19 XII-M2-02 Applications of Derivatives - Solution - 64dcccc81d5b5

Chapter
7 2 Applications of Derivatives
Shortcuts
1. Length of intercepts made on axes by the 7. Of all rectangles of a given perimeter, the
tangent at (x1, y1) square has the largest area.
y1
i. x-intercept = x1  8. A cone of maximum volume that can be
 dy 
  inscribed in a sphere of a given radius r is of
 dx  ( x1 , y1 )
4r
height .
 dy  3
y-intercept = y1  x1  
ns
ii.
 dx ( x1 , y1 )
9. Of all rectangles of a given area, the square has
the least perimeter.
2. If f(x) is increasing, then f1(x) is also increasing.
io
10. The height of cylinder of maximum volume
3. If f(x) is decreasing, then f1(x) is also decreasing.  2r 
inscribed in a sphere of radius r is   .
4. If f(x) and g(x) are monotonic on [a, b], then  3
at
g(f(x)) is also monotonic of same nature.
11. The semi vertical angle of a cone with given
5. If y = f(x) is a continuous function and its least slant height and maximum volume is tan1 2 .
value is m and greatest value is M, then
m  f(x)  M.
lic 12. The greatest triangle inscribed in a given circle
is equilateral.
6. If x + y = a, then xy is maximum
a 13. Area of the greates rectangle that can be inscribed
when x = y =
ub
x2 y2
2 in the ellipse  = 1 is 2ab sq. units.
a 2 b2
Classical Thinking
P
2.1 Application of derivative to tangents and 3. (C) If the tangent is perpendicular to X-axis, then
normals  = 90
et
1  cot  = 0
1. (B) y = x2 
x2 1
 = 0  dx = 0
tan 
rg
dy 2 dy
 = 2x + 3
dx x
 dy  2 dy
   = 2(1) + = 4 4. (D) y = x3  3x2  9x + 5  = 3x2  6x 9
 dx ( 1,0) (1)3 dx
Ta
1 1 dy
 Slope of normal at (1, 0) =  = Since the tangent is parallel to X-axis, =0
 dy  4 dx
 
 dx ( 1, 0)  3x2  6x  9 = 0  x = 1, 3
2. (B) x = 3t2 + 1, y = t3 – 1 5. (A) x = t2 – 1, y = t2 – t
dx dy
 = 6t, = 3t2 dy
dt dt
dy 2t  1
dy  = dt =
dx d x 2t
dy 3t 2 t
 = dt = = dt
dx dx 6t 2
dt Since the tangent is perpendicular to X-axis,
 dy  1 dx
=0
2t
=0t=0
   
 dx t 1 2 dy 2t  1
492

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

6. (D) x2 = 4y
  
dy
=1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  dx  t 1
dy
2x = 4  Equation of the normal at (1, 2) is
dx
y – 2 = – 1(x – 1)  x + y – 3 = 0
dy x
 =
dx 2  2
11. (D) At x = ,y= = 2
 m = Slope of the tangent at (4, 4) 4 2
=  
dy y = 2 sin x
=2
 dx ( 4,  4) dy
 = 2 cos x
 equation of the tangent at (4, 4) is dx
y  y1 = m (x  x1)  dy 
 y + 4 = 2(x + 4)    = 2
 dx  x  
ns
 2x  y + 4 = 0 4

7. (B) x + y =a  Equation of the tangent at  , 2  is
4  
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
 
io
1 1dy y 2 = 2 x 
+ =0   4
2 x 2 y dx

at
dy y
12. (A) At x  ,
 = 2
dx x 
y = 4 + cos2 =4
a2 2
At 
 a 2 a 2  dy
, , = 4 = 1
a2
lic y = 4 + cos2 x
 4 4  dx dy
4   2cos x( sin x)
dx
 a2 a2 

ub
 Equation of the tangent at  ,  is  dy   
4 4     = 2cos   sin  = 0
 dx  x  2  2
a2  a2  2
y = 1 x 

4  4
 Equation of the tangent at  , 4  is
 
P
a2 2
 x+y=

2 y  4 = 0  x  
 2
8. (A) y = x2 – 2x + 1
et
dy  y4=0y=4
 = 2x – 2
dx

 m = slope of the normal at (0,1) 13. (A) At x = ,
1 1 2
rg
1
 = =
 
dy 2(0)  2 2    
  y=  sin cos =
 dx (0,1) 2 2 2 2
 Equation of the normal at (0,1) is y = x  sin x cos x
Ta
y – y1 = m (x – x1) dy
1  = 1  cos x cos x  sin x ( sin x)
 y – 1 = (x – 0) dx
2 = 1  cos2x + sin2 x
 x – 2y + 2 = 0  
 dy 
    = 1  cos
2
+ sin2 = 2
x dy  x
= cos    = 0  x
dy d x 2 2
9. (B) y = sin  2
2 dx 2 2  dx  (1, 1)
 
 Equation of the normal at (1,1) is x = 1  Equation of the tangent at  ,  is
2 2
10. (A) At t = 1, x = (1)2 = 1 and y = 2(1) = 2  

dy y =2 x 
2 1 2  2
dy
= dt = = 
dx d x 2t t  y  2x 
dt 2
493

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

 2 7. (B) Motion of a particle s = 15t  2t2
14. (C) At x = ,y=  2
4 ds
2  velocity = = 15  4t
y = 2 cos x dt

dy
= 2 sin x  ds   ds 
   = 15 and   = 3
dx  t 0
dt  dt  t  3
 dy  15  3
    2  average velocity = = 9 units
 dx  x  / 4 2

 Equation of the normal at  , 2  is 8. (A) Velocity, v2 = 2  3x
4  
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
1  
y 2 x   2v
dv
=3
dx
2 4 dt dt
ns
dv
2.2 Derivative as a Rate Measure  2v =  3v
dt
1. (A) s = 3t2 + 2t  5 dv 3
ds  
 = 6t + 2 dt 2
io
dt Hence, the acceleration is uniform.
d 2s
 Acceleration = 2 = 6 dr
dt 9. (D) =3
at
dt
b
2. (C) s = aet + A = r2 
dA
= 2r
dr
et dt dt
ds b
 = velocity = aet – t  dA 
   = 2  10  3 = 60 cm2/sec
dt
d 2s
e
b
lic  dt r 10
 = acceleration = aet + t = s
dt 2 e 10. (C) A = s2
dA ds
ds  =2s
 velocity = 45 + 22t  3t
2
ub
3. (C) dt dt
dt
 dA 
When particle will come to rest, then v = 0    = 2  10  0.5 = 2  5 = 10 cm /sec
2
 5  dt s 10
 3t  22t  45 = 0  t = 9
2
...  t   
 3
x2
P
11. (D) V = 5x –
4. (D) Given, s = a sin t + b cos 2t 6
ds dV dx x dx
 = a cos t  2b sin 2t  =5 – .
dt dt dt 3 dt
et
d 2s dV
 =  a sin t  4b cos 2t dx
dt 2  = dt
d 2s dt  x
At t = 0, 2 = a sin 0o  4b cos 0o = 4b 5  
rg
dt  3
 dx  5 15
5. (A) s = 2t3  9t2 + 12t    = = cm/sec
 dt  x  2 5
2 13
 ds = 6t2  18t + 12
Ta
3
dt
d 2s 2.3 Approximations
 2 = 12t  18 = acceleration
dt
When acceleration of the particle will be zero, 1. (C) Let f(x) = x
12t  18 = 0  f (x) =
1
 t = 3 sec 2 x
2 Here, a = 25 and h = – 0.01
Hence, the acceleration of the particle will be  f(a) = f(25) = 25 = 5
zero after 3 sec. 1 1
2 and f (a) = f (25) = =
2 25 10
1 2 ds d 2s  f (a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
6. (A) s = gt  = gt  2 = g
2 dt dt  5 – 0.001
 The acceleration of the stone is uniform.  4.999
494


1
2. (C) According to Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
2. (B) Let f(x) = x 3 in interval [a, b] for f(x),
1  32 1 f (b)  f (a)
 f  (x) = x  2 f (c) = , where a  c  b
3
3x 3 ba
Here, a = 27 and h = 2  a  x1  b
 f (a + h)  f(a) + h f (a) 3. (C) f(x) = cos x
  27   2 
1
1  
3
2   f(0) = 1, f   = 0 and f (x) = sinx
 3(27) 3  2
By mean value theorem,
 3 + 2  
1
f (b)  f (a)
 27  f (c) =
ba
 3 + 0.07407

f    f (0)
ns
1
  29   3.07407  2
 sin c =
3

1 0
3. (A) Let f(x) = x  x3 3
2
2 0 1 2
sin c =
io
1  1 
 f (x) = x 3 = 2  
3
3x 3 2
Here, a = –1, and h = 0.01 2 2
 sin c =  c = sin1  
at
f (a + h)  f (a) + h f (a) 
1

1
 (1) 3  0.01  2 4. (A) f (x) = x2
3  1 3
f (2) = 4, f (4) = 16
 – 1 + 0.0033
lic f (x) = 2x
 – 0. 9967  By Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
4. (A) f(x) = x3  3x + 5 f (4)  f (2)
f (c) =
 f (x) = 3x2  3 42
ub
Here, a = 2 and h =  0.01 16  4
 2c =
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a) 2
 7 + (0.01) (9) c=3
 f (1.99)  7  0.09  6.91
P
5. (B) Using LMVT,

1
f (e)  f (1)
5. (B) Let f(x) = x 4 f (c) =
e 1
1 43 1
 f (x) = x  3 1 1 0
et
4  
4x 4 c e 1
Here, a = 81 and h = 1 c=e–1
 f (a + h)  f (a) + h f (a)
rg
2.5 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

1
 1 
  81 4  (1)  3 
 4(81) 4  1. (A) f(x) = ax + b  f (x) = a
 For strictly increasing, f (x) > 0
Ta
1  a > 0 for all real x.

 3
108
 3  0.009259 2. (B) f(x) = 2  3x
1  f (x) =  3 < 0
  80   2.9907  f(x) is a decreasing function.
4
2.4 Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value 3. (C) f(x) = x2  f (x) = 2x
theorem For increasing function,
  3  f (x) > 0
1. (A) Here, f   = e0 = 1 and f   = e0 = 1  2x  0
2  2 
 x  (0, )
   3 
 f = f 
 2  2  4. (C) Since f(x) = x3  f (x) = 3x2, which is non-
 Third condition of Rolle’s theorem is satisfied negative for all real values of x.
by option (A) only.  Option (C) is the correct answer.
495


5. (A) It is always increasing. 1
Y 14. (D) Let f(x) =
1 x 2
2x
f(x) = x  f (x) = 
(1  x 2 ) 2
X For f(x) to be decreasing,
2x
f (x) < 0   0
(1  x 2 ) 2
 x  0  x(0, )
6. (A) f(x) = x + cos x  f (x) = 1  sin x
f (x)  0 for all values of x. 15. (A) Let f(x) = log (sin x)  f (x) = cot x
 f(x) is always increasing.  The given function is increasing in the
7. (A)  
interval  0,  .
ns
8. (B) Let f(x) = x  4x  f (x) = 4x  4
4 3 2 
For f(x) to be decreasing, f (x)  0 16. (A) f(x) = 2x  3x2  36x + 7
3
 4x3  4  0  x3  1  f (x) = 6x2  6x  36

 x  (, 1)
io
For decreasing function, f (x)  0
9. (D) f(x) = 4x4  2x + 1  x2  x  6  0
 f (x) = 16x3  2  (x  3)(x + 2)  0
at
For f(x) to be increasing,  x  (–2, 3)
f (x) > 0
 16x3  2 > 0 17. (C) f(x) = (x  1)2 1. Hence, decreasing in x < 1.
1
 x3 >
8
lic Y
1
x>
2
(1,0)
X
ub
10. (C) f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x + 20 O
 f (x) = 6x + 18x + 12
2
2 1 (1, –1)
For f(x) to be increasing,
f (x) > 0 Alternate Method:
f (x) = 2x  2 = 2(x  1)
P
x2 + 3x + 2 > 0
(x + 2) (x + 1) > 0 To be decreasing, 2(x  1)  0
 x  (– , – 2)  (1, )  ( x  1)  0  x  1
et
11. (A) f(x) = 2x3  3x2  12x + 12 2.6 Maxima and Minima
 f (x) = 6x2  6x  12
For f(x) to be increasing, 1. (D) Let f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 4
f (x) > 0  f  (x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 0 at x = 3, 2
rg
 x2  x  2 > 0  f  (x) = 12x – 30 is –ve at x = 2

 (x  2) (x + 1) > 0 1 2  Maximum value of f(x) attained at x = 2
 x(– , – 1)  (2, )
Ta
2. (C)
12. (B) f(x) = x3  6x2 + 9x + 3
 f (x) = 3x2  12x + 9 3. (C) f(x) = 7  20x + 11x2
For f(x) to be  f (x) = 20 + 22x
1 3
decreasing, For maximum or minimum,
f (x) < 0 f (x) = 0  20 + 22x = 0
 3(x2  4x + 3) < 0  x = 10/11
 (x  3) (x  1) < 0 Now, f (x) = 22  0
 x  (1, 3) 10
 f(x) is minimum at x  .
13. (C) Let f(x) = 2x  6x + 5
3 11
 f (x) = 6x2  6   f ( x)min = f  10 
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0  11 
 6x2  6 > 0  (x  1) (x + 1) > 0 200 100  11 23
=7  =–
 x > 1 or x < 1 11 121 11
496


4. (C) Let f(x) = 2x2 + x  1 6. (C)
 f (x) = 4x + 1 f(x) = x4 – 62x2 + ax + 9 ….(i)
For maximum or minimum,  f (x) = 4x – 124x + a
3
f (x) = 0  x = 
1 For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0
4  4x3 – 124 x + a = 0
Now, f (x) = 4 > 0 Since x = 1 is a root of (i),
1 f (1) = 4 – 124 + a = 0
 f(x) is minimum at x  .
4
 a = 120
 1  9
 [f(x)]min =  f     =  1 =
2 1
  4   16 4 8 7. (C) y = 1  cos x
 y = sin x
5. (B) f(x) = 2x3  3x2  12x + 4
ns
For maximum or minimum,
 f (x) = 6x2  6x  12 y = 0  sin x = 0  x = 0, 
Now, y = cos x
f (x) = 0  x2  x  2 = 0  x = 2, 1
 y (0) = 1 > 0 and y () = 1 < 0
Now, f (x) = 12x  6
io
 y is maximum when x = .
 f (2) = 18 > 0 and f (1) = 18 < 0
 The given function has one maximum and one
at
minimum.
lic Critical Thinking
2.1 Application of derivative to tangents and Since the tangent is parallel to the given line,
normals x = 1  x = 1
2
1. (B) x = 2y From (i), y = 1
ub
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  The required point is (1, 1).
2dy
2x =
dx dy
4. (B) y = x3  = 3x2
dy dx
 x
P
dx According to the given condition, 3x2 = y

 dy   3x2 = x3 ….[ y = x3]
   1   1
 dx 1, 
et
 2
 x = 0, 3
 tan  = 1
Thus, the two points are (0, 0) and (3, 27).
  = 45 …[ tan 45 = 1]
rg
5. (D) y = x log x ….(i)

1
2. (D) Slope of the normal = dy
dy  = 1 + log x
dx dx
Ta
3 1 1 1
 tan = Slope of the normal =  =
4  dy    1  log x
dy
   
 dx (3, 4)  dx 
Slope of the given line is 1.
  
dy
= 1  f (3) = 1
 dx (3, 4) Since the normal is parallel to the given line.
1
3. (A) x2 = 3  2y ….(i)  =1
1  log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 log x = 2
dy dy
2 x  2   x  x = e2
dx dx
 Slope of the tangent = x From (i), y = 2e2
Slope of the given line is 1.  Co-ordinates of the point are (e2, 2e2).
497


6. (C) y = (x  3)2 10. (C) x = a(1 + cos ) and y = a sin 
 y= 2 (x  3) dx dy
Since the tangent is parallel to the line joining  =  a sin  and = a cos 
d d
(3, 0) and (4, 1). dy
 2 (x  3) = 1  0 
dy
= d = cot 
43 dx dx
7 d
 2x  6 = 1  x =
2 1 1
 slope of the normal =  = = tan 
When x = 7 , dy  cot 
2 dx
7 
2
 equation of the normal at  is
y =   3 = 1
2  4 y  a sin  = tan [x  a(1 + cos)]
ns
Clearly, this line passes through (a, 0).
The required point is  ,  .
7 1

2 4 1
11. (A) y = ....(i)
x
7. (C) y = x2  4x + 5 ….(i)
io
dy 1

dy
= 2x  4  = 2
dx dx x
1
Slope of the given line = 
1  Slope of tangent to the curve =
at
2 x2
Since the tangent is perpendicular to the given Slope of y = 4x + b is 4.
line, 1
 = 4
2
 1
 (2x  4)    =  1
 
lic x2
1
x= 
 2x  4 = 2 2
x=3 From (i), y =  2
ub
From (i), y = 2 Putting the values of x and y in
 The required point is (3, 2). y = 4x + b, we get
b=4
8. (B) x2 + y2 – 2x – 3 = 0 ….(i)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 12. (C) y = ax2 + bx
P
dy dy  dy 
2x + 2y –2=0  = 2ax + b    = 4a + b
dx dx  dx (2, 8)
dy 1 x
 = Since the tangent is parallel to X-axis,
et
dx y
 dy 
dy  dx  = 0  b = 4a ….(i)
Since the tangent is parallel to X-axis, =0   2, 8
dx
Also, the point (2, –8) lies on the curve
rg
1 x
 0  x = 1 y = ax2 + bx.
y
 8 = 4a + 2b ….(ii)
From (i),
From (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b = 8
y=2
Ta
13. (A) y = ax3 + bx + 4

9. (D) y2(x – a) = x2(x + a) …(i)
dy
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  = 3ax2 + b
dy dx
2y (x – a) + y2 = 3x2 + 2ax …(ii)  dy 
dx Slope of tangent at (2, 14) =  
dy  dx  2, 14
If tangent is parallel to X-axis, then =0
dx  21 = 3a(2)2 + b
 y = 3x + 2ax
2 2
…[From (ii)]  21 = 12a + b ...(i)
x 2 ( x  a) y = ax3 + bx + 4
 = 3x2 + 2ax …[From (i)]
( x  a)  14 = a (8) + b (2) + 4
 x2 – ax – a2 = 0  8a + 2b = 10 ...(ii)
Here, B2 – 4AC = a2 + 4a2 = 5a2 > 0 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
 The number of tangents = 2 a = 2, b = –3
498


14. (A) x = t2 – 7t + 7 17. (D) y = a(sin   cos ) , x = a(cos  +  sin )
dx dy
 = 2t – 7  = a(cos   cos  +  sin ) = a  sin  and
dt d
y = t2 – 4t – 10 dx
= a( sin  + sin  +  cos ) = a  cos 
dy d
 = 2t – 4
dt dy
At (1, 2), we get dy d a sin 
 = = = tan 
t2 – 7t + 7 = 1 …(i) dx dx a cos 
and t2 – 4t – 10 = 2 …(ii) d
By (ii) – (i), we get 1
3t = 18  Slope of the normal  =  cot 
tan 
 t=6  Equation of the normal is
ns
dy y  a sin  + a  cos 
dy dt 2t  4
  
dx dx 2t  7 =  cos  (x  a cos   a  sin )
sin 
dt
 y sin   a sin2  + a sin  cos 
io
dy dy 8
   =  x cos  + a cos2  + a sin  cos 
dx (1,2) dx t  6 5
 x cos  + y sin  = a(sin2  + cos2 )
1  x cos  + y sin  = a
at
15. (C) At t = 2, x =
2 a
 Distance from origin =
1 3 sin   cos 2 
2
and y = 2  =
2 2 = a = constant
dy
1 2
1
lic 18. (B) x2 + y2 – 13 = 0
dy dt t t 2 1
Now, = = = dy
dx dx 1 1  2x + 2y =0
dt t2 dx
ub
 dy  dy x
   = 5  =
dx y
 dx (t  2)
1 3  dy 
 Equation of the normal at  Slope of tangent at (2, 3) =  
 ,  is  dx  2, 3
2 2
P
3 1 1 2
y = x  m=
2 5 2 3
 x  5y + 7 = 0 Given equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 13
et
 Centre of circle 0 = (0, 0), radius = 13 units


16. (C) At  = ,  1   2 3
4 Given point M  m,  =  , 
   m  3 2
rg
1 3
x = 2 cos3 = and y = 3sin3 = = (–0.67, 1.5)
4 2 4 2 2
x = 2 cos  and y = 3 sin 
3 3 OM < radius
dx dy  The point lies inside the circle
Ta
 = 6 cos2 sin  and = 9 sin2 cos 

d d 19. (A) y = x3 + 2x2  4x  43
dy dy
dy d  3  = 3x2 + 4x  4
  =  tan  dx
d x dx 2
d  dy 
   = 3(2)2 + 4( 2)  4 = 0
 dy  3   2,5
d x
     = 
 dx    2  Equation of the tangent at (2, 5) is
 4
y  5 = 0(x + 2)
equation of the tangent at  ,
1 3 
  is i.e., y = 5 (parallel to X-axis)
 2 2 2
Normal is perpendicular to X-axis and passes
=   x  
3 3 1
y  through (2, 5).
2 2 2 2  Equation of the normal is
 3x + 2y = 3 2 x = – 2, i.e., x + 2 = 0
499


20. (A) y2 = 4ax 23. (A) 9y2 = x3 ….(i)
dy Differentiating w.r.t. x, get
 2y = 4a
dx dy
18y = 3x2
dy 2a dx
 =
dx y dy x2
 =
 dy  2a 1 dx 6y
  = =
 dx  at 2 , 2 at  2at t  slope of the normal = 
6y
x2
1
 Slope of tangent (m1) = Since the normal to the given curve makes
t equal intercepts with the axis.
x 2  y 2 = a2 6y
dy   =1
 2x  2y x2
ns
=0
dx x2 x2
dy x y= or
 = 6 6
dx y Putting these values in (i), we get
a sec 
io
 dy   4
  = = cosec  9  x  = x3  x = 0 or x = 4
 dx  a sec , a tan  a tan   36 
 Slope of normal (m2) = cosec  16 16 8 8
 y = 0 or y =  or =  or
at
Now, m1m2 = 1 6 6 3 3
1  8  8
   (cosec )  1  The required points are  4,  or  4,   .
t  3  3
 t = cosec 
lic 24. (D) Since, the given curve crosses the Y-axis,
21. (A) y = 5x  1
2 x=0
dy 5  y = be0  y = b
 =  the given curve crosses the Y-axis at (0, b).
ub
dx 2 y
x

 dy  5 Now, y = be a
   =
 dx  (1,  2) 4 dy b x
   e a
 Equation of the normal at (1, –2) is dx a
P
4
  dy  b
y  (2) = ( x  1)   
5  dx (0, b) a
 4x  5y  14 = 0 ….(i)  The equation of the tangent at (0, b) is
et
As the normal is of the form ax  5y + b = 0, b

comparing this with (i), we get y  b =  (x  0)
a
a = 4 and b = 14 x y
  =1
rg
2 2 2 a b
22. (A) x + y = a
3 3 3
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 25. (C) y = e2x

dy
Ta
2 3
1
2 3 dy
1
  2e2 x
x + y =0 dx
3 3 dx
  dy 
2
1
y3  
dy  dx  (0,1)
 = 1
dx
x3  Equation of the tangent at (0, 1) is
At (a sin , a cos ),
3 3 y  1 = 2(x  0)
dy cos   y = 2x + 1
= =  cot 
dx sin  This tangent meets X-axis,
 slope of the normal is tan.  y=0
 equation of the normal at (a sin3 , a cos3) is  0 = 2x + 1  x = 
1
y  a cos3  = tan  ( x  a sin3 ) 2
 y cos   a cos4 = x sin   a sin4   The required point is   1 , 0 .
 x sin   y cos  = a sin4   a cos4   2 
500


26. (C) Let the required point be ( x1 , y1 ). 3
y x
x
 1
x
 y1  be a
….(i) dy 3
x
 1 2
 dx x
Now, y  be a
 dy  3
dy b  ax
    1  2  2 ….(ii)
  e  dx 1, 4 1
dx a From (i) and (ii),
b  a1  y1
x
  dy  T1 is parallel to T2
   e  ....[From (i)]
 dx  x1 , y1  a a
30. (D) Given, x2 + 2xy  3y2 = 0 ….(i)
 equation of the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 y1  dy  dy
y  y1 = ( x  x1 )  y   6y
2x + 2  x =0
ns
a  dx  dx
x y
   = 1
dy dy
 x  y  x1  1  =
a y1 a dx 3 y  x  dx  (1,1)
x y  equation of the normal at (1, 1) is
io
Comparing this equation with   1, we get
a b y  1 = 1(x  1)
x1 y=2–x
y1  b and 1   1  x1  0 Putting y = 2 – x in (i), we get
a
at
 The required point is (0, b). x2 + 2x(2 – x)  3(2 – x)2 = 0
 x2 – 4x + 3 = 0
27. (C) At x = 0, y = e0 + 0 = 1  x = 1, 3
y = e2x + x2

dy
= 2e2x + 2x
lic  The points of intersection are (1,1) and (3,–1).
 The normal at (1, 1) meets the curve again at
dx (3, 1) which lies in the fourth quadrant.
 dy 
   =2 dy
= 1  2x + 3x2
ub
 dx (0,1) 31. (D)
dx
 dx  1
Also,    = dy  2 2 1
 (0,1)
dy 2  = 3x2 – 2x + 1 = 3 x  x 
dx  3 3
Equation of normal at (0, 1) is  2 1 1 1
P
1 = 3  x2  x    
(y  1) = (x  0)  3 9 9 3
2  2
2
= 3  x    
1
 2y  2 =  x  x + 2 y  2 = 0
 3  9 
et
 distance between origin and normal

2
002 = 3  x   + > 0
2 1 2
= =
1 4 5  3 3
rg
l
28. (B) When x = 0, Slope of the given line is  .
m
y = (1 + 0)y + sin1 (0)  y = 1 The slope will be positive only if l and m have
Now, y = (1 + x)y + sin1(sin2 x) opposite signs.
Ta
 dy  dy y  sin 2 x  option (D) is the correct answer.

 (1  x ) y  log(1  x )  
dx  dx 1 x  1  sin 4 x n n
32. (D)   +   = 2
x y
  dy  = 1
  a   b
 dx (0,1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
 The equation of the normal at (0, 1) is 1
1 nxn–1 + nyn–1y = 0
y  1 =  1(x  0)  x + y = 1
an bn
29. (A) 8y = (x  2)2 b n x n 1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get  y  = an 
y n 1
dy x  2
 At (a, b),
dx 4 n 1
b
 bn a
 
dy 6  2 y = n
 n 1 = , which is independent
     2 ….(i) a b a
 dx ( 6,8) 4 of n.
501


33. (C) Since (x1, y1) lies on the curve xy = a2,
  dy  = log a = m1 (say)
x1y1 = a2 ....(i)  dx (0,1)
2
Now, xy = a Also, y = bx
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
dy   b x log b
x y=0 dx
dx
dy y   dy   log b  m 2 (say)
   dx (0,1)
dx x
  dy  =  y1  tan  = m1  m 2 = loga  log b

 dx  x1 , y1  x1 1  m1m 2 1  loga log b
 equation of the tangent at (x1, y1) is


ns
37. (A) If sin x = cos x, then x =
y  y1 =  y1 (x  x1) 4
x1
Now, y = sin x
xy1 + yx1 = 2x1y1 dy
xy1 + yx1 = 2a2 ....[From (i)]  = cos x
io
dx
This tangent meets the coordinate axes at
  
dy 1
 2a 2   2a 2   = m1 (say)
 , 0  and  0, .  dx  x    2
at
 4
 y1   x1 
Also, y = cos x
 required area = 1  2a  2a 2 
2
  
dy
=  sin x
2  y1  x1 
dx
= 2a
4
lic   
dy

1
 m 2 (say)
x1 y1  dx    2
x 
 4
= 2a2 ....[From (i)]
 angle between the curves is
ub
34. (B) y = x2  5x + 6 1 1

dy m  m2
 = 2x  5 tan  = 1  2 2
dx 1  m1m 2  1  1 
1    
 2  2
  
dy
P
= 2(2)  5 = 1 = m1 (say)
 dx (2, 0)  tan  = 2 2
and  
dy
= 2(3)  5 = 1 = m2 (say)   = tan1  2 2 
 dx (3, 0)
et
Here, m1 m2 = 1 38. (A) y = e x

2
….(i)

 The required angle is  x2
y = e sin x ….(ii)
rg
2
From (i) and (ii), we get
= 2x    = 2 = m1(say)
dy dy 2
e x  e x sin x
2
35. (C) y = x2 
dx  dx (1,1)

Ta
dy  sin x = 1  x =
6y = 7  x  6 = 3x23
2
dx

Slope of tangent to (i) at x = is given by
   =  = m2(say)
dy 1
2
 dx  (1,1) 2 2
 dy 
  2 xe x     e 4
2
Since m1m2 = 1  
 dx  x   2  x

2
 The angle of intersection is . 

2 Slope of tangent to (ii) at x = is given by
2
36. (B) The point of intersection of the given curves is 2
 dy 
  2 xe x sin x  e x cos x   =  e 4
2 2
(0, 1).  
Now, y = ax  dx  x   2   x
2
dy Since both tangents have equal slopes, the

  a x log a
dx angle between them is zero.
502


39. (C) Let the given curves intersect each other at 3. (A)
P(x1, y1).
y2 = 6x 4. (C) a + bv2 = x2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get Differentiating both sides w.r.t.t, we get
= 6    =
dy dy 3
2y  dv  dx
dx  P
d x y 0 + b  2v.  = 2x.
 dt 
1
dt
9x2 + by2 = 16
dv dx dv x  dx 
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  v.b = x.  = …   v
dy dt dt dt b  dt 
18 x + 2by =0
dx
5. (C) s = 6 + 48t  t3
   =  1
dy 9x
 dx  P by1 ds
ns
 v= = 0 + 48  3t2
Since the given curves intersect each other at dt
 3   9 x1  When direction of motion reverses, v = 0
right angles,     = –1
 y1   by1   48  3t2 = 0  t = 4, 4
io
27 x1  (s)4 = 6 + 192  64 = 134
 =1
by12
9 dR
b= …  y12  6 x1 
at
6. (A) Area of a circle is A = R2 and = 0.2
2 dt
2.2 dA dR
Derivative as a Rate Measure  = 2R = 1.2cm2
dt dt
1. (A) s = t 
ds
=
1
lic
dt 2 t 7. (B) x = At2 + Bt + C
d 2s 1 dx
and = 3  v= = 2At + B
dt 2
ub
4t 2
dt
3 3  v2 = 4A2t2 + 4ABt + B2 …(i)
=  
1 2ds   ds 
 =  2  2 2
4  dt   dt  and 4Ax = 4A t + 4ABt + 4AC …(ii)
Hence, acceleration  (velocity) . 3
From (i) – (ii), we get
P
v2  4Ax = B2 – 4AC
2. (C) s = at  bt  c
2
 4Ax – v2 = 4AC – B2
ds 1 2at  b
 v=
et
=
dt 2 at 2  bt  c
d 2 t d  dt  d  1  1 dv
2at  b 8. (B)      2.
= dx 2 dx  dx  dx  v  v dx
2s
rg
dv dv f
d 2s dv Since v f  
acceleration = = dx dx v
dt 2 dt
d2t 1 f 2
3 d t
2s(2a)  (2at  b)  2
ds    .  v =f
Ta
dt dx 2 v2 v dx 2
=
4s 2
4a s  2(2a t  b)
 2a t  b  9. (C) Radius of balloon = r =
3
(2x + 3)
= 2s 4
4s 2 dr 3
4as 2  (2at  b)2  =
= dx 2
4s3
4 3
4a(at 2  bt  c)  (4a 2 t 2  4abt  b2 ) V= r
= 3
4s3 2
4ac  b2 dV 3 3
=  = 4   (2x + 3)2.
4s3 dx 4 2
1 27 
 acceleration varies as = (2x + 3)2
s3 8
503


10. (A) Let r be the radius and V be the volume of the  r3 = 3  243 = 3  35
spherical balloon at any time t. Then,  r=9
4 3 dV
V= r Given, = 72
3 dt
dV dr  dr 
 = 4r2  72 = 4  9  9   ….[From (i)]
dt dt  dt 
   = 4  (15)2   
dV dr dr 2
 dt (r 15)  dt (r 15)  
dt 9
 30 = 900 
dr 
 da
 dt (r 15) 15. (B) =5 ….(i)
dt
   But if a is edge of a cube, then V = a3
dV
 30ft 3 / min (given)  
 dt 
ns
dV da
 = 3a2 = 3a2. 5
  
dr 1 dt dt
= ft / min
 dt (r 15) 30 = 15a2 = 15  (12)2
dr
…[ edge a = 12 cm]
io
11. (C) Surface area, S = 4r2 and =2 3
= 2160 cm /sec
dt
dS dr
 = 4  2r = 8r  2 = 16r 16. (D) V =
4
(x + 10)3, where x is thickness of ice.
dt dt
at
3
dS
 r 
dV
 4 (10  x ) 2
dx
dt dt dt
dV
But, = 50
4
12. (B) Volume = V = r3
3
lic dt
dx
dV dr
 50 = 4 (10 + x)2
 = 4r2 . , dt
dt dt dx 50
ub
At x = 5, =
dV 4 10  5 
2
Here, r = 7 cm and = 35 cc/min dt
dt
50 1
dr dr 5 = = cm/ min
 35 = 4(7)2  = 4(225) 18
dt dt 28
P
Surface area, S = 4r2 17. (C) If x is the length of each side of an equilateral
triangle and A is its area, then
= 8(7) 
dS dr 5 
 = 8r 2
 = 10 cm /min
dt dt  28  A=
3 2
x 
dA
=
3
. 2x
dx
et
4 dt 4 dt
4 3 dx
13. (B) Volume of sphere (V) = r Here, x = 10 cm and = 2 cm / sec
3 dt
Surface area of sphere (A) = 4r2 
dA
rg
= 10 3 sq. unit/sec
dV dA dt
= 4r2 and = 8r
dr dr 18. (C) A1 = x2, and A2 = y2
 dV  dA1 dx dA 2 dy
  
Ta
 
2 = 2x , and = 2y

dV
=  dr  = 4πr = r dt dt dt dt
 
 dA   dA  8πr 2 dA 2 dy
  2y
 dr  dA 2 dt = y  dy 
 = dt =  
 dV  4 dA1 dA d x x  dx 
 = = 2 cm3/cm2
1
2x
  dt dt
 dA  r  4 2
Given, y = x + x2
4 3 dy
14. (C) V = r  = 1 + 2x
3 dx
dV dr dA 2 y
 = 4r2 ….(i)  = (1 + 2x)
dt dt dA1 x
After 49 min, (4500 – 49  72) = 972 m3 x  x2
= (1 + 2x)
4 3 x
 972  = r
3 = (1 + x) (1 + 2x) = 2x2 + 3x + 1
504


19. (C) Let x be the side, A be the area and  be the 23. (B) Let the position of the kite at time t be at C.
angle of the rhombus.  BC = 151.5 m
 A = x2 sin  Let AD be the boy who is flying the kite.

dA
= 2x sin   CE = BC – BE = 151.5 – 1.5 = 150 m
dx
C
According to the given condition,
2x sin  = x
250 m
1 y
 sin  = 150 m
2
π 5
 = and
6 6 D E
ns
1.5 m x 1.5
2 A B
20. (A) h = 6 m, r = 4 m = h
3 x
1 2
r h
io
V= In right angled  CDE,
3
1 4 y2 = x2 + (150)2
V=   h3
3 9 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
at
dV 4 2 dh dy dx
 = h 2y = 2x
dt 9 dt dt dt
dV dy x  dx 
But
dt
= 3 m3/min and h = 3 m
lic   .(10)
dt y
… 
 dt
 10 

4 dh 10 y 2  (150) 2
 3= 9 =
9 dt y
ub
dh 3
 = m/min 10 (250) 2  (150) 2 10  200
dt 4π  = = 8 m/s
250 250
dx D C
21. (B) = 0.5 cm/sec 24. (A)
P
dt
Y
x2 a
 Area = x
2 B
et
dA 2 x dx
   A B
dt 2 dt a 20 ft
y
 dA  1 A  400cm 2 
  800 … 
rg
 dt 
  A  400 2  x  800 cm  X
O x
2 A
 10 2 cm /sec 12 ft
Ta
22. (B) From the figure, According to the figure, x2 + y2 = 400 ….(i)
x x y Differentiate (i) w.r.t. t, we get
=
2 6 dx dy
2x + 2y =0 ….(ii)
1 dt dt
 4x = 2y  x = y
2 dy
Here x = 12 and =2
dt
From (i), 122 + y2 = 400
6
2  y = 16
y x dx
From (ii), 2(12) + 2(16)(2) = 0
dt
dx 1 dy 5 dx 8
 = = metre/hour  =–
dt 2 dt 2 dt 3
505


25. (C) C 2.3 Approximations
B 1
1. (B) Let f(x) =
x
20 ft 1 23 1
y  f (x) = x = 3
2
2x 2
O Here, a = 25 and h = 0.1
x A  f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
16 ft 1 (0.1) 1 0.1
   
Let OC be the wall. Let AB be the position of 5 2 125 5 2 50
the ladder at any time t such that OA = x and 1  1  1  499  1  998 
 1      
ns
OB = y. 5  500  5  500  5  1000 
Length of the ladder AB = 20 ft.
1 1
In right angled  AOB,    0.998  0.1996
25.1 5
x2 + y2 = (20)2
io
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get 1
dx dy 2. (A) Let f(x) =
2x + 2y =0 x2
dt dt 2
 f (x) = 2x 3 =
at
dy x dx x dx x3
 =  = 
dt y dt 400  x 2 dt Here, a = 2 and h = 0.002
 dy  16 dx 4 dx  f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
   
 dt  x 16
=–
400  (16)2 dt
=– .
3 dt
lic 
1  2  1
+ (0.002)    
0.002
Negative sign indicates, that when x increases 4  8 4 4
with time, y decreases. 1 0.998
   0.2495
ub
4 (2.002) 2
4
Hence, the upper end is moving times as
3
fast as the lower end. 3. (C) Let f(x) = 5
x =x
1/5
1 –4/5 1
10
26. (C) y =  f  (x) = x = 4/5
P
x 5 5x
dy 10 dx Here, a = 243 and h = – 0.001
  2 . …(i)
dt x dt f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + h f  (a)
et
dx 1
Given that =1 = (243)1/5 – 0.001 ×
5  243 
4/ 5
dt
dy 10
  2 0.001
=3–
rg
dt x 5  81
When the point passes through (5, 2),we have 1
x = 5. =3–
405000
dy 10 2
  2 
Ta
1214999
dt 5 5  f(242.999) =
405000
2
 The ordinate decreases at the rate of unit per
5 4. (B) Let f(x) = cot1x
second. 1
 f (x) =
27. (B) W = nw, n = 2t + 3 and w = t  t + 2
2 2 1 x 2
dW dn dw dn dW Here, a = 1 and h = 0.001
 w n , where  4t,  2t  1
dt dt dt dt dt  f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
At t = 1, π  1 
 + 0.001  
dn dW 4  2 
n = 5, w = 2,  4, 1
dt dt 3.14
 – 0.0005
 
dW  4
 = 2(4) + 5(1) = 13
 dt ( t  1)  cot1 (1.001)  0.785  0.0005  0.7845
506


5. (D) Let f(x) = tan1 x  2 loge 3 +
0.01
1 9
 f (x) =
1 x 2  2.1972 + 0.0011
Here, a = 1 and h =  0.001  2.1983
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
10. (D) Let f(x) = 5x
 1
 tan1 (0.999)  + (0.001)  f (x) = 5x log 5
4 11
Here, a = 2 and h = 0.01
 0.001
   f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + h f  (a)
4 2
≈ f(2) + 0.01 f (2)

  0.0005 ≈ 52 + 0.01 (52  log 5)
4
≈ 25 + 0.01 (25  1.6095)
≈ 25.4024
ns
6. (B) Let f(x) = cos x
 f (x) = sin x
Here, a = 90
2.4 Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value
 c theorem
1 1 
and h = 30 =   =   0.0175 
io
2 2  1. (D) (A) f(x) = | x | is not differentiable at x = 0.
= 0.00875 
(B) f(x) = tan x is discontinuous at x = .
f(a) = f(90) = cos 90 = 0 2
at
f (a) = f (90) = sin90 = 1 2
(C) f(x) = 1  ( x  2) 3 is not differentiable at
 f(a + h)  f(a) + h f (a)
 cos (90 30)  0 + (0.00875)  (1)  0.00875 x = 2.
(D) f(x) = x(x  2)2 is a polynomial function.
7. (D) Let f(x) = cos x
 f  (x) = –sin x
lic  f(x) is continuous on [0, 2] and differentiable
on (0, 2).
Here, a = 30 and h = 1 = 0.0174 Also, f (0) = f (2)
 f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + h f  (a) Hence, Rolle’s theorem is applicable.
ub
3  1 
≈ + 0.0174   2. (D) f(x) = | x | in [–2, 2] is not differentiable at
2  2 
x = 0.
1.732 0.0174
≈ –
2 2 3. (A) f(x) = e–2x sin 2x
P
≈ 0.8573  f (x) = 2e–2x (cos2x – sin 2x)

8. (C) Let f(x) = tan x Now, f (c) = 0
 f (x) = sec2x  cos2c – sin2c = 0
et

c
 
Here, a = 45 =   and h = 1 = 0.0175c  tan2c = 1  2c = c=
4 4 8
f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a) 4. (A) Since f(x) satisfies the Rolle’s theorem,
rg
 tan (a) + h sec2 a f(1) = f(3)

 tan (a) + h
1  a + b + 5 = 27a + 9b + 27
cos 2 a  26a + 8b + 22 = 0
Ta
  13a + 4b + 11 = 0
 tan   + (0.0175)
1 …(i)
1 / 2 
2
4  1 
Given that f   2  =0
 3
 1 + 0.035
 tan 46o  1.035 f (x) = 3ax2 + 2bx + 11
2
 1   1   1 
9. (B) Let f(x) = loge x  f  2   = 3a  2    2b  2    11
 3  3  3
1
 f  (x ) =
  2b
2
x = a 2 3  1  4b   11
3
Here, a = 9 and h = 0.01
2b
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a) = (13a  4b  11)  4 3a 
3
 f(9) + (0.01) f (9)
12a  2b
 loge 32 +
0.01 = 0 …[From (i)]
9
3
507


12a  2b 1
 0 9. (B) f(x) = x +
3 x
 6a + b = 0 …(ii)  f(3) =
10 1
, f(1) = 2 and f ( x)  1  2
Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = 1, b = – 6 3 x
 a + b = –5 By Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
f (3)  f (1)
1
  x f (c) =
5. (C) f ( x )  x ( x  3)e  2
3 1
1 1 10
 f (x) = ( x 2  3 x)e
  x
 1   x
2
2
.    (2 x  3)e  2  1 1 2
 2   1  2 = 3  1 2 
1
c 2 c 3
  x
 1 2   c2 = 3  c =
  ( x  3 x )  2 x  3
= e  2
3
 2 
ns
 x 1
 
= 1e  2
( x 2  x  6) 10. (A) f(x) =
x
2
Since f(x) satisfies all the conditions of 1 1 1
f(a) = , f(b) = andf (x) =  2
Rolle’s theorem, there exists c  (3, 0) such a b
io
x
that Given, f(b)  f(a) = (b  a) f (x1)
f (c) = 0
 1  1  (b  a)   12 
 c2  c  6 = 0
at
b a x  1 
 c = 3, 2
But c = 2  [3, 0]  a  b  (a 2 b)
ab x1
 c = 2
6. (D) f(x) = x
lic  x12 = ab  x1 = ab
 f(a) = f(4) = 4 = 2, f(b) = f(9) = 9 = 3 and 11. (D) f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 8x + 11, x  [0, 1]
1  f (x) = 3x2 – 8x + 8
f (x) =
ub
2 x By LMVT,
f (b)  f (a) 32 f (1)  f (0)
Given, f (c) = = =
1 f (c) =
ba 94 5 1 0
16  11

1 1
= c=
25  3c2 – 8c + 8 =
P
= 6.25 1 0
2 c 5 4
 3c2 – 8c + 3 = 0
7. (A) y = x3 = f(x)
4 7
 f(2) = 8, f( 2) =  8 and f ( x)  3x2 c=  (0, 1)
et
3
By mean value theorem,
f (2)  f ( 2) 12. (C) f(x) = x(x  1) (x  2)
f ( x) 
2  ( 2)
 f(a) = f(0) = 0, f(b) = f  1  =
3
rg
and
8  (8)  2 8
 3x 2 
4 f ( x )  ( x  1)( x  2)  x ( x  2)  x ( x  1)
4
 x2 =  f (c)  (c  1)(c  2)  c(c  2)  c(c  1)
Ta
3
2 f (c) = c2  3c + 2 + c2  2c + c2  c
   x    f (c) = 3c2  6c + 2
3
f (b)  f (a)
Given, f (c) 
8. (A) f (x) = loge x ba
 f (1) = loge 1 = 0, 3
0
f (3) = loge 3 and f (x) =
1  3c2  6c  2  8  3
x 1
0 4
By Lagrange’s mean value theorem, 2
f (3)  f (1) 5
f (c) =  3c2  6c  = 0
3 1 4
1 log 3  0 6  21
  e  c = 2  c = 2 log3 e  c = 6  36  15 = = 1  21
c 2 loge 3 23 6 6
508


2x  3 3. (C) f(x) = x3  10x2 + 200x  10
13. (B) f(x) =
4x  1  f (x) = 3x2  20x + 200
5 For f(x) to be increasing f (x) > 0
f(1) = , f(2) = 1
3  3x2  20x + 200 > 0
 4 x  1 2    2 x  3 4 
f  (x) = =
14  3  x 2  x 
20 200 100 100 
  0
 4 x  1
2
 4 x  1
2  3 3 9 9 
 2

 By Lagrange's mean value theorem,  3  x   
10 500
0
f  2   f 1  3  9 
f  (c) =
2 1
2
 3  x   
10 500
0
1
5  3 3
14
 = 3 Always increasing throughout real line.
 
ns

2
4c 1 1
3
14 4. (B) f(x) = x 2 (3x  10), x  0
 (4c – 1) = 2
2 3 12 3
3  f (x) = x (3x  10) + x 2 (3)
io
2
 16c2 – 8c + 1 = 21 15 1
 4c2 – 2c – 5 = 0 = x 2 ( x  2)
2
1  21
at
c= For f(x) to be increasing,
4 15 12
f (x)  0  x ( x  2)  0
f  x 2
14. (D) g(x) =  x  2  x  [2, )
x 1
f  0 f  6 4
lic x
 g(0) = = 12 and f(6) = = 5. (B) f(x) =
0 1 6 1 7 1 x
By mean value theorem, x
ub
g  6  g  0 1 x  x
1
g (c) =  f (x) = x = >0
60 1  x  1 x 
2 2
4
 12  The given function is increasing.
= 7
P
6 log x
4  84 44 6. (C) f(x) =
= =  x
76 21 1 log x
 f (x) = <0
et
15. (A) Consider option (A), x2

 1  log x < 0
1 1
Lf    = 1 and Rf    = 0  1 < log x
 2  2
 log x > log e
rg
1
So, it is not differentiable at x =  (0, 1). x>e
2
Hence, Lagrange’s mean value theorem is not x x
7. (B) f(x) = = = x loge x
Ta
applicable. log x e log e e

log e x
2.5 Increasing and Decreasing Functions
 f (x) = 1 + loge x
1. (D) f(x) = 1  x  x  f (x) = 3x  5x
3 5 2 4 For increasing function, f (x) > 0
 f (x)  0 for all values of x.  1 + loge x > 0
 x > e–1
2. (A) f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 10
 x   , 1  (1, )
1
 f (x) = 3x2 – 12x + 9 e 
For increasing function, f (x)  0
 3x2 – 12x + 9  0 d 2  x
8. (B) (f(x)) =
 x  1
2
 x2 – 4x + 3  0 dx
 (x – 3)(x – 1)  0 d
For x > 0, (f(x)) < 0
 x  (– , 1]  [3, ) dx
509


dy  ax >  ax
9. (A) y = tan x  x  = sec2 x  1 = tan2 x  0
dx  2ax > 0
0 , x0  ax > 0, then x < 0 …[ a < 0]
10. (B) f(x) = 
x  3 , x  0 15. (A) f (x) = 3kx2  18x + 9
0 , x  0 = 3 (kx2  6x + 3)
 f (x) = 
1 , x  0 Since f(x) is increasing on R, f (x) > 0
 It is strictly increasing when x > 0.  kx2  6x + 3 > 0  x  R
 k > 0 and 36  12k < 0
11. (C) f(x) = x + 1 x
…[  ax2 + bx + c > 0  x  R
1
 f  (x) = 1 –  a > 0 and b2  4ac < 0 ]
2 1 x
k>3
For f(x) to be decreasing, f  (x) < 0
ns
Hence, f(x) is increasing on R if k > 3.
1
1– <0 16. (B) f(x) = (2k + 1) x – 3 – ke–x + 2ex
2 1 x
1  f (x) = (2k + 1) + ke–x + 2ex
1< 2e 2 x  (2k  1)e x  k
io
2 1 x =
ex
 2 1 x < 1
Since f(x) is monotonically increasing,
 4 (1 – x) < 1 f (x)  0
at
1
1–x< 2e 2 x  2ke x  e x  k
4  0
ex
3
 <x  (2ex + 1) (ex + k)  0
4
3 
 x   ,1
lic  ex + k  0 …[ (2ex + 1)  0]
4 
 k  –ex
 k = 0 is the least value.
12. (C) f (x) > 0
ub
17. (A) The graph of cosec x is opposite in interval
 f (x) is increasing. …(i)
  3 
 (x) = f (x) + f (2 – x)  , 
  (x) = f (x) – f (2 – x) 2 2 
Y
For  (x) to be increasing,
P
 (x) > 0
 f (x) – f (2 – x) > 0
 f (x) > f (2 – x)
1
x>2–x
et
…[From (i)]
x>1
 (x) is increasing in (1, 2).
For  (x) to be decreasing, X
rg
 (x) < 0 0  3
 f (x) < f (2 – x) 2 2
x<2–x …[From (i)] 1
Ta
x<1
 (x) is decreasing in (0, 1).
13. (A) f (x) = 2xex  x2 ex = xex (2  x) At the point x = , cosec x is not defined and
Since f is increasing, f (x) > 0   3 
x   , 
 xe –x (2  x) > 0 2 2 
 x(2  x) > 0  equation is neither increasing nor decreasing.
0<x<2 d
 x  (0, 2) Also, (tan x) = sec2 x > 0 which is a
dx
14. (B) f(x) = eax + e–ax increasing function.
 f (x) = a(eax  e–ax) < 0 Also y = x2 is a parabola, which is increasing
But, a < 0 Also y = |x  1| is a V-shaped upward curve,
 eax  e–ax > 0 which is always increasing.
 eax > e–ax  option (A) is the correct answer.
510


3 x2
18. (C) Since f (x) = is greater than '0' in 24. (C) f(x) = 1  e

2
( x  1) 2
x2 x2
x2  
interval (, ), therefore f(x) = is  f (x) = e 2
(  x )  xe 2
x 1
increasing in interval (, ) or R. For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0
x2

19. (A) f(x) = x 

4 x3
 f (x) = 4x3  x2  xe  0 2
3  f(x) is decreasing for x < 0 and increasing

For f(x) to be increasing, 4x3  x2  0 for x > 0.
 x2(4x  1)  0
1 ln(   x )
 The function is increasing for x  25. (B) Let f(x) =
ln(e  x)
4
ns
1 1 1
Similarly, decreasing for x  ln(e  x )   ln(   x ) 
4  f (x) =  x e x
ln(e  x) 
2
20. (B) f(x) will be monotonically decreasing,

if f (x)  0. (e  x)ln(e  x)  (  x )ln(   x)
=
io
ln(e  x)
2
 f (x) =  sin x  2p  0  (e  x)(  x )
1
 sin x + p  0  f (x)  0 for all x  0 ….[   e]
2  f(x) is decreasing on [0, ).
at
1
p ….[ 1  sin x  1]
2 log x
26. (B) f(x) =
21. (C) As f(x) = sin 2x  f (x) = 2 cos2x lic x
    1 log x 1  log x
Here, f (x)  0 in  0,  and f (x)  0 in  ,   f (x) = 2  2 =
 4 4 2 x x x2
22. (B) f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x For f(x) to be increasing, f (x)  0

 f (x) = – sin 4x  1  log x  0  1  log x  e  x
ub
 f (x) > 0  f(x) is increasing in the interval (0, e).
 – sin 4x > 0 27. (A) f(x) = log(1 + x)  2 x
 sin 4x < 0 2 x
 (2n + 1)  < 4x < (2n + 2)  (2  x).(2)  2 x(1)
P
1
 f (x) = 
(2n  1) (n  1) 1 x (2  x)2
 < x <
4 2 x2
   f (x) =
( x  1)( x  2) 2
et
For n = 0, < x <

4 2
 f (x)  0 for all x  0
 4 3
Now, = > Hence, f(x) is increasing on (0, ).
2 8 8
rg
  3  28. (A) f(x) = log(sin x + cos x)

 f(x) is increasing in  ,  .
4 8  cos x  sin x 1  tan x  
   f (x) = = = tan   x 
sin x  cos x 1  tan x  4 
23. (D) f(x) = (x + 2)ex
Ta
 f (x) = ex  ex (x + 2) = ex (x + 1) For f(x) to be increasing,

For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0
 ex (x + 1)  0  ex (x + 1)  0  
 tan   x  > 0
 (x + 1)  0 4  
 x < 1  
 x  (, 1) 0< x<
4 2
 The function is increasing in (, 1).
 
 For f(x) to be decreasing,  ex (x + 1)  0  <x<
4 4
 ex (x + 1)  0
 
x+1>0  <x<
 x > 1 4 4
 x  (1, )   
 x   , 
 The function is decreasing in (1, ). 4 4  
511


29. (B) f(x) = tan1 (sin x + cos x) For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0
1 
 f (x) =  (cos x  sin x) x=
1  (sin x  cos x) 2 2
  Now f (x) = 2 > 0
2 cos  x    
=  4  f(x)  f  
1  (sin x  cos x ) 2  2 
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0     
=     
   2  2 
 2 cos  x   > 0
 4        ( ) 2
=  = 
  2  2  4

 cos  x   > 0
 4  3. (A) y = xex
ns
    y = xex + ex = ex (x + 1) = 0
 <x+ <  x=1
2 4 2
y = xex + ex + ex
3 
  <x< At x =  1,
io
4 4
1
   y =  e 1 + e 1 + e 1 = >0
 f(x) is an increasing function in   ,  . e
 2 4  Minimum at x = 1.
at
30. (C) f(x) =  e x ( x  1)( x  2)dx 4. (B) f(x) = x5  5x4 + 5x3  10
 f (x) = 5x4  20x3 + 15x2
 f (x) = ex(x  1) (x  2) For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0
For f(x) to be decreasing, f (x) < 0  5x2 (x2  4x + 3) = 0
 ex (x  1) (x  2) < 0
lic  x2 (x  3) (x  1) = 0
 (x  1) (x  2) < 0 x=0,x=3,x=1
 x  (1, 2) f (x) = 20x3  60x2 + 30x = 10x (2x2  6x + 3)
f (0) = 0
ub
a sin x  bcos x f (3) = 90, Positive (Minima)
31. (A) f(x) =
csin x  d cos x f (1) =  10, Negative (Maxima)
f(x) will be decreasing, if f (x) < 0  (p, q) = (1, 3)
 1
(csin x  d cos x)(a cos x  bsin x)
P
5. (D) dy = + 2bx + 1   
a dy
(csin x  d cos x ) 2 = a + 2b + 1 = 0
dx x  dx  x 1
(a sin x  bcos x)(ccos x  d sin x )   0
 a = 2b  1
 acsin x cos x  bcsin x  ad cos x
et
 dy 
2 2
a
and   = + 4b + 1 = 0
 bdsin x cos x  acsin x cos x  adsin 2 x  dx  x  2 2
 bccos2 x  bdsin x cos x  0 2b  1
 + 4b + 1 = 0
rg
2
 ad(sin 2 x  cos2 x)  bc(sin 2 x  cos2 x)  0 1
  b + 4b + = 0
 ad  bc < 0 2
1 1 1 2
 3b = b= and a = 1 =
Ta
2.6 Maxima and Minima

2 6 3 3
1. (B) Let y = x2x  log y = 2x.log x, (x  0) 6. (C) f(x) = 3x4  4x3
dy  f (x) = 12x3  12x2
Differentiating, = 2x2x (1 + log x);
dx  x2(x  1) = 0  x = 1, 0
dy Now f (x) = 36x2  24x
 =0
dx f (1) = 12 > 0
f (0) = 0
 log x = 1  x = e1 =
1
e f(1) = 3  4 = 1
1 f(1) = 3 + 4 = 7
 Stationary point is x =
e f(2) = 48  32 = 16
 Maximum at 2 and Minimum at 1 and
2. (D) f(x) = (x  ) (x  ) = x2  ( + )x +  Maximum value is 16 and Minimum value
 f (x) = 2x  ( + ) is 1.
512


7. (B) Let f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 36x + 17 1
 x = 0 or x = 1 or x =
 f (x) = 3x2 – 24x + 36 = 0 at x = 2, 6 4
Again f (x) = 6x – 24 is –ve at x = 2 1 1  1 
So that f(6) = 17, f(2) = 49 At x = ,f    h  > 0 and f    h  < 0
4 4  4 
At the end points, f(1) = 42, f(10) = 177
1
So that f(x) has its maximum value as 177  f (x) has maximum value at x = .
4
8. (D) x + y = 16  y = 16 – x
 x2 + y2 = x2 + (16 – x)2 12. (A) Let f(x) = x 1 x2
Let z = x2 + (16 – x)2 1  2x2 1
 f (x) = =0x=
 z= 4x – 32 1 x 2
2
To be minimum of z, z = 4 > 0
1
But as x  0, we have x =
ns
z= 0  4x – 32 = 0  x = 8, y = 8
2
1
Now,
9. (A) f(x) =  x  1 3 (x  2)
x
1
1 2 1  x 2 ( 4 x)  (1  2 x 2 )
 f (x) = (x  1) . 1 + (x  2).  x  1 3
io
3
f (x) = 1  x2
3 (1  x )
2
4x  5
= 2 x  3x
3
2
=
at
3( x  1) 3 (1  x 2 )3/ 2
For maxima or minima, f (x) = 0  1 
 f    = ve
4x  5  2
 =0
3( x  1) 3
2
lic  f(x) is maximum at x =
1
5 2
 x=
4
x2  1 x2  1  2 2
=1 2
ub
1
13. (D) f(x) = = 2
 f(1) = (1  1) (1  2) = 0 3
x 1
2
x 1 x 1
1
2
 5   5 3  5  3  f(x)  1 x and f(x)   1as 2 2
f   =   1   2  = 4 , f(9) = 14 x 1
 4 4  4 
43  1  f(x)  1
P
 absolute minimum occurs at x =

5
and  f(x) has minimum value –1.
4
3 14. (C) Let f(x) = exp(2 + 3 cos x + sin x)
min. value =
et
4
4 3
 f (x) = exp(2 + 3 cos x + sin x)
Absolute maximum occurs at x = 9 and  (– 3 sin x + cos x)
max. value = 14.
For maximum or minimum of f(x), f (x) = 0
rg
10. (B) Given f(x) = x(1 x)2, f(x) = x3  2x2 + x  exp(2+ 3 cosx + sinx)(  3 sinx + cosx) = 0
 f (x) = 3x2  4x + 1
  3sin x + cos x = 0
Put f (x) = 0, i.e., 3x2  4x + 1 = 0
Ta
 3x2  3x  x + 1 = 0  x = 1, 1/3 1
 tan x =
f (x) = 6x  4 3
 f (1) = 2 > 0 and f (1/3) = 2 < 0 
x=
1 6
 f(x) is maximum at x = .
3 
Atx = , f (x) is negative
1 4 6
 Maximum value = f   =
 3  27 
 f has maximum at x = and maximum value
6
11. (D) Let f(x) = x25 (1 – x)75 
 f (x) = x25 (75)(1 – x)74 (– 1) + 25x 24 (1 – x)75 of f at x = is
6
For maximum value of f(x), f (x) = 0
   3 1
 – 75x25 (1 – x)74 + 25x24 (1 – x)75 = 0 f   = exp  2  3 
6   2   2  = exp(4)
 25x24 (1 – x)74 (1 4x) = 0    
513


15. (B) f(x) = cos x + cos( 2 x) 21. (B) Here f(x) = | sin 4 x  3 |
We know that minimum value of sin x is –1
 f (x) =  sin x  2 sin( 2 x) = 0
and maximum is 1.
 x = 0 is the only solution. Hence, maximum | sin 4 x  3 | = |1  3 | = 4 and
f (x) =  cos x  2 cos( 2 x)  0 at x = 0 minimum | sin 4 x  3 | = | 1  3 | 2
Hence, maxima occurs at x = 0.
22. (A) Let x and y be two natural numbers such that
16. (C) Let f(x) = x3  18x2 + 96x x + y = 10 and the product is xy.
 f (x) = 3x2  36x + 96 xy = x (10  x) = 10x  x2 = f(x)
For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0  f (x) = 10  2x
x2  12x + 32 = 0  (x  4)(x  8) = 0  f (x) =  2
 x = 4, 8 Roots of f (x) = 0,
Now, f (x) = 6x  36 i.e., 10  2x = 0, i.e., x = 5
ns
At x = 4, f (x) = 24  36 =  12  0 f (5) = 10  10 = 0
At x = 4, f(x) will be maximum and  f is maximum when x = 5, y = 5
[f(4)]max. = 160  The product is maximum if x = 5, y = 5
io
d2 y
At x = 8, = 48 36 = 12  0 23. (A) 2 (x + y) = 24
dx 2  x + y =12
At x = 8, f(x) will be minimum and  x = 12  y
at
[f(8)]min. = 128 f(x) = xy = x(12  x) = 12x  x2
17. (D) f(x) = | px – 9 | + r | x |, x  (, )  f (x) = 12  2x = 0
Where p  0, q  0 and r  0 can assume its  x = 6 At x = 6, y = 6
lic
minimum value only at one point, if p = q = r.  Maximum area is 36 m2.
18. (B) f(x) = 3x4  8x3 + 12x2  48x + 25 24. (B) Let x and y be the lengths of two adjacent
 f (x) = 12x3  24x2 + 24x  48 sides of the rectangle.
= 12(x3  2x2 + 2x  4) = 12[(x  2)(x2 + 2)] Then, its perimeter is 2(x + y) = 36
ub
For maximum or minimum of f(x), f (x) = 0  x + y = 18  y = 18  x ….(i)
Area of rectangle,
 12[(x  2)(x2 + 2)] = 0
A = xy = x (18  x) = 18x  x2
 x = 2.
dA
Now, f (x) = 12(3x2  4x + 2)   18  2 x
P
dx
 f (2) = 12(12  8 + 2) = 72  0
 f has minimum at x = 2 and the minimum
dA
value is f(2) = 48  64 + 48  96 + 25 =  39 = 0  18  2x = 0  x = 9
et
dx
19. (A) Let y = sinp x. cosq x From (i), y = 18  9 = 9
dy
 = p sinp1 x. cos x. cosq x 25. (A) Let x + y = 3
dx
rg
+ q cos q1
x. (sin x) sin x
p According to the given condition,
dy f(x) = x2  (3  x) = 3x2  x3 .…(i)
 = p sinp1 x. cosq+1 x  q cosq1 x. sinp+1 x  f (x) = 6x  3x2 = 0
dx
 3x (x  2) = 0
Ta

dy  x = 0,x=2
=0
dx Now f (x) = 6  6x
p p f (2) =  6 < 0
 tan2 x =  tan x =   f(x) ha mximum value at x = 2
q q
 Maximum value is f(2) = 4 ....[From (i)]
p
 Point of maxima x = tan1 26. (B) Let one number be (100  x) and then another
q
is x.
20. (B) Using Shortcut 6, we get  f(x) = 2(100  x) + x2 = x2  2x + 200
maximum value of xy, when x + y = a is when  f (x) = 0  2x  2 = 0  x = 1
x=y=
a Here, f (x) = 2  0
2 Therefore function is minimum at x = 1.
So, maximum value of xy = 4  4 = 16 So the numbers are 99 and 1.
514


27. (C) According to the given condition,  1200 x2 + 5x4  160x3 = 0
2x + 2y = 100  x + y = 50 ….(i)  x = 12, 20
Using Shortcut 7, we get d 2z
Of all rectangles of a given perimeter, the = 2400x + 20x3 – 480x2
dx 2
square has the largest area.
 d 2z 
 x = 25 and y = 25   2 
= 5760 < 0
Hence, adjacent sides are 25 and 25 cm.  dx  x 12
28. (B) Let the numerator be x, then the fraction is  z is maximum at x = 12.
x From (i), y = 20  12 = 8
f(x) =  The parts of 20 are 12 and 8.
x 2  16
On differentiating with respect to x, we get 32. (D) 4x + 2r = a …(i)
( x 2  16).1  x(2 x) 1
f (x) = A = x + r =
2 2
(a – 2r)2 + r2
ns
( x 2  16) 2 16
x 2  16  2 x 2 …[From (i)]
= dA 1
( x 2  16) 2  =  (a – 2r)  + 2r
dr 4
16  x 2
io
= 2 dA a d 2A
( x  16) 2  = 0 gives r = , thus 2 > 0
dr 2(  4) dr
Put f (x) = 0 for maxima or minima
and hence minimum.
f (x) = 0  16  x2 = 0  x = 4, 4
at
a 4a
Again differentiating  4x = a – 2r = a – =
4 4
( x 2  16) 2 ( 2 x )  (16  x 2 )2( x 2  16)2 x
f (x) = a
( x 2  16) 4  x=
At x = 4, f (x) < 0 and at x = 4, f (x) > 0
lic 4
a2
4 1  A = x2 + r2 =
 Least value of f(x) = f(4) = = 4(  4)
16  16 8
33. (D)
ub
29. (C) Let x + y = 4  y = 4  x
1 1 x y
+ = O
x y xy
r r
f(x) =
4
=
4
=
4 
P
xy x(4  x) 4x  x2
4 A B
 f (x) = .(4  2 x) l
(4 x  x 2 ) 2
et
For maximum or minimum of f(x), Let OAB be a given sector of a circle of a

f (x) = 0  4  2x = 0 radius r cm such that arc AB = l cm, and
 x = 2 and y = 2 AOB =  radians.
rg
1 1 1 1 Then
 min    = + = 1 2r + l = 20 ….(i)
x y 2 2
l
1 = ….(ii)
30. (D) Let PQ = a and PR = b, then  = ab sin  r
Ta
2 1
 1  sin   1 A  r 2 ….(iii)
2
Since area is maximum when sin  = 1 From (i), (ii) ,(iii), we get

= A=
1 2 l 1 1
r  = r l = r(20  2r)
2 2 r 2 2
31. (D) Let x + y = 20  y = 20 – x ….(i)  A = 10 r  r2 ….(iv)
and x3y2 = z dA
Now, = 10  2r = 0  r = 5
 z = x3 (20 – x)2  z = 400x3 + x5 – 40x4 dr
dz d 2A
 = 1200x2 + 5x4 – 160x3  = 2 < 0
dx dr 2
For maximum or minimum,  A is maximum at r = 5
dz Hence, the maximum area
=0
dx = 10  5 – 25 = 25 cm2 …. [From (iv)]
515


34. (A) 2l + 2R = 440 36. (B) Using Shortcut 10, we get
 l + R = 220 …(i) 2r 23
Required height  units   2 3 units
3 3
37. (A) Let diameter of sphere be AE = 2r
Let radius of cone be x and height be y.
Now f(x) = l (2R) = (220  R) (2R) A
 f(x) = 440R  2R2
 f (x) = 440  4R = 0 y
 0 = 110  R
22
 110 = R
7 x
ns
B D C
 R = 35
 2R = 70 E
22
From (i),l +  35 = 220  AD = y
io
7 Since BD2 = AD.DE,
 l + 110 = 220  x2 = y(2r – y)
 l = 110 1 1
Volume of cone V = x2y = y (2r – y)y
at
35. (D) Let the length of side of each square cut out be 3 3
1
x sq cm. = (2ry – y3)
2
Then, each side of base of the box is 3

(12  2x) cm and x cm will be height of box. dV 1
lic 
dy
= (4ry – 3y2)
3
dV
Now =0
dy
12  2x
ub
x x 1
 (4ry – 3y2) = 0  y(4r – 3y) = 0
3
12  2x 12  2x 12 4
y= r, 0
3
P
12  2x d 2V 1
x x Now = (4r – 6y)
dy 2 3
 d 2V  1  4 
  =   4r  6  r  < 0
et
2 
12  dy  y  4 r 3  3 
3
4
So, volume of cone is maximum at y = r.
Volume = V = (12  2x) x 2 3
rg
= 4(36 + x2  12x)x Height of Cone y 2

 = =
= 4(x3  12x2 + 36x) Diameter of Sphere 2r 3
dV
 = 4(3x2 – 24x + 36)
Ta
dx
= 12 (x2 – 8x + 12)
d 2V
and = 4(6x  24)
dx 2
dV
Now, = 0  x2  8x + 12 = 0
dx
 (x  2)(x  6) = 0  x = 2 or x = 6
But x < 6
 x = 2
d 2V
For x = 2, = 4 (12  24) =  48 < 0
dx 2
 Volume is maximum when each square of
2 cm length is cut out from each corner.
516

Concept Fusion
1. (D) Here, f(x) is continuous and differentiable on dx

5. (A) v = = 4t3  3kt2
(0, 1) for  > 0 dt
Also, f(0) = f(1) = 0 dv
For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,  = 12t2 – 6kt
dt

lim f(x) = f(0)  lim x log x = 0 dv
x  0 x  0 At t = 2 and =0
log x dt
 lim =0  48 – 12k = 0  k = 4
x 0 x 
Applying LHospital rule, we get 6. (D) f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d
ns
1   f (x) = 3x2 + 2bx + c
x = 0  lim  x = 0,
lim
x  0  x  0  Now its discriminant = 4(b2  3c)
  1  4(b2  c)  8c < 0, as b2 < c and c > 0
x
which is possible only when  > 0  f (x) > 0 for all x  R
io
 option (D) is the correct answer.  f is strictly increasing on R.
2. (B) Given equation is 10s = 10ut – 49t2 7. (B) Since x = 1 and x = 3 are extreme points of
at
 s = ut – 4.9t2 p(x).
ds  p (1) = 0 and p (3) = 0
 = u – 9.8t = v
dt
lic  (x 1) and (x  3) are the factors of p (x).
When stone reaches the maximum height,  p (x) = k(x  1) (x  3) = k(x2  4x + 3)
then v = 0  x3 
 u – 9.8t = 0  u = 9.8t  p(x) = k   2 x 2  3x  + c
3 
But time t = 5 sec
Given, p(1) = 6 and p(3) = 2
ub
So the value of u = 9.8  5 = 49.0 m/sec
1 
3. (C) Let A, P and x be the area, perimeter and  6 = k   2  3  + c and 2 = k (918+9) + c
3 
length of the side of the square respectively at
4k
time t seconds. Then, A = x2 and P = 4x 6= +c and c = 2  k = 3
P
3
 P= 4 A
 p(x) = 3(x2  4x + 3)
dP 1 dA
  4. .  p (0) = 9
dt 2 A dt
et
2 dA 2 1
 .2  cm / sec. 
= . 8. (B) tan A. tan B is maximum if A = B =
x dt 16 4 6
1
 Maximum of tanA.tanB =
rg
4. (A) Let
3

f(A) = cos A cos B = cos A cos   A 

2  9. (B) According to the given condition, 4x + 2r = 2
Ta
= cos A sin A  2x + r = 1 ....(i)

 f (A) = cos2 A  sin2 A = cos 2 A
1  r 
2
For maximum or minimum, A = x2 + r2 =   + r

2
 2 
f (A) = 0  cos 2A = 0
  dA  1  r   
 2A = A =  = 2     2r
2 4 dr  2  2 
Now, f (A) = 2 sin 2 A For maximum or minimum,
dA
=0
 dr
= 2 sin
= 2 < 0
2  (1 – r) = 4r
  1 = 4r + r ...(ii)
 f(A) is maximum at A = .
4 From (i) and (ii), we get
  1 2x + r = 4r + r
 Maximum value = cos sin =
4 4 2  x = 2r
517


1  sin x 1  
10. (A) f(x) = tan–1  f (x) = and at x = , f(x) =
1  sin x 2 6 3
 
 equation of the normal at  ,  is
2
 x x
 cos  sin  6 3
= tan–1  2 2
 x
2    2
 x    y + 2x =
x y– =–2
 cos  sin  3  6 3
 2 2
  x   Only option (A) satisfies this equation.
= tan–1  tan     = 
x
  4 2  4 2
MHT-CET Previous Years’ Questions
ns
1. (A) Let f(x) = x3 1
4. (B) Let f(x) = x 3
 f (x) = 3x2
1 32 1
Here, a = 4 and h = 0.01  f (x) = x = 2
3
f(a) = f(4) = 43 = 64
io
3x 3
and f (a) = f(4) = 3  42 = 48 Here, a = 27 and h = 1
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
1
f(a) = f(27) =  27  3 = 3
at
 (4.01)3  64 + (0.01) (48) 1 1
= 64 + 0.48 and f (a) = f (27) = 2
=
 (4.01)3  64.48 3  27  3
27
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)

2. (C) Let f () = sin  + cos 
lic 1
  28  3  3 
1
Differentiating w.r.t , we get 27
f () = cos  – sin  1
  28  3  3.037
 f () = 0  sin  = cos 
ub
   
= …     0,   5. (A) Given:
4  2   The selling price of one item = ₹ (330 – x)
f () = – (sin  + cos )  The selling price of x items = ₹ (330 – x) x
P
  1 1  The cost price of x items = ₹ (x2 + 10x – 12)

 At  = , f () =     =  2<0 We need to maximize profit
4  2 2
 Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price

 f() has maximum value at  = = (330 – x) x – (x2 + 10x – 12)
et
4
= 330 x – x2 – x2 – 10x + 12
1 1
 Maximum value of f() =  = 2  Profit = 12 + 320x – 2x2
2 2 Let f(x) = 12 + 320x – 2x2
rg
3. (B) x + y = 8  y = 8 – x  f (x) = 320 – 4x

 x2y = x2(8 – x)  For maxima, f (x) = 0
Let f(x) = x2(8 – x) = 8x2 – x3  320 – 4x = 0
Ta
 x = 80
 f (x) = 16x – 3x2
 f (x) = – 4
 x(16 – 3x) = 0
f (80) = –4 < 0
16
 x = 0, x =  f is maximum at x = 80.
3
Now f (x) = 16 – 6x π
6. (A) At  = ,
f  
16  4
 = –16 < 0 π
 3 x = 3 cos  = 3 cos =
3
and
16 4 2
 f(x) has maximum value at
3 π 3
y = 3 sin =
 Maximum value is 4 2
 16   16 
2
 16  2048 x = 3 cos  and y = 3 sin 
f   8   
 3  3  3 27  x2 + y2 = 9 …[ sin2 + cos2 = 1]
518


Differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we get 10. (C) Using Shortcut 10, we get
dy 2a
2x + 2y = 0 Required height 
dx 3
dy  y Alternate Method:

dx x Let r be the radius and h be the height, then
 3  from the figure,
  2
 dy 
 
2
r2 +   = a2
h D C
    1
 dx  33 
,  3   
2
 2 2  
 2 h2 = 4(a2 – r2) O
 3 3  4a 2  h 2 a h
 Equation of the tangent at  ,  is r =2
 2
 2 2 4
3  3  Now, V = r h 2
A r B
ns
y– =  1 x    4a  h 
2 2
2  2  V = π h
x+y= 3 2  4 
dV π
7. (B) y2 = 12x ....(i)  2
 (4a – 3h )
2
io
dh 4
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dV
dy dy 6 For max or min, =0
2y = 12   dh
dx dx y  4a2 – 3h2 = 0
at
1 y 4a 2
 slope of the normal =    h2 =
dy 6 3
dx 2a
h=
Slope of the line x + y = k is 1.
y
lic 3
  = 1  y = 6 11. (B) Let the remaining two sides of triangle be x
6
From (i), x = 3 and y.
ub
Putting the values of x and y in x + y = k, we Since, perimeter of triangle = x + y + 4 = 10
get k = 9  y = 6 – x and s = 5
Area of triangle (A) = s  s  x  s  y  s  4 
8. (B) s = 16 – 2t + 3t3
ds A= 5  5  x  5  6  x  5  4 
= –2 + 9t2
P
Velocity (v) =
dt
A= 5  5  x  x  1
d 2s
Acceleration (a) = 2 = 18t
dt  A = 5 6x  x2  5
et
 At t = 2, a = 18(2) = 36 m/s 2 dA
 5
1
 6  2x 
dx 2 6x  x2  5
 x 
9. (B) y2 = 4a  x  a sin    …(i) dA
 a   For maximum or minimum, =0
rg
dx
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’, we get  6 – 2x = 0
dy   x  1  x = 3 and y = 6 – 3 = 3
2y  4a 1  a cos    
dx  a  a
 When x > 3  
dA
Ta
>0
dy   x   dx  x  3
y  2a 1  cos    …(ii)
dx   a   The area of triangle has maximum value at x = 3
dy  The remaining sides are 3 cm and 3 cm.
If tangent is parallel to X-axis, then =0
dx 12. (A) According to the given condition,
 x 
 2a 1  cos    = 0 …[From (ii)] dy
=8
dx
…(i)
  a  dt dt
x Given, 6y = x3 + 2 … (ii)
 =
a  dy  dx
 6   = 3x2
Equation (i) becomes  dt  dt
y2 = 4a[x + a sin()]  8dx  dx
6   = 3x
2
… [From (i)]
y2 = 4ax …[ sin  = 0]  dt  dt
This is an equation of parabola.  3x2 = 48  x2 = 16  x = 4
519


Putting x = 4 in (ii), we get Now, A = 4r2
6y = (4)3 + 2 = 64 + 2 dA dr
 y = 11  = 8r
dt dt
Putting x =  4 in (ii), we get
1
y =  64 + 2 = 8r 
r2
 62 31
 y= = 8 8 4
6 3 = = = cm2/sec
 The required points on the curve are (4, 11) r 6 3
 31 
and   4, . 17. (B) Let f(x) =
log x 1 log x
f (x) = 2  2
 3  x x x
13. (A) f(x) = x3 + 5x2 – 7x + 9 For maximum or minimum value of f(x),
f (x) = 0
ns
 f (x) = 3x2 + 10x – 7
Here, a = 1 and h = 0.1 1  log e x
 =0
 f(a) = f(1) = 13 + 5(1)2 – 7(1) + 9 = 8 x2
and f (a) = f (1) = 3(1)2 + 10(1) – 7 = 6  loge x = 1 or x = e, which lie in (0, ).
io
 f (a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
d2 y 1
 8 + 0.1 (6) For x = e, =  3 , which is ve.
dx 2 e
 8 + 0.6  8.6

at
y is maximum at x = e
14. (D) f(x) = ex (sin x – cos x) log e 1
 f (x) = ex (sin x –cos x) + ex (cos x + sin x) and its maximum value =
e
= .
e
 f (x) = 2ex sin x
Now, f (c) = 0
 2 ec sin c = 0
lic 18. (C) Given equation of curve is y = x  1
Slope of tangent to the curve is
 sin c = 0 = sin 
dy 1
c= =
ub
dx 2 x 1
15. (C) Given equation of curve is y = x  1 Slope of line 2x + y  5 = 0 is 2
Slope of tangent to the curve is Since the tangent is perpendicular to the given
dy 1 
= 1 
2 x 1 line,   (2)  1
P
dx
 2 x 1 
Slope of line 2x + y  5 = 0 is 2
Since the tangent is perpendicular to the given  x 1  1
 1  x=2
et
line,   (2)  1
 2 x 1  y= x 1 = 2 1 = 1
 x 1  1  (x, y) = (2, 1)
x=2
rg
y = x 1 = 2 1 = 1 19. (A) y2 = ax3 + b …..(i)

 (x, y) = (2, 1) Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
Ta
4 2y. = 3ax2
16. (A) V =  r 3 dx
3
dy 3a  x 2 
 288  =
4 3
r
 =  
dx 2 y
3
 r = 6 cm
  
dy 3a 4
=  = 2a
4
V = r 3  dx  (2,3) 2 3
3 Since, the line touches the curve, their slopes
dV dr
 = 4r2 are equal.
dt dt
 2a = 4  a = 2
dr
 4 = 4r2 Since (2,3) lies on y 2  ax3  b ,
dt
dr 1 9=28+b b=–7
 = 2
dt r Now, 7a + 2b = 7(2) + 2(–7) = 0
520


x f  (1) = 6 > 0
20. (D) f(x) =
x2  1 For x = –1
 f (x) =
x 2
 1 1  x  2 x 
=
1  x2 f  (–1) = –6 < 0
 f(x) attains minimum value at x = 1.
x  1 x  1
2 2 2 2
 a=1
For f(x) to be increasing
1  x2 25. (D) f(x) = 3x3 – 9x2 – 27x + 15
f (x) > 0  >0  f (x) = 9x2 – 18x – 27 = 0 at x = 3, –1
x  1
2 2
 f (x) = 18x – 18 is negative at x = –1

…[  x 2  1  0]
2
1 – x2 > 0  f(x) is maximum at x = –1
 x2 < 1 and its maximum value
 x  (–1, 1) = 3(–1)3 – 9(–1)2 – 27(–1) + 15 = 30
ns
21. (A) f(x) = x log x dr
26. (A) Given that = 5 cm/sec
f (x) = 1 + log x dt
1 Area = A = r2
for minimum, f (x) = 0  log x = –1  x =
io
e Differentiating w.r.t. ‘t’, we get
dA dr
1  2πr 
f  (x) = dt dt
x
After 2 seconds, radius = r = 2  5 = 10
at
1
f  (e) = > 0 dA
e = 2  10  5 = 100  cm2/sec
1 dt t 2
 f(x) is minimum at x =
 
1 1  
1 1
e
lic 27. (A) y = logex
 f   = log   =  
dy 1

e e e e dx x
22. (D) y = ex + e–x  dy  1
ub
...(i)    = =1
dy  dx 1,0 1
 = ex – e–x
dx  dx 
Also, slope of normal =    = –1
dy  dy 1,0 
The slope of the horizontal tangent is =0
P
dx Equation of normal at (1, 0) is

 0 = ex – e–x (y – 0) = –1(x – 1)
 ex = e–x x+y=1
et
 e2x = 1
x=0 28. (C) f(x) = x3 – 3x
Substituting x = 0 in (i), we get  f (x) = 3x2 – 3 = 3(x2 – 1) = 3(x – 1)(x + 1)
y = e0 + e0 = 2 For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0
rg
 3(x – 1) (x + 1) > 0
23. (C) f(x) = x3 + bx2 + ax – 6
 x  (–, –1)  (1, )
f(1) = 1 + b + a – 6 = a + b – 5
 The function is increasing in (–, –1)  (1, )
f(3) = 27 + 9b + 3a – 6 = 3a + 9b + 21
Ta
f(1) = f(3)  For f(x) to be decreasing, f (x) < 0

 a + b – 5 = 3a + 9b + 21  3(x – 1) (x + 1) < 0
 2a + 8b = –26  x  (–1, 1)
 a + 4b = –13  The function is decreasing in (–1, 1).
24. (C) f(x) = x3 – 3x 29. (C) x = 2 + 27t – t3

dx
 f (x) = 3x2 – 3 and f (x) = 6x  = 27 – 3t2
dt
f (x) = 0
dx
 3x2 – 3 = 0 The direction of motion reverses, when =0
dt
 3(x2 – 1) = 0
 27 – 3t2 = 0
 x2 = 1
t=3
x=1
For x = 1,   x  t 3 = 2 + 27(3) – (3)3 = 56
521


30. (D) f(x) = x2 – 2x + 1 = (x – 1)2 sin 46  sin 45 + 1(cos 45)
 f (x) = 2x – 2 = 2(x – 1) 1  1 
Here, a = 3 and h = – 0.01  + (0.0175)  
2  2
f(a) = 32 – 6 + 1 = 4 and f (a) = 2(3 – 1) = 4 1.0175
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)  sin 46 
2
 f(2.99)  4 + (– 0.01) (4)
 f(2.99)  4 – 0.04  x2 , x2
36. (C) f(x) = |x – 2| = 
 f(2.99)  3.96   x  2  , x  2
31. (B) s = 160t – 16t2 f(x) is continuous at every point in [0, 4]
ds f(0) = 2 – 0 = 2 and f(4) = 4 – 2 = 2
Velocity (v) = = 160 – 32t
dt  f(0) = f(4)
ds f (x) = 1, x  2
ns
When bullet stopped, =0
dt f (x) = –1, x < 2
t=5  f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.
Hence, the time when bullet comes to ground Hence, Rolle’s theorem cannot be applied.
= 2  5 = 10 seconds
io
Alternate method: 37. (C) s = 1  t …(i)
ds 1
The bullet comes to ground, so  Velocity (v) =  …(ii)
displacement(s) = 0 dt 2 1  t
at
 160t – 16t2 = 0  Acceleration (a) =
dv
 t = 10 seconds dt
1
da =
32. (D) = – 0.04 3
dt
lic
But if a is edge of a cube, then surface area
4 1  t  2
1
(S) = 6a2 =
 
3
4 1 t
dS da
 = 12a
ub
dt dt 1
= …[From (i)]
= 12a (– 0.04) 4s3
= – 0.48  10 1
a= = –2v3 …[From (ii)]
…[ edge (a) = 10 cms]
 
3
4 1 t
P
= – 4.8 cm2/sec
 a  v3
 The rate of decrease of surface area of the
cube = 4.8 cm2/sec dr
38. (A) = 2 and r = 3 cms
et
dD dt
33. (D) = 1 cm/sec and r =  cm A = r2
dt
2 Differentiating w.r.t. ‘t’, we get
A = r2 =   
D
dA dr
= 2r
rg
2
dt dt
dA πD dD π   2π  = 2  3  2
  1  π2
dt 2 dt 2 = 12
 The rate of increase in area = 2 cm2/sec
Ta
 The rate of change of its area = 12 cm2/min.

dr 39. (D) Let A, P and x be the area perimeter and
34. (B) =3
dt length of the side of the square respectively at
Now, circumference (C) = 2r time t seconds.
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘t’, we get Then A = x2 and P = 4x
dC dr
 2π = 2 (3) = 6  P=4 A
dt dt dP 1 dA
 The rate of increase in circumference = 4 
dt 2 A dt
= 6 cm/sec 2 dA
=  …[A = x2]
35. (B) Let f(x) = sin x x dt
 f (x) = cos x 2
=  0.5
Here, a = 45 and h = 1 10
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a) = 0.1 cm/sec
522


40. (A) 2x2 + y2 = 12
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we get
 Equation of normal at 4 2,4 is  
1
 4x + 2y
dy
=0 y–4=
2 2

x4 2 
dx
dy 2 x x + 2 2 y = 12 2
 
dx y 44. (B) s = t3 – 6t2 + 9t + 25
  
dy ds
= –2 Velocity = = 3t2 – 12t + 9
 dx (2,2) dt
d 2s
 dx  1 Acceleration = 2 = 6t – 12
Also slope of normal =     dt
 dy (2,2) 2 When Acceleration = 0
Equation of normal at (2, 2) is  6t – 12 = 0 ⇒ t = 2
ns
y–2=
1
(x – 2) ∴ At t = 2, s = 8 – 24 + 18 + 25 = 27
2
45. (D) Let x and y be the dimensions of the rectangle.
 x – 2y + 2 = 0
Then its perimeter is 2x + 2y = 108
 x + y = 54
io
41. (A) Let r and h be the radius and height ….(i)
respectively.  y = 54  x
r+h=6h=6–r ...(i) Area of the rectangle A = xy
Volume of cylinder (V) = r h = x(54  x)
at
2
= r2(6 – r) = 54x  x2
= 6r2 – r3 For maximum area, differentiate A w.r.t. x,
dA
dV =0
 For maximum or minimum,
dr
lic
=0 dx
 54  2x = 0  x = 27  y = 27
 12r – 3r2 = 0
r=4 46. (D) Let f(x) = log10 x =
log e x
h=6–4=2 x  log e 10
ub
…[From (i)]
Volume of cylinder = (16)(2) = 32 m3. 1
 f (x) =
4 3 2 x  log e 10
42. (B) f(x) = 3x + 16x – 30x + 10
 f (x) = 12x3 + 48x2 – 60x We have, a = 100 and h = –1
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
P
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0

1
 12x (x2 + 4x – 5) > 0  log10 99  log10 100   1 
100  log e 10
 x (x + 5)(x – 1) > 0
et
 x  (–5, 0)  (1, ) log10 e

2–
 f(x) is an increasing function for 100
0.4343
x  (–5, 0)  (1, ) 2–
100
rg
43. (A) At  =
π  log10 99  1.995657
4
47. (D) 2x2 + 3y2 – 5 = 0
= 4 2 and y = 4 tan2   = 4
π π
x = 4 sec
Ta
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we get

4 4
dy
x = 4 sec   4x + 6y =0
dx
dx dy 2 x
= 4 sec  tan   
d dx 3 y
Also, y = 4 tan2 
 dy  2
dy    
= 4 tan   sec2   dx 1,1 3
d
 dy  4 tan  sec 2   dx  3
   2sec   2 2 Also, Slope of normal =    
    1,1 2
 dx  4sec  tan  d y
4
Equation of normal at (1, 1) is
1 1
 Slope of normal =  3
 dy  2 2 y–1= (x – 1)
   2
 dx 
4 3x – 2y – 1 = 0
523


48. (B) ax2 = 2y2 – b  0 = 2a (4) + b
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we get  8a + b = 0 ...(ii)
dy From (i),
2ax = 4y
dx 16 = a(4)2 + b(4) + 6
dy ax
   16a + 4b = 10 ...(iii)
dx 2 y
From (ii) and (iii), we get
 dy  a 1 a 5
     a
 dx 1, 1 2  1 2 8
Slope of line x + y = 0 is –1 d 2S 5
a Acceleration =  2a = m/sec2
  1 dt 2 4
2
a=2
ns
52. (C) y  4 xex
Substituting x = 1, y = –1 and a = 2 in the dy
given equation of curve, we get  Slope of the tangent =  4e x  4 xex
dx
2(1)2 – 2(–1)2 – b
4 
 Slope of the tangent at  1,
io
2=2–b 
b=0  e 
dy
dr =
at
49. (D) Given that = 7 cm/sec dx  4 
 1, 
dt  e 
2
Area = A = πr  4e 1  4e 1 = 0
Differentiating w.r.t. t, we get
 Required line is a horizontal line passing
dA
dt
= 2πr 
dr
dt
lic 4
through the point  1,  .
 e 
After 10 minutes, i.e., after 600 seconds,
radius = r = 600 × 7 = 4200 4
 Required equation is y 
ub
dA 22 e
∴ = × 2 × 4200 × 7
dt r = 4200 7
dA
= 1, 84, 800 cm2/sec 53. (D) = 2 cm2/sec, r = 6 cm
dt
50. (B) Let x + y = 20 A = 4r2
P
 y  20  x …(i) dA dr
3 3 = 8r
Product = x y = x (20 – x) dt dt
Let f(x) = x3(20 – x)
et
dr
 2 = 8(6)
 20 x 3  x 4 dt
 f (x) = 60x2 – 4x3 dr 1
For maximum or minimum,  
dt 24π
rg
f (x) = 0 4 3
 60 x 2  4 x 3  0
 Volune (V) = r
3
 4 x 2 15  x   0 dV dr 1
 = 4r2 = 4(6)2 
Ta
 x  0, 15 dt dt 24π
d 2z dv
Also, f (x) =  120 x  12 x 2  = 6 cm3/sec
dx 2 dt
f (15) = – 900 < 0 dr
 f(x) is maximum at x = 15. 54. (A) Given, the rate of increasing the radius =
dt
From (i), y = 20 – 15 = 5 = 4 cm/sec
 Product of parts = 15 × 5 = 75
Area = A = r2
51. (D) S = at2 + bt + 6 ...(i) 
dA
 2πr
dr
dS dt dt
 = V = 2at + b
dt dA
 = 2(10)(4) …[ r = 10 cm]
After t = 4 seconds, dt
V = 0 and S = 16 m = 80 cm2/sec
524


x2 y 2 a
55. (D)  1  =3
a2 4 2
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’, we get  a = –6
2 x 2 y dy Since f(3) = 5
  0
a2 4 dx  (3)2 + a(3) + b = 5
dy 4 x  9 – 18 + b = 5 …[ a = –6]
  …(i)
dx a 2 y
 b = 14
Also, y3 = 16x
Differentiating on both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we get 1
dy 58. (D) f(x) = e x

 3y2 = 16 1
 f (x) = e x   2  =
dx 1 1
 
1
dy 16 x
 x2  e x
ns
…(ii)
dx 3 y 2 For f(x) to be strictly increasing, f (x) > 0
Since, the curves intersect orthogonally 1
 4 x  16   1
0
  2  2   1 xe 2 x
 a y  3 y 
io
1
4  16 x  > 0  x  R except x = 0 and
    1 x2
3a 2  y 3  1
e x > 0  x  R.
at
 3a = 4 2 3
…[ y = 16x]
 x  R – {0}
4
a = 2
 f(x) is strictly increasing function for
3
x  R – {0}.
56. (C) Y
lic
59. (A) y = x3 – x2 – x + 5
(–5 cos, 4 sin) (5 cos, 4 sin)
dy
B A  = 3x2 – 2x – 
dx
ub
X Since x = –2 and x = 4 are extreme points.
 dy 
and  
dy
C (–5 cos, –4 sin) D (5 cos, – 4 sin)   0 0
 dx  x 2  dx  x  4
 3(4) – 2(–2) –  = 0 and 3(16) – 2(4) –  = 0
P
x2 y2
 1  4 +  = 12 and 8 +  = 48
25 16
Solving above two equations, we get
Here, a = 5 and b = 4
AB = 10 cos  and BC = 8 sin   = 3,  = 24
et
Area of rectangle ABCD = (10 cos )(8 sin ) 60. (A) Using Shortcut 13, we get
= 40 sin2  Maximum area of the rectangle inscribed in
Area is maximum when sin2 is maximum. x2 y2
rg
2
  1 is 2r sq. units.
 sin 2 = 1 …[ –1  sin x  1] r2 r2
π
= 61. (D) y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + 5 touches X-axis at
4
Ta
(–2, 0)
 AB = 10 cos   = 5 2
π
 0 = –8a + 4b – 2c + 5
4
 8a – 4b + 2c = 5 …(i)
and BC = 8 sin   = 4 2
π Also, it cuts Y-axis at a point Q
4  Put x = 0 in the equation of curve, we get
 Dimensions of rectangle are 5 2 , 4 2 y=5  Q  (0, 5)
57. (B) f(x) = x2 + ax + b y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + 5
dy
 f (x) = 2x + a  = 3ax2 + 2bx + c
dx
For minima, f (x) = 0
a  dy 
 2x + a = 0  x =   3
2  dx Q(0,5)
Also, f (x) = 2 > 0  3a(0)2 + 2b(0) + c = 3
 f has minima at x = 3 c=3
525


Equation (i) becomes, 65. (B) y2 = px3 + q …(i)
8a – 4b + 6 = 5 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
 8a – 4b + 1 = 0 …(ii) 2y. = 3px2
dx
Option (D) satisfies equation (ii)
dy 3p  x 2 
 Option D is correct  =  
dx 2 y
62. (A) x + y = 60  y = 60 – x   
dy 3p 4
=  = 2p
Let f(x) = xy3  dx (2,3) 2 3
= x(60 – x)3 Since the line touches the curve, their slopes
are equal.
 f (x) = 3x (60 – x)2 (–1) + (60 – x)3 (1)
 2p = 4  p = 2
= (60 – x)2 (60 – x – 3x)
ns
Since (2,3) lies on y 2  px3  q.
= (60 – x)2 (60 – 4x)
 9=28+q q=–7
For maxima, f (x) = 0
66. (B) Total length of wire = r + r + r
 (60 – x)2 (60 – 4x) = 0
 20 = 2r + r
io
 x = 60, x = 15 
20  2r r
Also, =
r
f (x) = (60 – x)2 (–4) + (60 – 4x) 2 (60 – x) (–1)
at
1 2
A= r
= –2(60 – x) (120 – 2x + 60 – 4x) 2
= –2(60 – x) (180 – 6x) 1  20  2r 
 = 10r  r
2
= r2 
2  r 
Now,
= –12 (x – 60) (x – 30)
lic dA
 = 10  2r
f (60) = 0 and f  (15) = –12 (–45) (–15) < 0 dr
dA
 f has maximum value when x = 15  y = 45 For maximum area, =0
ub
dr
x  0 = 10  2r  10 = 2r  r = 5 m
63. (B) f(x) =
log x dV
67. (A) = 36 m3/sec, radius (r) = 3 m
log x  1 dt
P
 f (x) = Volume (V) = r2h

 log x 
2
dV dh
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x)  0  = r2
dt dt
et
log x  1 dh
  0  36 =   (3)2
 log x 
2
dt
dh 4
1  = m/sec
log x – 1  0 and > 0  x  (0, ) – {1}
rg
dt π
 log x 
2
log x  1 = log e and x  (0, ) – {1} 68. (C) f(x) = x 1  x

xe and x  (0, ) – {1} = (x + 1 – 1) 1  x
Ta
= [1 – (1 – x)] 1  x
 x  [e, ) 1 3
 f(x) is an increasing function for x  [e, ). f(x) = 1  x  2  1  x  2

1 1
3 1
64. (C) f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 29  f (x) = 1  x  2  1  x  2

2 2
 f (x) = 6x2 – 18x + 12 For maxima, f (x) = 0
Since f(x) is monotonically increasing, 1 1
3 1
1  x  2  1  x  2  0
f (x) > 0 2 2
1
 6x2 – 18x + 12 > 0  3 1 x  0
1 x
 x2 – 3x + 2 > 0
 3(1 – x) – 1 = 0
 (x – 1) (x – 2) > 0 2
x=
 x  (–, 1)  (2, ) 3
526


1 3 1
 (, )    3,  
3
Also, f (x) = 1  x  2  1  x  2 1
4 4  2 
3 1
1  2  |6 + 2| = 6  3  2    = | 19| = 19
3 2 1
 f    =
2 2 2
1    1    2
3 4  3  4 3
3 1
1  1  2 3  1  2 72. (C) f(x) = (x – 1) (x + 2)2
=      0  f (x) = 2(x – 1)(x + 2) + (x + 2)2 = (x + 2) (3x)
4  3 4 3
 By second derivative test, For maxima and minima, f (x) = 0
2  3(x + 2) x = 0
f(x) has local maximum at x =
3
.  x = 0, x = –2
Also, f (x) = 3(x + 2) + 3x = 6x + 6
69. (A) Let r and h be the radius and height of the f (0) = 6(0) + 6 = 6 > 0
ns
cylinder at any time t respectivley.  f has local minimum at x = 0, f(0) = –4
dr
= 2 cm/sec,
dh
= –3 cm/sec, r = 3 cm and f (–2) = 6(–2) + 6 = –6 < 0
dt dt  f has local maximum at x = –2, f(–2) = 0
h = 5 cm
io
Volume (v) = r2h 73. (D) y = x3 + ax – b …(i)
dy

dv
 πr 2
dh
 2πrh 
dr  = 3x2 + a
dt dt dt dx
at
 dy 

dv
= (3)2  (–3) + 2(3)(5)(2)    = 3(1)2 + a = a + 3
dt  1, 5
d x
= –27 + 60 Slope of line y – x + 4 = 0 is 1
 Slope of tangent = –1
= 33 cm3/sec
lic  a + 3 = –1
1
70. (C) f(x) = , x  [1, 3] a = –4
8x Substituting x = 1, y = –5 and a = –4 in the
f (x) = 8 x 
d
ub
equation of curve, we get
dx –5 = (1)3 + (–4) (1) – b
(log8) –5 = 1 – 4 – b
= <0xR
8x b=2
 For every value of x  [1, 3], f(x) is Equation (i) becomes
P
decreasing. y = x3 – 4x – 2
From the given options, only point (2, –2)
71. (C) y =
x
x2  3
, x  R, x   3   satisfies the equation.
et
dy  x  3 1  x  2 x    x  3
2 2 74. (A) Given curve is
   xy + ax + by = 0
 x 2  3  x 2  3
2 2
dx Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
rg
  α 2  3
dy dy
  
dy x +y+a+b =0
 dx dx
 dx  α,β  α  3
2 2
dy
 (x + b) = –(y + a)
1
Ta
dx
Slope of line 2x + 6y – 11 = 0 is .
3 dy  y  a 
=
The tangent is parallel to the above line. dx xb
  α 2  3 1   
d y
=2
   
 dx 1, 1
α  3
2
2 3
 1 + a 
 3(2 + 3) = (2 – 3)2 2=
1+b
 (2)2 – 6(2) + 9 – 3(2) – 9 = 0
 a + 2b = –3 …(i)
 2 (2 – 9) = 0
Since (1, 1) lies on xy + ax + by = 0, we get
 = 0, 3, –3
a + b = –1 …(ii)
  = 3 …[ (, )  (0, 0)] Solving (i), (ii), we get
3 1 a = 1, b = –2
y= =  =
93 2  a – b = 1 – (–2) = 3
527


75. (C) Let f(x) = x3 + x – 1 1 2
Volume of cone = r h
 f (x) = 3x2 + 1 3
 f (x) > 0  x  R 1 h
2
V=    h
 f (x) is increasing 3 2
 for x2 > x1, f(x2) > f(x1) 1
Now, f(0) = –1 and f(1) = 1 V= h3
12
 f(x) = 0 for some x  (0, 1) Differentiating w. r. t. t, we get
 Equation has one real root. dV 1 dh
=    3h2 
3 2
76. (A) f(x) = x + 6x – 36x + 7 dt 12 dt
f (x) = 3x2 + 12x – 36 1 2 dh
5 = h
= 3(x2 + 4x – 12) 4 dt
dh 20
ns
For f(x) to be increasing, =
f (x) > 0 dt h 2
 3(x2 + 4x – 12) > 0 Now, h = 10 …[Given]
 x2 + 4x – 12 > 0 dh 20
 =
  10 
2
 (x + 6) (x – 2) > 0 dt
io
 x  (–, –6)  (2, ) dh
=
1
dt 5
77. (A) S = {x   /x2 + 30 ≤ 11x}
at
1
x2 + 30  11x  Rate of change of water level is m/min.
5
x2 – 11x + 30  0
(x – 5) (x – 6)  0 79. (C) Applying Lagrange’s mean value theorem on
x  [5, 6]
Now, f(x) = 3x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 40
lic interval [0, 2], we get
there exist atleast one ‘c’  (0, 2) such that
f (x) = 9x2 – 36x + 27 f  2  f  0
= f (c)
f (x) = 9(x2 – 4x + 3) 20
ub
= 9[(x2 – 4x + 4) – 1]  f(2) – f(0) = 2f (c)
= 9(x – 2)2 – 9  f(2) = f(0) + 2f (c)
 f (x) > 0  x  [5, 6]  f(2) = –3 + 2f (c)
 f(x) is strictly increasing in the interval [5, 6] Given that f (x)  5 for all x
P
 Maximum value of f(x) when x  [5, 6] is  f(2)  –3 + 10

f(6) = 122  f(2)  7
 Largest possible value of f(2) is 7.
78. (A)
et
80. (C) f(x) = log x

r
1
 f (x) =
x
rg
h By Lagrange’s Mean value theorem,

 f  e   f 1
f (c) =
e 1
1 log e  log1
 =
Ta
Semi-vertical angle = tan 1  

1
c e 1
2 1 1
 =
Let  = tan–1  
1 c e 1
 2 c=e–1
1
tan  = 81. (A) h(x) = (fog)(x)
2
 h(x) = f(x2 – x)
r 1
   h(x) = ex
2 x
– x2 + x
h 2
2 x
r=
h  h(x) = ex (2x – 1) – 2x + 1
2
dV
 h(x) = e x  2x

 1 (2x – 1)
Given, = 5m3/min.
dt For function h(x) to be increasing,
V = Volume of cone h(x)  0
528


 ex
2x

 1 (2x – 1)  0 h – + – + d 2V
dx 2
0
 1 0 1 1
 x  0,   [1, )  V is minimum at  =
1
.
 2 2
3
48 1  x  x2
82. (D) Given, S = 5 + + t3 85. (C) f(x) =
t 1  x  x2
Velocity (V) =
dS
dt
48
= 0 – 2 + 3t2
t  f (x) =
1  x  x   1  2 x   1  x  x  1  2 x 
2 2
 48 1  x  x  2 2
 V = 2 + 3t 2
…(i)
t  1  2 x  x  2 x  x  2 x 
2 2 3
But V = 0 …[Given]
 1  2 x  x  2 x  x  2 x  2 2 3
48
ns
 2 + 3t2 = 0 =
t 1  x  x  2 2
t=2 2  2 x 2
=
1  x  x 
dV 2 2
Now, A =
io
dt
d  48  2  2 x 2
=  2  3t 2  If f (x) = 0, then = 0  x2 = 1
1  x  x2 
2
dt  t 
at
96
= 3 + 6t x=±1
t 1
96  f(x) at x = 1 is
and f(x) at x = –1 is 1.
Acceleration at t = 2 is + 12 = 24
lic 3
8 1
 Minimum value of f(x) is .
83. (B) Surface area, S = 4r2 3
dS dr 86. (C) f(x) = x3 – 3(a – 2) x2 + 3ax + 7
 = 8r
dt dt As f(x) is increasing in (0, 1] and decreasing
ub
dr in [1, 5), we get that f(x) has critical point at
 2 = 8r
dt x=1
 
dr 1
…(i)  f (1) = 0
dt 4r f (x) = 3x2 – 6(a – 2)x + 3a
P
Volume, V =
4 3
r  3(1)2 – 6(a – 2) + 3a = 0
3  a=5
dV 4 dr f  x   14 x3  9 x 2  15 x  7
 =  3r 2   =
et
dt 3 dt  x  1  x  1
2 2
1
= 4r 
2
…[From (i)]  x  1  x  7 
2
4r =
 x  1
2
=r
rg
= 6 cm3/sec =x–7
 The required root is 7.
1  1
84. (C) Volume of parallelopiped = 0 1  87. (D) let f() = a sec  – b tan
Ta
 0 1  f () = a sec tan – b sec2

 V=1+ – 3 = sec(a tan – b sec)
For maxima or minima,  f () = 0  sec  (a tan – b sec) = 0
dV  a tan – b sec = 0
0   
d …  As 0 <  < , sec   0
 3 – 1 = 0
2  2 
1   
=   a sin – b = 0 …  As 0 <   , cos   0
3  2 
2
dV b
Now, = 6  sin =
d 2 a
a b
For  =
1
,  sec = and tan = …(i)
3 a b
2 2
a  b2
2
529


Now, In this case, x  y.
f () = sec  tan  (a tan – b sec) Hence, x  – 3
+ sec (a sec2 – b sec tan)
 x = 3 and y = 3
= a tan  sec – b sec2 tan
2
+ a sec3 – b sec2 tan  Slope of the tangent to the given curve is

dy
= a sec (tan  + sec )
2 2
2y = –4x
= a sec (1 + 2tan2) dx
>0 …[ a is positive and 0 <  <


]  at  
3, 3 ,
dy
dx
= –2
2
b  Equation of the required tangent is
 f() is minimum when sin  = .
a  y  3  = 2  x  3 
 Minimum value of f()
ns
    i.e., 2x + y – 3 3 = 0
a b
= a  – b 2  …[From (i)]
 a b 
2 2
 a b 
2 90. (C) Let f(x) = sin x
a 2  b2  f (x) = cos x
= Here, a = 60 and
io
a 2  b2
o
h = 10 = 
1  1
= a 2  b2  =  0.0175c
 360  360
88. (C) Y = 0.000049c
at
3 1.732
f(a) = sin(60) = = = 0.866
B 2 2
1
13 feet
lic f (a) = cos(60) = = 0.5
2
y  f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + hf (a)
 sin(60 0 10 ≈ 0.866 + 0.000049  0.5
≈ 0.866024
ub
X X
O x A
91. (A) y = 2x2
Y
Note that OAB is a right angled triangle.  Slope of the tangent to this curve is
Let OA = x ft and OB = y ft. dy
P
= m1 = 4x
 y2 = 169 – x2 dx
Now, differentiating above function w.r.t.  at (1, 1), m1 = 4
time ‘t’, we get x = 2y2
et
dy dx  Slope of the tangent to this curve is

2y = –2x …(i)
dt dt dy 1
= m2 =
dx dx 4y
At x = 5, = 3 ft/sec …[Given]
rg
dt 1
Also, at x = 5, y = 12  at (1, 1), m2 =
4
dy
 (i)  2(12) = –2(5)(3) Let  be the angle between two tangents.
dt
Ta
1
5 4

dy m1  m 2 15
=  tan  =  4 =
dx 4 1  m1m 2 1 4
1 8
Negative sign indicates that B is moving 4
downwards.
  = tan 1  
15
5
 B is moving at the rate ft/sec downwards. 8
4
92. (B) According to the given condition,
89. (D) Given curve is y = 9  2 x 2
f (1) = 0 and f (2) = 0
If ordinate and abscissa are equal, we get
f(x) =  log x + x2 + x
y = x.

 Equation of the curve becomes x2 = 9 – 2x2  f (x) = + 2x + 1
x
x=± 3
 f (–1) = 0   + 2 = 1 …(i)
If x = – 3 , then y = 9  2  3 = 3 and f (2) = 0   + 8 = –2 …(ii)
530


 From (i) and (ii), we get 95. (B) 75 cm
1
= and  = 2
2
 2 + 2 = 4 – 1 = 3
y
93. (B) f(x) = sin4x + cos4x 50 50
cm cm
 f (x) = 4sin x cos x – 4cos x sin x
3 3
= 4sinx cos x (sin2x – cos2x)

= –2sin 2x cos 2x 75 cm
= –sin 4x x
Let height and breadth of the sheet be ‘y’ m
 If f(x) is increasing, then f (x) > 0
ns
and ‘x’ m respectively.
i.e., –sin4x > 0   < 4x < 2  xy = 180000 cm2
  180000
 <x<  y=
4 2 x
io
 The area available for printing is
94. (D) A = (y – 150) (x – 100)
Y  180000 
=  150  (x – 100)
at
A  x 
18000000
= 180000 – – 150x – 15000
5m x
y
lic = 165000 – 150x –
18000000
x
 dA 18000000
X  = 0 – 150 +
O x B dx x2
ub
dA 18000000
 = 0  x2 = = 120000
According to the figure, x2 + y2 = 25 …(i) dx 150
Note that cos  =

OB
=
x  x = 200 3 cm
AB 5 180000
y= = 300 3 cm
P
 x = 5 cos 200 3
 (i)  25 cos2 + y2 = 25 d 2 A 36000000
Now, =
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘t’, we get dx 2 x3
et
d2A
d dy  At x = 200 3 cm, <0
–50 cos sin + 2y =0 dx 2
dt dt
 Area is maximum at x = 200 3 cm and
d dy
25sin cos
rg
=y y = 300 3 cm
dt dt
d  y = 3 3 m and x = 2 3 m
 25 sin cos = y(–0.1)
dt 96. (C) 3x2 – y2 = 8
Ta

…  
dy
  10 cm/s =  0.1m/s  dy
 dx  6x – 2y =0
dx
d
 25 sin cos  = – (0.1)y …(ii) dy 3x
dt  =
dx y
4 3
at x = 4, cos = , sin  = and y = 3 3x
5 5  Slope of the tangent to the curve is .
y
3 4 d
 (ii)  25    = – 0.3 y
5 5 dt  Slope of the normal is .
3x
d 1
 = – 0.025 It is parallel to line x + 3y = 10  slope = 
dt 3
i.e., the angle is decreasing at the rate of  y 1
  x=y
0.025 rad/s 3x 3
531


 When x = y, equation of the curve becomes 1
dy 1  3 3
3x2 – x2 = 8 dy dt 2 2t 2  1
  2t
 x2 = 4 100. (C)
dx d x 1
=
t
 x = 2, –2  y = 2, –2 dt 2 t
 (2, 2) and (–2, –2) are the points of contact of 3
the normal and the curve.  dy  2 42  1 16  1 17

   = = =
1  dx  t  4 4 4 4
 Equations are (y – 2) = (x – 2) or
3 1 4
1
 Slope of normal at t = 4 is  –
(y + 2) = (x + 2)  dy  17
3  
 dx  t  4
i.e., x + 3y – 8 = 0 or x + 3y + 8 = 0 101. (C) f(x) = sin x + cos x + 6
97. (A) y2 = 6x …(i)  f (x) = cos x – sin x
ns
dy dy 3 Now, f (c) = 0
 2y =6 =
dx dx y  cos c – sin c = 0
Also, 9x2 + by2 = 16  cos c = sin c
dy dy 9 x  tan c = 1
io
 18x + 2by =0 =  5
dx dx by c= , …[ x  [0, 2]]
4 4
As given curves intersect each other at right
angle, their tangents also intersect at right angles. 33 6
at
102. (B) Slope of tangent = slope of AB = = =2
3 9 x 4 1 3
 = –1 4
y by y= x
x
 by2 = 27x
 (i)  b(6x) = 27x
lic 
dy
dx
=
4
1
x2
9
b= 4
2  2 = 1 2
x
 x2 = 4
ub
98. (B) Let length and breadth of the tank be ‘x’ m
and ‘y’ m respectively. x=±2
Height of the tank is 4m. 4
Volume = 36 m3 When x = 2, y = 2  =0
2
 4xy = 36 4
P
When x = –2, y = 2  = 0
 xy = 9 …(i) 2
 y =
9
…(ii)  The required points are (2, 0) and (–2, 0).
x π x π x
103. (B) y = 2e x sin    cos   
et
 Total area of the tank including sides and base 4 2 4 2 

= xy + 2(4x) + 2(4y)
π 
9 = e x sin   x  …  2sin θ cos θ = sin 2θ 
 f(x) = 9 + 8x + 8   …[From (i) and (ii)] 2 
 
rg
x
= excosx
72
= 9 + 8x + dy
x  = ex (cos x – sin x)
dx
72
 f (x) = 8 – 2 Let T = ex(cos x – sin x)
Ta
x dT
 f (x) = 0  x = 3  = ex (cos x – sin x) + ex (– sin x – cos x)
dx
y=3 = –2ex sin x
 Required cost = 100  (3  3) + 50 dT
Now, =0
 (2  4  3 + 2  4  3) dx
= 900 + 2400  –2ex sin x = 0
= ₹ 3300  sin x = 0
99. (B) f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d  x = 0, , 2 …  0  x  2π 
 f (x) = 3x2 + 2bx + c 0
At x = 0, T = e (cos 0 – sin 0) = 1
Now its discriminant = 4(b2  3c) At x = π, T = e π  cos π – sinπ  = –eπ
 4(b2  c)  8c < 0, as b2 < c and c > 0
At x = 2π, T = e2π  cos 2π – sin 2π  = e 2π
 f (x) > 0 for all x  R
 f is strictly increasing on R.  Slope of the tangent is minimum at x = π.
532


104. (C) Since f(x) satisfies the Rolle’s theorem, 1 1 cos t
Slope of normal = – = – = –
f(1) = f(3) dy tan t sin t
 1+ b + a + 5 = 27 + 9b + 3a + 5 dx
 2a + 8b = –26  Equation of the normal is
 a + 4b = –13 …(i) cos t
y – 2(sin t – t cos t) = –  x – 2  cos t  t sin t  
f(x) = x3 + bx2 + ax + 5 sin t 
 f   x  = 3x2 + 2bx + a  y sin t – 2 sin2t + 2t sin t cos t
Now, f   c  = 0 = –x cos t + 2 cos2t + 2t sin t cos t
 1   x cos t + y sin t = 2(sin2t + cos2t)
 f  2 + = 0
 3  x cos t + y sin t = 2
 1 
2
 1  –2
 Distance from origin =
ns
 3 2  = 2 units
  2b  2  a = 0 cos 2 t + sin 2 t
 3  3
 4 1 2b
 3 4     4b + a=0 107. (A) Let A = (h, 2h)
 3 3 3
io
OA = h 2  4h 2 = 5h
2b +12
 a  4b  +13 = 0 d  OA  dh
3   5
dt dt
at
2b +12
 –13  +13 = 0 … [From (i)] dh
3 2= 5
2b +12 dt
 =0 dh 2
3  
 b = –6
lic dt 5
…(i)
Substituting b = –6 in (i), we get a = 11 h 2h 1

1
 = A(ABC) = 0 3 1
105. (B) xy + ax + by = 0 2
ub
4 0 1
xd y dy 1
 ya+b =0 = (3h + 8h – 12)
dx dx 2

dy
= 
a+y 11h  12
P
dx b+x =
2
 dy  a 1
  = – 
dα 11 dh
= 
 dx 1, 1 b 1 dt 2 dt
et
a 1
2= – =
11 2
 …[From (i)]
b 1 2 5
 a + 2b = –3 …(i) 11
rg
Also, the point (1, 1) lies on the curve = (units)2/sec

5
xy + ax + by = 0.
 1+a+b=0 108. (A) S =  x  R/x 2  30  11x
 a + b = –1
Ta
…(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = 1, b = –2 =  x  R/x 2 – 11x  30  0
 3a + b = 1
=  x  R/  x – 5  x – 6   0
106. (C) x = 2(cos t + t sin t) = {x  R/ x  [5, 6]}
dx
 = 2(–sin t + sin t + t cos t) = 2t cos t f(x) = 3x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 40
dt
 f   x  = 9x2 – 36x + 27
y = 2(sin t – t cos t)
dy = 9(x – 1) (x – 3) > 0 x  5,6
 = 2(cos t – cos t + t sin t) = 2t sin t
dt
 f(x) is increasing in [5, 6].
dy
dy 2t sin t  Maximum value = f(6)
 = dt = = tan t
dx d x 2t cos t = 3(6)3 – 18(6)2 + 27(6) – 40
dt = 122
533


109. (A) f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 2   
b = –2 i  3 j – k
 f   x  = 3x2 – 12x + 9
   
    
For maximum or minimum,  a  b =  3i – 2 j  3k    –2 i  3 j – k 
   
f  x  = 0
= 3(–2) + (–2)(3) + 3(–1)
 3x2 – 12x + 9 = 0 = –15
 3(x – 1) (x – 3) = 0
 x = 1, 3 113. (B) Let P(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Now, f (x) = 6x – 12  P  x  = 2ax + b
 f (1) = –6 < 0  P (x) = 2a
 f(x) is maximum at x = 1. P (2) = 2a
 2 = 2a
110. (C) y2 = px3 + q …..(i)
a=1
ns
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
P  2  = 2a(2) + b
dy
2y. = 3px2
dx  0 = 4a + b
dy 3p  x  2  0 = 4(1) + b
 =  
io
dx 2 y  b = –4
P(2) = a(2)2 + b(2) + c
 dy  3p 4
 –1 = 4a + 2b + c
   =  = 2p
 dx (2,3) 2 3  –1 = 4(1) + 2(–4) + c
at
Slope of the line y = 4x – 5 is 4. c=3
Since the line touches the curve, their slopes  P(x) = x2 – 4x + 3
are equal.  P   x  = 2x – 4
 2p = 4  p = 2
Since (2, 3) lies on y 2  px 3  q.
lic x = 1.001 = 1 + 0.001 = a + h
Here, a = 1, h = 0.001
 9=28+q q=–7 P(a) = P(1) = 1 – 4 + 3 = 0
 p–q=2+7=9 P  a  = P 1 = 2 – 4 = –2
ub
dx D C  P(1.001) = 0 + (0.001)(–2) = –0.002
111. (B) = 0.5 cm/sec
dt 114. (A) x  2  0
x2
 Area = a  – x–2 0
P
2 x
dA 2 x dx dx 1  5– x–2 5
   x  x
dt 2 dt dt 2 A B Maximum value of f(x) is 5.
a
 5 – |x –2| = 5
et
 dA  1 A  400cm 2 
  dt   800 …   |x –2| = 0
  A  400 2  x  800 cm  x=2
 10 2 cm /sec
2
=2
rg
x 1  0
112. (B) f(x) = a  b  c   Minimum value of g(x) is 0.
x –2 3  |x + 1| = 0
Ta
= –2 x –1  x = –1
7 –2 x   = –1
2
= x(x – 2) + 2(–2x + 7) + 3(4 – 7x)  x – 1  x 2 – 5 x  6 
 lim
 f(x) = x3 – 27x + 26 x  – αβ x2 – 6x  8
Now, f   x  = 0
= lim
 x – 1 x – 2  x – 3
 3x2 – 27 = 0 x 2  x – 2  x – 4 
 x2 = 9
= lim
 x – 1 x – 3
 x = 3 x 2 x–4
f (x) = 6x
=
1 –1
 f (x) = 18 > 0 –2
 f(x) has local minimum at x = 3. 1
   =
 a = 3i – 2 j  3k, 2
534

Evaluation Test
1 1
1. (A) h(x) = f(x)  (f(x))2 + (f(x))3 5. (B) f(x) = x +  f (x) = 1
x x2
 h(x) = f (x)  2f(x) f (x) + 3(f(x))2 f (x)
f (x) = 0  x2  1 = 0  x = 1, 1
= f (x) [1  2 f(x) + 3 (f(x))2]
But it is given that x is positive
Here, 1  2 f(x) + 3(f(x))2 > 0 for all f(x) 1
 h(x) > 0, if f (x) > 0 and h(x) < 0, if  at x = 1, f(x) = 1 + =2
1
f (x) < 0
 h is increasing whenever f is increasing 6. (C) The equation of the parabola is y2 = 8x.
and h is decreasing whenever f is decreasing. dy
 2y =8
dx
2. (A) The equation of the curve is y = x2 + bx + c.
ns
dy 8 4
dy  = = = m1
 = 2x + b ….(i) dx 2y y
dx Slope of given line, m2 = 3
Since the curve touches the line y = x at (1,1),
m1  m 2
io
[2x + b](1, 1) = 1 Since tan  = ,
1  m1m 2
 2(1) + b = 1
 b = 1 4
3

at
Substituting the value of b in equation (i), y
tan =
dy 4 1 4 3
we get = 2x  1 y
dx lic
Since gradient is negative, 4  3y
1=
dy y  12
 <0
dx  y = 2 or y = 8
 2x  1 < 0 Putting y = 2 in the equation of the curve,
ub
 2x < 1 1
1
we get x =
x< 2
2 1 
 The point of contact is  ,  2  .
2 
P
1 ds dv
3. (A) s = vt  2s = vt  2 = v + t.
2 dt dt 1
d 2s dv d2v dv 7. (A) f(x) = tan1x  log x
2 2 = + t. 2 + 2
dt dt dt dt
et
1 1 ( x  1) 2
dv  f (x) =  =
But = acceleration (a) 1  x2 2x 2 x(1  x 2 )
dt
da da Now, f (x) = 0  x = 1
 2a = a + t. + a  = 0 or t = 0
rg
1  3.14
dt dt f(1) = tan1 1  log 1 = = = 0.785
But t = 0 is impossible 2 4 4
da Since we are finding maxima on an interval
 = 0, i.e., a is constant.  1 
Ta
dt , 3  , we have to find the value of f(x) at


 3 
4. (C) Let f(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx
 1 
 f(0) = 0 
 3
 and 3  
and f(3) = a.34 + b.33 + c.32 + d.3
= 81a + 27b + 9c + 3d  1  1 1 1  1
f  = tan + log 3 =  log 3
= 3(27a + 9b + 3c + d)  3 3 4 6 4
=30 3.14 1 1
=  log 3 = 0.52 +  1.0986
 f(0) = f(3) = 0 6 4 4
f(x) is a polynomial function, it is continuous = 0.52 + 0.2746 = 0.7946
and differentiable.
Now, f (x) = 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2cx + d
f ( 3) = tan
1
 3   14 log 3
By Rolle’s theorem, there exist at least 1 root  1
=  log3
of the equation f (x) = 0 in between 0 and 3. 3 4
535


3.14 ax3 bx 2
=  0.2746 11. (A) Let f(x) =   cx  d
3 3 2
= 1.04  0.2746  f (x) = ax2 + bx + c
= 0.7654 a b 2a  3b  6c  6d
Now, f(1) = + +c+d=
 1 3 2 6
 The greatest value of f(x) is + log 3.
6 4 0  6d
 f(1) = = d ….[ 2a + 3b + 6c = 0]
6
8. (A) Given the rate of increasing the radius
Also, f(0) = d
dr
= = 3.5cm/sec and r = 10cm  f(0) = f(1)
dt f(x) is a polynomial function, it is continuous
Area of circle = A = r2 and differentiable.

dA
= 2r.
dr  There exists at least one value of x in (0, 1) at
ns
dt dt which f (x) = ax2 + bx + c = 0

dA
= 2  10  3.5 
dA
= 220 cm2/sec  one root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has
dt dt value between 0 and 1.
 12. (A) From the figure, x2 + y2 = 100 ...(i)
io
9. (A)  +  = dx dy
2  2x + 2y = 0 ...(ii)
  dt dt
 cos  = cos     = sin 
at
Y
 2 
From (i) and (ii),
1 B
Let y = cos  cos  = cos  sin  = sin2 dy 16 8
=  =  cm / sec
2
dt 6 3 10 cm

dy 1
d 2
= cos 2.2 = cos 2
lic The rate at which the
end B is moving is
y
A
X
dy  8 O x
Now, = 0  cos 2 = 0  2 = cm / sec.
d 2 3

ub
= 13. (A) f(x) = sin x(1 + cos x)
4 = sin x + sin x cos x
d2 y 1
Also, =  2 sin 2 =  2 < 0  f(x) = sin x + sin 2x
d 2 2
P
 x 3x
 y is maximum when  =  f (x) = cos x + cos 2x = 2 cos cos
4 2 2
 x 3x
 It is maximum at  =  f (x) = 0  cos = 0 or cos = 0
et
4 2 2
x  3x 
10. (A) Let P(x1, y1) be the point on the curve at  = or =
which tangent is drawn. 2 2 2 2

rg
The equation of the curve is xy = c2.  x =  or x =

dy 3
 x + y(1) = 0
dx f (x) =  sin x  2 sin 2x < 0, only when
 dy  y 
Ta
   =  1 x=
3
 dx  ( x1 , y1 ) x1

 The equation of the tangent is  The maximum value of function is at
3
y1
y  y1 =  (x  x1)  3  1 3 3 3 3
x1  f  = 1   =  =
3 2  2 2 2 4
 yx1  x1y1 =  xy1 + x1y1
 xy1 + yx1 = 2x1y1 14. (D) f(x) = sin4x + cos4x
x y = (sin2x + cos2x)2  2 sin2x cos2x
 + =1
2 x1 2 y1 1
 f(x) = 1  sin22x
 The tangent meets the X-axis in the point 2
1
A(2x1, 0) and the Y-axis in the point B(0, 2y1)  f (x) =  (2 sin 2x cos 2x)  2
 P is the mid point of AB 2
 The ratio is 1 : 1 f (x) =  2 sin 2x cos 2x
536


Now, f (x) = 0 Also,
 sin 2x = 0 or cos 2x = 0 f (x) = 2a 2 sec2 x.sec 2 x  tan x.2sec x sec x tan x 

 x = 0 or x =  cosec 2 x ( cosec 2 x ) 
4 2b 2  
  cot x.2cosec x (  cosec x cot x ) 
Since f (x) = 2 sin 2x cos 2x
 f (x) =  sin 4x = 2a 2 sec4 x+ 2sec 2 x tan 2 x 
 f (x) =  4 cos 4x  2b 2 cosec4 x  2cosec 2 x cot 2 x 
For x = 0, f (x) =  4 < 0
  f (x) > 0 for all x.
For x =f (x) = 4 > 0 b
4  f(x) is minimum when tan2x =
a

 At x = , f(x) is minimum  Minimum value of f(x) = a2(1 + tan2 x)
4
ns
+ b2(1 + cot2 x)
1 1 1
 Minimum value of f(x) = 1  (1) = 1  =  b  b
2 2 2 = a2 1   + b2 1  
 a  a  
x  3  27 is a b 2a b
( x 2  3)3  27 2 3
15. (A) 2 is minimum when = a2   b 
io

minimum.  a   b 
(x2  3)3 + 27 = a(a + b) + b(a + b) = (a + b)2
= x6  9x4 + 27x2
at
ax  b ax  b
= x2(x4  9x2 + 27) 18. (C) y = = 2
( x  4)( x  1) x  5x  4
 27 
2
= x2  x 2      0, for all x

9 dy ( x 2  5 x  4)a  (ax  b)(2 x  5)
 =
 2 4 
 Minimum value of (x2  3)3 + 27 is 0.
lic dx ( x 2  5 x  4) 2
For extreme (i.e., maximum or minimum)
 Minimum value of 2( x 3)  27 = 20 = 1
2 3
dy
=0
dx
16. (B) f(x) = 3 cos|x|  6ax + b
ub
= 3 cos x  6ax + b  a(x2  5x + 4)  (ax + b) (2x  5) = 0
Since y has an extreme at P(2, 1),
…[ cos ( x) = cos x]
x = 2 satisfies above equation
 f (x) =  3 sin x  6a a(4  10 + 4)  (2a + b) (1) = 0
P
The function f(x) is increasing for all x  R.   2a + 2a + b = 0

 f (x) > 0 b=0
  3 sin x  6a > 0
x = 2, y = 1 satisfies the equation of the
 6a <  3 sin x
et
curve
1
 a <  sin x a(2)  b
2  1=
4  10  4
1
rg
a<  2a  0
2  1= = a
2
17. (B) Let f(x) = a2sec2x + b2cosec2x a=1
 f (x) = a2.2 sec x sec x tan x  a = 1, b = 0
Ta
+ b2.2 cosec x ( cosec x cot x)

= 2a sec x tan x  2b2 cosec2x cot x
2 2 19. (B) Let f(x) = x tan x
Now, f (x) = 0  f (x) = x sec2 x + tan x
 2a2 sec2 x tan x  2b2 cosec2 x cot x = 0  
 f (x) > 0 for x   0, 
1 sin x 1 cos x 2  
2a2.  = 2b2 2 
2
cos x cos x sin x sin x  
 f(x) is increasing in the interval  0, 
sin x 4
b 2 2  
 = 2
cos 4 x a 
Since 0 <  <  < , f() < f()
b2 2
 tan4x = 2
a   tan  <  tan 
b a  tan 
 tan2x = and cot2x =  <
a b  tan 
537


dy 24. (A) f(x) = x3  12ax2 + 36a2x  4
20. (D) According to the given condition, =0 Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx
 12  3x2 = 0 f (x) = 3x2  12a(2x) + 36a2(1)
x=2 = 3x2  24ax + 36a2
When x = 2, y = 16 Now, f (x) = 0  3x2  24ax + 36a2 = 0
When x = 2, y = 16  x2  8ax + 12a2 = 0
 The required points are (2, 16) and (2, 16).  (x  2a) (x  6a) = 0
 x = 2a or x = 6a
21. (A) The point of intersection of the given curves is Also, f (x) = 6x  24a
(0, 1).
[f (x)]x=2a = 12a  24a =  12a < 0
Now, y = 3x
[f (x)]x=6a = 36a  24a = 12a > 0
dy
  3x log3  Maxima at p = 2a and minima at q = 6a
ns
dx
3p = q2 ….(given)
  dy 
  = log 3 = m1 (say)  3  2a = (6a)2
 dx (0,1)
 6a = 36a2
Also, y = 5x 1
io
dy  a=
  5x log5 6
dx
  dy  25. (A) The functions ex , sin x, cos x are continuous
   log5  m 2 (say)
at
 dx (0,1) and differentiable in their respective domains.
 f(x) is continuous and differentiable
 tan  = m1  m 2 = log3  log5    5 
1  m1m 2 1  log3log5 Also f   = 0 = f  
4  4 
22. (C) Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
lic Now,
 f (x) = 2ax + b f (x) =  ex (sin x  cos x) + ex (cos x + sin x)
since  and  are roots of the equation = ex ( sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x)
ax 2 + b x + c = 0 = 2ex cos x
ub
 f() = f() = 0 Also, f (x) = 0  cos x = 0
 f(x) being a polynomial function in x, it is    5 
 x=  ,
2  4 4 
continuous and differentiable.
 There exists k in (, ) such that f (k) = 0
P
b 26. (B) f(b) = f(2) = 8 – 24a + 10 = 18 – 24a

 2ak + b = 0,  k=
2a f(a) = f(1) = 1 – 6a + 5 = 6 – 6a
But k  [, ] f (x) = 3x2 – 12ax + 5
et
 <k< By Lagrange's mean value theorem,

f (b)  f (a) 18  24a  6  6a
 <
b
< f (x) = =
2a ba 2 1
 f (x) = 12 – 18a
rg
23. (B) f(x) = tan1 (sin x + cos x)  3x2 12ax + 5 = 12 – 18a

 f (x) = 1
 (cos x  sin x) At x =
7
,
1  (sin x  cos x)2 4
Ta
   49  7
2 cos  x   3   – 12a   + 5 = 12 – 18a
=  4  16  4
1  (sin x  cos x ) 2 147 35 35
 3a = – 7  3a = a=
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0 16 16 48
 
 2 cos  x   > 0 x
 4 27. (C) f(x) =
sin x
 cos  x    > 0 sin x  x cos x cos x(tan x  x)
 
4  f (x) = 
sin 2 x sin 2 x
   3   f (x) > 0 for 0 < x  1
 <x+ <   <x<
2 4 2 4 4   f(x) is an increasing function.
 f(x) is an increasing function in    ,   . Now, g(x) =
x
 2 4 tan x
538


tan x  x sec 2 x
 g(x) = D C
tan 2 x
sin x cos x  x
= O
sin 2 x R
sin 2 x  2 x 
=
2sin 2 x A B
r
 g (x) < 0 for 0 < x  1.
 h2 = 4(R2 – r2)
 g(x) is a decreasing function.
Now, V = r2 h = 2r2 R 2  r 2
28. (A) ay2 = x3 ….(i) dV (2r)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  = 4r R 2  r 2 +2r2.
dr 2 R 2  r2
dy
2ay = 3x2
ns
dV
dx For max. or min., =0
dr
dy 3x 2 2r 3
 =  4r R 2  r 2 =  2(R2– r2) = r2
dx 2ay
R r
2 2
io
2ay
 slope of the normal =  2  2R2 = 3r2  r =
2 d 2V
R  2 .= –ve
3x 3 dr
Since the normal to the given curve makes
2
 V is max., when r =
at
equal intercepts with the axis. R.
3
2ay
  = 1
3x 2
3x 2
y=
2a
lic
3x 2
Substituting y = in (i) and solving, we get
2a
ub
 4a 8a 
the point  ,  .
 9 27 
2 3 1 2
29. (A) y = x  x ....(i)
3 2
P
dy
 = 2x2 + x
dx
Since the tangent makes equal angles with the axis,
et
dy
= 1
dx
 2x2 + x = 1
rg
 2x2 + x = 1 (taking +ve sign)

 2x + x  1 = 0
2
 (2x  1) (x + 1) = 0
Ta
1
x= , 1
2
From (i),
1 2 1 1 1 5
when x = ,y=    =
2 3 8 2 4 24
2 1 1
and when x = 1, y = (1) + 1 = 
3 2 6
1 5   1
 The required points are  ,  and  1,   .
 2 24   6
30. (B) Let r be the radius and h be the height, then

2
from the figure, r2 +   = R2

h
2  
539

19 XII-M2-02 Applications of Derivatives - Solution - 64dcccc81d5b5

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Chapter

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

5. (B) Using LMVT,

2.5 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

1  a > 0 for all real x.

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

 4x3  4  0  x3  1  f (x) = 6x2  6x  36

 x2  x  2 > 0  f  (x) = 12x – 30 is –ve at x = 2

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

lic Critical Thinking

dx According to the given condition, 3x2 = y

5. (D) y = x log x ….(i)

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

13. (A) y = ax3 + bx + 4

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

 Centre of circle 0 = (0, 0), radius = 13 units

 = 6 cos2 sin  and = 9 sin2 cos 

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

As the normal is of the form ax  5y + b = 0, b

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 25. (C) y = e2x

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

 distance between origin and normal

 dy  dy y  sin 2 x  option (D) is the correct answer.

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

  dy  =  y1  tan  = m1  m 2 = loga  log b

 equation of the tangent at (x1, y1) is

Here, m1 m2 = 1 38. (A) y = e x

 The angle of intersection is . 

dy Since both tangents have equal slopes, the

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

≈ 0.8573  f (x) = 2e–2x (cos2x – sin 2x)

 tan (a) + h sec2 a f(1) = f(3)

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

3  f (x) = x (3x  10) + x 2 (3)

15. (A) Consider option (A), x2

applicable. log x e log e e

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

19. (A) f(x) = x 

3  f(x) is decreasing for x < 0 and increasing

20. (B) f(x) will be monotonically decreasing,

22. (B) f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x For f(x) to be increasing, f (x)  0

For n = 0, < x <

  3  28. (A) f(x) = log(sin x + cos x)

 f (x) = ex  ex (x + 2) = ex (x + 1) For f(x) to be increasing,

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

2.6 Maxima and Minima

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

 absolute minimum occurs at x =

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

For maximum or minimum,

Chapter 2: Applications of Derivatives

For maximum or minimum of f(x), Let OAB be a given sector of a circle of a

MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Solutions)

Then, each side of base of the box is 3

= 4(36 + x2  12x)x Height of Cone y 2