Methodological Design

Methodological Design
V-model
Johan van Dijk

Saxion University of Applied Sciences
Course contents
 Introduction
 V-model
 Project Setup
 System Requirements
 Functional Design
 Technical Design
2
Projects
 Building a shopping centre, bridge or ship
 Developing a new product
 Developing a marketing plan or export plan
 Reducing waiting lists at hospitals
 Doing a theater production or film
 Conducting research for a thesis
 Organizing a major event (exhibition, sports
or pop festival)
 Implementing software at a company
 Setting up a website
 ……..
3
Managing a Project
Project Life Cycle
 Initiation
 Planning
 Execution
 Closure
4
Activities
Execution of the project
 Research
 Designing
 Realising
 Testing
 ……
5
Organizing activities in a project
Project Management +
6 Methodological Design
Managing a Project
Project Initiation
7
Managing a Project
Project Planning
8
Managing a
Project
Project Execution
Build Deliverables
 Methodological Design
9
Managing a Project
Project Closure
10
Principles of methodological design

 Think first, then act!
 Think through project in detail from

start to finish AND from finish to start.
 Work from global to detail:

Top-down working: First the big
picture, then the details!
11
Objectives
 Minimization of Project Risks

 Improvement and Guarantee of Quality
 Reduction of Total Cost over the Entire
Project and System Life Cycle
 Improvement of Communication between
all Stakeholders
12
Initiation → Feasibility Study
 Problem areas
 Similar products
 Patents
 Regulations (Machine, Low Voltage, EMC, …)
 ...
13
V-model
14
V-model
Design Test
15
Realise
Project setup
 User requirements
 Project plan
(managing the project)
16
System
Requirements
 Detailed functional requirements

(behavior of the system)
 Detailed technical requirements
17
Functional Design
1. Analysis of the system requirements

2. Concept principles
3. Detailing chosen concept
a) Mechanical concept
b) Electrical concept
c) Electronic concept
18 d) Software concept
Technical Design
 Basic schematics and drawings

 Simulation
 Calculating and selecting components
 Detailed design
19
Realisation
 Mechanical – Making components and

unit assembling
 Electrical-Electronic – Making PCBs and
unit assembling
 Software – unit coding
20
Research
V-model
Research Research
21
V-model • Problem definition

Research in each • Main – sub questions
phase • Analyse: variables
• Data collecting:
• Method - instruments
• Data processing
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
22
Research
Data collecting methods - Instruments
23
V-model
Project setup

Project setup
 User Requirements
• Description of the system as
expected by the user
 Project Plan
• Managing the project
 Site Acceptance Test (SAT)
25
Project setup
Project goals
 Project goals should be SMART

• S – Specific
• M – Measurable
• A – Acceptable / Attainable
• R – Realistic
• T – Time-bound
26
Project setup
Project aspects
 Aspects of a project
• T - Time
• M - Money
• Q - Quality
• I - Information
• O - Organization
27
Project setup
User Requirements
 Starting document for the system designers
 Description of the system as expected by
the user
• functional
• physical
• interface
• performance
• security requirements
• safety
• environment
28 • ….
Project setup
Site Acceptance Test
 Document with the user/client

acceptance test → validation
• Direct relation with the User Requirements
29
Project setup
Project Plan
 Document for managing the project

 Necessary for writing a Project Plan:
• The objectives of the project
• The expertise needed
• The time and effort needed
• Authorisation to make decisions
30
Project setup
Project Plan
Background info Where (in what environment) will the project be carried out?
Project results Why carry out this project and what is the desired final result?
Project activities What do we need to do to achieve the project goal?
Project limits What are the boundaries of the project?
The products What are the intermediate products?
Quality control How can we ensure the sufficient quality of all products?
Project organization Who is participating and how do we plan to collaborate?
Schedule Who is doing what / when?
Costs and benefits What will the project cost and what will it yield?
Risks What could cause the project to fail?

31
Project Activities
• Major activities (phases) based on
the V-model
• Per phase sub-activities
• State research question for the
major phases
32
Project limits
Start of project
Project Boundaries
Activity
Activity
Project boundaries must

be specific!
End of project
33
Quality Control
Quality of
Activity intermediate product
yields Q
Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q Quality
of projectresult
Numerous project
Numerous intermediate products
activities
All intermediate products
together = Project result
34
Project Organisation
Main functions in a project organisation:
 Project leader
 Documentation & Material Administrator
 Quality Controller
 Designer (all group members)
For each function should be described:

 Tasks
 Responsibilities
 Authorities
35
Schedule
Gantt Chart
Activities-Tasks Milestones
Software: Microsoft Projects
36 GanttProject
V-model
System Requirements

System
Requirements
 Detailed functional requirements

(behavior of the system)
 Detailed technical requirements
 Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) Plan
38
System Requirements
Analyse + Research
 Analysis of the User Requirements
by Engineers
• Interview user/stakeholders to
change/add requirements (research)
• Possibilities and Techniques (research)
39
System Requirements
Stakeholders
 operator
 manufacturer
 seller
 transporter
 maintainer
 dismantler
40
System Requirements
Functional
 Detailed Functional Description
• Use scenarios
• User requirements
• System Functions
 Detailed Functional Requirements
• User interface (i.e. sample windows)
• External interfaces
41
System Requirements
Functional
42
System Requirements
Technical
 Detailed Technical Requirements (1/2)
• Safety
• Cost
• Physical properties
• Environment
• General design requirements
43
System Requirements
Technical
 Detailed Technical Requirements (2/2)
• Mechanical
• Electrical and Electronic
• Software
• Production and assembly
• Reliability
• Maintainability
44
System Requirements
Technical
45
System Requirements
Quality Assurance Provisions
 Qualification goal
• Installation Qualification (IQ)
• Operational Qualification (OQ)
• Performance Qualification (PQ)
 Verification method
• Inspection (I)
• Demonstration (D)
• Test (T)
46
• Analysis (A)
System Requirements
Quality Assurance
 Functional
 Technical
 Quality
47
V-model
Functional Design

Functional Design
High Level Design
1. Analysis of the system requirements

2. Concept principles
3. Detailing chosen concept
a) Mechanical concept
b) Electrical concept
c) Electronic concept
49 d) Software concept
Functional Design
Generating and selecting concepts
(research)
 Analyse requirement(s)
 Define key parameters
 Brainstorming
 Generate concept ideas for key parameters
 Select concept(s)
 Morphological analysis
 Weighed criteria analysis
50
Functional Design
Phase flow diagram
51
Functional Design
Mechanical concept principles
e.g. Speed reduction
e.g. Transportation
52
Functional Design
Electro-mechanical concept principles
e.g. Motor type
rotating-DC rotating-AC
linear
stepper servo
53
Functional Design
Electrical/electronic concept principles
 e.g. Topology
 e.g. Processing platform
54 FPGA Microcontroller PLC PC

Functional Design
Morphological analysis
Concept ideas
Key parameters
55
Functional Design
Weighed criteria analysis
56
Functional Design
Morphological/weighed criteria analysis
57
Functional Design
System architecture
58
Functional Design
Detailing chosen concept
59 e.g. Mechanical
Functional Design
60 e.g. Electrical: Block diagrams and their interfaces

Functional Design
61 e.g. Electronic: Block diagrams and their interfaces

Functional Design
e.g. Software: Structure Charts - Block diagrams

with their interfaces
62
V-model
Technical Design

Technical Design
Low Level Design
 Basic schematics and drawings

 Simulation
 Calculating and selecting
components
 Detailed design
64  Unit Test Plan
Technical Design
Weighed criteria component selection
65
Technical Design
Mechanical
3D and 2D
mechanical design
66
Technical Design
Electrical
67
Schematics (e.g. EPLAN)
Technical Design
Electronic
Schematics - PCB design
68
Technical Design
Software
Nassi-Shneiderman diagram
Flowchart
Pseudo code
69

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Johan van Dijk

Organizing activities in a project

Principles of methodological design

 Think through project in detail from

 Work from global to detail:

 Minimization of Project Risks

 Detailed functional requirements

1. Analysis of the system requirements

 Basic schematics and drawings

 Mechanical – Making components and

V-model • Problem definition

Saxion University of Applied Sciences

 Project goals should be SMART

 Document with the user/client

 Document for managing the project

Project activities What do we need to do to achieve the project goal?

Project limits What are the boundaries of the project?

The products What are the intermediate products?

Project organization Who is participating and how do we plan to collaborate?

Schedule Who is doing what / when?

Risks What could cause the project to fail?

Project boundaries must

For each function should be described:

Saxion University of Applied Sciences

 Detailed functional requirements

Saxion University of Applied Sciences

1. Analysis of the system requirements

 e.g. Processing platform

54 FPGA Microcontroller PLC PC

60 e.g. Electrical: Block diagrams and their interfaces

61 e.g. Electronic: Block diagrams and their interfaces

e.g. Software: Structure Charts - Block diagrams

Saxion University of Applied Sciences

 Basic schematics and drawings

Schematics - PCB design

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