University of San Jose-Recoletos Posse Comitatus (Power of the Country)
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE
Cebu City
Midterm Examination Coverage
(First Semester, School Year 2023-2024)
MODULE 1: REPUBLIC ACT 9163 OTHERWISE KNOWN
AS THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)
LAW
REPUBLIC ACT 9163: “National Service Training Program
Act and Its Implementing Rules And Regulations”
Constitutional Basis
A. The prime duty of the Government is to serve
and protect the people. The Government may
call upon the people to defend the State and, in
the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law, to
render personal, military, or civil service.
(Section 4 Article 2, Philippine Constitution)
B. The state recognizes the vital role of the youth in
nation building and shall promote and protect
their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and
social wellbeing. It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and nationalism and encourage their
involvement in public and civic affairs. (Section
13, Art 2, Philippine Constitution)
C. The State shall inculcate patriotism and
nationalism foster love of humanity, respect of
human rights, appreciation of the role of
national heroes in the historical development of
the country, teach the rights and duties of
citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual
values , develop moral character and personal
discipline, encourage critical creative thinking,
broaden scientific and technological knowledge
and promote vocational efficiency. (Para 2,
Section 3, Art XIV, Philippine Constitution)
BASIC DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Basic tenets of rights and obligations dictate that
citizens have the following duties and obligations:
• Be Loyal to the Republic
• Defend the State
• Uphold the Constitution and Obey the Laws
• Contribute to its National Development and
Welfare
• Help Maintain a Just and Orderly Society
Basic Concepts of Parens Patriae and Posse Comitatus:
Parens Patria - literally “parent of the state”. It is the
police power of the State. It refers traditionally to the
role of the State as sovereign and guardian of persons
under legal disability. It is the principle that the State
must care for those who cannot take care of themselves.
Parens Patria originates from the English common law
where the King had a royal prerogative to act as guardian
top persons with legal disabilities. In modern nations, the
parens patriae functions belongs to the State.
This is an ancient obligation of the individual to
assist in the protection of the peace and good order of
the community in a well-organized government.
Under this power, those persons on the state,
country, or town who were charged with the
maintenance of peace and good order were bound to
pursue and to take all persons who had violated the law.
For that purpose, they might command all the
male inhabitants of a certain age to assist them. This was
a right well recognized at common law.
Legal Basis on the Present Laws:
A. Republic Act 9163 otherwise known as “The Act
Establishing the National Service Training
Program (NSTP) for Tertiary Level Students”,
amending for the purpose of Republic Act 7077
and Presidential Decree 1706, providing the
following provisions:
National Service Training Program (NSTP)
Is a program aimed at enhancing civic
consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by
developing the ethics of service and patriotism while
undergoing training in any of its three (3) program
components its various components are especially
designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to
the general welfare.
Establishment of the National Service Training Program
There is hereby established a National Service
Training Program (NSTP) which shall form part of the
curricula of all baccalaureate degree courses and of at
least two (2) year technical vocational courses and is a
requisite for graduation consisting of the following
service components:
Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
Refers to the programs or activities contributory
to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the
members of the community in the enhancement of its
facilities, especially those devoted to improving health,
education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety,
recreation and morals of citizenry.
Section 15 (4) of Batas Pambansa Bilang 232 provides
that “It is the duty and responsibility of the students to
participate actively in civic affairs and be involved in the
promotion of the general welfare of the people,
particularly in the social, economic and cultural
development of their community and in the attainment
of a just, compassionate and orderly society”.
Literacy Training Service (LTS)
Is a program designed to train students to
become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to
school children out of school youth and other segments
of society in need of their service.
Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)
Is a program under Sections 38 and 39 of
Republic Act 7077 designed to provide military training
to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train,
organize and mobilizing them for the national defense
preparedness.
Coverage – Students male and female, of any
baccalaureate degree course or at least two (2) year
technical-vocational courses in public and private
educational institutions shall be required to complete
one (1) of the NSTP components as a requisite for
graduation.
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the
National Service Training Program issued by CHED
dated 10 April 2002
Coverage – All incoming freshmen students, male and
female, starting school year 2002-2003, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and in the least two (2) year technical-
vocational or associate courses are required to complete
one (1) NSTP component of their choice as a graduation
requirement.
Duration and Equivalent Course Unit
Each of the aforementioned NSTP program
components shall be undertaken for an academic period
of two (2) semesters. It shall be credited for three (3)
units per semester for fifty-four (54) to ninety (90)
training hours per semester.
Organization of the NSTP Graduates
a) Graduates of the non-ROTC components of the
NSTP shall belong to the National Service
Reserve Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by
the State for literacy and civic welfare activities
through the joint efforts of DND, CHED and
TESDA in coordination with DILG, DSWD, and
other concerned agencies and associations.
Past Laws
Republic Act 7077 otherwise known as “The Act
Providing for the Development, Administration,
Organization, Training, Maintenance and Utilization of
the Citizen Armed Force of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines”, provides:
Section 38. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) –
Military training for students enrolled in colleges,
universities and similar institutions of learning is
mandatory pursuant to the provisions of the National
Defense Act and the 1987 Constitution.
Section 39 Establishment of ROTC Units in Schools
At such colleges, universities and similar
institutions of learning that request for the
conduct of military training in their institutions
there shall be established and maintained
Reserve Officers’ Training Corps units as the
Secretary of National Defense may approve,
which shall conduct military training for the
students of such institutions for the purpose of
producing enlisted and officer reservists. (Under
Sec 7, RA 9163)
Presidential Decree 1706 The National Service Law
Section 2 - National service shall be obligatory for all
citizens of the Philippines. As used in this decree,
“National Service” shall consist of three main programs
namely: civil welfare service, law enforcement service
and military service.
Section 3 – Each citizen shall render national service in
any of the three main programs stated in Section 2 of this
decree or a combination thereof: Provided, that such
service shall be credited in his favor for the purpose of
fulfilling educational requirements established by law.
Course Description
The NSTP-CWTS is a course for all tertiary level
students, male or female of any baccalaureate degree
programs or at least two (2) year vocational programs
which embodies the core values of the USJ-R namely:
Interiority, Nationalism, Service, Pioneerism, Integrity,
Reliability and Excellence. It also emphasizes different
topics prescribed by the Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR) of RA 9163 or otherwise known as the
National Service Training Program which include the
NSTP Orientation, Citizenship Training, Drug Education,
Disaster Awareness and Preparedness, Environmental
Protection, National Security Concerns and other
programs and activities contributory to the welfare and
betterment of life for the members of the community
and enhancement of its facilities, specifically those which
are geared towards improving health, education,
environment, livelihood, safety, recreation and morals of
the citizenry.
RESERVE OFFICERS TRAINING COURSE PROGRAM OF
INSTRUCTION (POI)
BASIC ROTC PURPOSE: To teach the students the values
of citizenship, followership, personal responsibility, and
sense of accomplishment while learning essential life
skills that will develop their self-esteem, character,
teamwork and self-discipline. This will prepare the
students to be an Infantry Man, who has the appropriate
character, knowledge and skills that will later be
enhanced as they further progress in their personal life
and later on with their careers.
Bill of Rights of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution
Bill of Rights of the Filipinos
Article III of 1987 Philippine Constitution.
✓ Establishes individual’s relationship to the State
✓ Defines individual’s rights, limiting state’s lawful
powers
✓ One of most important political Filipino
achievements
Importance of Bill of Rights of the Filipinos
✓ "Ten Commandments” of Constitutional faith.
✓ People’s shield against government abuse
✓ Means of self-government, sovereignty, and
truth
Bill of Rights of the Filipinos
Article III of 1987 Philippine Constitution
provides:
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process of law, nor shall any
person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature
and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause to be determined personally by the judge
after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be searched and the
persons or things to be seized.
 Article III of 1987 Philippine Constitution provides:
Section 3.
(1) The privacy of communication and correspondence
shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court,
or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as
prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the
preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose
in any proceeding.
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom
of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of
the people peaceably to assemble and petition the
government for redress of grievances.
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an
establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test
shall be required for the exercise of civil or political
rights.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same
within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired
except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the
right to travel be impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety, or public health, as
maybe provided by law.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on
matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to
official records, and to documents and papers pertaining
to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
government research data used as basis for policy
development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to
such limitations as maybe provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people, including those
employed in the public and private sectors, to form
unions, associations, or societies for purposes not
contrary to law shall not be a bridged.
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public
use without just compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts
shall be passed.
Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial
bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied
to any person by reason of poverty.
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the
commission of an offense shall have the right to be
informed of his right to remain silent and to have
competent and independent counsel preferably of his
own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of
counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights
cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence
of counsel.
Section 12. (2) No torture, force, violence, threat,
intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free
will shall be used against him. Secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of
detention are prohibited.
Section 12. (3) Any confession or admission obtained in
violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible
in evidence against him.
Section 12. (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil
sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture
or similar practices, and their families.
Section 13. All persons, except those charged with
offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be
bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as maybe provided by law. The right to bail
shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ
of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be
required.
Section 14.
(1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal
offense without due process of law.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be
presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall
enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be
informed of the nature and cause of the accusation
against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial,
to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have
compulsory process to secure the attendance of
witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf.
However, after arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided
that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is
unjustifiable.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or
rebellion when the public safety requires it.
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy
disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial,
or administrative bodies.
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness
against himself.
Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by
reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
Section 18. (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall
exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor
cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted.
Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for
compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the
Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
Section 19. (2) The employment of physical,
psychological, or degrading punishment against any
prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or
inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions
shall be dealt with by law.
Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or
non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of
punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by
a law and an ordinance, conviction, or acquittal under
either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for
the same act.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall
be enacted.
VALUES UNDER THE 1987 PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION
Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society
and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals
and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve
and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and
posterity the blessings of independence and democracy
under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this constitution.”
GOOD CITIZENSHIP AND CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES:
A. PAGKAMAKA – DIYOS: 
1. FAITH IN THE ALMIGHTY GOD - Faith in Almighty
God is a basic value of the good Filipino citizen.
The Filipino people are God centered people. It
is this faith in Almighty God which gives
resiliency as a people; that enables the Filipino to
struggle through on crisis after another with
smile on his face and hope in his heart.
2. RESPECT OF LIFE – The State values the dignity of
every human person and guarantees full respect
for human rights The State recognizes the
sanctity of family life and shall protect and
strengthen the family as a basic autonomous
social institution. To uphold the good citizenship
value of RESPECT OF LIFE means to dwell always
on the principle of prolife. God is the sole author
of life and no amount of crime can authorize
somebody to take out our life. Our life is a
precious and unique gift to us from God. Our life
has a purpose and destiny.
3. ORDER – means doing first things first with a
workable system by respecting the human rights
of one another and comply with your duties and
responsibilities. It is simply doing the right thing
in a right time and at the right place without
haste because things done in haste will usually
end up to waste. Order is the sanity of the mind,
the health of the body, the peace of the city, the
security of the state.
Order ensures all citizens of 1) security, 2) peace
(when order is maintained by law enforcement
agencies of the government and other sectors of
society), 3) harmony (as a result of the social
contract borne out of respect of the human
rights of one another and comply with your
duties and responsibilities).
4. WORK – means to develop a string and positive
outlook that hard work, quality work, and honest
work are what make us good, productive, and
self-reliant citizens of our country. Work is the
key to our national progress. Without work we
can’t make a living. Be diligent and earn an
honest living. Work is gift, an essential part of our
life. Do not engage in crime and corruption.
5. CONCERN FOR THE FAMILY AND FUTURE
GENERATIONS – means that utmost attention
must be focused on the family as sanctuary of life
and a core unit of society. Look after the welfare
of your family and future generations. A family is
the place of refuge, strength, inspiration,
example, and source of love for today’s youth at
risk and couples whose values and virtues are
challenge daily by the ways of materialism.
There is a need to work harder and guide the
children in the ways of good values and
responsibility as they are more vulnerable to
negative influences brought about by the advent
of high technology and materialism.
The State recognizes the Filipino as the foundation of the
nation. It shall strengthen its solidarity and actively
promote its total development. Marriage, as an
inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the
family and shall be protected by the State.
B. PAGKAMAKA – TAO: 
1. LOVE – is the answer to our many questions
during these trying times. The reason why our
nation has never moved forward is that we never
learn yet how to live in love and therefore we
never grow in our capacity to love one another.
Love is the “will to do good for others” even
though it entails sacrifice of oneself and to “look
after the good and welfare of one another”.
2. FREEDOM – means giving due recognition and
respect to our individuality as persons with
fundamental human rights and duties. Assert
your right to be able to do the right things. Our
sense of freedoms would lead us to love our
fellowmen, understand their plight and do what
is good and right while avoiding what is wrong
and evil.
3. PEACE – means doing good for others and for our
country but let that action of peace comes from
your inner being. Peace cannot be attained
through violence or other ways that do not
promote order. Live and work together in
harmony. Avoid violence as a means of settling
disputes.
4. TRUTH – means living and loving passionately
with the truth. Truth exacts us to live in
transparency, total honesty, and integrity. Truth
demands sacrifices and efforts but is worthy
cause that highlights our own capacity as
persons to do good with integrity. Stand up for
the truth and avoid intrigue and mudslinging.
5. JUSTICE – means promotion of social practices
that enhance the essence of social justice. Justice
means treating others with high respect and
dignity, mindful of their basic human rights. The
justice system is important as it ensures that all
people, regardless of any form of distinction, will
receive the full benefits and protection of the
law. Justice is the key to progress, the foundation
of freedom and the bedrock principle of unity
and equality among all men. Give everyone his
due. Do not oppress or take advantage of
anyone.
C. PAGKAMAKA – BAYAN: 
1. UNITY – When we say that UNITY is a good
citizenship value, we mean that all of us Filipino
citizens are expected to have our oneness as a
people as a guiding principle in our daily life. This
means that:
o We want our country to be united always that
despite the diversity of cultures, of alliances, of
abilities, of opinions, and religious affiliations;
we have a fundamental oneness as a people;
that we agree on what we want as a people; that
we work together; doing our part to attain our
national vision.
o We are willing to lend a helping hand to others;
o We are to understand those whose views are
different from our own;
o We want and will work for what is best for our
countrymen.
D. PAGKAMAKA – KALIKASAN: 
1. CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT – means
launching an efficient and sustainable Clean and
Green Program nationwide. Keep your
surrounding clean and conserve our natural
resources. We must understand that our very
existence and that of generations after us are
threatened by the destruction of the
environment. We shall develop a conscious
effort to preserve and protect the environment
from further degradation.

2. EQUALITY – means treating one another with

equal and utmost dignity and respect of fellow
human beings regardless of his/ her religious or
cultural orientation, sex, social status, race etc.
Equality means cultivating a culture of
brotherhood and unity, the precursors for a
strong republic. Treat one another as brother
and sister being children of one God and one
nation.
3. RESPECT FOR THE LAW AND GOVERNMENT –
means to follow strictly the rule of law and not
the rule of the mob. The law is not meant to
curtail freedom but to ensure that every citizen
is responsible while exercising his/her freedom.
The law and the government are not meant to
enslave people, but they are meant to establish
order in the society.

Obey the laws of the land and support

government programs. We must believe that the
laws and the government are meant to serve our
own interest as citizens. We must not allow our
values to be compromised by illegal acts and
practices.

4. PATRIOTISM – means placing 1) the good of the

country above one’s own 2) be a good and loving
citizen constantly vigilant for the welfare of our
country and 3) ready to sacrifice for the love of
our country. Patriotism is every person’s sense of
duty and responsibility to contribute in the 1)
development of the country, 2) protection of the
integrity 3) upholding the rights and dignity of
the people.
5. PROMOTION OF THE COMMON GOOD – The
term “common good” refers to “the sum total of
goods and social conditions which allow people,
either as groups or individuals, to reach their
fulfillment more fully and easily. Do not be
greedy and selfish.

To promote the common good is an obligation of

every member of the society for sustainable
development and long term survival of the
community requires that those who have least
be helped to a level of living. Put the welfare of
the greater number of people over one’s own.