PINNAACLE CLASSES

1. (a) : M.O. configuration of

O2
(σ 1s 2 )(σ∗1s2 )(σ 2s 2 )(σ∗2s 2 )( σ 2 p2z )( π2 p2x=π 2 p 2y )
( π∗2 p1x=π∗2 p1y )

−
2. (a) :
SO 2− 3
4 and BF 4 have sp hybridisation and are tetrahedral in shape.

3. (b) Equal sharing of electrons between two atoms takes place.

4. (a) : Smaller the size of the cation, more is the covalent character.

5. (b) : Density of ice is less than water due to an open-cage structure formed by hydrogen bonding.

6. (b) : For the formation of an ionic bond, the electronegativities of two atoms should differ by more than 1 .7 .

7. (a) : In (i), the lp are at equatorial position so there are less lp-lp repulsions compared to other positions. Hence, T – shape is most
stable.

8. (c) : Bonding molecular orbital has lower energy than the antibonding molecular orbital.

9. (b) : Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed within the same molecule.

10. (a) When two atoms combine to form a stable molecule, there is attraction between the mobile electrons and kernel resulting into
liberation of energy.

11. (c) The correct Lewis diagram is .

12. (b) Steric number = 0 + 3 = 3; so sp2 hybridisation

13. (c) (a) both are sp3d (b) both are sp3d

(c) [ClF2O]+ is sp3 but [ClF4O]– is sp3d2

(d) both are sp3d2

14. (b) (a)

(b) Number of bond pairs around I = 2. Number of lone pairs around I = 3.

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15. (b)

16. (d) As size of terminal atoms increases the bond angle increases due to steric repulsion.

17. (c) The electron density is zero in the nodal plane during the formation of a molecular orbital from atomic orbitals of the same
atom.

18. (b) Cs has lowest IE1 amongst the metals and F has higher electron affinity. So Cs and F form most ionic compound.

19. (b) K on account of lower IE1st can easily form K+ ion losing one electron.

20. (c) NF3  = 0.80 × 10–30 Cm.

21. (c)

22. (b) ; there is positive charge on two adjacent nitrogen atoms. This leads to repulsion and thus increases the
energy of the molecule.

23. (d)

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24. (c)

25. (b) Benzene (C6H6) being non-polar has only london dispersion forces on account of unsymmetrical distribution of electron at any
instant of time producing dipoles.

26. (a)

27. (c) (a) According to VSEPR theory as electronegativity of central atom decreases, bond angle decreases. So bond angle of H2O >
H2S > H2 Se > H2Te

(b) C2H2 > C2H4 > CH4 > NH3 . In NH3 there is bp-lp repulsion so bond angle decreases to 107º from 109.5º.
sp sp2 sp3 sp3
180º 120º 109.5º 107º
(c) SF6 < NH3 < H2O < OF2 in this case bond angle of NH3 is highest because lp - lp repulsion is absent in. it.
(d) BF3 > H2O > H2S > SF6

> >
sp 2
sp 3
sp3 sp3d2
(104.5º) (92º) (90º)
Note : It is supposed that in H2S the hybrid orbitals do not participate in bonding but pure p-atomic orbitals
participate in bonding.

28. (c) ClO– : ; ClO2– : ;

ClO3– : ; ClO4– :

29. (d) KO2 exists as K+ & O2– .

In O2–, superoxide ion there are total number of electrons = 16 + 1 = 17.

MOT configuration = 
O2– has one unpaired electron in antibonding *2py1 . So it is paramagnetic.

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30. (b) According to Fajan's rule bigger the anion more will be the polarisability of anion. As a result, there will be more polarisation
leading to increased covalent character i.e. lesser ionic character in the compound, AlI3.

31. (b) In case of single bond, there is only one  bond, in case of double bond, there is one  and one  bond while in case of triple
bond, there is one  and two  bonds. Thus, angular shape of ozone (O3) contains 2 and 1  bond as.

32. (d)
33. (b) For sp2 hybridisation, there must be 3-bonds or 2-bonds along with a long pair of electrons.

(i) NO2–  2 + 1 p = 3, i.e., sp2 hybridisation (ii) NH3  3 + 1 p = 4, i.e., sp3 hybridisation
(iii) BF3  3 + 0 p = 3, i.e., sp2 hybridisation (iv) NH2–  2 + 2p = 4, i.e., sp3 hybridisation
(v) H2O  2 + 2 p = 4, i.e., sp3 hybridisation
Thus, among the given pairs, only BF3 and NO2– have sp2 hybridisation.

34. (a) P4O10 has the following structure :

Thus, the number of bridging oxygen atoms = 6.

35. (d) BF4– hybridisation sp3, tetrahedral structure.

NH4+ hybridisation sp3, tetrahedral structure.

36. (a) SF4 has sp3d hybridisation and seesaw shape (4bp + 1p) and resultant  0.

N+
O
H H
 N O
H
O=N=O –
O
37. (d) sp sp
2
sp3

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38. (a) CO

No of electron in CO = 6 + 8 = 14

(i) CO 1S2, 1S2,  2S2, 2S2,

All electrons are paired so diamagnetic

(ii) O2 1S2, 1S2,  2S2, 2S2, 2PZ2

Unpaired electron = 2 (Paramagnetic)

(iii) B2 1S2, 1S2, 2S2, 2S2 (Paramagnetic)

(iv) NO 1S2, 1S2, 2S2, 2S2, 2PZ2 (Paramagnetic)

CO esa bysDVªksuks dh la[;k = 6 + 8 = 14

(i) CO 1S2, 1S2,  2S2, 2S2,

39. (d) Cl F3 the number of lone pairs of electrons on cetral atom 'Cl' is 2.

40. (a) Word ‘hypo’ reveals that in it I is in + 1 oxidation state, i.e., it is iodous (I) acid or HOI.

H–O–
 In it, iodine atom uses sp3 hybrid orbitals.

41. (c) Hybridisation of N is sp3 (3 B.P.+1L.P.).

42. (a) Oxygen molecule (O2) : O2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px1 = *2p1y)

*2p z

2 p x 2 p y

 2 p x =  2p y

2 p z

2 s

O (A O ) O (A O )

2 s
O 2(M O )
M .O . E ne rgy le vel d iag ra m fo r O2 m ole cule
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43. (d) NO+ is derivative of O2 ; NO+ (isoelectronic with O22+) 1s2 * 1s2 2s2 * 2s2 2p2z 2p2x 2p2y

Bond order = = 3.
CN is derivative of N2 ; CN– (isoelectronic with N2) 1s2 * 1s2 2s2 * 2s2 2p2x 2p2y 2p2z
–

Bond order = = 3.

44. (c) Covalent character in ionic compounds is governed by Fazan’s Rule. AlCl3 will show Maximum covalent character on
account of higher polarising power of Al3+ because of its having higher positive charge and smaller size.

45. (b) Li2 1s2 1s2 2s2 Bond order = 1

Li2+ 1s2 1s2 2s1 Bond order = 0.5

Li2– 1s2 1s2 2s2 2s1  Bond order = 0.5
Stability order Li2 > Li2+ > Li2–

46. (c) a-1; b-5; c-4; d-3

(a) , BP = 2. LP = 3 (sp3d) Linear
(b) BP = 2, LP = 2 (sp3); Angular
(c) , BP = 4, LP = 2 (sp3d2); Squareplanar
(d) , BP = 4, LP = 0 (sp3) Tetrahedral

47. (b)IIandIII
Concept: Overlapping of only same phase creates bonding.
(I) There is no case of bonding as a positive phase cannot simultaneously make bond with other
orbital's positive as well as negative phase
(II) This creates bonding of p and d orbital.
(III) This creates bonding of two 'p' orbitals.
(IV) This is the case of anti-bonding of two fd' orbitals.

48. (b) significant interaction between B and F in BF3 whereas there is no possibility of such
interaction between C and F in CF4
The bond dissociation energy of B - F in BF3 is 646 kJ mol-1 whereas that of C - F in CF4 is 515
kJ mol due to significant interaction between B and F in BF3 whereas there is no
possibility of such interaction between C and F in CF4

49. (c) PF5 and SF6 have expanded octet

50. (c) Correct order of increasing bond length is

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51. (d) :
CaCl 2 →Ca 2+ +2Cl−
Ca2 + + 2e− → Ca
2moles 1 Moles ( 40 g)
40 g 0of Ca ¿ 2F
100 g of Ca ¿ 5F

PbSO 4( s ) PbO 2
52. (a) : On charging the battery the reaction is reversed and is converted into Pb at anode and at cathode.

2+
53. (d) : Cell reaction: Cu+Hg →Cu 2+ + Hg

54. (c) : Iron coated with zinc does not get rusted even if cracks appear on the surface because Zn will take part in redox reaction not
Fe as Zn is more reactive than Fe. If iron is coated with tin and cracks appear on the surface Fe will take part in redox reaction
because Sn is less reactive than Fe.

55. (a) : If a external potential of 1.1 V is applied to the cell, the reaction stops and no current flows through the cell, any further
increase in external potential again starts the reaction but in opposite direction and the cell function as an electrolytic cell.

56. (b) :
Zn|Zn2 +||H + , H 2|Pt or
Zn|ZnSO 4||H 2 SO 4|H 2 , Pt

57. (b) : At equilibrium

E cell becomes zero which means no current is generated by the cell at his point Eº cell remains constant hence
equilibrium constant is related to
Eº cell

k ×1000
=
58. (c) : Solubility
Δº m
1 .821×10−5 ×1000
= =13 . 97×10−5 mol L−1
130 . 26
=13 . 97×10−5 ×143 .5 ( AgCl=108+35 . 5=143 . 5)
=2.004×10−2 g L−1

59. (b) :
Δº m NaBr=Δº m NaCl+ Δº m KBr−Δº m KCl

60. (a) :
BaCl 2 → Ba2+ +2 Cl−
Δº BaCl = Δº Ba2+ +2 Δº Cl =127+(2×76 )
2

=279 ohm−1 cm2 eq−1

Equivalent conductivity
279
= =139 . 5 ohm−1 cm 2 eq−1
2

61. (c) : Specific conductance=S m−1

62. (a) : Conductivity decreases because number of ions per unit volume deceases.

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MnO−4 + 5 e− → Mn 2+
5 moles 1 mole
63. (d) : 1 mole

5 moles of electrons are needed for reduction of 1 mole of

MnO−4 to Mn 2+
5 moles of electrons = 5 Faradays
Quantity of charge required =5×96500
=4 . 825×10 5 Coulombs
64. (d) : When an aqueous solution of NaCl is electrolysed hydrogen is liberated at cathode. Specific conductivity and molar
conductivity are different terms. Silver nitrate solution cannot be stored in a copper container as silver will get precipitated because
of high reactivity of Cu than Ag.
The addition of liquid bromine to iodide solution turns it violet.
−
( aq )
Br 2 (l ) +2 I + I 2(l )
Re ddish−brown Violet

NaCl→ Na+ + Cl−

65. (b) :
2 Cl− +2 e− →Cl 2
Q=I×t=2×30×60=3600 Coulombs
2×96500 Coulombs produce
= 71 g of
Cl 2
3600 Coulombs will produce
71
= ×3600
2×96500
=1 . 32 g of Cl 2

4+ −
66. (b) : Pt +4 e → Pt
4 moles of electricity of 4 F of electricity is required to deposit 1 mole of Pt.
0.80 F of electricity will deposit
1
×0 .80=0 . 20 mol
4

67. (b) : 1 F deposits 108 g of Ag (Ag+ + e− → Ag)

1 1
×54= F
54 g of Ag will be deposited by 108 2
3+ −
3 F deposit 27 g of Al ( Al +3 e → Al )
1 27 1
F × =4 . 5 g of Al
2 will deposit 3 2

68. (c) :
Pb( s)+PbO 2 ( s)+2 H 2 SO4 (aq ) →2 PbSO 4 ( s)+2 H 2 O(l)

69. (b) : Fe 2+ ion does not react with dry oxygen.

70. (b) : Cell emf

71. (b) : Lower the value of reduction potential stronger is the reducing agent i.e., undergoes oxidation most easily.
Cr →Cr 3+ +3 e− (oxidation)
Hence, Cr is the strongest reducing agent.
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72. (d) : In fig. (Y), Zinc is deposited at the zinc electrode and copper dissolves at copper electrode.

73. (c) : At anode Fe→ Fe 2+ (0 . 001 M )+2e−

At cathode 2 H + (1 M )+2e− → H 2 (1 atm )
Net reaction : Fe+2 H + →Fe 2+ + H 2
Nernst equation for the given cell,
0 . 0591 [ Fe 2+ ][ H 2 ]
E cell =Eº cell − log
2 [ Fe ][ H + ]2

74. (a) : At anode:

2 Br − ( M )→Br 2 (l )+2 e−
At cathode 2 H + (M )+2 e−→ H 2 (1 bar)
Net reaction : 2 H + (M )+2 Br− ( M )→ Br 2( l)+ H 2
Nernst equation for the given cell
0 . 0591 [ Br 2(l ) ][ H 2 ]
E cell =Eº cell − log + 2 − 2
2 [ H ] [ Br ]

75. (c) :
Cu2 + + e− →Cu+ ; Eº 1 =0 .15 V , ΔGº 1 , n1 =1
Cu2 + + 2e− →Cu ; Eº 2=0. 34 V , ΔGº 2 , n2 =2
Cu+ + e− →Cu ; Eº 3 =?, ΔGº 3 , n3 =1
ΔGº 3 = ΔGº 2− ΔGº 1
−n3 FE º 3 =−n 2 FE º 2 +n1 FEº 1
−Eº 3 =−2×0 . 34+1×0 .15
Eº 3 =0 .68−0 .15 =+ 0 . 53 V

76. (b) : (A) → (i), (B) → (ii), (C) → (iii), (D) → (iv)

77. (a) : The ion which requires least energy is liberated first.

78. (a)
The process is called cathodic protection where iron acts as cathode and thus, not oxidised.

79. (a)
Cr 2+ l Cr 3+ =+ 0.41V
Mn 2+ l Mn 3+ =−1.57 V
Fe 2+ l Fe 3+ =−0.77V
Co 2+ l Co 3+ =−1.97 V
As Cr will have maximum oxidation potential value, therefore its oxidation will be easiest

80. (b)
0 . 0591 1 0 .0591 1
E0Ag|AgI |I− =E0Ag+|Ag log −0 . 151=0 . 799− log ⇒
− 1 K SP 1 K sp log K = – 0.151 –0.799
sp
log K sp = - 16 . 074 ⇒ K sp =8. 43×10−17

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81. (d)
E0 = 1.1028 – 0.641 × 10–3 T + 0.72 × 10–5 T2

( )
dE0
dT 2S
=−0.641×10−3 +2×0.72×10−5 T =

(−0641+0.36 )×10−3 =−0.281×10−3

dE 0
Δ S0 = nF = 2 × 96500 ×(-281 × 10 -3 ) = - 54 .23 EU
dT

82. (c)

Na+ + e–  Na(s)

1mole 1 Faraday Al3+ + 3e–  Al(s)

1 Faraday
1
No. of mole of Al = 3 mole
83. (d)
m,BaSO 4  eq.,BaSO 4
= (x1 + x2 x – 2x3) 
 eq.,BaSO4
= n  factor
( x1  x 2 – 2x3 )
 eq.,BaSO 4 2
=

84. (d)
0 .059 0 . 02
Ecell = (0.77 – 0.0713) – 1 log 0 .1×0. 34 = 0.713 volt.

85. (b)
C1 C1
E cell =0 .059 log <1
C 2 For E to be +ve and maximum C2 or
C 1 < C2
cell

Give
C 2 = 1M .
∴ C should be the minimum conc. of H+.
1
(B) is the right answer.

86. (a)
0. 059 1. 5
E cell =0 .77− log =0 . 652 V
1 0 . 015

87. (a)
H+ + CI– + NaOH ⃗ Na+ + CI– + H2O to conductance Ist decreases since no. of ions decreases after end point it inceases.

88. (a) -0.22 V

When pH = 14, [H+] = 10~14 and [OH-] = 1 M
2
K sp  Cu 2  OH    1019

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1019
 Cu 2   2
 10 19
OH  

The half cell reaction

Cu 2  2e   Cu
0.059 1
E  E0  log
2 Cu 2 
0.059 1
E  E0  log
2 Cu 2 
0.059 1
 0.34  log 19  0.22V
2 10

89. (a) 0.38 M

1.93  50  60
  0.06
No. of Faraday= 96500
80 0.06

 Moles of Zn deposited = 100
2+ 2 = 0.024
0.5  0.2  0.024
  Zn 2    0.38M
0.2

90. (d) -2.25 V

Al 3  3e   Al
0.059 1
E  E0  log
3  Al 3 
pH  12  pOH  14  12  2  OH    0.01M
at
1036 1036
 Al 3     10 30
0.01
3 3
OH  

.059  1 
 E  1.66  log  30 
3  10 
0.059
 1.66   30  1.66  0.59  2.25V
3

91. (b) 96500 sec

2H2O  2H2 +O2
One mole of H2O need 2 moles of e- s for electrolysis.
So, Q = I x t
Q
t 
I
2  96500

2
 t = 96500 sec

92. (b) 0.219 cm-1

conductivity

Cell constant conduc tan ce
= Conductivity x Resistance
= 0.146 x 10-3 Scm-1 x 1500 
= 0.219 cm-1
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93. (d) 2.14

At equilibrium
Ecell = 0
0
Ecell  0.01V
Sn + Pb2+  Sn2+ + Pb
0.06
Ecell  Ecell 0
 log Q
n
.06  Sn 2  
0  0.01  log  2  
2  Pb 

.06  Sn 2  
0.01  log  2  
2  Pb 

1  Sn 2  
 log  2  
3  Pb 
 Sn 2   1
 10 3
 2.14
 Pb 2  

94. (c) P > S > Q > R

Reducing power, i.e. the tendency to lose electrons increases as the reduction potential
decreases

0.32/0.0295
95. (b) 10
Zn + Fe2+  Zn2+ + Fe(n = 2)
0.0591
E  E0  log Q
n
0.0591 0.01
0.02905  E 0  log
2 0.001
E 0  0.2905  0.0295  0.32volt
0.0591
E0  log K eq  0.02945log K eq
2
K eq  100.32/0.0295

96. (b) 1.57 V

2Fe (s) + O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq)  2Fe2+ (aq) + 2H2O (1)
N = 4 (no. of moles of electrons involved)
From Nernst equation,
0.0591
Ecell  Ecell
0
 log Q
n

0.0591 10   H  10 3 2

 
 1.67  log log   pH


4 0.1 10  3 4

 1.67  0.106  1.57V

97. (c)H2SO4
At cathode Cu+2 will get reduced due to greater reduction potential
Cu+2 + 2e-  Cu (s)
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At anode, H2O will get preferentially discharged.

1
H 2O  O2  2 H   2e 
2
2
Hence the final solution will contain H+ & SO4 or H2 SO4

98. (d) The cell constant of a conductivity cell remain constant for a cell.

99. (a)

If then
i.e.

For

100.(c)
101.(b): In vicinal dihalides, halogen atoms are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.

S 2
102.(b): Primary alkyl halides prefer to undergo N reaction.

S 1
103.(d): as C-I bond is weakest, (CH 3 )3 C−I will undergo N reaction most readily.

CH 3
4 3 2
| 1

104.(c): C H 3 C H 2−CH −C H 2−Br ;

1-Bromo-2- methylbutane

105.(c): CH 3 C (Cl )(C 2 H 5 )CH 2 CH 3

3-Chloro-3-methypentane (tert.haloalkane)

106.(d)

107.(b): Thought polar, alkyl halides cannot form hydrogen bonds with water hence they are insoluble in water.
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108.(a): The alkyl halides are very reactivity due to highly polarized C-X bond with a large difference in electro negativities of carbon
and halogen atoms. The order of reactivity is
Iodides > bromides > chlorides > fluorides

109.(d):

110.(c):

111.(a):

112.(b): Du to resonance stabilization in aryl halides, C-X bond acquires a partial double bond character.

113.(d): Teritary allyl halides are the least reactive in

S N 2 reaction because bully group hinder the approaching nucleophiles.

114.(b): in tertiary alkyl halides steric hindrance does not allow substitution by
S N 2 mechanism in which the nucleophile attacks on
the carbon atom and the reaction takes place in single step.

CH 3
CH 3
| |
CH 3 −C + + Br
−
CH 3 − C −Cl
| Slow |
115.(d): CH 3 CH 3
CH 3 CH 3
| |
CH 3 −C + +OH ⃗
−
Fast CH 3 −C −OH
| |
CH 3 CH 3

116.(a):
CH3 CH3
| |
CH 3Cl  Na  Cl  C H  CH 3  CH 3  C H  CH 3
Chloromethane 2  chloropropane

Cl
|
CH 3 − C −CH 3⃗
alc . KOH CH 3 −C =CH 2
| |
CH 3 CH 3

117.(c): 2−Methylprop−1−ene

118.(d):

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CH 3 −CH −CH 3 + Mg⃗

dry ether CH 3−CH −CH 3
| |
Br MgBr

(X)
D 2 O CH 3 −CH −CH 3
⃗
|
OD

119.(c): (Y )

120.(b): in haloarenes, carbon of C-X is sp 2 hybridized while in haloalkanes it is sp 3 hybridized.

Cl−CH 2 −CH −CH 2 CH 3⃗

NaOEt
| EtOH
CH 3

CH 2 = C −CH 2 CH 3 ⃗
H 2 CH 3 −CH −CH 2 CH 3
| catalyst |
CH 3 CH 3

121.(c): 2−methylbu tan e

122.(a): it act as a stronger nucleophile from the carbon end because it will lead to the formation of C-C bond which is more stable
than C –N bond

123.(c): Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) or freons are used as refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners.

124.(b): The reactivity of alcohols towards halogen acids decreases in the order : 3°>2°>1°

125.(a): Density increases at the molecular mass increases.

126.(d):

127.(a): CH 3 CH 2 −CH (Br )−CH 3 2−Bromobu tan e

128.(b)

129.(d)

130.(a) :

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131.(a): According to Saytzeff’s rule, the more substituted product is more stable and is formed as major product. Hence (A) is the
major product (80%) while (B) is the minor (20%) and less stable product.

132.(b):
CH 3 − C H −CH −CH 2 −CH⃗
3 dehydroha log enation
| |
CH 3 Br

3−Bromo−2−methylpenane

133.(a):

134.(b)

135.(d)

136.(b)

137.(d): 3° alcohols being most reactive, react with conc. HCL at room temperature.

CH 3 Cl + NH 3 → CH 3 NH 2 + HCl
138.(c): Chloromethane ( excess) Methana min e
Primary amine is obtained as a major product by taking large excess of ammonia.

139.(a)

This is most drastic method as it requires High temperature or catalyst CuCl 2, FeCl3, FeBr3 etc.
(2) ROH + PX3  3RX + H3PO3
(3) ROH + HX  R – X + H2O

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(2), (3) & (4) are very feasible process

140. (d) B give violet colour with neutral FeCl3 .

is more acidic than phenol

Degree of unsaturation = 5

141. (b)

142. (b)

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143. (b) is more reactive than

The electronegativity order of hybridized carbons is sp > sp2 > sp3. So in an allylic halide, such
as CH2= CH – CH2 - I, the alpha carbon is much more partially positive than the alpha carbon
in CH3 - CH2 – CH2-I. Therefore, the attacking nucleophile will be attracted to the alpha carbon
more in the allylic halide compound than in the primary halide. Hence, allylic halides tend to
follow SN2 pathways more than primary halides.

144. (d) allyl chloride is more reactive than n-propyl chloride in S^

As the electronegativity order of hybridized carbons is sp>sp2>sp3 so in an allylic halide, such
as CH2 = CH - CH2 - Cl, the alpha carbon is much more partially positive than the alpha carbon
in(n-propyl chloride) CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl. Therefore, the attacking nucleophile will be attracted to
the alpha carbon more in the allylic halide compound than in the primary halide. It means
allylic halides tend to follow SN2 pathways more than primary halides.
Types of substrate SN1 SN2
CH3—X(10 alkyl halide) Generally, not occur Good
CH2=CHCH2-X(allyl Moderate Very good
halide)
CH2=CH-X(Vinyl Does not occur Does not occur
halide)

145. (c) 2,3-dimethyl but-2-ene

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146.(a)Chloroform is the polyhalogen compound which is employed as a solvent for fats, alkaloids, iodine and other substances.

147.(c) When the compound rotates the plane of plane polarised light to the right i.e. clockwise direction,it is called dextrorotatory or
the d-form and is indicated by placing a positive sign before the degree of rotation.

148.(a)

149.(c) Allylic halide are the compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to an sp3 hybridised carbon atom adjacent to
double bond ( ) i.e. to an allylic carbon.

150.(c) Given reaction is known as a Finkelstein reaction. NaI is soluble in acetone and NaCl, NaBr are not, the equilibrium is shifted
by the precipitation of insoluble salt

151.Ans. 700
Sol.

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36.5 + 133.2 + 520.6 – 72.4 + LE = – 82.2
or LE = – 82.2 + 72.4 – 36.5 – 133.2 – 520.6
or LE = – 700.1 kcal/mol.
 energy released due to formation of lattice ~ 700 kcal/mol
152. 5 (i, iv, v, vi, ix)

Sol. ClO2 = 11 e–
NO3– = 8 e–
O3 = 8e–
PCl5 = 10e–
SO3 = 12 e
SO42 = 12 e–
CO2 = 8e–
N3– = 8e–
I3– = 10e–

153. 6 (a, d, e, h, i, k)

154. 16

Sol. No. of  bond

XeOF2 1
XeO2F4 2
XeO3 3
XeO4 4
XeO3F2 3
XeOF4 1
XeO2F2 2

155. (8)

Sol. N2O3

156. (4)

Sol. Cl– Be–Cl NNO

Sp Sp Sp

Sp

157.(3)

Sol. Complex exists as NO+ and [BF4]– . NO+ is isoelectronic with N2 ; so 1s2, *1s2, 2s2, *2s2, 2p2x = 2p2y,
10 – 4
2p , then its bond order is
z
2 2 =3

158.13 (Except, i, iii, iii, x, xiii, xviii)

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Sol. H3PO4, H3PO3, H3PO2, HClO4, HClO3, HClO2, H2SO3, H2SO4, H2SO5, H2S2O8, SO3, SO2, P4O10

159.(4)

Sol. and NH3 will have non-zero dipole moment.

160.(4)

Sol. (a) PCl6– (Coordinate Bond = 1) (b) NH3.BF3(Coordinate Bond = 1)

(c) HNO3(Coordinate Bond = 1) (d) CO (Coordinate Bond = 1)

161.Ans.0042
Sol. Self Teacher

162. 4
 0M  HA    M  HCl    M  NaA    M  NaCl 
= 425 + 100 - 125 = 400 Scm2mol-1
pH  4,  H    104   C
 m 200
   0.5
 m 400
C  104  0.5 4
Ka    10 , pK a  4
1    1   

163. (23)

=0.77-0.54
=0.23
=23x10-2V

164. (7)

x=7

165.0.936V

Sol. Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e–  2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O, 1.33 volt

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E = 1.33 – log = 1.33 – log 10–2 × 1042

= 1.33 – × log 1040 = 1.33 – × 40 = 0.936 volt

166.n = 3, Since mass of Sn increasing, Sn - electrode is working as cathode and X - metal electrode anode and electrons are flowing
from X-electrode to Sn-electrode in the external circuit.

Sol. 0.65 = Eoxid + Ered = +

0.01 = – × (– 1) – × 0.301= 0.0591 n=3

167.Ans. 103 –1 cm2 mol–1

168.Ans. 6.912

169.Ans. (a) 9.6025 gm, (b) 0.01 equivalent

170.Ans. 7. 23 x 1012

171. 6.00
Electrophile attack where the electron density high.which shows +M or +1 effects are
ortho/para directing because they increase electron density at ortho and para +M

, ,

The following groups are meta directing , , -OMe, SO3H They decreases

electron density at ortho/para so, electrophile attack at meta position.

172. 5
From (6) product will be Ph-CH3. Others (1 5) will give benzene.

173. l

The electrophile

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is singlet carbene so it has on lone pair.

174. 3
The presence of electron-withdrawing groups (like -CN, -COOH, -NO2 ) at o- and p-positions
with respect to halogen atom activates the aryl halide towards nucleophilic substitution
reactions.

175. 3
i) The nucleophile makes a rear attack in SN2 reaction and expels the leaving group from front
side.
iii) The basicity of halides decreases in the order F- > Cl- > Br- > I-, but the nucleophillicity is
reverse of it. (in polar protic solvents)
v) Sigma complex or arenium ion is resonance stablised.
The above statements are correct.
CH3 O - CH = CH2 adds to HBr according to Markownikoff's rule.
iv) The rate of SN2 reaction is faster in polar aprotic solvent.

176. 4
There are two stereo centrers.
So, number of stereoisomers
=2n
= 22
=4

177. (2)
Number of electron = 2

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