COMPLETE AND RETURN IT TO MR.
LLUPO ON THE DAY OF THE CHAPTER TEST
Chapter 6 Workbook
Section 6.1 Review - Ionic Compounds
Multiple Choice
1. How does an ion form?
a. An atom gains a neutron.
b. An atom loses a neutron.
c. An atom loses a proton or a neutron.
d. An atom gains or loses a proton.
e. An atom gains or loses an electron.
2. A potassium atom has 19 protons, 20 neutrons, and
19 electrons. Its ion has a 1+ charge. Which of the
following is the correct number of particles that
make up a potassium ion?
a. 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 19 electrons
b. 19 protons, 20 neutrons, and 18 electrons
c. 19 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons
d. 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons
e. 19 protons, 19 neutrons, and 19 electrons
3. Which statement about the charge of an ion is true?
a. An ion is negative because it has more protons
than it has electrons.
b. An ion is negative because it has more electrons
than it has neutrons.
c. An ion is neutral because it has equal numbers
of electrons and protons.
d. An ion is positive because it has more protons
than it has electrons.
e. An ion is positive because it has more protons
than it has neutrons.
4. Which statement about how atoms of different
types of elements form ions is true?
a. Atoms of noble gases tend to lose electrons to
form negative ions.
b. Atoms of non-metals tend to gain electrons to
form negative ions.
c. Atoms of metals tend to lose electrons to form
negative ions.
d. Atoms of metals tend to gain electrons to form
positive ions.
e. Atoms of non-metals tend to lose electrons to
form negative ions.
76 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9
NAME: ___________________________________________
5. Information from the periodic table about
magnesium is shown below. What can you tell
about how a magnesium atom becomes an ion?
a. A magnesium atom forms a 2+ ion that has a
total of 14 protons and 12 electrons.
b. A magnesium atom forms a 2+ ion that has a
total of 11 protons and 13 electrons.
c. A magnesium atom forms a 2+ ion that has a
total of 12 protons and 10 electrons.
d. A magnesium atom forms an ion by gaining 2
protons.
e. A magnesium atom forms an ion by gaining 2
electrons.
6. What is the basis of the force within an ionic bond?
a. the repulsion between like charges
b. the attraction between opposite charges
c. the repulsion between opposite charges
d. the attraction of the strong force
e. the attraction between like charges
7. What types of elements are most ionic compounds
composed of?
a. two or more metals
b. two or more non-metals
c. a metal and a noble gas
d. a metal and one or more non-metals
e. a non-metal and one or more noble gas
8. Which of the following pairs of elements would not
form an ionic compound?
a. Cl and K
b. I and Na
c. O and S
d. Ca and Cl
e. Ba and Br
Section 6.1 Review - Ionic Compounds
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

9. Which of the following is an ionic compound? 13. What state(s) do most ionic compounds exist as at
a. H2 O room temperature?
b. BrCl a. liquid and solid
c. MgF2 b. liquid
d. C2H4 c. solid
e. NH3 d. gas
e. gas and liquid
10. Which of the following statements about the
formation of sodium chloride is true? 14. Which of the following statements about the
a. A sodium atom loses 2 electrons to a chlorine properties of ionic compounds is true?
atom. a. Ionic compounds tend to dissolve poorly in water.
b. A sodium atom gains 2 electrons from a b. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current
chlorine atom. in the solid state.
c. A sodium atom gains 1 electron from a chlorine c. Ionic compounds tend to be liquid at room
atom. temperature.
d. A sodium atom shares 1 electron with a chlorine d. Ionic compounds dissolved in water are good
atom. electrical conductors.
e. A sodium atom loses 1 electron to a chlorine e. Ionic compounds have low melting points.
atom.
15. Which ionic compound is used to make roads safer
11. Which ionic compound is used to prevent the during winter months?
condition shown below? a. ammonium phosphate
b. magnesium fluoride
c. sodium chloride
d. calcium carbonate
e. sodium fluoride

16. Which of the following is not a negative consequence

of using road salt in winter?
a. ammonium phosphate a. Bridges and cars rust more quickly.
b. magnesium fluoride b. Animals are attracted to the salt on the roads.
c. sodium chloride c. Salt enters the soil and slows plant growth.
d. calcium carbonate d. Fewer people are injured in accidents.
e. sodium fluoride e. Salt levels in drinking water rise.

12. Which ionic compound is used to help

plants grow?
a. ammonium phosphate
b. magnesium fluoride
c. sodium chloride
d. calcium carbonate
e. sodium fluoride

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 77

Section 6.1 Review - Ionic Compounds
Written Answer

17. What is an ion?

18. Explain why atoms of noble gases generally do not form ions.

19. Examine the Bohr-Rutherford diagram of a compound shown below.

a. What type of compound is represented? How can you tell?

b. What type of chemical bond is represented? How can you tell?

20. Why is an ionic compound neutral even though it is made up of ions that are charged?

21. Why would two metals not form an ionic compound?

22. How do ionic compounds that contain fluoride help to protect your teeth?

23. Describe how the strength of an ionic bond relates to the energy needed to break it.

24. Ionic compounds tend to form crystalline solids at room temperature.

a. Describe the arrangement of the ions of an ionic compound in the solid state.

b. How does the arrangement of ions in a solid help to explain the high melting points of most ionic
compounds?

78 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 6.1 Review - Ionic Compounds
Written Answer

25. Why is it important to your health that compounds composed of sodium ions and potassium ions are soluble in
water?

26. What ionic compounds are important components of fertilizers, and what nutrient does each provide to the plants?

27. How can the overuse of fertilizers lead to the death of fish in a pond?

28. Under what conditions is an ionic compound a good electrical conductor? Explain why these conditions are
necessary.

29. Explain why pure water is a poor electrical conductor, but tap water is not.

30. How does salt help to keep roads free of ice?

31. Based on the chart below, in what two ways does road salt initially enter soil and water systems?

32. Why does the use of salt on roads lead to increased rusting of iron and steel?

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 79

Section 6.2 Review - Molecular Compounds
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

1. Which of the following does not describe edible 5. Which of the following compounds is not a molecular
films? compound?
a. made from casein a. SCl2
b. transparent b. ICl
c. protect food from moisture c. OF2
d. composed of an ionic compound d. C3H8
e. shiny e. K2S

2. When does a molecular compound form? 6. How many covalent bonds are shown in the Bohr-
a. when atoms transfer a pair of electrons to form Rutherford diagram below?
a covalent bond
b. when atoms share a pair of electrons to form a
covalent bond
c. when ions share a pair of electrons to form a
covalent bond
d. when atoms transfer a pair of electrons to form
an ionic bond
e. when ions share a pair of electrons to form an
a. 0
ionic bond
b. 1
c. 2
3. How is the formation of a molecular compound d. 3
similar to the formation of an ionic compound?
e. 4
a. In both, electrons are transferred from one atom
to another.
7. Which of the following formulas does not represent a
b. In both, atoms fill their outer energy levels with
molecule?
electrons.
a. Cl2
c. In both, the same types of elements combine to
b. CH4
form the compound.
c. O2
d. In both, electrons are shared between two
d. CaF2
atoms.
e. PCl5
e. In both, the compound is held together by the
attraction of oppositely charged ions.
8. Which of the following statements about molecules is
false?
4. What types of elements are many molecular
a. Atoms in a molecule share electrons.
compounds composed of?
b. A molecule is composed of at least two atoms.
a. two or more metals
c. A molecule is the smallest particle of an ionic
b. two or more non-metals
compound.
c. a metal and one or more noble gases
d. The smallest particle of a pure, molecular
d. a metal and one or more non-metals
compound is a molecule.
e. two noble gases
e. Diatomic elements exist as molecules.

80 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 6.2 Review - Molecular Compounds
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

9. What number does the prefix hepta- represent? 14. What is a key reason that the properties of molecular
a. 5 compounds differ from the properties of ionic
b. 2 compounds?
c. 7 a. Ionic bonds are much weaker than covalent
d. 3 bonds.
e. 4 b. Covalent bonds are much weaker than the
attractions between molecules.
10. What number does the prefix hexa- represent? c. The attractions between molecules are much
a. 2 weaker than ionic bonds.
b. 4 d. Covalent bonds are much weaker than ionic
c. 7 bonds.
d. 6 e. The forces within a crystal lattice are much
e. 10 weaker than the forces between molecules.

11. How many atoms of each element make up a 15. What is the name of the type of plastic that most
molecule of the compound dinitrogen tetrahydride? milk jugs, like the one shown below, are made of?
a. 1 nitrogen atom and 1 hydrogen atom
b. 2 nitrogen atoms and 3 hydrogen atoms
c. 2 nitrogen atoms and 4 hydrogen atoms
d. 4 nitrogen atoms and 2 hydrogen atoms
e. 8 nitrogen atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms

12. How many atoms of each element make up a

molecule of the compound phosphorus trichloride?
a. 1 phosphorus atom and 1 chlorine atom
b. 1 phosphorus atom and 3 chlorine atoms
c. 3 phosphorus atoms and 1 chlorine atom
d. 3 phosphorus atoms and 3 chlorine atoms
e. 4 phosphorus atoms and 4 chlorine atoms a. low-density polyethylene
b. high-density polyethylene
13. Which of the following properties is shared by c. polystyrene
many molecular compounds? d. medium-density polyethylene
a. poor electrical conductivity e. low-density ethylene
b. very soluble in water
c. solid at room temperature 16. Which of the following statements about plastics is
d. high boiling point false?
e. good thermal conductor a. Polyethylenes are composed of carbon and
hydrogen.
b. Shopping bags and toys are made from
polyethylene.
c. There are very few types of plastics.
d. Ethylene is a starting material used to make
polyethylenes.
e. Density is one method of grouping polyethylenes.

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 81

Section 6.2 Review - Molecular Compounds
Written Answer

17. Why are scientists working to develop edible films?

18. Write a statement that describes the relationship between the terms covalent bond and molecular compound.

19. What happens to the electrons in a covalent bond?

20. What is the basis of the force that holds two covalently bonded atoms together?

21. How is a tug-of-war game an analogy for a covalent bond?

22. Describe how a covalent bond is represented in the Bohr-Rutherford diagram below.

23. Describe the arrangement of electrons for an atom involved in a covalent bond.

24. Why do elements tend to react so that their atoms have a full outer energy level of electrons?

82 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 6.2 Review - Molecular Compounds
Written Answer

25. Why do non-metals form covalent bonds and metals do not?

26. The Bohr-Rutherford model below represents a molecule composed of two kinds of atoms.
a. How many covalent bonds are in this molecule?

b. How many electrons are in the bonds? How many electrons are not in covalent
bonds?

27. Can a molecule be composed of just one kind of atom? Explain your reasoning and give an example.

28. How many atoms of carbon are in a molecule of carbon dioxide?

29. How many atoms does each prefix represent?

a. mono-
b. penta-
c. octa-
d. deca-

30. Explain why many molecular compounds have low melting and boiling points.

31. Why is the low solubility of carbon dioxide in water a concern for soft-drink manufacturers, and how do the
manufacturers overcome it?

32. List two concerns about the use of plastics.

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 83

Section 6.3 Review - Modelling Compounds
Multiple Choice
For each question below, select the best answer.
1. What does a Bohr-Rutherford model of a
compound show?
a. the relative sizes of the atoms or ions
b. the overall shape of a molecule
c. the spatial arrangement of the atoms or ions
d. the electron arrangement within each atom
e. the strength of attractions between molecules
2. In what way are Bohr-Rutherford models of
molecular compounds and ionic compounds alike?
a. Each model shows the electron arrangement in
each atom or ion.
b. Each model shows how the atoms are arranged
in space.
c. Each model shows the relative size of the atoms
or ions.
d. Each model shows atoms whose energy levels
overlap.
e. Each model shows charges.
3. For which of the following models would a model
kit be most helpful
a. a ball-and-stick model of a molecular compound
b. a model of the nucleus of an atom
c. a Bohr-Rutherford model of a molecular
compound
d. a space-filling model of an ionic compound
e. a Bohr-Rutherford model of an ionic compound
4. Which of the following statements about models
is true?
a. The Bohr-Rutherford model and the ball-and-
stick model are three-dimensional models.
b. The space-filling model is a two-dimensional
model.
c. The ball-and-stick model is a two-dimensional
model.
d. The Bohr-Rutherford model is a three-
dimensional model.
e. The ball-and-stick model and the space-filling
model are three-dimensional models.
84 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9
5. Choose the best description for the type of model
shown below.
a. a two-dimensional Bohr-Rutherford model
b. a two-dimensional space-filling model
c. a three-dimensional ball-and-stick model
d. a three-dimensional space-filling model
e. a three-dimensional Bohr-Rutherford model
6. Which tool or pair of tools would be the most helpful
in making a space-filling model of a protein molecule
containing over 46 000 atoms?
a. pencil and paper
b. gumdrops and toothpicks
c. a model kit
d. tennis balls
e. a computer
7. Which of the following analogies between models in
architecture and models in chemistry is true?
a. A scale model is like a Bohr-Rutherford model.
b. A blueprint is like a Bohr-Rutherford model.
c. An artist’s sketch is like a ball-and-stick model.
d. A scale model is like a space-filling model.
e. An artist’s sketch is like a space-filling model.
8. What does a space-filling model of a compound show
that other models do not?
a. the relative sizes of the atoms or ions
b. the overall shape of a molecule
c. the spatial arrangement of the atoms or ions
d. the electron arrangement within each atom
e. the strength of attractions between molecules
Section 6.3 Review - Modelling Compounds
Written Answer

9. For some compounds, such as water, the ball-and-stick model and the Bohr-Rutherford diagram do not appear
very different. What information can you get from the Bohr-Rutherford diagram that you could not get from the
ball-and-stick model?

10. Use the model below to answer the questions that follow.

a. What is the name of this type of model?

b. What type of compound is represented? How can you tell?

c. What is the name of this compound?

11. In a Bohr-Rutherford diagram of a molecular compound, how many electrons can an atom of hydrogen have?
Explain your reasoning.

12. Why might it be important to see the shape of a molecule?

13. Why is it easier to show the proper orientation of atoms using a model kit than using gumdrops and toothpicks?

14. Why is it better to build a ball-and-stick model rather than to draw a picture of one?

15. Why would a space-filling model be difficult to build using household materials?

16. Why are space-filling models very useful in studying large, complex biological molecules?

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 85

Chapter 6 Review - Understanding the Properties of Compounds
Multiple Choice
For each question below, select the best answer.
1. A sulfur atom has 16 protons, 18 neutrons, and 16
electrons. A sulfide ion has a 2– charge. Which of
the following is the correct number of particles that
make up a sulfide ion?
a. 18 protons, 18 neutrons, and 16 electrons
b. 16 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons
c. 18 protons, 16 neutrons, and 16 electrons
d. 14 protons, 18 neutrons, and 16 electrons
e. 15 protons, 17 neutrons, and 17 electrons
2. Which of the following statements is true?
a. An ion is negative if it has more protons than it
has electrons.
b. An ion is negative if it has more electrons than
it has protons.
c. An ion is neutral if it has an equal number of
electrons and protons.
d. An ion is positive if it has more electrons than it
has protons.
e. An ion is positive if it has more protons than it
has neutrons.
3. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A lithium ion has a 1+ charge because it gained
one electron.
b. A magnesium ion has a 2– charge because it
lost two electrons.
c. A sulfide ion has a 2– charge because it gained
two electrons.
d. A chloride ion has a 1+ charge because it gained
one electron.
e. An aluminum ion has a 3– charge because it lost
three electrons.
4. Which of the following statements about the
composition of compounds is true?
a. Many molecular compounds are composed of a
metal and a non-metal.
b. Many ionic compounds are composed of two or
more metals.
c. Many molecular compounds are composed of
two or more metals.
d. Many ionic compounds are composed of a
metal and one or more noble gases.
e. Many ionic compounds are composed of a
metal and one or more non-metals.
86 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9
5. How many atoms of each element make up a molecule
of the compound sulfur hexafluoride?
a. 1 sulfur and 1 fluorine
b. 2 sulfur and 3 fluorine
c. 6 sulfur and 1 fluorine
d. 1 sulfur and 6 fluorine
e. 6 sulfur and 6 fluorine
6. Which of the following compounds is not correctly
identified?
a. Carbon disulfide is a molecular compound.
b. Phosphorus pentachloride is a molecular
compound.
c. KF is a molecular compound.
d. Sodium bromide is an ionic compound.
e. NaNO3 is an ionic compound.
7. Which statement about the properties of compounds
is false?
a. Ionic compounds have low melting points.
b. Many molecular compounds are poor electrical
conductors.
c. Many molecular compounds have low melting
points.
d. Ionic compounds in the solid state do not conduct
electric current.
e. Many ionic compounds dissolve in water.
8. Which of the following statements about the
compound represented by the model shown below is
true?
a. This is an ionic compound with each ion being
repelled by other ions.
b. This is a molecular compound with molecules that
are loosely held together.
c. This is an ionic compound with covalently bonded
molecules.
d. This is an ionic compound with each ion
surrounded by oppositely charged ions.
e. This is a molecular compound with covalently
bonded ions.
Chapter 6 Review - Understanding the Properties of Compounds
Written Answer

9. Indicate whether the formation of each ion involved a loss or gain of electrons, and state the number of electrons
that were lost or gained.
a. F–
b. Ba2+

10. How many electrons would each of these atoms need to gain to have a full outer energy level?
a. Br

b. S

c. Ne

11. How is a covalent bond similar to an ionic bond?

12. Identify each compound as ionic or molecular based on its chemical formula. Explain your reasoning
a. CsBr
b. CF4

13. Identify each compound as ionic or molecular based on its name. Explain your reasoning.
a. nitrogen dioxide

b. silver iodide

14. Give an example of an ionic compound and of a molecular compound that are composed
of the element chlorine.

15. Describe how electrons are involved in the formation of each compound. Explain your answers.
a. sulfur dichloride

b. magnesium sulfide

16. The model below provides one view of the compound methane, CH4.
a. What type of compound is methane?

b. What type of model is shown?

c. Can you tell from this model how many valence electrons of the central atom are not in bonds? If not, what
model would help answer this question?

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 87

Chapter 6 Review - Understanding the Properties of Compounds
Written Answer

17. During the formation of an ionic compound, can the number of electrons lost by metal atoms be greater than the
number of electrons gained by non-metal atoms? Explain your reasoning.

18. Why would two non-metals not form an ionic compound?

19. Explain why it is correct to say that the high melting point of an ionic compound is due to very strong ionic
bonds.

20. Given equal amounts of the compounds, the more ions that a compound contains, the bigger effect the compound
has in lowering the freezing point of a given amount of water.
a. Which compound would you expect to lower the freezing point of a given amount of water more, calcium
chloride or sodium chloride? Explain your reasoning.

b. Give two reasons that a compound might not be used even if it has a greater effect.

21. Fluoride has been added to drinking water in many communities because it helps to prevent tooth decay. Recently,
there has been controversy associated with adding fluoride to drinking water. Prepare a public bulletin for your
local paper, highlighting some concerns that have been raised.

22. Develop a table that summarizes some advantages and disadvantages of fertilizer use.

23. Explain the relationship between the terms ionic bond, chemical bond, and covalent bond.

24. A student gathered the following data about the properties of three compounds during an experiment. Based on
the data, determine whether the compounds are ionic or molecular. Explain your reasoning for each conclusion.
Observations about Compounds A, B, and C

Substance Appearance Solubility in Water Conductivity of Solution

A white crystals very soluble good

B white crystals very soluble poor

C colourless gas not very soluble poor

88 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9

Chapter 6 Review - Understanding the Properties of Compounds
Written Answer

25. What do the names of the compounds carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide tell you about the similarities and
differences in the composition of these compounds?

26. Which compound would you expect to have a lower melting point, nitrogen monoxide or aluminum chloride?
Explain your reasoning.

27. The molecules of a molecular compound move freely past one another in the liquid state. Explain why even under
these conditions, a molecular compound is a poor electrical conductor.

28. What type of compound would you expect to have a stronger odour, ionic compounds or molecular compounds?
Explain your reasoning.

29. Your friend proposes that water should be classified as an ionic compound because it forms a hard, crystalline
solid and mixes completely with water. What would you say to your friend’s proposal?

30. When a bottle of a carbonated drink is opened, bubbles form in the drink, as shown.

a. Identify two molecular compounds that are present in the bottle.

b. Explain why bubbles form in a carbonated drink when the cap is loosened or removed.

31. Some molecular compounds, such as those used in edible films, are soluble in water. Surgeons often use a soluble
material for stitches inside the body. What is a major benefit of this technology?

32. Draw a Bohr-Rutherford model for a molecule of fluorine (F2).

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 89

Unit 2 Review - Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
1. In an investigation, a student must determine the density of a corrosive liquid.
a. Name two pieces of laboratory equipment that could be used to perform this investigation. Explain why each
piece is needed.

b. Describe any safety precautions that should be taken during this investigation.

2. What properties of tungsten make it useful as the filament in a light bulb? Explain how each property plays a role in
the working of the light bulb.

3. The detective in a murder mystery determines that the victim was given small amounts of a poison over a long
period of time. What can you infer about the toxicity and stability of the substance? Explain your reasoning.

4. Why is steel preferred to aluminum for use in car bodies, even though aluminum is corrosion resistant and less
dense?

5. Summarizes the negative and positive effects of the use of propane in society.

6. The compound t-butyl mercaptan is similar to compounds found in a skunk’s spray. Explain why the
properties of this compound make it useful as an additive to odourless natural gas that is piped into
homes for use in heating and cooking.

7. An effervescent tablet is placed in a glass of water and bubbles form, as shown on the right. When you look at the
list of ingredients, you notice that the tablet is a mixture of several different compounds, including sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
a. Based on these observations, what chemical property would you use to describe the effervescent tablet?

b. You add some pure sodium bicarbonate to water. You observe that it dissolves but does not fizz as the tablet
did. What does this tell you?

c. Based on this new evidence, what hypothesis can you make to explain the formation of the gas?

d. What type of compound is sodium bicarbonate?

8. Identify each element described.

a. a metal that is in the third period and has two valence electrons

b. a non-metal whose atoms have two protons more than a carbon atom

c. a noble gas that has four occupied energy levels

d. an alkali metal whose atoms are smaller than the radius of an atom of sodium

90 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9

Unit 2 Review - Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Written Answer

9. Design an illustration that summarizes the trend in reactivity of metals within a group in the periodic table. Make sure
to incorporate both the trend in atomic size and the changes in valence electrons that metal atoms tend to undergo.

10. Develop step-wise instructions to rank the order of atomic size for a series of atoms. Then, explain how your
instructions can be used to list the following elements in order of increasing atomic size: sulfur (S), argon (Ar), indium
(In), and aluminum (Al).

11. How does the outermost occupied energy level of a calcium ion (Ca2+) compare with the outermost occupied energy
level of a sulfide ion (S2–)? Describe the formation of each ion from its neutral atom.

12. You see an advertisement for a water purification system on television. The spokesperson demonstrates that the water is
“100 percent pure” by showing how a light bulb shines when a conductivity tester is placed in the water. Write a
comment for a consumer information blog explaining what is wrong with the demonstration and claim.

13. If you read the list of ingredients of a solid room freshener, would you expect to see ionic compounds or molecular
compounds? Explain your reasoning.

14. Study the model of the compound shown on the right.

a. What type of model is shown?

b. State the identity of each element in the diagram and what type of element it is. Explain your reasoning.

c. Are the four identical atoms isotopes of one another? Explain.

d. What kind of chemical bonds and what kind of compound are shown?

e. What is the name of this compound?

15. Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide molecules bind to hemoglobin, which reduces the amount
of oxygen that the hemoglobin can carry throughout the body. Write the formula for carbon monoxide and for oxygen
gas. Why carbon monoxide can bind to hemoglobin in the same place that oxygen binds.

16. Write a short article about an important chemistry-related development. Include different aspects, such as the chemical
principles of the development, what important contribution was made, and any potential positive and negative
consequences that may be associated with it.

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements and Compounds 91

Unit 2 Review - Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Literacy Test Prep
Read the selection below, and answer the questions that follow it.
Diamonds
Carbon comes in a variety of forms. As black,
graphite powder, it is a very good dry lubricant for
machinery. In the form of pencil “lead,” graphite
helps students across Canada complete their
schoolwork. But these forms are not as
glamorous as diamond.
Diamond is a crystalline form of carbon.
Diamonds are prized as gemstones because of
their high lustre and transparency. Natural
diamonds actually appear rather dull. The
characteristic sparkle comes from the proper
cutting and polishing of the natural diamond to
take advantage of how diamonds bend, or refract,
light. Diamond is the hardest natural substance
known, so diamonds are used to cut and polish
other diamonds. In fact, the biggest industrial use
of diamonds is for drilling and grinding purposes.
For these applications, synthetic diamonds are
preferred over natural diamonds because their
size and shape can be made to order. Diamonds
are made in Canada using a process called
Carbon Vapour Deposition (CVD), but the High-
Pressure High-Temperature method (HP-HT) is
used in many other countries.
Canada is the third largest diamond producer in
the world. However, care must be taken to mine
responsibly because the mines are located in
sensitive environments that provide essential
resources for local Aboriginal peoples.
92 MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements and Compounds 978-0-07-031851-9
Multiple Choice
For each question below, select the best answer.
17. In which of the following applications is the element
carbon not used?
a. lubrication
b. lighting
c. jewellery
d. pencils
18. The characteristic sparkle of diamonds is produced by
a. cutting and polishing diamonds
b. the CVD method
c. soaking diamonds in acid
d. no special method
19. A method for producing synthetic diamonds is
a. low-pressure low-temperature
b. open-pit mining
c. carbon vapour deposition
d. diamond vapour deposition
20. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Diamonds are not produced in Canada.
b. Only natural diamonds are produced in Canada.
c. Only synthetic diamonds are produced in Canada.
d. Both natural and synthetic diamonds are produced
in Canada.
21. The purpose of the diagram is to show
a. how diamonds are mined
b. how to get to the diamond mines in Canada
c. where synthetic diamonds are made
d. where diamond mining occurs in Canada
e. the top-producing diamond mine in the world
Written Answer
22. Describe one property of diamond that makes it useful
in jewellery and another property of diamond that makes it
useful in industry.
Unit 2 Review - Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Literacy Test Prep

Read the selection below, and answer the questions that follow it.

Mercury Multiple Choice

Mercury is a dense, silvery-white metal. Like

For each question below, select the best answer.
most metals, it is shiny and is a good conductor
of heat and electric current. However, mercury
has a low melting point and is a liquid at room 23. Mercury is like most metals in all the following
temperature. It is easily recovered from the properties except
mineral cinnabar, HgS, by heating. a. high lustre
b. state
Mercury has been used for thousands of years. c. thermal conductivity
One of the best-known cinnabar mines has been d. electrical conductivity
operating for more than 2000 years. Vermillion, a
red paint, was made using cinnabar. Mercury is 24. Mercury is produced through
also used in dental fillings and in the extraction of a. electrolysis of chlorine
gold because of its ability to form alloys, known b. the creation of gold amalgams
as amalgams, with metals. The liquid mercury c. heating the compound HgS
flows over gold-bearing sand or rock and d. microbial action
dissolves the gold. The gold is then recovered by
heating the amalgam to evaporate the mercury. 25. A use of mercury that continues in Canada is
Mercury has also been used in homes in a. chlorine production
thermometers and thermostat switches. b. gold recovery
With its long history of uses comes a long history c. paint production
of problems. For example, mercury was once d. felt hat production
used in the making of felt hats. The phrase “mad
as a hatter” refers to a condition that many 26. A chemical property of mercury is its
people who worked with these hats developed a. low melting point
from their prolonged exposure to mercury. The b. electrical conductivity
condition was the result of damage to the brain c. toxicity
and nervous system caused by the mercury. In d. shininess
addition, the action of microbes can convert any
mercury that enters the environment into a more 27. The purpose of the information in the third paragraph
toxic form. This form of mercury can become is to
concentrated in wildlife, making the wildlife a. show the reader the useful properties of mercury
dangerous to eat. b. encourage the reader to promote mercury use
c. provide a historical look at the uses of mercury
Mercury metal in Canada is still used in some
d. inform the reader of problems associated with
electrical equipment and for producing chlorine
mercury
by electrolysis for the paper industry. However, in
Canada, use of mercury in gold recovery, paints,
pigments, and industrial chemicals has stopped. Written Answer

28. Many people have expressed concern over the use

of a preservative in vaccines that contains small amounts of mercury. What would researchers look for to
determine whether the preservative is hazardous?

MHR • Unit 2 Atoms, Elements and Compounds 93