Assignment-3

1. Average Velocity for Mass Balance in a Flow Down a Vertical Plate. For a layer of liquid flowing
in laminar flow in the z direction down a vertical plate or surface, the velocity profile is

where δ is the thickness of the layer, x is the distance from the free surface of the liquid toward the
plate, and vz is the velocity at a distance x from the free surface.
a. What is the maximum velocity vz max?
b. Derive the expression for the average velocity vz av and also relate it to vz max.

2. Flow of Liquid in a Pipe and Mass Balance. A hydrocarbon liquid enters a simple flow system
shown in Figure (below) at an average velocity of 1.282 m/s, where A1 = 4.33 × 10–3 m2 and ρ1 =
902 kg/m3. The liquid is heated in the process and the exit density is 875 kg/m3. The cross-sectional
area at point 2 is 5.26 × 10–3 m2. The process is steady state.
a. Calculate the mass flow rate m at the entrance and exit.
b. Calculate the average velocity v at 2 and the mass velocity G at 1.

3. Overall Mass Balance for a Dilution Process. A well-stirred storage vessel contains 10000 kg of
solution of a dilute methanol solution (wA = 0.05 mass fraction of alcohol). A constant flow of 500
kg/min of pure water is suddenly introduced into the tank and a constant rate of withdrawal of 500
kg/min of solution is started. These two flows are continued and remain constant. Assuming that
the densities of the solutions are the same and that the total contents of the tank remain constant at
10000 kg of solution, calculate the time for the alcohol content to drop to 1.0 wt%.

4. Overall Mass Balance for an Unsteady-State Process. A storage vessel is well stirred and contains
500 kg of total solution with a concentration of 5.0% salt. A constant flow rate of 900 kg/h of salt
solution containing 16.67% salt is suddenly introduced into the tank and a constant withdrawal
rate of 600 kg/h is also started. These two flows remain constant thereafter. Derive an equation
relating the outlet withdrawal concentration as a function of time. Also, calculate the concentration
after 2.0 h.