FAITH Fidelis Senior High School
#2 Pres. Laurel Highway, Tanauan City, Bats.
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
2018-2020
Junior High School Tinurik National High School
Tinurik, Tanauan City, Batangas
2014-2018
Primary School Bagumbayan Elementary School
Bagumbayan, Tanauan City, Batangas
2007-2014
AWARDS
Senior High School champion in Cheerdance Competition

Junior High School with Honors
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Female
Birthdate: April 21, 2002
Place of Birth: Romblon, Romblon
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Mother’s Name: Elgin F. Fajilagmago
Father’s Name: Frely F. Fajilagmago
43
Maloles, Benjie L.
Tranca, Talisay, Batangas
E-mail Address: benjiemaloles11gmail.com
2018-2020
Junior High School Pres. Jose P. Laurel National High School
2014-2018
Primary School Tranca Elementary School
2017-2014
AWARDS
Senior High School Quarterly Honor

Junior High School with Honors
Age: 18 years old

Sex: Male
Birthdate: November 27, 2001
Place of Birth: Tranca, Talisay, Batangas
Mother’s Name: Fe L. Maloles
Father’s Name: Gaudencio B. Maloles
44
Ovilla, Roinuj G.
Victoria Homes Subdivision, Darasa, Tanauan City, Batangas
Contact Number:
Email Address:
2018-2020
Junior High School Bernardo Lirio Memorial National High School
Darasa, Tanauan City, Batangas
2014-2018
Primary School Heaven’s Door Christian Academy
Taguig City, Manila
2007-2014
Age: 19 years old
Sex: Male
Birthdate: November 15, 2000
Place of Birth: Lower Bicutan, Taguig City, Manila
Mother’s Name: Sally Colina Garcia Ovilla
Father’s Name: Medardo Dullisin Ovilla Jr.
45
Petate, Gizel Ann A.

Email Address: gizelpetate@gmail.com
2018-2020
Junior High School Tanauan Institute
Brgy. 4, Tanauan City, Batangas
2014-2018
Primary School Escuela Sagrada Familia
Luyos, Tanauan City, Batangas
2007-2014
AWARDS
Junior High School 1st Place - Chess

Primary School Girl Scout of the Philippines
Age: 18 years old
Sex: Female
Birthdate: February 26, 2002
Place of Birth: Tanauan City, Batangas
Mother’s Name: Marizel A. Petate
Father’s Name: Gilson O. Petate
46
Tolentino, Angela Jane V.

San Miguel, Sto. Tomas, Batangas
Email Address: Angelajanetolentino21gmail.com
2018-2020
Junior High School Saint Thomas Academy
Sto. Tomas, Batangas
2014-2018
Primary School Maranatha Christian Academy
Tanauan City, Batangas
2007-2014
AWARDS
Senior High School with Honors

Primary School with Honors
Age: 17 years old

Sex: Female
Birthdate: May 21, 2002
Place of Birth: San Miguel, Sto. Tomas, Batangas
Mother’s Name: Mylene V. Tolentino
Father’s Name: Reynaldo N. Tolentino

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i

AUTOMATED FEEDING MACHINE

AUTOMATED FEEDING MACHINE

A Research Presented to the Fidelis Senior High School Department

Angel Dee F. Fajilagmago

This research entitled: “AUTOMATED FEEDING MACHINE” prepared and

MARIA CARMINA PEREZ

Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS for Oral Defence on

MS. MARIA CARMINA PEREZ MR. ADONIS SANTOS

MR. ARNALDO D. MENDOZA MR. ARNOLD I. CATAPANG

--- The Researchers ---

Regular feeding is one of the problems in pet or animal maintenance. Owners

researchers chose Fidelis Students, particularly Grade 11 STEM Strand as their

KEYWORDS: Automatic Feeder, Machine, Pet or Animal

Table Title Page

Figure Title Page

1 Research Paradigm of the Automated Feeding Machine 6

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

discussing the similarities and importance of the whole research project.

Modernization age, wherein technology being ubiquitous, innovations are

Necessities of automated machines are widespread, substituting efforts and degrading

human intervention. An article titled, “Animal Nutrition and Digestion” by Oklahoma

responsibility, considering it to be far most intensive chore to do as an owner. Animals

reproductive problems, and be less productive and marketable. Nutrition is important to

Medical Association (AVMA) the human-animal bond is defined as, “a mutually

of paying concentration to the animal or to the pet’s befitting feeding time.

The proposed research project addresses an Automated Feeding Machine for a

Research Problem and Objective

The proposed research project’s pinpointing to constitute a machine that

1. To substitute efforts and degrading human intervention making their doings

more facile and having more time on other work fields.

presence of their owners making it more convenient for the owners.

Significance of the Study

importance on the following:

that would embark on the similar study.

Scope and Delimitation

performance of the innovated automated feeding machine.

The research project purely focuses in contriving an automated feeding machine.

function well outdoors.

Automation plays a big role in our society in today’s generation. It is creation of

humans. Automation is being used in a number of areas such as manufacturing, transport,

utilities, defence, facilities, operations and lately, information technology (Technopedia,

actions, (2) feedback controls, and (3) machine programming.

Power Source. An automated system is designed to accomplish some useful

other types of power (e.g., mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic) to perform

useful work. In addition, electrical energy can be stored in high-performance, long-life

Feedback Controls. Feedback controls are widely used in modern automated

Machine Programming. The programmed instructions determine the set of actions

Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Automated Feeding Machine

future researchers on understanding the research study.

Arduino. An open-source electronics platform or board and the software used to

hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.

GSM Module. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a chip or

Load Cell Weight Sensor. A load cell is a type of transducer, specifically

a force transducer. It converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque

into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized.

proposed research project.

Throughout the inevitable innovation of technologies from the nick of time,

their animals or pets such as feeding from frequent time intervals.

indicated in which will intermittently and successively expose compartments containing

Distribution Apparatus for Animals” by Vittuari et al. (2013), an automatic distribution

fed without needing a owner’s presence by means of card programmed accordingly on an