Mathematics 7

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 12
Cube of a Binomial
Mathematics – Grade 7
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 12: Cube of a Binomial
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Margie B. Relato

Editor: Cristina DC. Prado
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Glady O. Dela Cruz; Ma. Cynthia P. Badana;
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Mathematics 7
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 12
Cube of a Binomial
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Cube of a

Binomial!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Cube of a

Binomial!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Use models and algebraic methods to find the cube of a binomial.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in the
blank provided before each item.

_____ 1. What is the product of (1 + 𝑥 )2 (1 + 𝑥)?

A. 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 C. 1 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3
B. −1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 D. 1 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3

_____ 2. Express (2𝑥 + 𝑦)3 as a polynomial.

A. 8𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 C. −8𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3

B. 8𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 D. 8𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3

_____ 3. What is the volume of a cube whose edges are each 3 cm in length?

A. 9 𝑐𝑚3 C. 54 𝑐𝑚3
B. 27 𝑐𝑚3 D. 81 𝑐𝑚3

_____ 4. What is the result when −2𝑎 is multiplied to the cube of 𝑎 − 3?

A. 2𝑎4 + 18𝑎3 + 18𝑎2 + 54𝑎 C. −2𝑎4 + 18𝑎3 − 54𝑎2 + 54𝑎

B. −2𝑎4 − 18𝑎3 − 18𝑎2 − 54𝑎 D. 2𝑎4 − 18𝑎3 + 54𝑎2 − 54𝑎

_____ 5. What is the sum of the cube of 2𝑥 + 1 and the square of 𝑥 − 1?

A. 4𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2 C. 8𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2
B. 4𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 D. 8𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2
 RECAP
The previous lessons taught you how to find the product of the sum and
difference of binomials and the square of a binomial using patterns and FOIL method.
Let’s recall these lessons by answering the following problems.

A. Which of the following mathematical statements are correct?

1. (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 6. (2𝑥 + 4𝑦)2 = 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦 2
2. (2𝑥 + 4𝑦)(2𝑥 − 4𝑦) = 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 7. (5𝑥 − 4𝑦)(5𝑥 + 4𝑦) = 10𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2
3. (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 8. (2𝑥 + 4𝑦)2 = 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2
4. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 9. (2𝑥 − 4𝑦)2 = 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2
5. (2𝑥 − 4𝑦)2 = 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦 2 10. (6𝑎𝑏 − 8)(6𝑎𝑏 + 8) = 36𝑎2 𝑏 2 − 64

B. Find the product of the following.

1. (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
2. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)
3. (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
4. (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 (𝑎 − 𝑏)

LESSON

You have squared a binomial and used this knowledge in solving the area of
the square.

Have you tried multiplying a binomial three times by itself? This is equal to
cube of a binomial.

In this lesson, let us use our knowledge about the volume of a cube in
discussing the cube of a binomial
a b
b

a
b
Take a look at the diagram of a cube above. The edges of the cube are each a + b in
length. Therefore, the volume of the cube is (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 + 𝒃) or (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟑 .
 If the cube is made up of detachable blocks, then we can dismantle it.
Below are the pieces of blocks that made up the cube.

b a b
b
b
b B b
a
a C
a
A b
a
a

a
b
a
b a
D
E
F

b a
b
b

a a

G H

List the dimension of every block and find its volume. Then, add the volume
of the cube.

Solution:

Block Dimension Volume

A a, b, b 𝑎𝑏 2
B a, a, b 𝑎2 𝑏
C b, b, b 𝑏3
D a, b, b 𝑎𝑏 2
E a, a, b 𝑎2 𝑏
F a, a, a 𝑎3
G a, b, b 𝑎𝑏 2
H a, a, b 𝑎2 𝑏
Total: 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟑

The total volume of the eight blocks is 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3 .

Therefore,

a
a

(𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎F
3
+ 𝟑𝑎2 𝑏 + 𝟑𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏3

The expression (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 can be expressed as (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 (𝑎 + 𝑏) because of the Law

of Exponents.
By performing the multiplication, we get
(𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)

= (𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑎 + 𝑏) Squaring the binomial

= 𝑎3 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3 Distributive Property

(𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟑 Combining similar terms

To craft a rule for finding the cube of a binomial, try to answer the following
questions. Notice that the cube of a binomial (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 is the sum of four terms.

1. How do you obtain the first term in the answer?

2. What is the constant term that you multiply in the second term of the answer?
What do you do with the first term of the binomial? How about the second
term of the binomial?
3. What is the constant term that you multiply in the third term of the answer?
What do you do with the first term of the binomial? How about the second
term of the binomial?
4. How do you obtain the fourth term in the answer?

Solution:

1. The first term in the answer is the cube of the first term of the binomial.
2. The second term in the answer is always multiplied by 3. The first term of the
binomial is squared then multiplied by the second term.
3. The third term in the answer is always multiplied by 3. The first term of the
binomial is multiplied by the square of the second term.
4. The fourth term in the answer is the cube of the second term of the binomial.
Example:

Using the pattern of the first diagram, find the volume of the cube below.

Solution:
𝑉 = 𝑒3 2 + 3𝑥
𝑉 = (2 + 3𝑥)3
= 23 + 3(2)2 (3𝑥) + 3(2)(3𝑥)2 + (3𝑥)3 2 + 3𝑥

= 𝟖 + 𝟑𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟑 2 + 3𝑥

More Examples:
Let us solve the following by applying the rules of the cube of binomials.

1. Find the product of (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 .

Solution:

(𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = (𝑎)3 + 3(𝑎)2 (−𝑏) + 3(𝑎)(−𝑏)2 + (−𝑏)3

= 𝒂𝟑 − 𝟑𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 −𝒃𝟑

2. Find the product of (2𝑎 + 3𝑏)3 .

Solution:
(2𝑎 + 3𝑏)3 = (2𝑎)3 + 3(2𝑎)2 (3𝑏) + 3(2𝑎)(3𝑏)2 + (3𝑏)3
= 𝟖𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑𝟔𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟓𝟒𝒂𝒃𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕𝒃𝟑
3. Find the product of (2𝑎 − 3𝑏)3 .
Solution:
(2𝑎 − 3𝑏)3 = (2𝑎)3 + 3(2𝑎)2 (−3𝑏) + 3(2𝑎)(−3𝑏)2 + (−3𝑏)3
= 𝟖𝒂𝟑 − 𝟑𝟔𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟓𝟒𝒂𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐𝟕𝒃𝟑
4. Find the product of (2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3 )3 .
Solution:
(2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3 )3 = (2𝑥 2 )3 + 3(2𝑥 2 )2 (𝑦 3 ) + 3(2𝑥 2 )(𝑦 3 )2 + (𝑦 3 )3
= 𝟖𝒙𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟔 + 𝒚𝟗
5. Find the product of (2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 3 )3 .
Solution:
(2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 3 )3 = (2𝑥 2 )3 + 3(2𝑥 2 )2 (−𝑦 3 ) + 3(2𝑥 2 )(−𝑦 3 )2 + (−𝑦 3 )3
= 𝟖𝒙𝟔 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟔 − 𝒚𝟗

Notice the answers in the sum of the cube of binomial and the difference of
the cube of binomial. The cube of binomial in the form of (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 has positive terms
in the answer. While the cube of binomial in the form of (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 has two negative
terms in the answer particularly the second and last terms.

To help your calculations easier in cubing a binomial, remember the pattern below.

Cube of a Binomial Pattern

For all numbers a and b:

First term: the cube of a

Second term: three times the product of 𝑎2 and b
Third term: three times the product of a and 𝑏 2
Fourth term: the cube of b

(𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟑 (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝒂𝟑 − 𝟑𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝟐 −𝒃𝟑

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Fill in the blanks to make each statement true.

In the product of (3𝑎 + 2𝑏)3 :

1. The first term is the cube of ___________.
2. The second term is 3 times the _________ of (3𝑎)2 and 2𝑏.
3. The third term is ___________ the product of 3𝑎 and __________.
4. The fourth term is the __________ of 2𝑏.
The product of (3𝑥 − 2)3 is a polynomial with:
5. The first term equal to ___________.
6. The second term equal to __________.
7. The third term equal to __________
8. The fourth term equal to __________.

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: Expand the following binomials.
1. (𝑎 + 6)3 6. (4𝑏 − 2𝑐 )3
2. (𝑎 − 6)3 7. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦)3
 3. (4 + 𝑏)3 8. (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 3 )3
4. (4 − 𝑏)3 9. (2𝑚𝑛2 + 𝑝)3
5. (4𝑏 + 2𝑐 )3 10. (7 − 3𝑥 4 )3

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Answer the following problems.

1. The Rubik’s cube has an edge length of 2𝑥 + 1 cm. What is the volume of the
Rubik’s cube?
2. The small cube has an edge measuring 3x + 2 cm. If the edge of the second
cube is twice the measure of the first, what is the volume of the second
cube?

WRAP-UP

1. How many terms are there in each of the cubes of binomials?

2. What is the rule for cubing the sum of binomial?
3. What is the rule for cubing the difference of binomial?
4. Is (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 ? If no, what is the answer?
5. Is (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 the same with (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 (𝑎 − 𝑏)?
What is the product of these two binomials?

VALUING

REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

We are living in a three-dimensional world and

shapes exist in our 3D world, too. One example of a 3D
shape is the cube. Cube is a box-shaped solid object that
has six identical square faces.
There are many uses for cubes in our every day life.
Draw something cube and tell its relevance to you and or
to the world.
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in the
blank provided before each item.
_____ 1. What is the product of (3𝑥 3 + 5)3 ?

A. 27𝑥 9 + 135𝑥 6 + 225𝑥 3 + 125 C. 27𝑥 6 + 135𝑥 5 + 225𝑥 3 + 125

B. 27𝑥 9 − 135𝑥 6 + 225𝑥 3 − 125 D. 27𝑥 6 − 135𝑥 5 + 225𝑥 3 − 125

_____ 2. What is the volume of a cube whose edges are each 4𝑥 + 3 cm in length?

A. 64𝑥 3 − 48𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 − 27 𝑐𝑚3 C. 64𝑥 3 − 144𝑥 2 + 108𝑥 − 27 𝑐𝑚3

B. 64𝑥 3 + 48𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 27 𝑐𝑚3 D. 64𝑥 3 + 144𝑥 2 + 108𝑥 + 27 𝑐𝑚3

_____ 3. What is the difference when 𝑥 + 5 is subtracted from the cube of 5𝑥 − 2 ?

A. 125𝑥 3 − 150𝑥 2 + 61𝑥 − 3 C. 125𝑥 3 + 150𝑥 2 + 61𝑥 + 3

B. 125𝑥 3 − 150𝑥 2 + 59𝑥 − 13 D. 125𝑥 3 + 150𝑥 2 + 59𝑥 + 13

_____ 4. What is the result when −𝑎 is multiplied to the cube of 2𝑎 − 3?

A. 8𝑎4 − 36𝑎3 + 54𝑎2 − 27𝑎 C. −8𝑎3 + 36𝑎2 − 54𝑎 + 27𝑎

B. −8𝑎4 + 36𝑎3 − 54𝑎2 + 27𝑎 D. 8𝑎3 − 36𝑎2 + 54𝑎 − 27𝑎

_____ 5. What is the sum of the cube of 2𝑦 − 1 and the square of 𝑦 + 1?

A. 8𝑦 3 − 11𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 C. 8𝑦 3 − 12𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 − 1
B. 8𝑦 3 + 11𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 D. 8𝑦 3 + 12𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 1
POSTTEST
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
1. 8𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1 cm3
2. 216𝑥 3 + 432𝑥 2 + 288𝑥 + 64 cm3
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
1. 𝑎3 + 18𝑎2 + 108𝑎 + 216 6. 64𝑏 3 − 96𝑏 2 𝑐 + 48𝑏𝑐 2 − 8𝑐 3
2. 𝑎3 − 18𝑎2 + 108𝑎 − 216 7. 𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 4 𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
3. 64 + 48𝑏 + 12𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3 8. 8𝑥 6 − 36𝑥 4 𝑦 3 + 54𝑥 2 𝑦 6 − 27𝑦 9
4. 64 − 48𝑏 + 12𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3 9. 8𝑚3 𝑛6 + 12𝑚2 𝑛4 𝑝 + 6𝑚𝑛2 𝑝2 + 𝑝3
5. 64𝑏 3 + 96𝑏 2 𝑐 + 48𝑏𝑐 2 + 8𝑐 3 10. 343 − 441𝑥 4 + 189𝑥 8 − 27𝑥 12
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
1. 3𝑎 5. 27𝑥 3
2. product 6. −54𝑥 2
3. 3 times, (2𝑏)2 7. 36𝑥
4. cube 8. −8
RECAP
A. Mathematically correct: Numbers 1, 4, 5, 10
B. 1. 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
2. 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
3. 𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3
4. 𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3
PRETEST
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

BOOKS:

Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O.. E-MATH 7. Revised Edition. Manila:
Rex Book Store Inc., 2015.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O.. Exploring Mathematics I. First Edition.
Manila: Rex Book Store Inc., 2003.

ONLINE RESOURCES:

Canva for Education. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADGvl5kIQQ-person-

about-to-catch-four-dices/. (accessed August 15, 2020).

Definition of Cube-Math is Fun. https://www.mathisfun.com/definitions/

cube.html. (accessed August 20, 2020).