ATOMIC STRUCTURE

DPP : 08 / Atomic Structure

DAILY PRACTICE PROBLEMS - 8

SYNOPSIS
1. Pauli Exclusion Principle. It is impossible for two electrons of an atom to have all its four quantum numbers same. It
leads for the following
Results. (i) Maximum number of electron in a shell can be 2n2.
(ii) Maximum number of electron in a sub-shell can be 2, 6, 10, 14 in s, p, d, f respectively.
(iii) Maximum number of electron in a sub sub-shell (orbital) can be 2 only.
2. Aufbau Principles. Aufbau is a German term meaning for building up. Various rules were given time to time order to write
electronic configuration of atom.
3. (n + l) rule. (i) The sub-shell with lower values of (n + l) possess lower energy level, i.e., orbitals are filled in the order of
increasing (n + l) values.
(ii) If (n + l) for two orbitals is same, the one with lower values of n possesses lower energy level and should be filled first.
4. The energy of atomic orbitals for H-atom or He+ is (as the energy depends on the value of n)
1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s = 4p = 4d = 4f
5. The energy of orbitals other than H-atom depends upon n + l value and varies as
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s < 5f < 6d
Hund’s rule: It is used to fill electrons in degenerate orbitals. i.e orbitals of same subshell.
According to it, electron pairing in these orbitals can not takes place untill each orbital is singly filled with parallel spin.
6. ‘Spin only’ magnetic moment: It depends upon number of unpaired electrons

  n(n  2) B.M
Where ‘n’ is no. of unpaired electrons.
Objective Questions
1. How many unpaired electrons are there in Ni2+ ?
(a) zero (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8
2. The corret set of quantum number for the unpaired electron of chlorine atom is
(a) n = 2, l = 1, m = 0 (b) n = 2, l = 1, m = 1 (c) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1 (d) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0
3. The configuration 1s2, 2s2 2p5, 3s1 shows
(a) ground state of fluorine (b) excited state of fluorine
(c) excited state of neon atom (d) excited state of O 2 ion
4. Which ion has the maximum magnetic moment ?
(a) Mn3+ (b) Cu 2+ (c) Fe3+ (d) V3+
5. In hydrogen atom, which energy level order is not correct ?
(a) 1s < 2p (b) 2p = 2s (c) 2p > 2s (d) 3d < 4s
2+
6. Which have the same number of s-electrons as the d-electrons in Fe ?
(a) Li (b) Na (c) N (d) P
a+
7. Magnetic moment of Fe (Z = 26) is 24 BM. Hence number of unpaired electrons and value of ‘a’ respectively are
(a) 4, 2 (b) 2, 4 (c) 3, 1 (d) 0, 2

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8. Which of the following ions has electronic configuration [Ar]3d 6 ?

(a) 27
Ni 3+ (b) 25
Mn3+ (c) 26
Fe3+ (d) 27
Co 3+
9. The quantum number which specifies the location as well as energy is
(a) principal quantum number (b) azimuthal quantum number
(c) spin quantum number (d) magnetic quantum number
10. The energy of an electron in an atomic orbital of a multi electron atom depends upon
(a) the principal quantum number only (b) the principal and azimuthal quantum numbers only
(c) the principal, azimuthal,and magnetic quantum numbers only
(d) all four quantum numbers
11. Nitrogen has the electronic configuration, 1s2 2s2 2p1x 2p1y 2p1z and not 1s2 2s2 2p2x 2p1y 2p0z , which is determined by
(a) Pauli exclusion principle (b) aufbau principle
(c) Hund’s rule (d) uncertainty principle
12. The orbital diagram in which the aufbau principle is violated is

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

13. The orbital diagram in which both the Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule are violated is

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

14. The statements, which is /are correct ?

(a) number of total nodes in an orbital = n —1 (b) number of radial nodes in an orbital = n — l —1
(c) number of angular nodes in an orbital = l (d) all of the above
15. Splitting of spectral lines when atoms are subjected to strong electric field is called
(a) Zeeman effect (b) Stark effect (c) decay (d) disintegration
16. When the value of azimuthal quantum number is 3, magnetic quantum number can have values
(a) +1, —1 (b) +3, +2, +1, 0, —1, —2, —3
(c) +2, +1, 0, —1, —2 (d) +1, 0, —1
17. The number of d-electrons in Fe2+ (at. no. of Fe = 26) is not equal to that of the
(a) p-electrons in Ne (at. no. = 10) (b) s-electrons in Mg (at. no. = 12)
(c) d-electrons in Fe (d) p-electrons in Cl— (at. no. Cl = 17)

18. The quantum numbers of most energetic electron in Ne atom when it is in first excited state is

(a) 2, 1, 0, +1/2 (b) 3, 1, 1, +1/2 (c) 3, 0, 0, +1/2 (d) 3, 1, 0, +1/2

19. What is the correct orbital designation for the electron with the quantum numbers, n = 4,l = 3,m = —2,s = 1/2?
(a) 3s (b) 4f (c) 5p (d) 6s
20. When 4f-level of an atom is completely filled with electrons, the next electron will enter
(a) 5s (b) 6s (c) 5d (d) 5p

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21. Evaluate the following ratios for the energy of the electron in a particular orbit [Kinetic : Potential ] and [Total : Kinetic]

(a) [1 : -2] and [–1 : 1] (b) [1 : 2] and [1 : 1] (c) [1 : 1] and [1 : 2] (d) [1 : 2] and [1 : 2]

22. Which one of the fllowing is incorrect for the Bohr model of hydrogen atom ?

Ze2 mv2
(a)  (b) angular momentum is quantized
r2 r
(c) mass of proton is ignored (d) none of the above
23. In hydrogen atom, energy of the first excited state is –3.4 eV. Find out the KE of the same orbit of hydrogen atom
(a) + 3.4 eV (b) + 6.8 eV (c) –13.6 eV (d) + 13.6 eV
24. In the Bohr’s orbit, what is the ratio of total KE and total energy of electron
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) +1 (d) +2
25. The kinetic energy of the electron in an orbit of radius ‘r’ in hydrogen atom is

e2 e2 e2 e2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r2 2r r 2r 2

Subjective Type question

1. A neutral atom of an element has 2K, 8L, 9M and 2N electrons. Find out the following

(a) atomic number (b) total number of s-electrons (c) total number of p-electrons

(d) total number of d-electrons (e) valency of element (f) number of unpaired electrons

2. If there were three possible values (-1/2, 0, +1/2) for the spin magnetic quantum number, m s, how many elements would

there be in the 4th period of periodic table (i.e. 4s 3d 4p)

3. Calculate total spin magnetic moment for the atoms having atomic number 7, 24, 34 and 36.

4. What is the significance of  210 . Find out angular momentum, spherical nodes and angular node for  210 .

5. A compound of vanadium has a magnetic moment of 1.73 BM. Work out the electronic configuration of the vanadium

ion in the compound.

6. The quantum numbers of six electrons are given below. Arrange them in order of increasing energies. List if any of these

combination(s) has/have the same energy (for multi electron species)

(a) n  4,l  2,ml  2,ms  1/ 2 (b) n  3,l  2,ml  1,ms  1/ 2 (c) n  4,l  1,ml  0,ms  1/ 2

(d) n  3,l  2,ml  2,ms  1/ 2 (e) n  3,l  1,ml  1,ms  1/ 2 (f) n  4,l  1,ml  1,ms  1/ 2

7. Indicate the number of unpaired electron in

(a) 15
P (b) 14
Si (c) 24
Cr (d) 26
Fe (e) 36
Kr

Answers

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d)

9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (b)

17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (a)

25. (b)

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