Mathematics 9 Quarter 3

Module 4: Solving Problems Involving Parallelograms, Trapezoids and Kites

Lesson
Parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
Theorems on Parallelogram:
1. Two pairs of opposite sides are congruent. 4. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
2. Two pairs of opposite angles are congruent. 5. A diagonal of a parallelogram forms two congruent
3. Any two consecutive angles are supplementary. triangles.
Example 1:
Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram. Given: AB= 3x + 3 and CD = x + 13, BC= 2y + 5 and AD= y + 15. Find for
the values of x and y. Find for measure of line segments AB and CD , BC and AD .
Theorem: AB and CD , BC and AD are two pairs of opposite sides of parallelogram ABCD which are
congruent: m ≅ m and m ≅ m
To find for x: (equate) To find for m : (substitute x=5 ) To find for : (substitute)
m ≅m m = 3x + 3 m = x + 13
3x + 3 = x + 13 m = 3(5) + 3 m = 5 + 13
3x - x = 13 - 3 m = 15 + 3 m = 18
2x = 10 m = 18
2 x 10 m ≅m
= x=5
2 2
To find for y: (equate) To find for m : (substitute) To find for: (substitute)
m ≅ m m = y + 15 m = 10 + 15
2y + 5 = y + 15 m = 2(10) + 5 m = 25
2y - y = 15 – 5 m = 20 + 5
y = 10 m = 25 m ≅m
Example 2: B C
Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram. Given:m ∠ A=2 x – 6∧m∠ C=82 °
Find for the value of x. Find for the measures of A, B and D.
Theorems: A and C, B and D are two pairs of opposite angles of parallelogram
ABCD which are congruent: m ∠ A ≅ m∠ C and m ∠ B ≅ m∠ D .
∠ A∧∠ B , ∠ B∧∠ C ,∠ C∧∠ D , ∠ D∧∠ A are pairs of consecutive angles of
parallelogram ABCD which are supplementary:m ∠ A +m∠ B=180° . A D
m ∠ B+ m∠ C=180 ° m ∠ C+m ∠ D=180 ° m ∠ D+ m∠ A=180 ° .
To find for x: (equate) To find for m ∠ A (substitute) To find for m ∠ B∧m∠ D : (substitute)
m A ≅ mC m ∠ A=2 x−6 m ∠ A +m∠ B=180
2 x – 6=82 m ∠ A=2 ( 44 )−6 82 ° +m∠ B=180 °
2 x=82+6 m ∠ A=88−6 m ∠ B=180 °−82 °
2 x=88 m ∠ A=82 ° m ∠ B=98 °
2 x 88 m ∠ A ≅ m∠ C m∠ B ≅ m∠ D
=
2 2 m ∠ C=82° m∠ D=98 °
x=44

Example 3: Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

Given: AE=2 x – 6∧EC =x +2.
Find for the value of x. Find for measure of line segments, AE , EC ∧ AC .
Theorem: Diagonals of a parallelogram bisects each other, then it follows that line segment
AE=EC
To find for x: (equate) To find for : (substitute) To find for : (substitute) To find for : (add and substitute)
AE=EC AC = AE+ EC
2x - 6 = x + 2 AE= 2x - 6 EC = x + 2 AC = 10 + 10
2x – x = 2 + 6 AE= 2 (8) – 6 =8+2 AC = 20
x=8 AE= 16 – 6 AE= 10 EC = 10
What’s More
Directions: Solve each problem completely and accurately.

Quadrilateral CARE is a parallelogram.

C A
E R
1. Given: CA = x + 7 and ℜ = 3x - 5, CE = 2y – 7 and AR = y + 3
a. What are the values of x and y?
b. How long are CA and ℜ, CE and AR ?
c. What is the perimeter of parallelogram CARE?
2. Given: m∠C = (2a + 25) ⁰, m ∠R = (3a - 15) ⁰
a. What is the value of a?
b. What is the m∠C, m∠A, m∠R and m∠E?

B. Quadrilateral HERO is a parallelogram.

H E
3. Given: OZ = 4a – 5, EZ = 3a + 5
Z a. What is the value of a?
b. How long are OZ , EZ , and OE ?

O R

Lesson 2: Solving Problems Involving Trapezoids

Isosceles Trapezoid is a trapezoid whose non-parallel opposite sides are congruent.
Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid:
1. The base angles of Isosceles Trapezoid are congruent.
2. Opposite angles of an Isosceles Trapezoid are supplementary.
3. The diagonals of an Isosceles Trapezoid are congruent.
4. The median of a trapezoid is parallel to each base and its length is one half the sum of the length of the base.

Example 1: M A
Quadrilateral MATH is an isosceles trapezoid.
Given: mM = (3x+5)° and m T = (x + 15)°
Find x, mM, mA, mT and mH.
Theorem: M and T are opposite angles then, they are supplementary: mM + mT =
180°
H and A are opposite angles then, they are supplementary: mH + mA = H T
180°
M and A are base angles then, they are congruent: mM ≅ mA
H and T are base angles then they are congruent: mH ≅ mT
To find for x: (add and substitute) To find for mM, mA: (substitute) To find for m ∠ T , m∠ H :
m ∠ M + m∠ T =180 ° m ∠ M =(3 x +5)° (substitute)
( 3 x+ 5 ) ° + ( x +15 ) °=180 ° m ∠ M =3(40°)+5 m ∠ T=(x +15)°
4 x+ 20° =180° m ∠ M =120 °+5 m ∠ T=40 °+15
4 x+ 20° −20° =180 °−20 ° m ∠ M =125 ° m ∠ T=55°
4 x=160 ° m ∠T ≅ mH (equate)
m ∠ M ≅ (equate) m ∠ T=55°
4 x 160° m ∠ M =125 ° m ∠ H=55°
=
4 4 m ∠ A=125 °

x=40°

Example 2:
Quadrilateral MATH is an isosceles trapezoid with bases MA and HT , LV M A
is the median(midline).
L V
 Given: MA=3 y −2, HT =2 y + 4 , LV =8.5 cm
Find for y, measures of MA and HT .
Theorem: The median of a trapezoid is parallel to each base and its length is one half the sum of the lengths of the
bases.

To find for y: (substitute) To find for MA (substitute) To find for HT : (substitute)

LV =MA + HT MA=3 y – 2 HT =2 y + 4
(3 y−2)+(2 y + 4) MA=3 (3)– 2 HT =2(3)+ 4
8.5=
2 MA=9 – 2 HT =6+ 4
17=5 y+ 2 MA=7 cm HT =10 cm
5 y=17−2
5 y 15
=
5 5
y=3 cm

What’s More O S

Directions: Solve each problem completely and accurately.

Quadrilateral POST is an isosceles trapezoid with OS ll PT . ER is the median. E R
1. If m∠P = 2x + 5 and m∠S = 3x - 10, find x, m∠P, m∠O, m∠S and m∠T.
2. If OS = 3x - 2, PT = 2x + 10 and ER = 14, find x and how long is OS and PT ? P T

Lesson 3: Solving Problems Involving Kites

Kite is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent, congruent sides.
Theorems on Kite:
1. In a kite, the perpendicular bisector of at least one diagonal is the other diagonal. P
2.The area of a kite is half the product of the lengths of its diagonals.

Example:
L Y
Quadrilateral PLAY is a kite. Given: = 12cm and = 6cm Find the Area of kite PLAY.
Solution:
(1 st Diagonal )(2 nd Diagonal ) (12 cm)(6 cm)
Areaof kite PLAY = =
2 2
2
72 cm
Areaof kite PLAY = =36 cm2
2 A

What’s More I
Directions: Solve each problem completely and accurately.

Quadrilateral LIKE is a kite with LK and IE as the diagonals.

L K
1. Find the area of kite LIKE having line segments LK =11cm and IE = 18cm.
2. LK = (x - 1) ft and IE = (x + 2) ft. If its area is 44ft2, how long are LK and IE ?

E
Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the correct answer and write the letter of your
choice on the answer sheet provided.
Given: HOPE is a parallelogram.

For nos. 1-2. If measure of ∠O = (x + 25)° and measure of ∠E= (2x +10)°, H O
1. What is the measure of ∠O?
a. 80° b. 70° c. 60° d.40°
2. What is the measure of ∠H?
a. 140° b. 120° c. 110° d.100°

For nos. 3-5. If measure of HE = 2y + 2 and OP = y + 6, E P

3. What is the measure of HE ?
a. 25 b.15 c.10 d.4
If measure of HO = y + 10 and EP = 2y - 5,
4. What is the measure of HO ?
a. 25 b.15 c.10 d.4
5. What is the perimeter of parallelogram HOPE?
a. 250 b.100 c.70 d. 50

U S
Given: JUST is an isosceles trapezoid.
XY is the median.
X Y

J T
For nos. 6-8. If measure of ∠J = (2x + 36)° and measure of ∠S = (3x +14)°,
6. What is the measure of ∠J?
a. 92° b. 88° c. 78° d.26°
7. What is the measure of ∠U?
a. 92° b. 88° c. 78° d.26° O
8. If US = 19 and JT = 21, what is the measure of XY ?
a. 30 b.20 c.10 d.5

L V

Given: LOVE is a kite.

9. ¿ is twice LO . If its perimeter is 24cm, how long is ¿?

a.10cm b.8cm c.6cm d.4cm
E
10. Find the length of a diagonal of a kite whose area is 176sq.cm and the other diagonal is 16cm long.
a. 28cm b. 26cm c. 24cm d.22cm