Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University:

Mechatronics Engineering
2nd year - Electrical program
Engineering Dr. Mohamed Atia

Chapter 1
Gas power cycles

Part 4:

 Dual cycle

 Solved Examples

Required Reports:

 Report 5
 Report 6

Dr. Mohamed Atia

Zagazig University
 Dual cycle

in
Pc
4 s
Pc

SC

2 2

VC

oud S=C
1 od
S VeC

23 in 4V-C
Finm C (T3 -12)

3 4 in PC
tin m Ce Te -Ts

5-1 4. 4 V C

m Cy Ts -T)
 fotal ian)
2
+

3-4

PinT CyC1.2)-+ mCp (T-T)

Wad rin

Wnet
OuaL, th in T

CaPre ssion ratio y= Vmas

Vma V
Vmin

cutoff ectio te V
Vs
rtio =
Pressure

efPective Phessure
= Pm Wnd
mean
Vna Ymin
Pa Wnet
V-V
 Wnet
Oual, th

TinT T
in

C(T-T)
C, (T3.T) +mCp(T4-1)

T5-T
(T-Ta+1 ( T4Ts)
-2 S C
-1 -1
- - ()
-
Ta -T

2-3 V C

-* = Pre ssute tio

T T d.T, ty
 3-4
P-Cc
- Catoff rio
V3
-
T4 e. Ts T

4-5 S C
-1
T5
,Vs
V2 Vs
- 6-
-

T4 V3
-1

-V-
V3

V2
Tse .1 1+

-
T .T

TT
D,th
(Ts-T2)+ 1(T+-Ts)

=
-
( )1(rK

I- -
-1
(-1) +8. y.a.(Te -1)

(-1)+ (re -1)

Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University:
Mechatronics Engineering
2nd year - Electrical program
Engineering Dr. Mohamed Atia
Chapter 1: Gas power cycles
(Solved Examples)

Dual cycle (Solved Examples)

Report 5:
1- Draw the [P-V & T-S] diagram for the Dual cycle and then deduce the cycle
thermal efficiency as a function of compression ratio (rv), cut-off ratio (rc),
pressure ratio (∝), and specific heat ratio (k).
Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University:
2nd year - Electrical
Mechatronics Engineering
Engineering program Dr. Mohamed Atia
Chapter 1: Gas power cycles
(Solved Examples)

2- An air-standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 14 and a cutoff ratio of

1.2. The pressure ratio during the constant-volume heat addition process is 1.5.
This cycle is operated at 80 kPa and 𝟐𝟎 𝒐 𝐂 at the beginning of the compression.
Use constant specific heats at room temperature.
Determine:
 The pressure, temperature and specific volume for each point in the cycle.
 The thermal efficiency, amount of heat added, amount of heat rejected,
the cycle’s net specific work, the maximum gas pressure and temperature.
 3,
TS

P
( 8 ka)
(T 2 9 3 k

=14
2
= 5

Point O -RT
Rv, = m RT
=\.o5 135 "/r
213
l*
=
2 87 *

8
511345
4

B2 =o.ot5o8125

Point -I

4-1 -1
.4
= 14

213
T 2 -842.13 o735
3218616.524 Pa
fa
 cheek for a

RT
= 287 - 812- ol3 435
r.o75o8|25

= 3218616.52A
Pa

Point

= 5

fa
> G =4827124.F1
3218616.S27

oR
2-3 VC P RT
4 1 8 2 4 1 2 4 . 7 1 4 o o 7 S o8 | z S =

Pa 287 T

T T = 1 2 6 3 . o 1 9 6 1 k

=5 842.o130435

T 1263.o1961 k

foint
2 m
= = 0.a9o0975

2 o o750 8125
 482 7124.41 Pa
s=
3-4 P-C

4
-RT4

T4 e T4
= l.2 *1263.o19
61

T = 1515.623532 k

foint

-
Ts -1

5134S
IS15.623532482492179)
909t5
Ts
T-567.211 7913
R
Ps=I54894.141 Pa
ft=RT

s * l o S I 1 3 52 8 7 *S 6 4 . 2 9 1 9 1 3

Ps 15484-141 Pa
Pa
 mex

* Imax =
=Pa =

TinT
min

TrC,CT-T)+ c,T-)
842.ol3o435) +
-

=
F18+(263.ol96I
loo5(1Si5.623532 1263.o1961)

=556128.9to3

CCTs -T)
l ou
213)
S64.291 4913
-

=
18(

196944.2502 d/Fg-
= =

1969442 So2 o.6458604439

S S612 &17 8
rin
Wnt
Oir
K
chak for 7:
Dua
[-)*<(Te-"))
115
(1.52 )-1
1)-64.5(11-1
-1
14 5

=o64590S7982
Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University:
2nd year - Electrical
Mechatronics Engineering
Engineering program Dr. Mohamed Atia
Chapter 1: Gas power cycles
(Solved Examples)

3- The compression ratio of an ideal dual cycle is 14. Air is at 100 kPa and 300
K at the beginning of the compression process and at 2200 K at the end of the
heat-addition process. Heat transfer to air takes place partly at constant volume
and partly at constant pressure, and it amounts to 1220.4 kJ/kg. Assuming
constant specific heats for air, determine:
 The pressure, temperature and specific volume for each point in the cycle.
 The fraction of heat transferred at constant volume and at constant pressure.
 The thermal efficiency, amount of specific heat added, the maximum gas
pressure and temperature.
 The cycle’s net specific work.
 The cutoff ratio, the pressure ratio during constant volume heat addition
process.
 = 1220.4 Ko
(ret
(T422o k

T SEe
P2 (P=loo fa)
=3oo k)

y =14

RV, = m R
ointO
R=R T
28t 3o
l00xo t =

Point -
-

T
4. 4- 4-1
1 4 8 6 |

=14
ooxlo
3o
T2 862.1294268 K m
K
-o0615
40232 7o.658 fa

P-RT 862-1
94268
= 287+
20.o61S
-402324o.658 fa

Point 2-3 V C
 3
- 122o.4 + lo

2-3 3-4
3

c,T-T)+CeC4-1,)
=
122o4 l
- C , T , +GT -¢T, -1224
3
-G)
-

T+GT -122.4l0
12241o +C,T,
-

GT4
T
C Ce
2200
3
(862.1294266-looS
F18
22 4
FH8 loo5

T =1294.7424 k

5-RT
F424I
287*
1294.
=

3 *o o6IS
= 6o42131.244 fa
1214-14z4
862.1294268 4 &324o. 658
664213|.246 Pa

Poit 3-4 P=c

= 284 *22oo
6042131-244+

S o .Jo44??55a6

m
22eo
6l5
=o.lo44995506 E
1294-4241
Point
K-1

14-1
14-
o.361

22e (642131.246 olo449955 6

Ts fs

s = 4 6 . 3 8 3 5 6 4 3

s =315461.188
Pa

-RT
= 2s4* ?46 3835643
Is* o 6 1
315461-1881 Pa
fa

CcT,-T.)
= F18+(1294.4424|- 862.1294268)

3l0616.1219

o - TT)
l o 5 + 2 2 o e - |294.14241)

= 901783.843 /Pa-

V=c
rat io
at
fractin of het
The
3lo616.1219
-xloo = 25.45199 294
122o.4 xlos
h e fracion of ha Pc
Tin
3

91483 87
122o.4x1b3

74.54&oo 75

418 +I46.3z35643 .)

4641o 1o3.3992 e

122-4xle- 4 64|o3.3192

We - 756296. 6oa8

o.6117|20623

7 in
-1-
+ -14
1.50119586
=
2131.246
6,4
4 o 2 3 2 t . 6 S 8

o.lo449455o6 =6991H74

O.6155

Co-1) + k«(Ye-)
 4
1.5o115864 * 1.6991|70t
14-)
14 s-495e67-1)-4i5A1586).(1.091a7-

619768896
( = o
Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University:
2nd year - Electrical
Mechatronics Engineering
Engineering program Dr. Mohamed Atia
Chapter 1: Gas power cycles
(Solved Examples)
Report 6:
4- An ideal dual cycle has a compression ratio of 15. The state of the air at the
beginning of the compression is 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂 and 𝑻 = 𝟐𝟒 ℃. Heat transfer to
air takes place partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure, and it
amounts to 1500 kJ/kg. The maximum gas pressure is 7.5 MPa.
𝛼𝑟𝑐𝑘 −1
Do not use this relation: 𝜂 = 1 −
𝑟𝑣𝑘−1 [(𝛼−1)+𝑘𝛼(𝑟𝑐 −1)]

Calculate:
 The pressure, temperature and specific volume for each point in the cycle.
 The fraction of heat transferred at constant volume and at constant pressure.
 The thermal efficiency, amount of specific heat added, the maximum gas
pressure and temperature.
 The cycle’s net specific work.
 The cutoff ratio, the pressure ratio during constant volume heat addition
process.