1.

Bank Tubes (gas): Atmospheric air at 18 deg Celsius (and negligible moisture content) is to be heated to 26 deg Celsius at a rate of 2.4 kg/s. Steam at
114 kPa condensing inside vertical tubes, is to be used as the heating medium. The air flow is to be normal to the axes of the tubes. The bank of tubes
is to consist of 3 rows in direction of flow, using a staggered arrangement with the center of the tubes spaced on equilateral triangles whose sides are
equal to two tube diameters. If plain-1 inch OD 18 gage copper tubes having an effective length of 1.2 m are used, determine the number of tubes to be
used, assuming an equal number of tubes in each row.
1
―
2
3
T1 ≔ 18 T2 ≔ 26 PS ≔ 114 tS ≔ 103.3 W ≔ 2.4 N≔3 Do ≔ 0.0254 L ≔ 1.2 ST ≔ 2 ⋅ Do SL ≔ ―― ⋅ ST = 0.044
2
Assume Nx perpendicular to flow Nx ≔ 4 Smin ≔ ⎛⎝ST − Do⎞⎠ ⋅ L ⋅ ⎛⎝Nx − 1⎞⎠ = 0.091
T1 + T2 W
――― + tS ―
2 P⋅M ρf
Tf ≔ ――――= 62.65 P≔1 R ≔ .08205 M ≔ 29 ρf ≔ ――――― = 1.053 Vinf ≔ ―― = 24.925
2 R ⋅ ⎛⎝Tf + 273⎞⎠ Smin

−5 SL
Cp ≔ 1001.5 μ ≔ 2.019 ⋅ 10 K ≔ .02862 Vave ≔ Vinf ⋅ ―――― = 35.544
π
ST − ―⋅ Do
4
Do ⋅ Vave ⋅ ρf 4 Cp ⋅ μ
Re ≔ ―――― = 4.709 ⋅ 10 Pr ≔ ―― = 0.707
μ K SL SL
PL ≔ ―― = 1.732 PT ≔ ―― = 1.732
Do Do
⎛ 4⎞
―
5
⎜ 1 1 ⎛ 5⎞ ⎟
― ― ― 2
⎜ 2 3
⎜ 8 ⎟ Φ ≔ 1 + ――= 1.385
K ⎜ 0.62 ⋅ Re ⋅ Pr ⎛ Re ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ 3 ⋅ PL
ho ≔ ――⋅ 0.3 + ――――― ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜――― ⎟ = 148.929
Do ⎜ 1
― ⎝ ⎝ 282000 ⎟⎠ ⎠ ⎟
4
⎜ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎟ 1 + (N − 1) ⋅ Φ
― hocorrected ≔ ――――― ⋅ ho = 187.144
⎜ ⎜ 3 ⎟ N
⎛ 0.4 ⎞ ⎟
⎜ ⎜1 + ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎝ Pr ⎟⎠ ⎠ ⎠

Check Nx
Assumed Nx ≔ 4
⎛⎝tS − T1⎞⎠ − ⎛⎝tS − T2⎞⎠
W ⋅ Cp ⋅ ⎛⎝T2 − T1⎞⎠ ＝ hocorrected ⋅ π ⋅ Do ⋅ L ⋅ Nx ⋅ N ⋅ ――――――
⎛ tS − T1 ⎞
ln ⎜――― ⎟
⎝ tS − T2 ⎠
Nx ≔ find ⎛⎝Nx⎞⎠ = 4.403