2. 13600 kg/h of water will be heated from 40 to 55 ºC in a shell-and-tube exchanger.

To the 1
pass shell enters 6800 kg/h of water at 95 ºC The overall heat transfer coefficient is Ui=1400
W/m2·ºC. The average rate of water in the tubes (internal diameter ¾”) is 0.36 m/s. Due to space
limitations, the exchanger cannot be longer than 2.43 m (8 ft). According to this restriction,
calculate the number of tube passes, the number of tubes, and the length of these tubes.
Energy balance:
Fluid Water hot Water cold
shell tubes q = m(c)*cp(c)*(Tc,out‐Tc,in)
Tin 95 40 q = 3.78kg/s *4180J/kg.K *(55‐40)K = 236.87 kW
Tout 65 55 Th,out = Th,in – q/[m(h)*cp(h)]
m 6800 kg/h 13600 kg/h Th,out =95‐236.87e3/(1.89*4180) = 65ºC
(kg/s) 1.89 kg/s 3.78 kg/s Th,av=(95+65)/2=80ºC ‐> cp(h) = 4199 J/kg.K
Tav 47.5ºC Th,out recalc = 65 ºC

Th,in
LMTD(counter) = (95‐55)‐(65‐40)/ln(95‐55)/(65‐40))
LMTD(counter) = 31.97K
Tc,out Th,out

Shell & Tubes ‐> correction factor F

Tc,in
T1
T2
 RESTRICTIONS:
1.- The average rate of water in the tubes (internal diameter ¾”) is 0.36 m/s.
2.- Due to space limitations, the exchanger cannot be longer than 2.43 m (8 ft).

Ai  Nt / p ·Np ··Di ·L
1.‐ Across = m(c)/(*u) = 3.78kg/s/(989kg/m3*0.36m/s) = 0.0106m2
Nt/p = Across(total)/Across(1tube) = 37.2 tubes/pass
Across,1tube=Pi*D^2/4
2.‐ L < 2.43m

How many passes in the tubes, Np?

1 pass in shell
Let’s consider Np = 2
2 pass in tubes
 Fluid Water hot Water cold
shell tubes
Tin 95 40
Tout 65 55
m 6800 kg/h 13600 kg/h
(kg/s) 1.89 kg/s 3.78 kg/s
Tav 80 ºC 47.5ºC

R = (95‐65)/(55‐40) = 2
P = (55‐40)/(95‐40) = 0.273
 1  S  
R 2

 1 ln  
 1  R S  
F  = 0.920
 
 2  S  R  1   R 2

 1 



R  1  l n  
 2  S R  1 
  R 2

 1 




q = Ui*Ai*TLM*F‐> Ai = q/(Ui*LMTD*F) = 5.75m2

Ai  Nt / p ·N p ··Di ·L L = 5.75m2/(37*2**0.019m) = 1.30m <2.43m

 Alternative: Effectiveness‐NTU method

Fluid Water hot Water cold Energy balance:

shell tubes
q = m(c)*cp(c)*(Tc,out‐Tc,in)
Tin 95 40 q = 3.78kg/s *4180J/kg.K *(55‐40)K = 236.87 kW
Tout 55
m 6800 kg/h 13600 kg/h Th,out = Th,in – q/[m(h)*cp(h)]
(kg/s) 1.89 kg/s 3.78 kg/s Th,out =95‐236.87e3/(1.89*4180) = 65ºC
Th,av=(95+65)/2=80ºC ‐> cp(h) = 4199 J/kg.K
Tav 47.5ºC Th,out recalc = 65 ºC

Chot = mh*cp,h = 7923.9 W/K Cmin  = q/(Cmin*Tmax) = 0.544

Ccold = mc*cp,c = 15791.1 W/K
= 1.95
Tmax = 95‐40 = 55 K
= 1.015
Cr=Cmin/Cmax=7923.9/15791.1=0.5
UA
NTU  Ai = 5.74 m2
C min
 1 pass in shell
How many passes in the tubes, Np? Let’s consider Np=1
1 pass in tubes
q = U*A*TLM*F
Assuming pure counterflow… F = 1

Ai = 236.87e6W/(1400W/m2.K *31.97K *1) = 5.38m2

Ai  Nt / p ·N p ··Di ·L

L = 5.38m2/(37*1**0.019m) = 2.39 m