‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Almugtaribeen university
College of Engineering
Civil
5th years
Chapter Three:
Prepare by:
1- Mohamed Abdalbagi Omer
2- Ahmed Hassan Mohammed
3- Mustafa hasb Elrasoul Elmakki
4- Ahmed Siddig Mirghani
5- Ahmed Zubair Abbas
6- Abdalrhman Zoelkifl Mohamed
7- Ahmed Ezz aldeen Satti
8- Mrwan Mohammed Osman
9- Abdalrhman Hassan Ali
10- Ahmed Ismail Ahmed
11- Ibrahim Amir Ibrahim
12- Ahmed Simsaa Gasmelsied
13- Mohamed Mustafa Ali
14- Alnzeer Usif Alsharief
15-Abdalfattah essam Abdalfattah
A.D. Abbas Abdulla
 U 2 F cos 
s     3.9 
kd r
Where: -
d s  Reservoir depth in metres.
F  Wind fetch in km.
  Angle of the wind to the fetch.
U  Wind speed km/hr. at a height of 10 meters.
k  Constant about 62 000

1 3
2
Q 2 g bCd H 2     3.19a 
2
3
1 3
Or  Q  g bC1 H     3.19b 
2 2

 3
1


Or  Q  C2bH C2 dim ension
2
L2 
    3.19c 
 
 T 
 

Where: -
Q= discharge
H= The head on the gated spillway
Cd = coefficient
b = notch with width
g = gravity
Fig.No.(3.1): Significant Wave Height Based on
Donelan and Jonswap Equation
 Fig. No. (3.7): Overfall Spillways Gates- Offsets

Example: 1

The inflow hydrograph into a reservoir is given by the first two

columns in the second table. The relationship between the

storage volume in the reservoir (taking storage at crest level as
zero) and

the head above the crest level is given by the first column in the
first table (Obtained from equation 3.5). a simple overall
spillway is

to be designed which would limit the maximum head on the

spillway crest to 3.0 m.

Solution: -
Initially assume a spillway of length 200 m. and a constant
discharge coefficient of 0.75. The spillway capacity is given by
equation (3.19): -

1 3
2
Q 2 g bCd H 2     3.19a 
2
3
1 3
Or  Q  g 2 bC1 H 2     3.19b 
 3
1


Or  Q  C2bH C2 dim ension
2
L2 
    3.19c 
 T 

 

1 3 3 3
2 2
Q 2 g bCd H     3.19a    4.43  200  0.75H  443.0 H 2
2 2 2
3 3
3
The maximum inflow of 3300 m / sec has to be reduced by flood
3

routing = 443  3 = 2300 m / sec

2 3

Taking the time step in the computation (routing period) as: -

10.0 hrs = 36000 sec. Compute the following:

H(m.) V 106 m3 3
O m / sec 2V
 O  m3 / sec 
t
0.5 45 156 2656
1.0 90 443 5443
1.5 138 814 8480
2.0 188 1253 11697
2.5 243 1751 15251
3.0 300 2302 18969
Using the above values and the given inflow hydrograph compute
the following table (interpolating values from above as necessary)
equation (3.8).

T(h.) I m3 / sec I1  I 2 O m3 / sec 2V 2V

- O m3 / sec + O m3 / sec
t t
0 200 0 0 0
10 960 1160 68 1024 1160
20 1720 2680 263 3176 3704
30 2480 4200 679 6018 7376
 40 3240 5720 1259 9220 11738
50 2860 6100 1761 11798 15320
60 2480 5340 2031 13076 17138
70 2100 4580 2107 13441 17656
80 1720 3820 2049 13163 17261
90 1340 3060 1895 12433 16223
100 960 2300 1678 14733

3 3
The maximum out flow is 2107 m / sec (<2300 m / sec ), and the
maximum head on the spillway: -
2
 2103  3
H    2.83 m
 443 
For a preliminary design this is satisfactory result. Note that the
maximum out flow is equal to the inflow at that time.

Example: 2

The inflow to a reservoir has an average sediment concentration of

800 ppm. If the volume of the reservoir is 100  10 m and the
6 3

annual flow of the river is 900  10 m ,determine the approximate

6 3

half-life of the reservoir. Assume that the average porosity of the

settled sediment over the period is 0.4.

Solution: -

For the empty reservoir the ratio of capacity and annual inflow is
100 50
 0.111 ; for half full reservoir this ratio is  0.055
900 900
From figure (3.2) the trap efficiency of the full reservoir is about 89
% and for half reservoir 71%, and the average is thus = 80 %.
The annual sediment discharge is
900 106  800
Qs 
10  s
6 
  m3 / year 
The annual bulk discharge assuming

  103 kg / m3 , and ,  s  2650 kg / m3 is

900 106  800
Qb  3 = 452 830  m3 / year 
10  2650 1  0.4 
The half-life of the reservoir is: -
50 106
= 138  years 
452 830  0.8