Rocks Guided Notes (Igneous)

ROCKS
- Naturally formed, consolidated material composed of the grains of one or more
_____________
- Three Types of Rocks:
1.

2.

3.

IGNEOUS ROCKS

- Form from the cooling of ___________________ or ____________________

o Magma:

o Lava:

TYPES (ORIGINS) OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

1. ____________________________________: formed from

___________________ cooling

- Cools _________________ the Earth

- __________________crystals,

__________________-__________________

A. Phaneritic texture

- Cools ____________________.

2. ____________________________________: formed from

___________________ cooling

- Cools on the _______________________.

- __________________crystals,

__________________-__________________

B. Aphanitic texture
 - Cools ____________________.

OTHER IGNEOUS TEXTURES

C. _________________________ Texture

- Minerals form at different temperatures

- ____________________ crystals are embedded in a matrix of

____________________ crystals

D. __________________________ Texture

- Very _______________ cooling of lava

- Ex. ________________________

E. __________________________ Texture

- Composed of __________________________ ejected during a

____________________ _________________________

▪ _______________________: ash-sized fragments

▪ ______________________ __________________: particles

larger than ash

F. __________________________ Texture

- Volcanic rock having many _____________________ (vesicles) at the surface

and inside.

IGNEOUS COMPOSITIONS

- Igneous rocks are composed primarily of _________________ (SiO2) minerals

• ________________________ (or ferromagnesian) silicates

• Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite mica

• ________________________(or nonferromagnesian) silicates

• Quartz, muscovite mica, and feldspars
TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS

1. _______________________ composition

- ____________________ _______________________silicates

- Termed felsic (feldspar and silica) in composition

- ____________________ amounts of silica (SiO2)

- Major constituent of ___________________________

__________________

2. _______________________ composition

- ______________ and ______________ in color.

- Termed mafic (magnesium and ferrum, for iron) in composition

- Comprise the __________________ ________________ and many volcanic

islands

3. ________________ composition

- Contain _______________________ or more dark silicate minerals

4. ____________________________ composition

- ________________ composition that is high in___________________ and

____________

- Composed entirely of ferromagnesian silicates

 ROCK TYPES
Using your notes, finish filling out the chart below

Igneous Rock Classification

Composition

Minerals High in Mixtures of Rich in olivine,

Magnesium felsic and silica and pyroxene
and Iron mafic aluminum but very
minerals little silica

Type _______ Intermediate _______ Ultramafic

Textures Extrusive Glassy Obsidian

(volcanic)
Picture Example

Aphanitic Rhyolite Andesite Basalt X

Picture Example Picture Example Picture Example

Intrusive Phaneritic _______ ________ Gabbro _______

(plutonic)
Picture Example Picture Example Picture Example Picture Example

Pegmatitic Pegmatite X X X

Compare Low temperature crystallization High temperature crystallization

mafic and Low in metal cations High in metal cations
felsic _______ silica _______ silica
More covalent More ionic
High weathering stability Low weathering stability
_______ color ______ _color