SKELETAL SYSTEM

BABY - 300 bones (due to not ossified bones)

ADULTS - 206 bones

BASIC TYPES OF BONE TISSUE

1. Compact bone - Very dense and looks smooth and homogeneous ( with osteons
or haversian system)it is composesd of repeting compact of osteon
2. Spongy bone- Composed of small needle like pieces of bones with lots of open
spaces

Classification of Bones (disregard patella to short bones)

 LONG BONES (average bones is 90)

 Longer than they are wide
 Bones of the limbs

 SHORT BONES
 Cube shaped and composed of spongy bones
 Bones of the wrist and ankles

 FLAT BONES
 Thin, flattened and usually curved
 Ribs,skull bones, sternum, scapulae

 IRREGULAR BONES
 Irregularly-shaped bones
 Tarsal bones, vertebrae, pelvic guide, calcaneus

NOTE: WE HAVE 28 SHORT BONES (It is easily sprain) IT IS MAINLY FOUND IN THE
WRIST AND ANKLES

14 CARPAL BONES (HINDI SINAMA UNG PC FORM) the other 4 here is tha sesamoid

14 TARSAL BONES/ short bones

SESAMOID BONES ( ITLOOKS LIKE SESAME SEED SHAPED)

- it is short bones but it is formed within the tendon itself, they are developed in that
area in order to protect the tendons .

FLAT BONES / FORT ( It is the structure that protects the areas) 36 bones
- The bones that formed your ribcage
- It protects our vital areas
IRREGULAR BONES (Irregularly shaped) 48 bones
- it have an odd shape

HYALLINE CARTILLAGE PROTECTS THE END OF OUR LONG BONES

PHALANGES IS 28
AND METATARSAL IS 10 TIG 5 BAWAT HAND

NOT ALL PEOPLE HAVE SUTURAL BONES

RADIUS IS LATERALLY LOCATED AND CONNECTED TO THUMB

ULNA IS THE MEDIAL FOREARM BONES

METACARPALS BONES OF THE HANDS (INCLUSDED IN THE LONG BONES)

ENDOSTIUM Is the lining of our bone marrow cavity and it is made up of connective
tissue membrane ( you can fdound here the different types of bone cells)

PEROSTE - IT COVERS THE DIAPHYSIS OF THE LONG BOMNES

RED MARROW - Responsible for blood cell production - and you can only seen it in
the epiphysis and flat bones and irregular bones ( ON THE END OF LONG BONES)

YELLOW MARROW - FOR ADULT

ARTERIES - SUPPLY BONE CELLLS WITH NUTRIENTS

MEDULLARY CAVITY
- PROVIDE SPACE
- MIMIMIZE THE WEIGHT OF THE BONE BY REDUCING THE ?

RED MARROW TO YELLOW MARROW CONVERSION

- IT BEGINS BEFORE

METAPHYSIS WERE YOU CAN SEE THE EPHIPHICIAL LINE

COMPACT BONES - COVER THE SPONGY BONES

OSTEOPROGENITOR CELL - It is stem cell/ unspecialized bone cell and it have the
capability to turn into another cell and capable to undergo cell division
 - resulting cell is the OSTEOBLAST

OSTEOBLAST - BONE FORMING CELLS ( it produce extracellular matrix ) ( it

produces collagen fibers)

OSTEOCYTE - mature bone cells and it forms bone tissue and responsible in the
exchange of nutrient AND WASTE PRODUCTS( it is the trap osteoblast in
extravellular matrix)

OSTEOCLASTS- it is the white blood cells specifically monocytes ( can be seen in

endosteum) 1 osteoclast - is 50 monocytes
- it is bone destroting cell
- we need osteoclast to regulate blood cacium level
- it is not bone cell but derivative of white blood cell

OSTEON OF

Inside the LACUNNA you can see osteocytes

CANALLICULI - it is the pathway to each lacunna
LAMELLA -
CENTRAL CANAL - CONTAINS THE blood vessels and nerves

OSTEON should be align parallel

Osteoblast is alligned in the traveculae of the long bones

Hip bones - area uses for bonemarrow extraction