Karmanushtanam Final

815
I¿am-\p-jvTm\ ]qP-Iƒ
816
BKa-\I - m-esØbpw X]- p-Im-es - Øbpw s]k-lm-°m-es - Øbpw Rmb-

dm-gvNI- f
- nepw atlm-’h - ß
- f- nepw s]klm\pjvTm\ Zn-\ß - f- nepw kIe
acn®hnizm-kn-If - psS kvac-Wb - nepw hn`q-Xn-_p-[\
- m-gvNb
- nepw hnip≤hmc-
Ønepw I¿am-\p-jT v m-\]- q-PI
- ƒ \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. I¿Ωm-\p-jT v m\]pkvX-
I-ßf - nepw Znhy-]q-PI- f- n¬Ø-s∂bpw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ \nb-aß - ƒ ]men-
t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
817
I. ss{IkvXh {]mcwÌqZm-iI
- f
- psS
]cn-I¿aw sNø¬
]pcp-j∑- m¿°p sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]m¿Y-\I
- s
- f√mw Bh-iy-amb am‰
ß-tfm-Sp-IqsS kv{XoIƒ°pw _lp-h-N-\-Øn-ep-≈h am‰-ß-tfmsS GI-
h-N-\-Ønepw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
1. Xnc-s™Sp∏v AYhm t]cp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬
s]k-lm-Pm-Kc - Ø- n¬, ss{IkvXh {]mcw` IqZm-iI - ƒ°mbn {]th-
i\w e`n-®h - ¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v AYhm t]cp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Ø¬. CXns‚ I¿aw X]-- p-Im-e-sØ H∂m-asØ Rmb-dm-gN v b
- nse
Znhy-]qPmat[y \S-Øs - ∏-Sp∂p (pp). AP-]m-e\Imc-Wß - f - m¬, Cu Rmb-
dm-gvN-b-√msX Xncp-I¿a-Zn-h-k-ß-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ H∂p-ap-X¬ \mep-
hscbp≈ \º-dp-If - n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Znh-kß - s
- fm-gn-sI, a‰p Znh-k-
ß-fn¬ CXp \S-Øs - ∏-Sp-Ib- m-sW-¶n¬ [q{a\nd-tØm-Sp-IqsS Znhy-]qP \S-
Øm-hp-∂X - m-W.v X]- p-Im-ew, \mem-asØ sh≈n-bm-gN v b - nse Znhy-]q-P-
bnepw CXp \S-Øm-hp-∂X - mWv (pp).
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 104,3˛4
I¿Øm-hns\ At\z-jn-°p-∂-h-cpsS lrZbw BÀm-Zn-
°s´; I¿Øm-hns\ At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw i‡n-s∏-Sp--Ibpw
sNøp-hn≥, \nc-¥cw Ahn-SsØ apJw tXSp-hn≥.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
a\p-jy-cpsS c£-bv°mbn Ft∏mgpw {]h¿Øn-°p∂
ssZh-ta, Ct∏mgpw Atß P\sØ Ir]m-ka - r-≤n-bm¬ Aßv
B\-μn-∏n-°p-∂p-ht- √m. Atß Xnc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-´h- sc Imcp-Wy-
]q¿hw ISm-£n-°W - t- a. Aß-s\, A\p-Iº - b - m¿∂ kwc-£-
W-Øns‚ klmbw \h-Pm-Xc - m-tI-≠h- s
- cbpw \h-Pm-Xs - cbpw
ImØp-c£- n-°p-am-dm-Is - ´. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
818 I¿am-\p-jvTm\ ]qP-Iƒ
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
k¿h-i‡- \ - pw \nXy-\p-amb ssZh-ta, ⁄m\-k\ v m\IqZm-
i-bm¬, Atß \ma-Øns‚ {]Jym-]\ - Ø
- n¬, Rßsf \nXy-
Po-h\
- n-te°v Aßv \ho-Ic - n-°p-∂p-ht- √m. Atß Zmk-cpsS ImWn-
°-Ifpw {]m¿Y-\I - fpw kzoI-cn-°W - t- a. Aß-s\, Aßn¬ {]Xym-
i-b¿∏n-°p-∂-h-cpsS A`n-em-j-ßƒ \nd-th-‰m\pw ]m]-ßƒ
XpS®p\o°m\pw Aßv Iev]n-t°-Wt- a. I¿Øm-hmb...
AXXpIme-Øns‚ Bap-J-KoXn sNm√p-∂p.
Znhy-t`m-P-\-{]-`-WnXw Ft^. 1, 7
{InkvXp-hn¬, Ahn-SpsØ Ir]-bpsS kar-≤ns°mØv,
\ap°v ]m]-tam-N-\hpw Ahn-SsØ c‡whgn ]cn-{Xm-Whpw
ssIh-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
Znhy-t`m-P-\-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Rßƒ kzoI-cn® IqZmibm¬ Rßsf
ip≤o-I-cn-°m\pw Atß Zmksc F√m ]m]-ß-fnepw\n∂p
tamNn-X-cm-°m\pw A\p-{K-ln-°-Wsa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-
°p∂p. Aß- s \, Ip‰- t _m[w\nanØw sRcp- ß p- ∂ - h ¿
kz¿Ko-bu-j-[-Øns‚ kºq¿W-X-bm¬ al-Øzo-Ir-XcmIp-
am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hmb...
]cn-tim-[\I¿aw 819
2. ]cn-tim-[\I¿aw
DNn-X-amb ka-b-Øv, AXm-bXv X]- p-Im-esØ aq∂v, \mev,
A©v F∂o \n›nX Rmb- d m- g v N - I - f n¬, s]k- l m- P m- K - c - Ø n¬,
ss{IkvXh {]mcwÌqZm-i-Iƒ°v {]th-i\we`n® A¿Yn-IfpsS ]cn-
tim-[\, Cu Znhy-]q-P-I-fn¬ [q{a-\n-d-tØm-Sp-IqsS \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.
F∂m¬, AP-]m-e\Imc-W-ß-fm¬, Cu Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn¬ \S-Øm≥
IgnbmsX h∂m¬, X]- p-Im-esØ DNn-X-amb a‰v CS-Zn-h-k-ß-tfm,
s]k-lm-Pm-Kc - Ø
- n\p ]pd-ta, ⁄m\-kv\m\w \S-tØ-≠t- ∏mƒ, a‰p Ime-
ßtfm Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-hp∂XmWv. F-∂mepw, ]cn-tim-[-\-I-fpsS BZy
Znhy-]q-P-bn¬, ka-cn-bm-°m-cn-bpsS kphn-tijw Ft∏mgpw hmbn-°p∂p;
AXp-t]mse X]- p-Im-esØ aq∂m-a-sØ-bpw, \mem-a-sØbpw A©m-
a-sØbpw Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v c≠m-atØ-
Xn¬ P∑\m A‘\mb-hs\∏‰nbpw aq∂m-a-tØ-Xn¬ emk-dn-s\-∏-‰nbpw
hmbn-°p-∂p.
A
H∂m-asØ ]cn--tim-[\
{]th-iI{]`-WnXw Fsk 36, 23˛26
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsNøp∂p: \nßfn¬ Fs‚ ]cn-ip≤n
shfn-s∏-Sp--tºmƒ, `qan apgp-h-\nepw\n∂v \nßsf Rm≥ Hcp-
an-®p-Iq´pw; Rm≥ \nß-fp-sS-ta¬ ip≤-Pew h¿jn°pw, \nß-
fpsS F√m amen-\y-ß-fnepw\n∂p \nßƒ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-
Spw, \nßƒ°p Rm≥ Hcp \hssNX\yw \evIpw.
AYhm Cf. Gi 55, 1
I¿Ømhv Acpƒ sNøp∂p: Zmlm¿Ø-tc, Pem-ib - Ø- n-
te°v hcp-hn≥, \n¿[-\tc h∂p kt¥m-jt- ØmsS IpSn-°p-hn≥.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Ømth, Rß-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-´h
- ¿°v, tbmKy-
X-tbm-Spw ⁄m\-tØmSpwIqsS Atß kvXpXn-Itf-‰p-sNm-√p-
hm≥ A\p-{Klw \evIW - t- a. Aß-s\, DZv`h]m]-Øm¬ Ah¿
\jvSs
- ∏-Sp-Ønb BZn-a] - Z- h
- n-bn¬, Atß alØzwhgn Ah¿
\ho-Ic- n-°s
- ∏-Sp-am-dm-Is- ´. Aß-tbm-Sp-IqsS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Cu Znhycl-ky-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥, Atß
ImcpWyw Atß Zmksc bYm-tbmKyw Hcp-°p-Ibpw `‡n]q¿h-
I-amb Pohn-X-ssien-bm¬ Cu cl--ky-ß-fn-te°v \bn-°p-
Ibpw sNø-s´-sb∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. I¿Øm-hmb...
X]- p-Im-esØ aq∂mw Rmb-dm-gvN-bpsS Bap-J-Ko-Xn sNm√p∂p (p).
tdma≥ Im\≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ, A\p-kvac
- W {]m¿Y-\b
- n¬, ⁄m-\-
]n-Xm-°ƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ A\p-kva-c-Whpw {]tXyI D]m-¿∏W {]m¿Y-
\bpw sNm√p-∂p.
I¿Øm-th, Atß ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øns‚ Znhy-Ir]
kzoI-cn-°m-\mbn Aßv Xnc-s™-SpØ Atß Zmk-scbpw
Chn-sS, ⁄m\ amXm-]n-Xm-° ∑mcpsS t]cp-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ F√m-h-scbpw kvacn-°-Wta. Ah-cpsS
hnizmkw Aßp-am{Xw Adn-bp-∂p-h-t√m.
BI-bm¬, I¿Øm-th, Cu _en Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw Aßv
kzoI-cn-°W
- t- a. \nXy-Po-h\
- n-te°pw Atß A\p-Kr-loX Zm\-
Øn-te°pw tN¿°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw hnfn-
°-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNøm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß Zmk¿°p-
th≠n Cu_en Atß°v Rßƒ A¿∏n-°p-∂p. (I¿Øm-hmb
{InkvXp-hgn Rßƒ ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-f-W-ta,
Bta≥).
c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-s∂-¶n¬, sshZn-IKW-
sØbpw F∂ hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, Iqń-t®¿°p-∂p:
I¿Øm-th, \h-P-∑-Øns‚ \ocp-d-h-bn-te°p \bn-°m≥
Aßv Xnc-s™-SpØ Atß Zmk-scbpw kvacn-°-Wta.
aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-s∂-¶n¬, Aßv
t\Sn-sb-SpØ Atß P\w F∂ hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw Iqń-t®¿°p-∂p.
I¿Øm-th, Atß Ir]-bm¬ Atß Zmksc klm-bn-
°-Ws- a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, Ah¿ Xß-fpsS
hm°mepw amXr-Ib - mepw Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-hn-ep≈
\h-Po-h\
- n-te°v Cu Xnc-s™-Sp-Øh- sc \bn-°p-am-dm-Is
- ´.
]cn-tim-[\I¿aw 821
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. tbml 4, 14

I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: Rm≥ \evIp∂ sh≈w IpSn-
°p-∂-h-≥ \nXy-Po-h-\n-te°p \n¿K-fn-°p∂ \ocp-d-h-bm-Ipw.
I¿Øm-th, ]cn-{Xm-WØ - ns‚ ê-ßƒh-gn, \nXy-Iq-Zm-i-
Iƒ-°mbn kap-NnXw Hcp-ßp-∂h- sc Aßv kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw Ah-
bn-te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ Ahsc klm-bn-°W - -sa∂v
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p∂p. I¿Øm-hm-b...
B
c≠m-asØ ]cn-tim-[\
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw k¶o 24,15˛16
Fs‚ IÆp-Iƒ kZm I¿Øm-hn-¶t- e°v Xncn-™n-cn-°p-
∂p, Ahn--S∂v Fs‚ ]mZ-ßƒ sIWn-bn¬\n∂v tamNn∏n-°pw.
Zb-tXm∂n Fs∂ ISm-£n-°W - t- a. Fs¥-∂m¬, Rm≥ GIm-
Inbpw Zcn-{Z-\p-am-Wv.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
k¿h-i-‡\pw \nXy-\p-amb ssZh-ta, Atß k`sb
Bflobkt¥m-jØ - m¬ Aßv A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-ØW
- t- a. Aß-
s\, `qan-bn¬ P∑-sa-Sp-Øh
- ¿ kz¿K-Øn¬ \h-P∑w {]m]n-°m≥
CS-bm-°-W-ta. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, tIW-t]-£n-®p-sIm≠v \nXyu-j-[-Øns‚
ImWn-°-Iƒ kt¥m-j-]q¿hw Rßf¿∏n°p-∂p. Ahsb
Rßƒ kap-NnXw hW-ßm\pw c£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-h¿°p-th≠n
A\p- b p- ‡ - a mbn ka¿∏n- ° m\pw Aßv C- S - b m- ° - W - t a.
I¿Øm-hmb...
X]- p-Im-esØ \memw Rmb-dm-gN

v b
- psS Bap-JK
- oXn sNm√p∂p (p)
kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b - n¬ ⁄m\-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°f
- psS kvacW taev]d- ™
hn[-Øn¬ \S-Øs- ∏-Sp∂p (pp). tdma≥ Im\≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-s∂-¶n¬, BZysØ
]cn-tim-[\
- b
- n-se-t∏m-se, {]tXyI D]m¿∏W- {]m¿Y\ sNm√p∂p (p).
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. tbml 9, 11.38
I¿Ømhv Nfn- b p- ≠ m°n Fs‚ IÆp-I-fn¬ ]pcń;
Rm≥t]mbn IgpIn; Rm≥ ImWp-Ibpw ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
I¿Øm- t h, Atß IpSpw- _ sØ Imcp- W y- ] q¿hw
kZm Aßv ImØp-]m-en-°p-Ibpw t\¿hgn Im´p-Ibpw Zbm-
]q¿hw Atß ]cn-]m-e-\Øn¬ kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw \nc-¥c
\∑-bm¬ c£-bpsS am¿K-Øn-eqsS \bn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Wt- a.
I¿Øm- h m- b ...
C
aq∂m-asØ ]cn-tim-[\
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o17, 5.7
ac-W-]miw Fs∂ hcn-™p-ap-dp-°n, ]mXmfthZ-\-Iƒ
Fs∂ hebw sNbvXp; Fs‚ IjvS-X-bn¬ Rm≥ I¿Øm-
hns\ hnfn- ® - t ]- £ n- ° p- I bpw Ahn- S ∂v Xs‚ Be- b -
Øn¬\n∂v Fs‚ At]£ tIƒ°pIbpw sNbvXp.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm- t h, Znhy- c - l - k y- ß - f m¬ DZv t _m- [ n- X - c m- b n,
⁄m\-kv\m\ \o¿sØm-ń-bm¬ \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm\pw Atß
k`-bpsS AwK-ß-tfm-Sp-IqsS FÆ-s∏-Sm\pw Rß-fpsS Xnc-
s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h¿°v A\p-{Klw \evI-W-ta. Aß-tbm-Sp-
Iq-sS...
]cn-tim-[\I¿aw 823
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
k¿h- i - ‡ - \ mb ssZh- t a, Rßsf {ihn- ° p- I bpw
ss{IkvXh hnizm-k-Øns‚ BZy-^-e-ßƒsIm≠v Aßv ]cn-
]q-cn-X-cm-°nb Atß Zmk¿ Cu _en-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-
Øm¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°pIbpw sNø-W-ta.
I¿Øm-hm-b...
X]- p-Im-esØ A©mw Rmb-dns‚ Bap-J-KoXn sNm√p∂p (pp).
kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b- n¬ ⁄m\-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°∑mcpsS kvacW taev]-
d-™-{]-Imcw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p (p). tdma≥ Im\≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ,
BZysØ ]cn-tim-[\ - b - p-t]mse {]tXy-I- k-º¿°
- n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂X
{]m¿Y\ sNm√p∂p (p).
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. tbml 11, 26
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: F∂n¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw hniz-
kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h
- c
- mcpw \nXy-ambn acn-°p-Ib
- n-√.
I¿Øm-th, Atß P\w H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw ]q¿W-
lr-Z-b-tØmsS Atß°v Iogvs∏´p Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´.
Aß-s\, F√m t¢i-ß-fnepw\n∂p kpc-£n-X-cm-bn, Ah-cpsS
c£-bpsS kt¥mjw Hu’p-Iy-tØmsS A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw
\h-P∑w {]m]n-°p-∂-h¿°p-th≠n Ah¿ Zbm-]q¿hw {]m¿Yn-
-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
3. ⁄m\-kv\m\w \evI¬
ss{IkvXh {]mcw-`-Iq-Zm-i-Iƒ, km[m-c-W-am-bn, apXn¿∂-h¿°v CuÃ-
dns‚ hnip≤ cm{Xn-bnse s]k-lm-Pm-Kc - Ø
- n¬ \evIs - ∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬,
Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬, s]klm atlm-’h - Ø- n-\p-]p-dta CXv ]cn-I¿aw sNøm-
hp-∂-XmWv; I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-]q-P-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂ Znh-k-ß-fn¬,
sh≈-\n-dØ
- ntem Xncp-\m-fns‚ \nd-Øntem D≈ ]qPm-hk - v{X-ßt- fmsS
Cu Znhy-]q-PI
- ƒ \S-Øm-hp-∂X - m-Wv.
Ipń-If
- psS ⁄m\-k\v m-\I
- ¿a-Øn-\pw, AtX \n_-‘\
- I
- t- fm--sS, Cu Znhy-
]qP sNm√m-hp-∂X
- m-Wv.
Cu Znhy-]q-P-bn¬, A\p-Xm-]-I¿aw, I¿Øm-th I\n-b-W-ta, hnizm-k-
{]-amWw F∂nh hn´p-If- b
- p∂p; F∂m¬, AXyp-∂X- ß
- f- n¬ sNm√p-∂p.
A
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. Ft^ 4,24
\oXn-bnepw kXy-Øns‚ hnip-≤n-bnepw ssZh-Øns‚
kmZr-iy-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ ]pXn-b-a-\p-jys\ [cn-°p-hn≥
(s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Atß ]p{Xs‚ ]oUm-kl - \- Ø
- n-s‚bpw D∞m-
\-Øn-s‚bpw cl-ky-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm≥ Rßƒ°v Aßv
CShcpØp∂p-ht- √m. ZØp-]p-{X-cpsS Bflmhn¬ i‡-cm-bn, \h-
Po-h\
- nte°v \nc-¥cw Ncn-°m≥ A\p-{K-ln-°W - s
- a∂v Rßƒ
{]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß ]p{X-t\mSv A\p-cq-]-s∏-´-hscbpw
{]-Xn-jvTm-ssXe ap{Z-bm¬ ]cn-]q¿W-cm-°-s∏-´-h-sc-bpw ]ptcm-
ln-X-P-\-X-tbmSv Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw Aßv H∂n-®p-tN¿Øp-h-t√m.
Ahsc Atß°v kzoIm-cy-amb _en-h-kvXp-°-fmbn IW-
°m-°m≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-am-I-W-sa∂pw Atß k`-bpsS
ImgvN-{Z-hy-ß-tfm-sSm∏w Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂pw
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. I¿Øm-hm-b...
⁄m\-kv\m\w \evI¬ 825
s]k-lm-°m-e-Øv, s]k-lm-°m-e-Ønse c≠masØ Bap-J-KoXnbpw

(P) a‰p-Im-e-ß-fn¬, B≠p-h-´sØ Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnse H∂m-asØ Bap-
J-Ko-Xnbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (P).
tdma≥ Im\≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ, A\p-kva-cW {]m¿Y-\-bn¬ ⁄m\-
]n-Xm-°-fpsS kvacW \S-Øp-∂p.
I¿Øm-th, Atß ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øns‚ Znhy-Ir-]-
bv°mbn Atß Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-hsc kzoI-cn® Atß
Zmk-scbpw
ChnsS ⁄m\-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°∑mcpsS t]cp-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.
ChnsS Hcp-an®p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ F√m-h-scbpw kvacn-°-W-ta.
Ah-cpsS hnizmkw Atß-°p-am{Xw Adn-hp-≈-Xm-W-t√m.
kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\I
- f
- n¬, ]pXn-bX
- mbn ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn-®h
- -
cpsS kvac-W, Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ßf- n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, {]tXyIA\p-kva-c-W-
{]m¿Y\ (Hanc igitur) sNm√p∂p:
k¿h-]m-]ß - f
- nepw\n∂p tamN\acp-fn, Pe-Ømepw ]cn-
ip-≤m-flm-hmepw ]pXp-P∑w \evIn Aßv A\p-{K-ln-®h - ¿°p-
th≠n I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw Atß
IpSpw_w apgp-hs
- ‚bpw Cu ImgvN{- Zhyw kw{]o-Xn-tbmsS kzoI-
cn-°W
- s
- a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, I¿Øm-th, Rß-
fpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬ Ahsc ISm£n°p-Ibpw
Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw Ahsc kzoI-cn-®,v Pohs‚ ]pkvXI - Ø
- n¬ Ah-
cpsS t]cp-Iƒ Fgp-X-s∏-Sm≥ Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. (I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-hgn Rßƒ
ka¿∏n°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-fW - ta, Bta≥).
(b) c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bpsS a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬
sshZn-I-scbpw F∂-Xn-\p-tijw Iqń-t®¿°p-∂p:
I¿Øm-th, ⁄m\-k\ v m-\Ø- n-eqsS (bpw ssÿcy-te-]-

\-Øn-eq-sS-bpw) Atß IpSpw-_Ø - n-te°p tN¿°-s∏´ \h-Pm-
X-scbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a. Aß-s\, DZm-ca - mb lrZ-bt- ØmSpw k∂-
≤-amb a\-t m-Spw-IqsS Atß ]p{X-\mb {InkvXp-hns\ Ch¿
]ns©-√p-am-dm-Is- ´. ktlm-Zc
- s- c-bpw...
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bpsS a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬,
Zbm-]q¿hw tI´-cp-f-W-ta F∂-Xn-\p-tijw Iqń-t®¿°p∂p:
\h-P-∑-Øns‚ kv\m\-Ømepw (]-cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚
Zm\-ßfm-epw) C∂v Atß P\-tØmSp tN¿°-s∏´ Atß
Zmksc i‡n- s ∏- S p- Ø p- I bpw \nc- ¥ cw Ah¿ \h- P o- h -
\nte°v Ncn- ° m≥ A\p- { K- l n- ° p- I bpw sNø- W - s a∂v
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. temI-sa-ßp-ap-≈...
(d) \mem-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bpsS a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬
\h-Pm-X-cpsS kvacW C{]-Imcw Dƒt®¿°p∂p:
kakvXsshZn-I-scbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-h-scbpw
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-scbpw C∂v Pe-Ømepw ]cn-ip-≤m-
flm-hmepw \h-P∑w {]m]n-°m≥ A-ßv C-S-bm-°nb \h-Pm-X-
scbpw Atß ka-kvX-P-\-sØ-bpw...
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. 1 tbml 3, 1
I≠m-epw, F{X -h-enb kvt\l-amWv ]nXmhv \tΩmSv
ImWn-®Xv; ssZh-a-°sf∂p \mw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p, \Ωƒ AXm-
Wp-Xm\pw (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Atß ]p{Xs‚ ico-c-c-‡-ß-fpsS IqZmi
bm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-X-cm-bn, Ahn-SsØ Bflm-hns‚ kwk¿K-
Ønepw ktlm-Zc- k
- vt\-lØ - nepw Rßƒ hf-cm\pw Aß-s\,
D÷ze-amb kvt\l-Øm¬, {InkvXp-ic - o-cØ
- ns‚ ]q¿W-cq-]-
Øn-te-s°-Øn-t®-cm\pw A\p-{K-ln-°W
- s - a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-
°p-∂p. Fs∂-∂pw...
⁄m\-kv\m\w \evI¬ 827
B
{]th-iI
- {- ]-`W
- nXw XotØm 3, 5.7
]p\-cp÷o-h-\-Øns‚ kv\m\-Ømepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-
hns‚ \ho-I-c-W-Ømepw ssZhw \sΩ c£n-®p. Aßs\,
Ahn-SsØ Ir]-bm¬ \mw \oXn-a-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \nXy-
Po-hs‚ {]Xym-i-bn¬ Ah-Im-in-I-fmbnØocp-Ibpw sNbvXp
(s]-k-lm-°m-eØ,v At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Poh-h-N-\-Øm¬ Aßp Rßƒ°v \h-P∑w
\evIp-∂p-h-t√m. Bflm¿Y-lr-Z-b-tØmsS hN\w kzoI-cn-
®p-sIm-≠v, Hu’p-Iy-tØmsS kXy-Øn¬ Rßƒ Pohn-
°m\pw ktlm-Z-c-kvt\-l-Øns‚ kar-≤-amb ê-ßƒ ]pd-
s∏-Sp-hn°m\pw A\p-{K-ln-°-W-ta. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm- t h, Xøm- d m- ° - s ∏´ A∏- s Øbpw an{iWw
sNbvX ho™n-s\bpw kao-]n-°p-∂-h¿°v Atß hncp-∂n-te-
°p≈ IhmSw Aßv Xpd-°-W-ta. Aß-s\, kz¿Kob hncp∂v
kt¥m-j-tØmsS BtLm-jn-®p-sIm-≠v, Atß `h-\-Øn¬
hnip-≤-cpsS kl-]u-c-∑m-cmbn Rßƒ FÆ-s∏-Sp-am-dm-I-s´.
I¿Øm-hm-b...
s]k-lm-°m-eØ - ,v s]k-lm-°mew c≠m-asØ Bap-JK - oXnbpw (p) a‰p
Ime-ßf - n¬ B≠p-h´- Ø
- nse Rmb-dm-gN
- I
- fpsS H∂m-asØ Bap-JK - o-Xnbpw
(p)D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
kvtXm{X-bmK {]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬, {]tXyI a[yÿ{]m¿Y-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂p (pp).
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf.1 tbml3,2
\mant∏mƒ ssZh-Øns‚ a°-fm-Wv, \mw F¥mbn
Øocp-sa∂v CXp-h-scbpw shfn-s∏-ń-ń√ (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv,
At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Atß ]p{Xs‚ ac-WØ - n-s‚bpw D∞m-\-
Øn-s≥dbpw al-Ømb clkyw BtLm-jn-®p-sIm≠p {]tLm-
jn® Cu IqZm-ib - psS i‡n-bm¬, Pohn-XØ
- nepw Rßƒ CXv
G‰p-]d- b
- m≥ Aßv CS-bm-°W - t- a. I¿Øm-hm-b...
4. ssÿcy-te-]\I¿aw
I¿am-\p-jT
v m\]qP-Iƒ A\p-hZ- n-®n-´p≈ Znh-kß
- f
- n¬ ssÿcy-te-]\ I¿aw
\S-°p∂ Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬ sNa∏p\nd-Øn-tem, sh≈\nd-Øntem, Xncp-\m-
fns‚tbmBb ]qPm-hk - v{X-ßt- fm-Sp-IqsS Cu Znhy-]q-PI
- ƒ \SØp-∂p.
AXyp∂Xßfn¬ sNm√p∂p. hnizmk{]amWw hn´pIfbp∂p.
A
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Fsk 36,25˛26
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsNøp∂p: Rm≥ \nß-fp-sS-ta¬ ip≤-
Pew Xfn-°pw, Hcp ]pXnb lrZbw \nßƒ°v Rm≥ \evIpIbpw
Hcp \h-ssN-X\yw \nß-fn¬ \nt£-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw
(s]-kl
- m-°m-eØ- ,v At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
k¿h-i‡ - \pw ImcpWyhm\p-amb ssZh-ta, ]cn-ip-≤mflmhv
Fgp-∂≈- n-hc- p-Ibpw Rß-fn¬ I\n-hm¿∂v hkn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-
sIm-≠,v Rßsf Ahn-SsØ al-Øz-Øns‚ Be-ba- m°n-Øo-cm≥
A\p-{K-ln-°W - s- a∂v {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
AYhm
I¿Øm-th, Atß hmKvZm\w Rßfn¬ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw
]q¿Øo-Ic
- n-°W
- s
- a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, ]cn-ip-
≤m-flmhv Fgp-∂-≈n-h-∂p-sIm≠v, temI-k-a£w Rß-fpsS
I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-jØ - n\v km£n-I-
fmbnØocm≥ Rßsf Aßv CS-bm-°W - t- a. Fs∂-∂pw...
a‰p {]m¿Y-\-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv (p).
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zmk-cpsS {]m¿Y-\-Iƒ Imcp-Wy-
]q¿hw kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\,
Atß ]p{X-t\mSv ]cn]q¿W-ambn A\p-cq-]-s∏-´v, Atß
BXvamhv Rßƒ°p-th≠n t\Sn-Ø∂ Ahn-SsØ ]cn-{Xm-
W-Øns‚ kvac-W-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠v, Ahn-StØ°v
km£yw hln-°p-∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ A\-h-cXw hf-cm≥ A\p-
{Klw \evI-W-ta. Fs∂-∂pw...
ssÿcy-te-]\I¿aw 829
]cnip≤mflm-hns‚ H∂m-asØ Bap-JK - o-Xntbm (p) c≠m-asØ Bap-J-

Ko-Xntbm (p) D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X
- m-W.v .
tdma≥ Im\≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ, {]tXyI D]m¿∏W {]m¿Y\ (Hanc
igitur) sNm√p∂p:
AXn-\m¬, I¿Øm-th, ⁄m\kv\m\-Øm¬ \h-Pm-
X-cm-b-h-sc, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Zm\-ßfm¬ ssÿcy-s∏-Sp-
Øm≥ Aßv CS-bm-°nh¿°pth-≠nbpw Rß-fpsS tkh-\-
Øn-s‚bpw Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw
Atß°v Rßf¿∏n-°p-∂p. AXv Aßv Imcp-Wy--]q¿hw
kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Ah-cn¬ Aßv \evInb Ir] I\n-hm¿∂v
ImØp-]m-en-°-W-sa∂pw Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p∂p (I¿Øm-hmb
{InkvXp-hgn Rßƒ ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-f-W-ta.
Bta≥).
c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b
- mWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂s
- X-¶n¬, sshZn-
I-K-W-tØmSv F∂ hm°p-Iƒ°v tijw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿°p∂p:
I¿Øm- t h, C∂v ]cn- i p- ≤ m- fl m- h ns‚ Zm\- ß fm¬
ssÿcy-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß Zmksc
kvacn-°p-Ibpw Atß Ir]-bn¬ Ahsc kwc--£n-°p-I-bpw
sNø-W-ta.
aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bmK{]m¿Y-\b
- mWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂s- X-¶n¬, Atß-°mbn
t\Sn-sb-SpØ kakvX P\-sØ-bpw F∂hm-°p-Iƒ°p tijw C{]-Imcw
Iqńt®¿°p∂p:
I¿Ømth, ⁄m\-k\ v m-\Ø
- m¬ \h-Pm-Xc
- m-bh
- cpw ]cn-
ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Zm\-ßfm¬ ssÿcy-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-
≈-ambhcp-amb Atß Zmksc kvacn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ Atß
Ir] ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw sNø-Wt- a.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. sl{_m 6, 4
{]Im-in-Xcpw kz¿KobZm\w Bkz-Zn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw ]cn-
ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ ]¶p-Im-cm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX \nßsf√mhcpw
I¿Øm-hn¬ B\-μn-°p-hn≥ (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hm¬ A`n-tjNn-Xcpw Atß
]p{Xs‚ IqZm-ib
- m¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-Xc- p-am-bh
- sc C\n-ap-X¬ Atß
A\p-{K-lØ- m¬ A\p-bm{X sNø-Wt- a. Aß-s\, F√m {]Xn-k-
‘n-Ifpw XcWw sNbvX,v Ah-cpsS hnip-≤n-bm¬ Atß k`sb
Ah¿ kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw kvt\lhpw
hgn, temI-Øn¬ k`-bpsS hf¿® kpKaam°pIbpw sNøp-am-dm-
I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Znhy-]q-P-bnse kam-]-\m-io¿hmZw
sa{Xm≥, ]pXp-Xmbn ssÿcy-te-]\w kzoI-cn-®-h-cp--sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ
Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm≠v ]d-bp∂p:
Pe-Ømepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hmepw \nßsf \h-Pm-Xcpw
Ahn-Ss
- Ø Z- Ø
- p-]p-{Xcpam°nb k¿h-i‡- \pw ]nXm-hp-amb
ssZhw, A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SsØ ss]XrI kvt\l-Øn\v
A¿lcm°n ImØp-]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is- ´.
R. Bta≥.
kXymflmhv k`-bn¬ A[n-h-kn-°p-sa∂v hmKvZm\w
sNbvX Ahn-SsØ GI-Pm-X-\mb ]p{X≥ \nßsf A\p-
{K- l n- ° p- I bpw Ahn- S sØ i‡n- b m¬ kXy- h n- i zmkw
{]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \nßsf ZrVo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-
dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
injy-cpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ Znhy-kvt\-lm·n D÷zen-
∏n- ° p∂ ]cn- i p- ≤ m- fl mhv \nßsf A\p- { K- l n- ° p- I bpw
Hscm‰ k-aq-l-am°n \njvIevaj-ambn ssZh-cm-Py-Ønse
kt¥m-j-Øn-te°v \nßsf \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
sshZn-I≥ kIe P\-sØbpw Bio¿h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠v, Iqń-t®¿°p∂p:
ChnsS Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nß-sf-√m-hs
- cbpw k¿h-
i- ‡ - \ mb ssZhw, ? ]nXmhpw? ? ]p{X\pw ? ]cn- i p- ≤ m-
flmhpw+A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
AYhm
P\-ß-fp-sS-ta-ep-≈ {]m¿Y\
sa{Xm≥ ]pXp-Xmbn ssÿcy-te-]\w kzoI-cn-®h- c
- p-sSbpw P\-ßf
- p-sSbpw
ta¬ ssIIƒ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠p ]d-bp∂p:
ssZh-ta, Rß-fn¬ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n-bXv ZrVo-I-cn-
°p-Ibpw Atß hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-
flm-hns‚ Zm\-ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNø-W-sa. Aß-s\,
Ah¿ {Iqin-X-\mb {InkvXp-hns\ temI-k-a£w ssha-\kyw
IqSmsX {]Jym-]n-°pIbpw `‡n-kvt\-l-tØmsS Ahn-SsØ
Iev]-\-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´. Fs∂-∂pw...
R. Bta≥
]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ?]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpamb ?k¿h-i‡- -
\mb ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-lw \nßfn¬ h∂-Wb - pIbpw F∂pw
\ne-\nev°p-Ibpw sNøp-amdm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥
B
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. tdmam 5,5;8,11
\Ωn¬ hkn-°p∂ Ahn-SsØ Bflmhphgn, ssZh-
kvt\lw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fnte°v sNmcn-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ Rß-fp-sS-ta¬
Ir]m-]q¿hw h¿-jn-°W
- s - a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\,
hnizm-kØ- ns‚ sFIy-Øn¬ Ncn-®p-sIm≠v, Atß kvt\l-
Øns‚ i‡n-bm¬ _e-s∏-´v, Rß-sf-√m-hcpw {InkvXp-hns‚
]q¿W-cq-]Ø
- ns‚ \ndhn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-am-dm-Is
- ´. Fs∂-∂pw...
a‰p {]m¿Y-\-Ifpw sNm√m-hp-∂-XmWv (p).
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß GI-Pm-Xt- \m-sSm∏w Atß Cu Zmk-
scbpw I\nhm¿∂v kzoI-cn-°W
- t- a. Aß-s\, Ahn-SsØ Ipcn-
imepw Bflob A`n-tj-IØ - mepw ap{Zn-Xc - m-bn, Xß-sf-Øs∂
Ahn-S-tØm-Sp-IqsS Atß°v \nc-¥cw ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠v,
A\pZn\w Atß Bflm-hns‚ kar-≤a - mb A\p-{Klh¿j-
Øn\v Ah¿ A¿l-cm-Ip-am-dm-Is
- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ H∂m-asØ Bap-JK - o-Xntbm (p) c≠m-asØ Bap-J-
Ko-Xntbm (p) D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
kvtXm{X--bmK{]m¿Y-\I
- f
- n¬ {]tXyI a[yÿ{]m¿Y-\I - ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p (p).
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 33,6.9
I¿Øm-hns\ kao-]n®v {]Im-in-X-cm-Ip-hn≥; Ahn-S∂v
- \∂v cp-Nn-®dnbp-hn≥ (s]-kl
F{X \√-hs - m-°m-eØ
- ,v At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Atß Bflm-hns‚ Zm\-ßf - m¬ Aßv ]cn-
]q-cn-Xc
- m-°nb-hs - cbpw Atß GI-Pm-Xs‚ t`mP-\Ø - m¬ t]mjn-
∏n®-hs - cbpw \nb-aØ - ns‚ ]q¿W-Xb - n¬ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°W - t- a.
Aß-s\, Ah¿ temI-ka - £w Atß ZsØ-Sp-∏ns‚ kzmX{¥yw
kZm {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS hnip-≤n-bm¬ Atß P\-Øns‚
{]hm-NI - [
- ¿aw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ {]m]vXc- m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is
- ´.
I¿Øm-hm-b...
kmtLm-jm-io¿hm-Ztam P\-ßf
- p-sS-ta-ep≈ {]m¿Y-\tbm sNm√p∂p (p).
C
kμ¿t`m-Nn-Xa
- mb a‰p {]m¿Y-\I
- ƒ
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Aßn¬\n∂p]pd-s∏-Sp∂ BizmkZm-bI- \- mb
]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv Rß-fpsS am\-k-ßsf {]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw
Atß ]p{X≥ hmKvZm\w sNbvXX - p-t]m-se, F√m kXy-Øn-
te°pw Rßsf \bn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ws - a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-
°p-∂p. Fs∂-∂pw...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß IpSpw-_Ø - ns‚ ImgvN{- Z-hy-ßƒ kzoI-
cn-°W- s
- a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚
Zm\w kzoI-cn-®h
- ¿ AXv ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw \nXy-kΩ - m-\ß
- -
fn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is
- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
I¿Øm-th, Rß-fn¬ Atß kvt\l-Øns‚ Bflm-
hns\ h¿jn-°-W-ta. Aß-s\, Htc kz¿Kob A∏-Øm¬
Aßv ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n® Chsc Atß Imcp-Wy-Øm¬ Hcp-a-bp-
f-f-h-cm°nØo¿°pI-bpw-sNø-Wta. I¿Ømhmb...
II. tcmKo-te-]\I¿aw
I¿am-\p-jvTm\]qP-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂ Znhkßfn¬, tcmKo--te-
]-\-I¿aw Znhy-]q-P-tbmsSm∏w \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, sh≈\nd-tØm-Sp-Iq-
sS, tcmKn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Znhy-]qP (p) D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X
- m-Wv.
]pcp-j-∑m¿°p-th≠n sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]m¿Y-\-I-sf√mwXs∂ Bh-
iy-amb am‰-ß-tfmsS kv{XoIƒ°pw _lp-h-N-\-Øn-ep-≈h A\p-bp-‡-
amb am‰-ß-tfmsS GI-h-N-\-Ønepw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Znhy-]q-P-bpsS kam-]\Øn¬, Bio¿hm-Z-Øns‚ cq]w Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-
cn-°p-∂-h-bn¬ \n∂v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
]nXm-hmb ssZhw \ns∂ A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is - ´.
R. Bta≥
ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{X≥ \ns∂ kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-am-dm-Is - ´.
R. Bta≥
]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv \ns∂ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-am-dm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥
Ahn-S∂v \ns‚ icocw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw \ns‚ Bflm-
hns\ c£n°pIbpw sNøp-am-dm-Is - ´.
R. Bta≥
Ahn-S∂v \ns‚ lrZbw {]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw \nXy-Po-h\ - n-
te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is - ´.
R. Bta≥
Chn-sS-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßƒ F√m-hscbpw k¿h-i‡ - -
?
\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw A\p-{K-ln-
°p-am-dm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥
tcmKo-te-]\I¿aw 835
AYhm
I¿Øm- h mb tbi- p {Inkv X p \ns∂ kwc- £ n- ° m≥
\nt∂m-Sp-IqsS D≠m-bn-cn-°p-am-dmIs´.
R. Bta≥
\ns∂ \bn-°m≥ Ahn-S∂v \ns‚ apºnepw \ns∂ ]cn-
]m-en-°m≥ Ahn-S∂v \ns‚ ]nºnepw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Ahn-S∂v \ns∂ ISm-£n-°p-Ibpw ImØp-]m-en-°p-Ibpw
\ns∂ A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßƒ F√m-h-scbpw k¿h-
i-‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ?]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw
A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥
III. Xr∏m-tYb ip{iqj

I¿am-\p-jvTm\]qP-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p≈ Znh-kß -- -fn¬, sh≈-\n-d-tØm-
Sp-IqsS, Cu Znhy-]qP D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
]pcp-j∑- m¿°p-th≠n sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]m¿Y-\I - sf√mwXs∂ Bh-iy-
amb am‰-ßt- fmsS kv{XoIƒ°pw _lp-hN - \
- Ø
- n-ep-≈h A\p-bp-‡a
- mb
am‰-ßt- fmsS GI-hN
- \
- Ø
- nepw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X- m-W.v
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw k¶o 80, 17
Ahn-S∂v ta¬Øcw tImX-ºp-sIm≠v Ahsc Xo‰n-t∏m-
‰p-Ibpw ]md-bn¬ \n∂p≈ tX≥sIm≠v Ahsc kwXr-]vXc - m-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (s]-kl- m-°m-eØ
- v, At√-eq-bm).
AYhm Cf. Gi 53, 42
\ΩpsS thZ-\I
- f
- mWv I¿Ømhv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ hln-®X - ;v
\ΩpsS ZpxJß-fmWv Ahn-S∂v Npa-∂Xv (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv,
At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Atß ]p{X≥ Rßƒ°v hgnbpw kXyhpw
Poh-\p-am-W-t√m. Atß Zmk≥ N. s\ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ISm-
£n-°-W-ta. Aßs\, Atß hmKvZm-\-ß-fn¬ kzbw {]Xym-
i-b-¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v, Atß ]p{Xs‚ ico-c-Øm¬ ]cnt]m-jn-
∏n-°-s∏´ Cu ktlm-Z-c≥ Atß cmPy-Øn-te°v kam-[m-\-
Øn¬ apt∂-dm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°-W-ta. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
]cn-ip-≤\mb ]nXm-th, Rß-fpsS _en Icp-Wt- bmsS
ISm-£n-°W - t- a. Aß-s\, Xs‚ ]oUm-kl - \- Ø
- m¬ ]dp-Zo-k-
bpsS IhmSw Xpd-∂p-X∂ s]k-lm-Ip-™m-Sns\ Atß°p
ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw Atß Zmk≥ N... s\, Atß Ir]-hg- n, \nXy-
k-Ωm-\Ø
- n-te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is
- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Xr∏m-tYb ip{iqj 837
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw tbml 6,54

I¿Ømhv Acpƒ sNøp∂p: Fs‚ icocw `£n-°p-Ibpw
Fs‚ c‡w ]m\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - \p \nXy-Po-h\
- p-≠,v
Ah-km-\Z- n-hkw Rm\-hs\ Db¿∏n°pw (s]-kl- m-°m-eØ- v,
At√-eq-bm).
AYhm sImtfm 1,24
k`-bm-Ip∂ Xs‚ ico-csØ {]Xn, {InkvXp-hns‚ ]oU-
I-fpsS Ipdhv Fs‚ ico-c-Øn¬ Rm≥ \nI-Øp-∂p.
I¿Øm-th, Aßn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v \nXy-c£
Aßm-W-t√m. Atß Zmk≥ N. kz¿Kob A∏-Ømepw ]m\o-
b-Ømepw \ho-Ir-X\
- m-bn, {]Im-iØ
- ns‚bpw Poh-s‚bpw cmPy-
Øn¬ kpc-£n-X-\mbn FØn-t®-cm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°-W-sa∂v
IV Xncp-]´- Z- m\{Iaw
1. s
- a-{Xm≥ ]´-{Iaw
atlm-’h - ß- ƒ, BK-a\
- I
- mew, X]- p-Im-ew, s]k-lm-°mew F∂n-
h-bnse Rmb-dm-gN v I- ƒ, s]klm AjvTZ- n-\ß- ƒ, A∏-ktv Xm-e∑ - m-cpsS Xncp-
\m-fp-Iƒ F∂nh Hgn-sI-bp≈ Znh-kß - f- n¬ sh≈-\n-dt- Øm-sStbm Xncp-\m-
fns‚ \nd-tØm-sStbm Cu I¿am-\p-jT v m\]qP \S-Øm-hp-∂X - m-W.v Cu Znh-k-
ß-fn¬ \S-Øs - ∏-Sp-tºmƒ, AXmXp Znh-ksØ Znhy-]qP sNm√p-∂p.
A
Hcp-sa-{Xms‚ ]´-{Iaw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. eq°m 4, 18
I¿Øm-hns‚ Bflmhv Fs‚- ta-ep≠v; Zcn-{Zsc kphn-
tijw Adn-bn-°m\pw lrZbw \pdp-ßn-b-hsc kpJ-s∏-Sp-
Øm\pw Ahn-S∂v Fs∂ A`n-tj-Nn-®n-cn-°p∂p (s]-k-lm-
°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
AXyp-∂-X-ß-fn¬ sNm√p∂p
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Ah¿W-\o-ba - mb Ir]m-ka
- r≤n H∂p-sIm-≠p-
- mb Atß Zmk≥ N. s\ Cu Zn\w Atß
am{Xw ]ptcm-ln-X\
k`-bmb N. s‚- ta¬ Ah-tcm-[n-°m≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a- m-bt- √m.
sa{Xm≥ [¿aw kap-NnXw \nd-th-‰m-\pw F√m-‰nepw Atß ]cn-
]m-e\w Z¿in-®p-sIm-≠v, `c-ta-ev]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ P\sØ
hm°mepw amXr-Ib - mepw \bn-°m\pw Ct±l-Øn\v A\p-{Klw
\evIW- t- a. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
AY-hm {]tXy-In-®,v Hcp cq]-Xb
- n¬ Xma-kn-°mØ sa{Xms‚ ]´-{I-aØ
- n¬:
\nXy-\mb ssZh-ta, Atß AP-KW - sØ \nc-¥c kwc-
£-WØ - mb Atß Zmk≥ N. s\,
- m¬ `cn-®p-sIm-≠,v sshZn-I\
Cu Zn\w sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kwL-Øn¬ tN¿°m≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-
am-bt- √m. At±-lØ - ns‚ PohnXhnip-≤n-bm¬, {InkvXp-hns‚
bYm¿Y km£n-bmbn F√m-bn-SØpw {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sm≥ A\p-{K-ln-
°-Ws - a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Fs∂-∂pw...
Xncp-]-´-Zm\{Iaw 839
\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v, hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

{]m¿Y\ hn´p-I-f-bp-∂p.
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
]pXnbXmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® sa{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-bmKI¿a-Øn¬ apJy-
Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-tºmƒ, sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS ip{iq-j-bpsS h¿[-\-bv°m-bn,
Cu kvtXm{X-_en Atß°v Rßf¿∏n-°p∂p. Atbm-Ky-cmb
Rß-fn¬ Aßv sNmcn-bp-∂Xv I\n-hm¿∂v Aßv ]q¿W-Xb- n-
se-Øn-°p-am-dm-Is´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm-`n-tj-I-I¿aØns‚ Im¿an-I-\mb sa{Xm≥, kvtXm{X-bm-K-I¿a-
Øn¬ apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-tºmƒ sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Atß k`-bv°p-th-≠nbpw sa{Xm-\mb
Atß Zmk≥ N. \p-th-≠nbpw A¿∏n® Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw
Atß°v kzoIm-cy-amb Zm\-am-bn-Øo-cs
- ´. Atß P\-Øn¬\n-∂,v
alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\
- mbn Aßv Db¿Ønb Ct±lsØ, AP-KW - -
Øns‚ \∑-bv°p-th-≠n, A∏-kvtXm-enIhc-Zm-\ß - f
- m¬ Ae-
¶-cn-°W
- t- a. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Cu Bap-J-KoXn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Bap-J-KoXn: {InkvXp-hns‚ ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw ]ptcm-ln-X-cpsS
ip{iq-jbpw
V : I¿Ømhp \nß-tfm-Sp-Iq-sS.
R : Aß-bpsS Bflm-thm-Spw -IqsS
V : lrZbßƒ Db¿Øp-hn≥.
R : I¿Øm-hn-¶-te°p Rßƒ Db¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
V : \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-Øn\p \μn {]Im-in-∏n-°mw.
R : AXv DNn-Xhpw \ymb-hp-a-t{X..
I¿Ømth, ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]nXm-th, k¿h-i-‡\pw \nXy-\p-

amb ssZh-ta, Fßp-sa-t∏mgpw Atß°p Rßƒ IrX-⁄X
A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ DNn-Xhpw \ymb-hpw tbmKyhpw
c£m-I-c-hp-am-W-t√m.
Atß GI-]p-{Xs\ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ A`n-tj-Iw-hg- n, \ho-
\hpw k\m-X-\-hp-amb DS-º-Sn-bpsS {][m\]p-tcm-ln-X-\mbn
Aßv Ah-tcm-[n°pIbpw Atß hnkva-b-\o-b-amb ]≤-Xn-b-
\p-k-cn®v Atß GI]utcm-lnXyw k`-bn¬ XpS¿∂p-t]m-
Im≥ Xncp-hp-≈-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-t√m.
Fs¥-∂m¬, Aßp-X-s∂, kz¥-am-°-s∏´ P\sØ cmP-Io-
b-]u-tcm-lnXyØm¬ Ae-¶-cn-°pI am{X-a-√, Atß Znhy-ip-
{iq-j-bn¬ ssIh-bv]p-hgn ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥, ktlm-Zc \n¿hn-
ti-j-amb kvt\l-Øm¬ a\p-jysc Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
Atß a°ƒ°v s]k-lm-hn-cp-s∂m-cp-°ns°m≠v Atß \ma-
Øm¬, a\p-jy-c-£-bpsS _en Ah¿ \ho-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
Atß hnip≤P\sØ kvt\l-tØmsS \bn-°p-Ibpw hN-\-
Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw IqZm-i-I-fm¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-
ØpIbpw sNøp∂p.
A ßsb{]Xnbpw ktlm- Z - c - c psS c£- b v ° p- t h- ≠ nbpw
Bflm¿∏WwsNbvXv {InkvXp-hnt\mSv A\p-cq-]-cm-Im\pw
hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw Atß°v \nc-¥cw km£yw-
h-ln-°m\pw Ah¿ ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂p.
BI-bm¬, I¿Ømth, F√m amem-J-am-tcmSpw hnip-≤-tcmSpw
tN¿∂v Aßsb {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Rßfpw BÀm-Z]q¿hw
{]tLm-jn-°p∂p:
]cn-ip-≤≥...
]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´wkzoI-cn® sa{Xms‚ ]cm-a¿iw Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-
°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bmK {]m¿Y-\-bn¬, \h-sa-{Xms‚ {]tXyI

D]m¿∏-W{- ]m¿Y\ (Hanc igitur) sNm√p∂p:
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS KW--Ønte°v
Db¿Øm≥ Aßv X - n-cp-hp-≈a - mb Atbm-Ky-\mb Atß Zmk≥
F\n-°p-th-≠nbpw Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ RßfpsS tkh-
\-Øn-s‚bpw Atß Ip-Spw_w apgp-hs - ‚bpw Cu ImgvN{- Zhyw
kw{]o-Xn-tbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Atß Zm\-ßƒ F∂n¬
Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ImØp-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-ta. Aß-s\,
ssZhnI\ntbm-K-Øn-eqsS Rm≥ kzoI-cn-®Xv ssZhn-I-i‡n-
bm¬ \nd-th-‰s
- ∏-Sp-am-dm-Is- ´. (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-
hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-tf-W-ta, Bta≥).
as‰mcp sa{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p:
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS KW-Øn-te°v
Db¿Øm≥ Aßv Xncp- h p- ≈ - a mb Atß Zmk≥ N. \p
th≠nbpw Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ Rß-fpsS tkh-\-
Øn-s‚bpw Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw
kw{]o-Xn-tbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßp \evInb Zm\-ßƒ
Ct±lØn¬ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ImØp-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNø-
W-ta. Aßs\ ssZhnI\ntbm-K-Øn-eqsS At±lw kzoI-cn-
®Xv ssZhn-I-i-‡n-bm¬ \nd-thd-s∏-Sp-am-dm-I-s´. (Rß-fpsS
I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-fW - t- a,
Bta≥).
(b) c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b
- n¬ H∂m-bn-t®¿°-Ws
- a∂v Xmgva-
tbmsS At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw, \h-sa-{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p:
I¿Øm-th, temI-saßpw hym]n-®p-In-S-°p∂ Atß
k`sb Hm¿°-Wt- a. Rß-fpsS ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hmb N. ] - m-∏m-
tbmSpw (R-ß-fpsS cq]-Xm[y-£-\mb N. sa-{Xm-t\mSpw) N.
k`-bpsS CS-b-\mbn C∂p \evIm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-amb
Atbm-Ky-Zm-k-\mb Ft∂mSpw sshZnIKW-tØmSpsamØv
k`sb Aßv kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿W-Xb - n-se-Øn-°W
- t- a.
as‰mcp sa{Xm≥ sNm√p∂p:

k`sb Hm¿°-Wt- a. Rß-fpsS ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hmb N. ] - m-∏-
mtbmSpw (R-ßf - mb N. s
- psS cq]-Xm[y-£\ - a-{Xm-t\mSpw) Atß
Atbm-Ky- Zm-k\ - mb Ft∂mSpw N. k`-bpsS CS-b\ - mbn C∂v
\evIm≥ Aßp Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß Zmk≥ N.-t\mSpw
sshZnIKW-tØmSpsamØv k`sb Aßv kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿W-
X-bn-se-Øn-°W
- t- a.
Dbn¿∏ns‚ {]Xym-i-tbm-sS...
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, c£bpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n°m≥
CS-bm-°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw,
\h-sa-{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. ]m-∏m-tbmSpw (R-ß-
fpsS cq]-Xm-[y-£-\mb N. sa{Xm-t\m-Spw) C∂v N. k`-bpsS
CS-b-\mbn A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏´ Atß Atbm-Ky -Zm-k-
\mb Ft∂mSpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-ep-≈-h-tcmSpw F√m sshZn-
I- K-Wt- ØmSpw Aßv t\Sn-sb-SpØ kIe P\-ßt- fm-Sp-samØv
Cu `qan-bn¬ Xo¿Ym-S\wsNøp∂ Atß k`sb hnizm-k-
Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw Dd∏n-°m≥ I\n-b-Wta.
Aß-bpsS Xncp-ap-ºn¬...
Atß Zm-k-\mb Rß-fpsS N. -]m-∏m-tbmSpw (R-ß-
fpsS cq-]-Xm[y-£-\m-b N. sa{Xm-t\mSpw) C∂v N. k`-bpsS
CS-b-\m-bn- A-`n-tjIw sNø-s∏´ Atß -Zm-k-≥ N. t\mSpw
sa{Xm≥]Z-hn-bn-ep-≈-ht-- cmSpw F√m sshZn-I-K-W-tØmSpw
Aßv t\Sn-sb--SpØ kIe P\-ß-tfm-Sp-samØv Cu `qan-bn¬
Xo¿Ym-S-\w-sN-øp∂ Atß k-`sb hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-
Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-b-W-ta.
(d) {]tXyI Bap-JK - oXn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, \mem-asØ kvtXm{X-

bm-K{- ]m¿Y\ D]--tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X- mWv; CXns‚ a[y-ÿ{- ]m¿Y-\I - f
- n¬,
{InkvXp-hn¬ Hcp kPo-h_ - e
- n-bmbn ]cn-Wa- n-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂o hm°p-
Iƒ°p-ti-jw, \h-sa-{Xm≥ sNm√p∂p:
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, B¿s°-√mw-th≠n Rßƒ Cu
_en-b¿∏n-°p-∂p-thm, Ah-sc-sb√mw Aßv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°-W-
ta. hninjym Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb ]m∏m N. s .-- bbpw (R-ßf
- psS
cq]-Xm[y-£\ - mb N. sa-{Xm-s\bpw) Atß P\-Øns‚ ip{iq-
jbv° - mbn C∂v Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈a- mb Atß
Atbm-Ky-Zm-k≥ Fs∂bpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-ep≈ kIescbpw
F√m sshZn-Is - cbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂h - s- cbpw ChnsS k∂n-
ln-Xc - m-bn-cn-°p-∂h - s
- cbpw Atß ka-kX v P- \- s- Øbpw Bflm¿Y-
lr-Zb
- t- ØmsS Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-hs - cbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.
am{X-a-√, Atß {InkvXp-hns‚...
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, B¿s°-√mw-th≠n Rßƒ
Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂p-thm, Ah-sc-sb√mw Aßv Ct∏mƒ
Hm¿°-W-ta. hninjy Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb ]m∏m N. -
sbbpw (R-ß-fpsS cq]-Xm-[y-£-\mb N. sa-{Xm-s\bpw)
Atß Atbm-Ky-Zm-k\mb Fs∂bpw Atß P\-Øns‚
ip{iq-j-bv°mbn C∂v Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-
amb Aß-bpsS Cu Zmk≥ N. s\bpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-
ep≈ kIescbpw F√m sshZn-I-scbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-
°p- ∂ - h - s cbpw ChnsS k∂n- l n- X - c m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ - h - s cbpw
Atß ka- k v X - P - \ - s Øbpw Bflm¿Y- l r- Z - b - t ØmsS
Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-h-scbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.
am{X-a√
- , Atß {InkvXp-hn-s‚...
Znhy-t`m-P\ - {]-`W
- nXw tbml 17, 17˛18
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]nXm-th,
Ahsc Aßv kXy- Ø m¬ hnip- ≤ o- I - c n- ° - W - t a. Aßv
Fs∂ temI-Øn-te-°-- b-®-Xp-t]m-se, Rm\pw Ahsc temI-
Øn-te-°-b-®n-cn-°p∂p (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
\h- s a- { Xm≥ kv t Xm{X- b m- K - I ¿a- Ø n¬ apJy- I m¿an- I Xzw hln- ° p-
tºmƒ sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Atß Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ kºq¿WHuj[w
Rß-fn¬ ê-a-Wn-bn-°pIbpw Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ]q¿W-Xb - n-se-
Øn-°p-Ibpw Rßsf ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, F√m-‰nepw Aßsb {]km-
Zn- ∏ n- ° m≥ Rßƒ {]m]v X - c m- I p- I bpw sNøpam- d m- I - s ´.
I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm≥]´-{Iaw \S-Øp∂ sa{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-bm-K-I¿a-Øns‚ apJy-
Im¿an-I-s\-¶n¬, sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Cu cl-ky-Øns‚ i‡n-bm¬, sa{Xm-\mb
Atß Cu Zmk≥ N. ¬ Atß Ir]m-Zm-\ß - ƒ h¿[n-∏n-°W- t- a.
Aß-s\, AP-]m-e\ - [
- ¿a-Øm¬ Aßsb k-ap-NnXw Ct±lw
ip{iq-jn-°p-Ibpw hniz-kX v ]
- c
- n-]m-e\
- Ø
- ns‚ \nXy-kΩ- m-\ß- ƒ
t\Sp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Znhy-]q-P-bpsS kam-]-\m-io¿hmZw
\hsa-{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-bm-KI - ¿a-Øn¬ apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-tºmƒ, P\-
ß-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒhn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-®,v , Cu Bio¿hmZw \evIp∂p:
ssZh-ta, Atß P\sØ HuZm-cy-tØmsS Aßv ]cn-]m-
en-°p-Ibpw kvt\lw-sIm≠v `cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-ht- √m. Aßv
`c-Wm-[n-Imcw \evIn-bh
- ¿°v ⁄m\-Øns‚ ssNX\yw \evI-
Wta. Aßs\, hnip-≤- AP-KW - Ø
- ns‚ A`n-hr≤n-bn¬\n∂pf-
hm-Ip-∂h - s
- b√mw AP-]m-eI
- cpsS k\m-X\ kt¥m-ja - mbn `hn-
°p-am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥
Atß aln-a-bpsS i‡n-bm¬ Aßv Rß-fpsS Zn\-
ß-fpsS FÆhpw Ime-ß-fpsS ssZ¿Lyhpw {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂p-
h-t√m. R--ß-fpsS Ffn-a-bpsS ip{iqj I\n-thmsS ISm-£n-
°p-Ibpw Rß-fpsS Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ Atß kam-[m-\-
Øns‚ kºq¿W-k-ar≤n sNmcn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Atß Ir]-hg- n, sa{Xm≥KW-Øn-te°v Aßv Db¿Øm≥
Xncp-hp-≈a- mb F∂nepw ip{iq-jm-[¿a-ßƒ Atß°v {]oXn-Ic - -
am-°n, ê-{]m-]Xv n-bn-se-Øn-°W- t- a. P\-ßf
- p-sSbpw AP-]m-eI - -
cp-sSbpw lrZbßƒ \bn-°W - t- a. Aß-s\, AP-]m-eI - t- cm-Sp≈
AP-K-W-ß-fpsS A\p-k-cWw Hcn-°epw Ipd-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

AP-]m-e\ip{iqj AP-K-W-ßƒ°v Hcn-°epw \jvS-am-Im-
Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Chn-sS- Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf F√m-h-scbpw k¿h-
i-‡\- m-b- ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ?]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ?
A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is- ´.
R. Bta≥.
F∂m¬, sa{Xm≥]-´{- I-aØ- nse {][m-\I
- m¿an-I\- mb sa{Xm\mWv kvtXm{X-
bm-KI
- ¿a-Øn¬ apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬, \h- sa-{Xm-s‚-ta¬
ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn®v Cu Bio¿hmZw \S-Øp∂p:
I¿Ømhv Xm¶sf Xs‚ P\-Øn\p alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-
\mbn \ntbm-Kn-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-am-b-Xp-t]m-se, Ahn-S∂v
Xm¶sf A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNøs´; Aß-
s\, Ahn-S∂v Cl-tem-IØv Xm¶sf k-t¥m-j-`-cn-X-\m-°p-
Ibpw ]c-tem-IØv \nXym-\-μ-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm≥ CS-bm-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Ahn-SsØ klm-b-Øm¬ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´m≥ I¿Ømhv
Xncp-hp-≈-amb sshZn-I-scbpw P\-ß-sfbpw Ahn-SsØ ]cn-
]m-e-\-Ømepw Xm¶-fpsS Imcy-ÿ-X-bmepw At\-Ih -- ¿jw
kt¥m-j-]q¿hw \bn-°m≥ Ahn-S∂v CS-bm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Ah¿ Znhy-Ie - v]\- I- ƒ A\p-kc- n-®p-sIm≠pw {]Xn-k‘ - n-
Iƒ Xc-Ww-sN-bvXp-sIm≠pw kI-e-\-∑-I-fmepw \nd-™p-
sIm≠pw hnizm-kt- ØmsS Xm¶fpsS ip{iq-jbv°v hnt[-bs - ∏-
´p-sIm≠pw Cl-tem-IP - o-hn-XØ
- n¬ kam-[m-\hpw im¥-Xbpw
A\p-`h- n-°p-Ibpw ]c-tem-IØ - nse ]uc-∑m-cpsS kaq-lØ - n¬
Xm¶-tfm-Sp- ]¶p-tN-cm≥ A¿lcmIpIbpw sNøpam-dm-Is´
R. Bta≥
F√m P\-ßs- fbpw, C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm≠v, At±lw Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nß-sf-sb-√m-h-scbpw k¿h-i-
‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ?]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ?
A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
B
H∂n-e[
- nIw sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS ]´-{Iaw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. eq°m 4,18
I¿Øm-hns‚ Bflmhv Fs‚-ta-ep≠v; Zcn-{Zsc kphn-
tijw Adn-bn-°m\pw lrZbw \pdp-ßn-b-hsc kpJ-s∏-Sp-
Øm\pw Ahn-S∂v Fs∂ A`n-tj-Nn-®n-cn-°p∂p (s]-k-lm-
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh- t a, Ah¿W- \ o- b - a mb Ir]m- k - a r≤n H∂p- s Im-
≠p- a m{Xw ]ptcm- l n- X - \ mb Atß Cu Zmksc Cu Zn\w
alm- ] u- t cm- l n- X y- Ø ns‚ ip{iq- j - b n- t e°v Db¿Øm≥
Aßv Xncp- h p- ≈ - a m- b - t √m. sa{Xm≥[¿aw kap- N nXw \nd-
th- ‰ m\pw F√m- ‰ nepw Atß ]cn- ] m- e \w Z¿in- ® p- s Im- ≠ v ,
`c- t a- e v ] n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂ P\sØ hm°mepw amXr- I -
bmepw \bn-°m\pw Ch¿°v A\p-{Klw \evI-W-ta. Aß-
tbm- S p- I q- s S...
AY-hm, {]tXy-In-®v Hcp cq]-X-bn¬ Xma-kn-°mØ sa{Xm∑mcpsS
]´-{I-a-Øn¬:
\nXy CS-b-\mb ssZh-ta, Atß AP-K-WsØ \nc-
¥c kwc-£-W-Øm¬ `cn-®p-sIm-≠v, sshZn-I-cmb Atß
Zmk-sc, Cu Zn\w sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kwL-Øn¬ -tN¿°m≥
Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-am-b-t√m. hnip-≤-amb Ah-cpsS Pohn-X
ssien-bm¬, {InkvXp-hns‚ b-Ym¿Y-km-£n-I-fmbn F√m-
bn- S Øpw Ah¿ {]Xy- £- s ∏- S m≥ A\p- { K- l n- ° - W - s a∂p
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Fs∂-∂pw...
\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®v, hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-
fpsS{]m¿Y\ hn´p-I-f-bp-∂p.
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w-kzo-I-cn® sa{Xm≥, kvtXm{X-bm-K-I¿a-Øn¬
apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-tºmƒ, sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS ip{iq-j-bpsS h¿[-\-bv°mbn,
Cu kvtXm{X-_en Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p-∂p. Aß-s\,
Atbm-Ky-cmb Rß-fn¬ Aßp sNmcn-bp-∂Xv, I\n-hm¿∂v
]q¿W-X-bn-se-Øn-°p-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm-`n-tjIw \S-Øp∂ Im¿an-I-\mb sa{Xm≥, kvtXm{X-bm-K-I¿a-
Øn¬ apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-tºmƒ, ]d-bp∂p:
I¿Ømth, Atß k`bv-°p-th-≠nbpw \h-ambn sa{Xm-
∑m-cmbn A`n--tj-Iw-sN-ø-s∏´ Atß Zmk¿°p-th-≠nbpw
A¿∏n® Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw Atß°p kzoIm-cy-amb Zm\-am-bn-
Øo-cs- ´. Atß- P-\Ø - n¬\n∂v alm-]p-tcm-ln-X∑ - m-cmbn Aßv
Db¿Ønb Ch-sc, AP-K-W-Øns‚ \∑-bv°p-th-≠n, A∏-
kvtXm-en-Ih- c
- Z- m-\ß
- f
- m¬ Aßv Ae-¶c - n-°W
Bap-J-KoXn: {InkvXp-hns‚ ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw ]ptcm-ln-X-cpsS ip{iq-
jbpw (p)
]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w- kzo-Ic-- n® sa{Xms‚ ]cm-a¿i\w Xmsg-s°m-SpØn-cn-
°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, Hcp \h-sa-{Xm≥ {]tXyI
D]m¿∏-W-{]m¿Y\ (Hanc igitur) sNm√p-∂p.
Db¿Øm≥ Aßv Xncp- h p- ≈ - a mb Atbm- K y- \ mb Atß
Zmk≥ F\n-°p-th-≠nbpw Atß Cu Zmk¿°p-th-≠nbpw
Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ RßfpsS tkh-\-Øn--s‚bpw
Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-Xn-
tbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßv \evInb Zm\-ßƒ Rß-fn¬
ssZhn-I-\n-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS kzoI-cn-®-Xv, ssZhnIi‡n-bm¬
\nd-th-‰-s∏-Sp-am-dm-I-s´. (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-
hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-f-W-ta, Bta≥).
as‰mcp sa{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p:

Db¿Øm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß Cu Zmk¿°p-th-≠n
Atß°p Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ RßfpsS tkh-\-Øn--s‚bpw
Atß IpSpw_w apgp-hs - ‚bpw Cu ImgvN{- Zhyw kw{]o-Xn-tbmsS
kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßv \evInb Zm\-ßƒ Chcn¬ Imcp-Wy-
]q¿hw ImØp-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNø-Wt- a. Aß-s\, ssZhn-I\ - n-
tbm-KØ- n-eqsS kzoI-cn-®X
- v, ssZhnIi‡n-bm¬ \nd-th-‰s - ∏-Sp-
am-dm-I-s´. (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-hgn Rßƒ
ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-fW - t- a, Bta≥).
- n¬ H∂m-bn-t®¿°-Ws
- a∂v Xmgva-
tbmsS At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw Hcp \h- sa-{Xm≥
]d-bp∂p:
tbmSpw (R-ß-fpsS cq]Xm[y-£-\mb N. -sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw) C∂v
k`-bpsS CS-b-∑m-cmbn \evIm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atbm-
Ky-\mb Atß Zmk≥ Ft∂mSpw Atß Cu Zmk-tcmSpw
sshZn-I-K-W-tØm-Sp-samØv k`sb Aßv kvt\l-Øns‚
]q¿W-X-bn¬ FØn-°-W-ta.
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m-¿Y\-bn¬ c£bpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥
CS-bm-°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw
Hcp \h-sa-{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. ]m-∏m- tbmSpw (R-ßf - psS
cq]Xm[y-£\ - mb N. sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw) C∂v k`-bpsS CS-b∑- m-
cmbn A`n- t j- I w- s N- ø - s ∏´ Atß Atbm- K yZmk\mb
Ft∂mSpw Atß Cu Zmk-tcmSpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-ep-≈h - -
tcmSpw F√m sshZn-IK - W- tØmSpw Aßv t\Sn-sb-SpØ kIe
P\-ßt- fm-Sp-samØv Cu `qan-bn¬ Xo¿Ym-S\ - w-sN-øp∂ Atß
k`sb hnizm-kØ - nepw kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-bW- ta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

- oXn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, \mem-asØ kvtXm{X-
bmK {]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X - mWv; CXns‚ a[y-ÿ{- ]m¿Y-\I - f
- n¬,
{InkvXp-hns‚ Hcp kPo-h_- e
- n-bmbn ]cn-Wa - n-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂o hm°p-
Iƒ°p-ti-jw, \h-sa-{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p:
_en-b¿∏n-°p-∂p-thm, Ah-sc-sb√mw Aßv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°-
Wta. hninjy Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb N. ]m∏msbbpw (R-ß-
fpsS cq-]X - mb N. sa{Xm-s\-bpw) Atß P\-Øns‚
- m[y-£\
ip{iq-jb- v°mbn C∂v Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈a - mb
Atß Atbm-Ky-Zm-k≥ Fs∂bpw Atß Cu Zmk-scbpw
sa{Xm≥]Z-hn-bn-ep≈ kI-e-scbpw F√m sshZn-I-scbpw Cu
_en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-h-scbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-
scbpw Atß kakvXP\-sØbpw Bflm¿Y-lr-Z-b-tØmsS
Atß tXSp∂ F√m-h-scbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.
am{X-a-√, Atß {InkvXp-hn-s‚...
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw tbml 17,17˛18
Ahsc Aßv kXy-Øm¬ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-W-ta. Aßv Fs∂
temI-Øn-te-°b -- -®-Xp-t]m-se, Rm\pw Ahsc temI-Øn-te-
°-b-®n-cn-°p∂p (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
\h-sa-{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-bm-K-I¿a-Øn¬ apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-tºmƒ
sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Atß Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ kºq¿W Huj[w
Rß-fn¬ ê-a-Wn-bn-°p-Ibpw Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ]q¿W-X-bn-
se-Øn-°p-Ibpw Rßsf ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ws - a∂v
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, F√m-‰nepw Aßsb {]km-
Zn-∏n-°m≥ Rßƒ {]m]vX-cm-Ip-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm≥]´-{Iaw \S-Øp∂ sa{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-bm-K-I¿a-Øns‚ apJy-

Im¿an-I-\msW-¶n¬, sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Cu cl-ky-Øns‚ i‡n-bm¬, sa{Xm-
∑mcmb Atß Cu Zmkcn¬ Atß Ir]m-Zm-\ß - ƒ h¿[n-∏n-
°-W-ta. Aß-s\, AP-]m-e-\-[¿a-Øm¬ Aßsb bYm-
tbmKyw Ch¿ ip{iq-jn-°p-Ibpw hniz-kvX] - c
- n-]m-e\
- Ø
- ns‚
\nXy-kΩ- m-\ß
- ƒ t\Sp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is
- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
\hsa-{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-bm-KI
- ¿a-Øn¬ apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-tºmƒ, P\-
ß-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒhn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-®v Cu Bio¿hmZw \evIp∂p:
ssZh-ta, Atß P\sØ HuZm-cy-Øm¬ Aßv ]cn-]m-
en-°p-Ibpw kvt\lw-sIm≠v `cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-h-t√m.
Aßv `c-Wm-[n-Imcw \evIn-bh - ¿°v ⁄m\-Øns‚ ssNX\yw
\evI-Wta. Aßs\, hnip-≤AP-K-W-Øns‚ A`n-hr-≤n-
bn¬\n- ∂ p- f - h m- I p- ∂ - h - s b√mw AP- ] m- e - I cpsS k\m- X \
kt¥m-j-ambn `hn-°p-am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥.
Atß aln-a-bpsS i‡n-bm¬ Aßv Rß-fpsS Zn\-
ß-fpsS FÆhpw Ime-ß-fpsS ssZ¿Lyhpw {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂p-
h-t√m. R--ß-fpsS Ffn-a-bpsS ip{iqj I\n-thmsS ISm-£n-
°p-Ibpw Rß-fpsS Cu Ime-bf - h
- n¬ Atß kam-[m-\Ø
- ns‚
kºq¿W-k-ar≤n sNmcn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
AtßIr]- h - g n, sa{Xm≥KW- Ø n- t e°v Aßv
Db¿Øm≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Rßfnepw ip{iq-jm-[¿a-ßƒ
Atß°v {]oXn-I-c-am-°n, ê-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øn-°-W-ta. P\-
ß-fp-sSbpw AP-]m-e-I-cp-sSbpw lrZbßƒ \bn-°-W-ta.
Aß-s\, AP-]m-e-ItcmSp≈ AP-K-W-ß-fpsS A\p-k-cWw
Hcn-°epw Ipd-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw AP-]m-e\ip{iqj AP-K-W-
ßƒ°v Hcn-°epw \jvS-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Chn-sS- Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf F√m-h-scbpw k¿h-i-

‡-\m-b- ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ? ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ?
R. Bta≥.
F∂m¬, sa{Xm≥]-´-{I-a-Ønse {][m-\-Im¿an-I-\mb sa{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-
bm-K-I¿a-Øn¬ apJy-Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬, \h -sa-{Xm-∑mcpsS-
ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn®v Cu Bio¿hmZw \S-Øp∂p:
I¿Ømhv \nßsf Xs‚ P\-Øn\p alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-
cmbn \ntbm-Kn-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-am-b-Xp-t]m-se, Ahn-S∂v
\nßsf A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNøs´; Aß-
s\, Ahn-S∂v Cl-tem-IØv \nßsf k-t¥m-j-`-cn-X-cm-°p-
Ibpw ]c-tem-IØv \nXym-\-μ-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm≥ CS-bm-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Ahn-SsØ klm-b-Øm¬ Hcp-an-®pIqSm≥ I¿Ømhv
Xncp-hp-≈-amb sshZn-I-scbpw P\-ß-sfbpw Ahn-SsØ ]cn-
]m-e-\-Ømepw \nßfpsS Imcy-ÿ-X-bmepw At\-I-h¿jw
kt¥m-j-]q¿hw \bn-°m≥ Ahn-S∂v CS-bm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Ah¿ Znhy-I-ev]-\-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm≠pw {]Xn-k-
‘n-Iƒ Xc-Ww-sN-bvXp-sIm≠pw kI-e-\-∑-I-fmepw \nd-™p-
sIm≠pw hnizm-k-tØmsS \nßfpsS ip{iq-jbv°v hnt[-b-
s∏-´p-sIm≠pw Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ kam-[m-\hpw im¥-
Xbpw A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw ]c-tem-I-Ønse ]uc-∑m-cpsS kaq-
l-Øn¬ \nß-tfm-Sp-IqsS ]¶p-tN-cm≥ A¿lcmIpIbpw sNøp-
am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥.
F√m P\-ßs
- fbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm≠v At±lw Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ? ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ?
R. Bta≥.
2. sshZn-Ic
- psS ]´-{Iaw
atlm-’-h-ßƒ, BK-a-\-Im-ew, s]k-lm-°mew F∂n-h-bnse Rmb-
dm-gvN-Iƒ, s]klm AjvT-Zn-\-ßƒ F∂nh Hgn-tI-bp≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬
sh≈-\n-d-tØm-sS-tbm Xncp-\m-fns‚ \nd-tØm-sStbm Cu I¿am-\p-jvTm-
\-]qP \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Znh-k-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ AX-
Xp-Zn-h-ksØ Znhy-]qP sNm√p-∂p.
A
H∂n-e[
- nIw sshZn-Ic
- psS ]´-{Iaw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Psd 3,15
F\n-°n-jvS-s∏´ CS-b-∑msc Rm≥ \nßƒ°p Xcpw.
Ah¿ ⁄m\-tØmSpw hnth-I-tØm-Spw-IqsS \nß-sf- ]m-
en°pw (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-ta, Atß P\sØ `cn-
°p-∂X - n-\v, sshZn-Ic
- psS ip{iqj Aßv {]tbm-P\-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂p-ht- √m. C∂v sshZn-Ii - p-{iqjbnte°v Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥
Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß k`-bpsS Cu Uo°-∑m¿°v, Atß Xncp-
a-\- n-t\m-Sp≈ \nc-¥chnt[-bXzw \evI-W-ta. Aß-s\,
AhcpsS ip{iq-jm-[¿a-Ømepw Pohn-XØ - mepw {InkvXp-hn¬
Atß alØzw {]m]n-°m≥ Ah¿ {]m]vX-cm-Ip-am-dm-I-s´.
Fs∂-∂pw...
\n¿tZ-i-ß-f-\p-k-cn-®v, hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Atß ]ptcm-ln-X¿ hnip≤ AƒØm-cs - bbpw
Atß P\-sØbpw ip{iq-jn-°m≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-am-b-t√m.
Cu _en- b psS i‡n- b m¬, Atß Zmk- c psS ip{iqj
Atß°v F∂pw {]oXn-Ic-- -am-bn--cn-°m\pw Atß k`-bn¬
Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n-ev°p∂ êw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m\pw Imcp-Wy-
]q¿hw A\p-{K-ln-°-W-ta. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Bap-JK
- oXn: {InkvXp-hns‚ ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw ]ptcm-ln-Xc
- psS ip{iq-jbpw
R : Aß-bpsS Bflm-thm-Spw- IqsS
R : AXv DNn-Xhpw \ymb-hp-a-t{X.
Aßv Ah-tcm-[n°pIbpw Atß hnkva-b-\o-b-amb ]≤-Xn-
b-\p-k-cn®v Ahn-SsØ GI]utcm-lnXyw k`-bn¬ XpS¿∂p-
t]m-Im≥ Xncp-hp-≈-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-t√m.
Fs¥-∂m¬, Ahn-S-∂p-X-s∂, kz¥-am-°-s∏´ P\sØ cmP-
Io-b-]u-tcm-lnXyØm¬ Ae-¶-cn-°pI am{X-a-√, Atß Znhy-
ip-{iq-j-bn¬ ssIh-bv]p-hgn ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥, ktlm-Zc
\n¿hn-ti-j-amb kvt\l-Øm¬ a\p-jysc Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp.
Atß a°ƒ°v s]k-lm-hn-cp-s∂m-cp-°ns°m≠v Ahn-SsØ
\ma-Øm¬, a\p-jy-c-£-bpsS _en Ah¿ \ho-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
Atß hnip≤P\sØ kvt\l-tØmsS \bn-°pIbpw hN-
\-Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw IqZm-i-I-fm¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-
Ibpw sNøp∂p.
Bflm¿∏WwsNbvXv {InkvXp-hnt\mSv- A\p-cq-]-cm-Im\pw
BI-bm¬, I¿Ømth, F√m amem- J - a m- t cmSpw hnip- ≤ -
tcmSpwtN¿∂v Aßsb {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Rßfpw BÀm-
Z-]q¿hw {]tLmjn°p∂p:
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® sshZn-I-cpsS

]cm-a¿iw Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
(a). H∂m- a sØ kv t Xm{X- b m- K - { ]m¿Y- \ - b n¬, {]tXyI D]m¿∏- W -
{]m¿Y\ (Hanc igitur) sNm√p-∂p.
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, ]utcm-lnXyip{iq-j-bn-te°v
Aßv Db¿Øm≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß Cu Zmk¿°p-th-
≠n Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ Rß-fpsS tkh-\Ø - n-s‚bpw
Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-
XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßv \evInb Zm\-ßƒ Ch-cn¬
ssZhnI\ntbm-KØ - neqsS kzoI-cn-®X
- v, ssZhnIi‡n-bm¬ \nd-
th-d-s∏-SpamdmI-s´. (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-hgn
ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-f-W-ta, Bta≥).
(b). c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ H∂m-bn-t®¿°-W-sa∂v
Xmgva-tbmsS At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw ]d-bp∂p:
tbmSpw R-ß-fpsS cq]Xm[y-£-\mb N. -sa-{Xm-t\m-SpsamØv
k`-sb Aßv kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ FØn-°-W-ta.
C∂v k`-bpsS sshZn-I-cmbn \evIm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-amb
Atß Cu Zmk-scbpw kIe sshZn-I-scbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m-¿Y\-bn¬ "c£bpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ CS-
bm-°W - s
- a∂v Rßƒ At]-£n-°p∂p' F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw ]d-bp∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. -]m-∏-mtbmSpw R-ß-
fpsS cq]Xm[y-£-\mb N. -sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw sa{Xm≥]Z-hn-bn-ep-
≈-h-tcmSpw C∂v k`-bpsS ]ptcm-lnXcmbn A`n-tj-Iw- sN-
ø-s∏´ Atß Cu Zmk-tcmSpw sshZn-I-K-WtØmSpw Aßv
t\Sn-sb-SpØ kIe P\-ß-tfm-Sp-samØv Cu `qanbn¬ Xo¿Ym-
S-\w-sN-øp∂ Atß k`sb hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw
Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-b-Wta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

bmK{]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv; CXns‚ a≤y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬,
{InkvXp-hns‚ Hcp kPo-h-_-en-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂o hm°p-
Iƒ°p-ti-jw ]d-bp∂p:
Wta. hninjy Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb N. -]m∏msbbpw R-
ß-fpsS cq-]-Xm-[y-£-\mb N. sa{Xm-s\-bpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-
bn-ep≈ kI-e-scbpw Atß P\-Øns‚ ]utcm-lnXy ip{iq-
j-°mbn C∂v Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß
Cu Zmk-scbpw F√m sshZn-I-scbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-
h-scbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-scbpw Atß
kakvX P\-sØbpw Bflm¿Y-lr-Z-b-tØmsS Aßsb
tXSp∂ F√m-h-scbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw a¿t°m 16,15;aØm 28,20
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: \nßƒ temI-sa-ßpw-t]mbn
kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-hn≥; bpKm-¥w-hsc F∂pw Rm≥ \nß-
tfm-Sp-IqsS D≠m-bn-cn°pw (s]-kl
- m-°m-eØ
- v, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm- t h, Rß- f ¿∏n- ° p- I bpw kzoI- c n- ° p- I bpw
sNbvX Cu -_en Atß ]ptcm-ln-Xscbpw Atß F√m
Zmk-scbpw D÷o-hn-∏n-°-s´. Aß-s\, \nc-¥ckvt\l-Øm¬
Aß-tbmSv H∂m-bn-t®¿∂v, Atß aln-abv°v A¿l-amb
ip{iq-j-sN-øm≥ Ah¿ tbmKy-cm-Ip-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
\h-ssh-Zn-I-cp-sSbpw P\-Øn-s‚-bpw-ta¬, sa{Xm≥ ssIIƒhn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-
®p-sIm≠v ]d-bp∂p:
k`-bpsS ÿm]-I\pw \nb-¥m-hp-amb ssZhw, ]utcm-
ln-Xy-[¿aw hniz-kvX-a-\-t msS \n¿h-ln-°m≥, Xs‚ Ir]-
bm¬ \nßsf \nc-¥cw ImØp]m-en-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Ahn-S∂v \nßsf temI-Øn¬ Znhy-kvt\-l-Øns‚bpw

kXy-Øn-s‚bpw ip{iq-j-Icpw km£n-Ifpw A\p-c-RvP-\-
Øns‚ hnizkvX Im¿an-Icpw Bbn-Øo-cm≥ CS-bm-°p-am-dm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥.
Ahn-S∂v \nßsf, {InkvXp-i-co-c-Øns‚ sFIy-Øn-
te°v IqSp-X-embn hf-cm≥, Poh-\p≈ A∏hpw Pohs‚ hN-
\hpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p \evIp∂ bYm¿Y CS-b-∑m-cpam-bn-Øo-
cm≥ CS-bm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
XpS¿∂v, C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v, F√m P\-ß-sfbpw At±lw
Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ?]cnip-≤m-flmhpw ?
R. Bta≥.
B
Hcp sshZn-Is‚ ]´-{Iaw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Psd 3,15
F\n-°n-jvS-s∏´ CS-b-∑msc Rm≥ \nßƒ°p Xcpw.
Ah¿ ⁄m\-tØmSpw hnth-It- Øm-Spw-IqsS \nß-sf- ]m-en°pw
(s]-kl
- m-°m-eØ
- v, At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-ta, Atß P\sØ
`cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v, sshZn-I-cpsS ip{iqj Aßv {]tbm-P\-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂p-h-t√m. C∂v sshZnIip{iq-j-bn-te°v Aßv Xnc-s™-
Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß k`-bpsS Cu Uo°-\v, Atß
Xncp-a-\- n-t\m-Sp≈ \nc-¥c hnt[-bØzw \evI-W-ta. Aß-
s\, Ct±-l-Øns‚ ip{iqjm[¿a-Ømepw Pohn-X-Ømepw
{InkvXphn¬ Atß alØzw {]m]n-°m≥ Ct±lw {]m]vX-
\m-Ip-am-dm-I-s´. Fs∂-∂pw...
\n¿tZ-i-ß-f-\p-k-cn-®v, hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Atß ]ptcm-ln-X≥ hnip≤ AƒØm-c-
sbbpw Atß P\-sØbpw ip{iq-jn-°m≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-
am-b-t√m. Cu _en-bpsS i‡n-bm¬, Atß Zmk-s‚ ip{iqj
Atß°v F∂pw {]oXn-Ic-- -am-bn--cn-°m\pw Atß k`-bn¬
Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n-ev°p∂ êw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m\pw Imcp-
Wy-]q¿hw A\p-{K-ln-°-W-ta. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Bap-JK
- oXn: {InkvXp-hns‚ ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw ]ptcm-ln-Xc
- psS ip{iq-jbpw
b-\p-k-cn®v Ahn-SsØ GI]utcm-lnXyw k`-bn¬ XpS¿∂p-
t]m-Im≥ Xncp-hp-≈-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-t√m.
b-]u-tcm-lnXyØm¬ Ae-¶-cn-°pI am{X-a-√, Atß Znhy-ip-
{iq-j-bn¬ ssIh-bv]p-hgn ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥, ktlm-Zc \n¿hn-
ti-j-amb kvt\l-Øm¬ a\p-jysc Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
Atß a°ƒ°v s]k-lm-hn-cp-s∂m-cp-°ns°m≠v Atß \ma-
Øm¬, a\p-jy-c-£-bpsS _en Ah¿ \ho-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
Atß hnip≤P\sØ kvt\l-tØmsS \bn-°p-Ibpw hN-
\-Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw IqZm-i-I-fm¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-
Ibpw sNøp∂p.

tcmSpwtN¿∂v Aßsb {]Io¿Øn®p-sIm≠v Rßfpw BÀm-
Z]q¿hw {]tLm-jn°p∂p:
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® sshZn-Is‚
]cm-a¿iw Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
{]m¿Y\ (Hanc igitur) sNm√p-∂p:
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, ]utcm-lnXyip{iq-j-bn-te°v
Aßv Db¿Øm≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß Cu Zmk\p-th-≠n
Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ Rß-fpsS tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw
Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-
XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßv \evInb Zm\-ßƒ Cbmfn¬
ssZhnI\ntbm-KØ - neqsS kzoI-cn-®X
- v, ssZhnIi‡n-bm¬ \nd-
ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-tf-W-ta, Bta≥).
Xmgva-tbmsS At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw; ]d-bp∂p:
tbmSpw R-ßf- psS cq]Xm[y-£\- mb N. s- a-{Xm-t\m-SpsamØv
C∂,v k`-bpsS sshZn-I\
- mbn \evIm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a - mb
Atß Cu Zmk-s\bpw kIe sshZn-Is - cbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.

]d-bp∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. ] - m-∏m-tbmSpw R-ßf- psS
cq]Xm[y-£-\mb N. -sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-ep-≈-h-
tcmSpw C∂v k`-bpsS ]ptcm-lnX\mbn A`n-tj-Iw-sN-ø-s∏´
Atß Cu Zmk-t\mSpw sshZn-I-K-WtØmSpw Aßv t\Sn-sb-
SpØ kIe P\-ß-tfm-Sp-samØv Cu `qanbn¬ Xo¿Ym-S-\w-
sN-øp∂ Atß k`sb hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-
∏n-°m≥ I\n-b-Wta.
(d) {]- t XyI Bap- J - K oXn D]- t bm- K n- ° p- ∂ n- s √- ¶ n¬, \mem- a sØ
kvtXm{X-bmK{]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. CXns‚ a[y-ÿ-
{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬, {InkvXp-hns‚ Hcp kPo-h-_-en-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-am-
dm-Is´ F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, sNm√p∂p:
Wta. hninjy Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb N. ]m∏msbbpw R-ßf - psS
cq-]-Xm-[y-£-\mb N. sa{Xm-s\-bpw sa{Xm≥]Z-hn-bn-ep≈
kI-e-scbpw Atß P\-Øns‚ ]utcm-lnXyip{iq-jbv-
°mbn C∂v, Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß
Cu Zmk-s\bpw F√m sshZn-I-scbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw a¿t°m 16, 15; aØm 28, 20
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: \nßƒ temI-sa-ßpw-t]mbn
kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-hn≥; bpKm-¥w-hsc F∂pw Rm≥ \nß-
tfm-Sp-IqsS D≠m-bn-cn°pw (s]-kl
- m-°m-eØ
- v, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Rß-f¿∏n-°p-Ibpw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
Znhy-_en Atß ]ptcm-ln-Xscbpw Atß F√m Zmk-scbpw
D÷o-hn-∏n-°s
- ´. Aß-s\, \nc-¥ckvt\l-Øm¬ Aß-tbmSv
H∂m-bn-t®¿∂v, Atß aln-abv°v A¿l-amb ip{iq-js - N-øm≥
Ah¿ tbmKy-cm-Ip-am-dm-Is
- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm≥, \h-ssh-Zn-Is‚bpw P\-Øn-s‚-bpw-ta¬ ssIIƒhn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-®p-
sIm≠v ]d-bp∂p:
k`-bpsS ÿm]-I\pw \nb-¥m-hp-amb ssZhw, ]utcm-
ln-Xy-[¿aw hniz-kvX-a-\-t msS \n¿h-ln-°m≥, Xs‚ Ir]-
bm¬ \ns∂ \nc-¥cw ImØp]m-en-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Ahn-S∂v \ns∂, temI-Øn¬ Znhy-kvt\-lØ - ns‚bpw
kXy-Øn-s‚bpw ip{iq-jI
- \pw km£n-bpw A\p-cR
- P v \
- Ø- ns‚
hnizkvXIm¿an-I\pw Bbn-Øo-cm≥ CS-bm-°p-am-dm-Is - ´.
R. Bta≥.
Ahn-S∂v \ns∂, {InkvXp-i-co-c-Øns‚ sFIy-Øn-te°v
IqSp-X-embn hf-cm≥, Poh-\p≈ A∏hpw Pohs‚ hN-\hpw
hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p \evIp∂ bYm¿Y CS-b-\m-bn-Øo-cm≥ CS-
bm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
XpS¿∂v, F√m P\-ß-sfbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v, At±lw
Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ? ]cnip-≤m-flmhpw ?
R. Bta≥.
3. Uo°-∑m-cpsS ]´-{Iaw
atlm-’-h-ßƒ, BK-a-\-Im-ew, X]- p-Im-ew, s]k-lm-°mew F∂n-
h-bnse Rmb-dm-gvN-Iƒ, s]klm AjvT-Zn-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-sbm-gn-tI-
bp≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ sh≈-\n-d-tØm-sStbm Xncp-\m-fns‚ \nd-tØm-
sStbm Cu I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-]qP \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Znh-k-ß-fn¬
\S-Ø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ AXXp Znh-ksØ Znhy-]qP sNm√p-∂p.
A
H∂n-e[
- nIw Uo°-∑m-cpsS ]´-{Iaw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw tbml 12,26
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: Fs∂ ip{iq-jn-°p-∂-h≥
Fs∂ A\p-K-an-°s´; At∏mƒ Rm\m-bn-cn-°p-∂n-SØv Fs‚
ip{iq-j-I\pw Bbn-cn°pw (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
AXyp-∂-X-ß-fn¬ sNm√p-∂p.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, ip{iq-jn-°s - ∏-Sm-\√ ktlm-Zc - sc ip{iq-jn-°m-
\mWv Atß k`-bpsS ip{iq-jI - ¿ B{K-ln-t°-≠s - X∂v Aßv
]Tn-∏n-®p-ht- √m. C∂v Uo°≥ip{iq-jb - n-te°v Aßv Xnc-s™-
Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß Cu Zmk¿°v {]h¿Ø-\Ø - n¬
{]mho-Wyhpw ip{iq-jb - n¬ kua-\k - yhpw {]m¿Y-\b - n¬ ÿnc-
Xbpw \evIW - s- a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
\n¿tZ-i-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p-∂p, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
]cn-ip-≤\
- mb ]nXm-th, Rßƒ°p amXrI \evIm≥,
Atß ]p{X≥ injy-cpsS ]mZ-ßƒ Igp-Im≥ Xncp-hp-≈a - m-bt- √m.
Rß-fpsS ip{iq-jb - psS Cu ImWn-°I - ƒ kzoI-cn-°W - s- a∂v
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, Rß-sf-Øs∂ Bflob_en-
bmbn A¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠,v Rßƒ Ffn-ab - p-sSbpw Xo£vWX - b
- p-
sSbpw ssNX-\y-Øm¬ \nd-bm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°W- t- a. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Bap-J-Ko-Xn. {InkvXp, k`-bnse F√m ip{iq-j-I-fp-sSbpw t{kmX v

b-\p-k-cn®v Atß GI]utcm-lnXyw k`-bn¬ XpS¿∂p-t]m-
Fs¥-∂m¬, AßpXs∂, kz¥-am-°-s∏´ P\sØ cmP-Io-
b-]u-tcm-lnXyØm¬ Ae-¶-cn-°pI am{X-a-√, Atß Znhy-
Ibpw sNbvXp.
Atß hnip≤P\sØ Ah¿ kvt\l-tØmsS \bn-°p-Ibpw
hN-\-Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw IqZm-i-I-fm¬ i‡n-s∏-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
tcmSpwtN¿∂v Aßsb {]Io¿Øn®p-sIm≠v Rßfpw BÀm-Z
]q¿hw {]tLmjn-°p∂p:
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® Uo°-∑m-cpsS

]cm-a¿i\w Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, Uo°≥ ip{iq-jb - n-te°v Aßv
Db¿Øm≥ Xncp- h p- ≈ - a mb Atß Cu Zmk¿°p- t h- ≠ n
Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ Rß-fpsS tkh-\Ø - n-s‚bpw Atß
IpSpw_w apgp-hs - ‚bpw Cu ImgvN{- Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-
cn-°p-Ibpw Aßv \evInb Zm\-ßƒ Chcn¬ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw
ImØp-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNø-Wt- a. Aß-s\, ssZhnI\ntbm-K-
ØneqsS kzoI-cn-®X - ,v ssZhnIi‡n-bm¬ \nd-th-ds - ∏-SpamdmI-
s´. (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\
tI´-cp-tf-Wt- a, Bta≥).
Xmgva-tbmsS At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw ]d-bp∂p:
k`sb Hm¿°-Wt- a. Rß-fpsS ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hmb N.- ]m-∏m-
tbmSpw R-ß-fpsS cq]Xm[y-£-\mb N. -sa-{Xm-t\m-SpsamØv
C∂,v k`-bpsS ip{iqjIcmbn \evIm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-
amb Atß Cu Zmk-scbpw kIe sshZn-Is - cbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.
sNm√p∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. ]m-∏m- tbmSpw R-ßf - psS
cq]Xm[y-£\ - mb N. s
- a-{Xm-t\m-Spw sa{Xm≥]Z-hn-bn-ep-≈h
- t- cmSpw
C∂v, k`-bpsS ip{iqjIcmbn `cta‰ Atß Cu Zmk-tcmSpw
sshZn-IK
- W
- tØmSpw Aßv t\Sn-sb-SpØ kIe P\-ßt- fm-Sp-
samØv Cu `qanbn¬ Xo¿Ym-S\ - w-sN-øp∂ Atß k`sb hnizm-
k-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-bW - ta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

bmK {]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv; CXns‚ a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-
fn¬, {InkvXp-hns‚ Hcp kPo-h-_-en-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂o
hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, ]d-bp∂p:
_en-b¿∏n-°p-∂p-thm, Ah-sc-sb√mw Aßv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°-Wta.
hninjy Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb N. ]m∏m-sbbpw R-ßf - psS cq-]-
Xm-[y-£\ - mb N. sa{Xm-s\-bpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-ep≈ kI-e-
scbpw Atß P\-Øns‚ Uo°≥ip{iq-jb - v°mbn C∂v, Aßv
Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß Cu Zmk-scbpw F√m
sshZn-Is - cbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂h - s
- cbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-
X-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂h- s
- cbpw Atß kakvX P\-sØbpw Bflm¿Y-
lr-Zb- t- ØmsS Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-hs - cbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.
am{X-a√
- , Atß {InkvXp-hn-s‚...
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw aØm 20, 28
a\pjy]p{X≥ h∂ncn°p∂Xv ip{iqjn°s∏Sm\√,
ip{iqjn°m\pw At\IcpsS tamN\{Zhyambn kzPoh≥
sImSp°m\pamWv (s]klm°meØv, At√eqbm).
I¿Ømth, kz¿Kobt`mP\Ømepw ]m\obØmepw
Aßv ]cn]qcnXcm°nb Atß Zmk¿, Atß alØzØn\pw
hnizmknIfpsS c£bv ° pwth≠n kphntijØns‚bpw
IqZmiIfpsSbpw kv t \lØns‚bpw hnizkv X cmb
ip{iqjIcmbn ImWs∏Sm≥ A\p{Kln°Wta. I¿Ømhmb...
sa{Xm≥, \h-Uo°∑mcpsSbpw P\-Øn-s‚-bpw-ta¬, ssIIƒhn-cn-®p-
]n-Sn-®p-sIm≠v sNm√p∂p:
Xs‚ k`bn¬ a\pjycpsS tkh\Øn\pth≠n
\nßsf hnfn® ssZhw, F√mh¿°pwth≠n {]tXyIn®v,
]oUnX¿°pw Zcn{Z¿°pwth≠n AXoh{i≤ \nßƒ°p
\evIpamdm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
{InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°m-\p≈ ZuXyw

\evInb Ahn-S∂v Ahn-SsØ hN-\-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®p Pohn-®p-
sIm≠v AXns‚ hniz-kvXcpw Xo£vW-a-XnIfp-amb km£n-
Ifm-bn-Øo-cm≥ \nßsf klm-bn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Xs‚ cl-ky-ßf - psS kq£n-∏p-Im-cmbn \ntbm-Kn® Ahn-
S∂v \nßsf, Xs‚ ]p{X-\mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ A\p-
I¿Øm°fpw temI-Øn¬ sFIy-Øn-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øn-
s‚bpw ip{iq-j-I-cp-am-°n-Øo¿°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
XpS¿∂v, At±-lw, kIe P\-sØbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v
Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
R. Bta≥.
B
Hcp Uo°s‚ ]´{Iaw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw tbml12,26
AXyp∂Xßfn¬ sNm√p∂p.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZhta, ip{iqjn°s∏Sm\√, ktlmZcsc ip{iqjn
°m\mWv Atß k`bpsS ip{iqjI≥ B{Klnt°≠sX∂v
Aßv ]Tn∏n®pht√m. C∂v Uo°≥ ip{iqjbnte°v Aßv
Xncs™Sp°m≥ Xncphp≈amb Atß Cu Zmk\v {]h¿Ø\
Øn¬ {]mhoWyhpw ip{iqjbn¬ kua\kyhpw {]m¿Y\bn¬
ÿncXbpw \ev I Wsa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn°p∂p.
AßtbmSpIqsS...
\n¿tZißf\pkcn®v, hnizmk{]amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizmknIfpsS {]m¿Y\
hn´pIfbp∂p.
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
]cnip≤\mb ]nXmth, Rßƒ°p amXrI\evIm≥,
Atß ]p{X≥ injycpsS ]mZßƒ IgpIm≥ Aßv Xncphp≈
ambt√m. RßfpsS ip{iqjbpsS Cu ImWn°Iƒ
kzoIcn°Wsa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn°p∂p. Aßs\, Rßsf
Øs∂ Bflob_enbmbn A¿∏n®psIm≠v, Rßƒ Ffna
bpsSbpw Xo£v W XbpsSbpw ssNX\yØm¬ \ndbm≥
A\p{Kln°Wta. I¿Ømhmb...
Bap-J-Ko-Xn. {InkvXp, k`-bnse F√m ip{iq-j-I-fp-sSbpw t{kmX v

R : AXv DNn-Xhpw \ymb-hp-a-t{X
b-\p-k-cn®v Atß GI]utcm-lnXyw k`-bn¬ XpS¿∂p-t]m-
b-]u-tcm-lnXyØm¬ Ae-¶-cn-°pI am{X-a-√, Atß Znhy-
Ibpw sNbvXp.
Atß hnip≤P\sØ Ah¿ kvt\l-tØmsS \bn-°pIbpw
hN-\-Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw IqZm-i-I-fm¬ i‡n-s∏-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
tcmSpwtN¿∂v Aßsb {]Io¿Øn®p-sIm≠v Rßfpw BÀm-
Z-]q¿hw {]tLmjn-°p∂p:
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® Uo°s‚ ]cm-

a¿i\w Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
AXn-\m¬, I¿Øm-th, Uo°≥ ip{iq-j-bn-te°v Aßv
Db¿Øm≥ Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß Cu Zmk\p-th-≠n Atß°v
Rß- f ¿∏n- ° p∂ Rß- f psS tkh- \ - Ø n- s ‚bpw Atß
IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS
kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßv \-evInb Zm\-ßƒ Ct±lØn¬ Imcp-
Wy- ] q¿hw ImØp- ] m- e n- ° p- I bpw sNø- W - t a. Aß- s \,
ssZhnI\ntbm-KØ - neqsS kzoI-cn-®X - v, ssZhnIi‡n-bm¬ \nd-
ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-tf-W-ta, Bta≥).
Xmgva-tbmsS At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw; sNm√p∂p:
k`sb Hm¿°-Wt- a. Rß-fpsS ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hmb N. ]m-∏m-
tbmSpw R-ßf - psS cq]Xm[y-£\ - mb N. sa-{Xm-t\m-SpsamØv
k`-sb Aßv kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿W-Xb - n¬ FØn-°W - t- a. C∂v
k`-bpsS ip{iqjI\mbn \evIm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß
Cu Zmk-s\bpw kIe sshZn-Is - cbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.
sNm√p∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. ]m-∏-mtbmSpw R-ß-
fpsS cq]Xm[y-£-\mb N. -sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-
ep-≈-h-tcmSpw C∂v k`-bpsS ip{iqjI\mbn `cta‰ Atß
Cu Zmk-t\mSpw sshZn-I-K-WtØmSpw Aßv t\Sn-sb-SpØ
kIe P\-ß-tfm-Sp-samØv Cu `qanbn¬ Xo¿Ym-S-\w-sN-
øp∂ Atß k`sb hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-
∏n-°m≥ I\n-b-Wta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

bmK {]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X - mWv; CXns‚ a[y-ÿ{- ]m¿Y-\I - f
- n¬,
Iƒ°p-ti-jw, ]d-bp∂p:
Wta. hninjy Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb N. ]m∏m-sbbpw R-ß-
fpsS cq-]-Xm[[y-£-\mb N. sa{Xm-s\-bpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-
ep≈ kI- e - s cbpw Atß P\- Ø ns‚ Uo°≥ip{iq- j -
bv°mbn C∂v AßvXnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß
Cu Zmk-s\bpw F√m sshZn-I-scbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-
I¿Ømth, kz¿Kobt`mP\Ømepw ]m\obØmepw
Aßv ]cn]qcnXcm°nb Atß Zmk¿, AtßalØzØn\pw
IqZmiIfpsSbpw kvt\lØns‚bpw hnizkvXcmb
ip{iqjIcmbn ImWs∏Sm≥ A\p{Kln°Wta.
I¿Ømhmb...
sa{Xm≥, \h-Uo°s‚bpw P\-Øn-s‚-bpw-ta¬ ssIIƒhn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-®v
sNm√p∂p:
Xs‚ k`bn¬ a\pjycpsS tkh\Øn\pth≠n \ns∂
hnfn® ssZhw, F√mh¿°pwth≠n {]tXyIn®v, ]oUnX¿°pw
Zcn{Z¿°pwth≠n AXoh{i≤ \n\°v \evIpamdm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
{InkvXphns‚ kphntijw {]kwKn°m\p≈ ZuXyw
\evInb AhnS∂v AhnSsØ hN\Øn\\pkcn®p
Pohn®psIm≠v, AXns‚ hnizkvX\pw Xo£vWaXnbpamb
km£nbmbnØocm≥ \ns∂ klmbn°pamdmIs´.
R. Bta≥.
Xs‚ clkyßfpsS kq£n∏pImc\mbn \ntbmKn®
AhnS∂v \ns∂, Xs‚ ]p{X\mb tbip{Inkv X phns‚
A\pI¿Ømhpw temIØn¬ sFIyØns‚bpw kam[m\Øn
s‚bpw ip{iqjI\pam°nØo¿°pamdmIs´.
R. Bta≥.
XpS¿∂v, kIe P\-sØbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v, At±lw
Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ?]cnip-≤m-flmhpw ?
R. Bta≥.
4. Uo°∑mcpsSbpw ]ptcmlnXcpsSbpw
H∂n®p≈ ]´{Iaw
atlm-’h - ß - ƒ, BK-a\- I
- m-ew, X]- p-Im-ew, s]k-lm-°mew F∂n-hb - nse
Rmb-dm-gN v I- ƒ, s]klm AjvTZ- n-\ß - ƒ F∂n-hs - bm-gn-tI-bp≈ Znh-k-
ß- f n¬ sh≈- \ n- d - t Øm- s Stbm Xncp- \ m- f ns‚ \nd- t Øm- s Stbm
Uo°∑mcpsSbpw ]ptcmlnXcpsSbpw H∂n®p≈ ]´{IaØns‚ Cu I¿am-
\p-jvTm-\]- qP \S-Øm-hp-∂X - m-Wv. Cu Znh-kß - f
- n¬ \S-Øs - ∏-Sp-tºmƒ
AXXp Znh-ksØ Znhy-]qP sNm√p-∂p.
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw tbml 12, 26
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZhta, Atß P\Øn\v CSb∑msc \evIm≥ Aßv
Xncphp≈ambt√m. Atß Cu Zmksc Atß AƒØmc
bn¬ tbmKycmb ip{iqjIcpw Atß kphntijØns‚
Du¿÷kzecpw im¥ioecpamb {]tLmjIcpambnØocm≥
Atß k`bn¬ `‡nbpsSbpw ssÿcyØns‚bpw ssNX\yw
h¿jn°Wta. AßtbmSpIqsS...
\n¿t±ißf\pkcn®v hnizmk{]amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizmknIfpsS
{]m¿Y\ hn´pIfbp∂p.
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
]cnip≤\mb ]nXmth, Rßƒ°p amXrI\evIm≥,
Atß ]p{X≥ injycpsS ]mZßƒ IgpIm≥ Aßv Xncphp≈
ambt√m. RßfpsS ip{iqjbpsS Cu ImWn°Iƒ kzoIcn°
Wsa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn°p∂p. Aßs\, RßsfØs∂
Bflob_enbmbn A¿∏n®psIm≠v, Rßƒ FfnabpsSbpw
Xo£vWXbpsSbpw ssNX\yØm¬ \ndbm≥ A\p{Kln°Wta.
I¿Ømhmb...
Bap-J-Ko-Xn. {InkvXp k`-bnse F√m ip{iq-j-I-fp-sSbpw t{kmX v

F∂ Bap-J-KoXn sNm√p∂p (p).
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn®hcpsS ]cm-
a¿i\w Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b
- n¬, {]tXyI D]m¿∏-W {- ]m¿Y\
(Hanc igitur) sNm√p-∂p:
AXn- \ m¬, I¿Øm- t h, Uo°≥ip{iq- j - b n- t e°pw
]utcmlnXyip{iqjbnte°pw Aßv Db¿Øm≥ Xncp-hp-≈-
amb Atß Cu Zmk¿°p-th-≠nbpw Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-
°p∂ Rß-fpsS tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-
s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
Aßv \evInb Zm\-ßƒ Chcn¬ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ImØp-]m-
en-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-ta. Aß-s\, ssZhnI\ntbm-K-ØneqsS
kzoI-cn-®X
- v, ssZhnIi‡n-bm¬ \nd-th-ds
- ∏-SpamdmI-s´. (Rß-
fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-
cp-tf-W-ta, Bta≥).
(b) c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ H∂m-bn-t®¿°-W-sa∂v
Xmgva-tbmsS At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw sNm√p∂p:
tbmSpw R-ßf - mb N. s
- psS cq]Xm[y-£\ - a-{Xm-t\m-SpsamØv
C∂v k`-bpsS Uo°∑mcmbpw sshZnIcmbpw Aßv \evIm≥
Xncp-hp-≈a
- mb Atß Cu Zmk-scbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m-¿Y\-bn¬ c£bpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ CS-
bm-°W - s
- a∂v Rßƒ At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw ]d-bp∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. -]m-∏-mtbmSpw R-ß-
fpsS cq]Xm[y-£-\mb N. -sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-
ep-≈-h-tcmSpw C∂v k`-bpsS Uo°∑mcpw ]ptcmlnXcpambn
A`ntjIwsNøs∏´ Atß Cu Zmk-tcmSpw sshZn-I-K-
WtØmSpw Aßv t\Sn-sb-SpØ kIe P\-ß-tfm-Sp-samØv
Cu `qanbn¬ Xo¿Ym-S-\w-sN-øp∂ Atß k`sb hnizm-k-
Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-b-Wta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

bmK{]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X - mWv; CXns‚ a[y-ÿ{- ]m¿Y-\I - f
- n¬,
Iƒ°p-ti-jw sNm√p∂p:
Wta. hninjy Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb N. ]m∏m-sbbpw R-ß-
fpsS cq-]X - mb N. sa{Xm-s\-bpw sa{Xm≥]Z-hn-bn-ep≈
- m-[y-£\
kI-e-scbpw Atß P\-Øns‚ Uo°≥ip{iq-j°pw ]utcm
lnXy ip{iqjbv°pambn C∂v Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-
hp-≈-amb Cu Zmk-scbpw F√m sshZn-I-scbpw Cu _en-
b¿∏n-°p-∂-h-scbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-scbpw
Atß kakvX P\-sØbpw Bflm¿Y-lr-Zb - t- ØmsS Aßsb
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw tbml 17,17˛18
Ahsc Aßv kXy- Ø m¬ hnip- ≤ o- I - c n- ° - W - t a. Aßv
Fs∂ temI-Øn-te-°b -- -®-Xp-t]m-se, Rm\pw Ahsc temI-
Øn-te-°-b-®n-cn-°p∂p (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Ømth, kz¿Kobt`mP\Ømepw ]m\obØmepw Aßv
]cn]qcnXcm°nb Atß Zmk¿, Atß alØzØn\pw
IqZmiIfpsSbpw kvt\lØns‚bpw hnizkvXcmb ip{iqjIcmbn
ImWs∏Sm≥ A\p{Kln°Wta. I¿Ømhmb...
sa{Xm≥, \h-sshZnIcpsSbpw \hUo°∑mcpsSbpw P\ßfpsSbpw-ta¬,
ssIIƒhn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-®v sNm√p∂p:
k`bpsS ÿm]I\pw \nb¥mhpamb ssZhw \nßfpsS
[¿aßƒ hnizkvXa\t msS \n¿hln°m≥, Xs‚ Ir]bm¬,
\nßsf \nc¥cw ImØp]men°pamdm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
kphntijw {]kwKn°m\p≈ ZuXyw Uo°∑m¿°v
\evInb AhnS∂v, AƒØmcsbbpw a\pjyscbpw ip{iqjn®p
sIm≠v, \nßsf, temIØn¬ Xo£vWaXnIfmb km£nIfpw
kvt\lØns‚ ip{iqjIcpam°nØo¿°pamdmIs´.
R. Bta≥.
AhnS∂v \nßsf {InkvXpicocØns‚ sFIyØnte
°v IqSpX¬ hfcm≥, Poh\p≈ A∏hpw Pohs‚ hN\hpw
hnizmknIƒ°p \evIp∂ bYm¿Y CSb∑mcmbnØocm≥
CSbm°pamdmIs´.
R. Bta≥.
XpS¿∂v, At±lw, kIe P\ßsfbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v
Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nß-sf F-√m-h-scbpw k¿h-i-
R. Bta≥.
V. hnhm-lm-io¿hmZI¿aw
hnhm-lm-io¿hm-ZI - ¿aw Znhy-]q-Pt- bm-Sp-IqsS \S-Øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, sh≈-\n-d-
tØm-sS-tbm Xncp-\m-fns‚ \nd-tØm-sStbm Cu I¿am-\p-jvTm-\] - qP D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Bcm-[\ - {- I-aZ- n-hk
- ß
- f- psS ]ń-Ib
- n¬ H∂p apX¬
\mephsc \º-dp-If - n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ enÃn-ep≈ Znh-kß - f
- n¬, AXXp
Znh-ksØ Znhy-]q-PX - s∂ sNm√p∂p; Zº-Xn-am¿°p≈ Bio¿hm-Zh - pw,
A\p-bp-‡s - a-¶n¬, kam-]\ - m-io¿hm-Zhpw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p.
F¶nepw Xncp-∏n-dh - n-°m-eØ
- nepw B≠p-h´- Ø - nepw CS-hI kaqlw ]s¶-
Sp-°p∂ Rmb-dmgvN]qP-bn¬ hnhm-lm-io¿hm-Z-I¿aw \S-Øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,
B Rmb-dm-gvN-bnse Znhy-]qP D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
kuI-cy-a-\p-k-cn-®v, Znhy-]q-Pm-{]m¿Y-\-Iƒ apgp-h\pw ChnsS
sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-s∂-¶n-epw, F√m {]m¿Y-\mcq-]-ß-fnepw {]tXy-In-®v,
{]m¿Y-\-Iƒ°pw Zº-Xn-am¿°p≈ Bio¿hm-Z-Øn\pw ]Icw, A\p-bp-
‡-sa-¶n¬, a‰p {]m¿Y-\-Ifpw sNm√m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
A
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 19, 3.5
I¿Ømhv hnip≤aμn-c-Øn¬\n∂v \nßƒ°v klm-b-
a-bb
- °
v s- ´, kntbm-\n¬\n∂v \nßsf kwc-£n-°s´; Ahn-S∂p
\nß-fpsS lrZ-bm-`n-em-j-ßƒ km[n®pXcp-Ibpw \nß-fpsS
F√m DZy-aß - fpw k^-ea- m-°p-Ibpw sNøs´ (s]-kl
- m-°m-eØ
- ,v
At√-eq-bm).
A\p-Xm-]-I¿aw hn´p-I-f-bp∂p; AXyp-∂-X-ß-fn¬ sNm-√p-∂p.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS At]-£I - t- fm-Sp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-cn-°p-
Ibpw am\hhwi-Øns‚ h¿[-\b - v°mbn Aßv ÿm]n-®X - ns\
Atß ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øm¬ kwtbm-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Atß
klm-b-Øm¬ ImØp-c£n°s∏Sp-Ibpw sNøpam-dm-I-s´.
Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
hnhm-lm-io¿hmZI¿aw 877
AYhm
ssZh-ta, a\p-jy-hw-isØ krjvSn-®p-sIm-≠v, ]pcp-j\pw
kv{Xobpw H∂m-bn-Øo-cm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-am-b-t√m. sshhm-
lnI DS-º-Sn-bm¬ sFIy-s∏-tS≠ Atß Cu Zmksc Aßv
kvt\l-_‘ - Ø - m¬ H∂m-°n-Øo¿°-Wt- a. Aß-s\, kvt\l-
Øn¬ ê-aW - n-bm-\p≈ A\p-{Klw AßpsNmcn™v, kvt\l-
Øns‚Xs∂ km£n-I-fm-bn-Øo-cm≥ Ah¿°v A\p-{Klw
\evI-W-ta. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, hnhm-lØ - ns‚ ]mh\ DSºSn-bpsS ap{Z-W-
Øn-\mbn A¿∏n® Cu ImWn-°I - ƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚
\∑-bpsS Dd-hnS-amb Aßv AXn-s‚-Xs∂ HuZm-cy-aX - n-bmb \nb-
¥m-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.
I¿Øm-hm-b...
Bap-J-KoXn: sshhm-lnI DS-º-Sn-bpsS alXzw
R : AXv DNn-Xhpw \ymb-hp-a-t{X

hnip≤ hnhm-lØ - ns‚ ê-]p-jSv a - mb Nmcn-{X-ip≤n ZØp-]p-
{X-cpsS h¿[-\bv°v D]-Ic- n-°p∂-Xn\v a\-s∏m-cp-ØØ- ns‚ a[p-
\
- p-Ic-Ømepw kam-[m-\Ø- ns‚ Ahn-`m-Py-amb _‘--Ømepw
sshhm-lnI DS-ºS- n Aßv Dd-∏n-®p-ht- √m.
Fs¥-∂m¬, I¿Ømth, inip-°f - psS P\\w temI-Øn\v
`qj-Wa
- m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw ⁄m\-k\ v m-\Ø
- m-ep≈ \h-P∑w k`-
bpsS h¿[-\b - n-tebv°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-ht- √m. Aß-
s\, Atß ]cn-]m-e\ - Ø
- mepw Ir]-bmepw AZv`p-XI
- c
- a
- mb coXn-
bn¬ Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-hg- n, Cu Zznhn[ {]h¿Ø-
\-ßƒ Aßv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.
Aßp-h-gn, amem-J-am-tcmSpw kIe hnip-≤-tcm-Sp-sam-Øv,
Aßsb Ahn-cmaw {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠v, Atß°v kvXpXn-
KoXw Rßƒ Be-]n-°p-∂p.
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y\I-fn¬, \h-Zº - X - n-If
- psS kvacW Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-
cn-°p∂ cq]-ßf - n¬ \S-Øs
- ∏-Sp-∂p.
(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b - n¬, {]tXyI D]m¿∏-W {- ]m¿Y\
(Hanc igitur) sNm√p-∂p:kμ¿t`m-Nn-Xa - mbn {_m°-‰n-ep-≈Xv hn´p-If
- b
- p-∂p.
AXn-\m¬, I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw
Atß Zmk-cmb N. s‚bpw N. -s‚bpw Ch¿°p-th≠n Atß
aln-abv-°mbn bmNn-°p∂ Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw
Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°Wsa∂v Rßƒ
{]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Chsc hnhm-l-Zn-\-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cm≥
Aßv A\p-{K-ln-®-Xp-t]m-se, (A-h¿ B{K-ln-°p∂ Atß
Zm\-amb k¥m--\`m-Ky-Øm¬ Ahsc B\-μn-∏n-°p-I-bpw)
I\n-hm¿∂v Ah¿°v Zo¿Lm-bp v \evIp-Ibpw sNø-W-ta
(Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\
tI´-cp-tf-W-ta, Bta≥).

I¿Øm-th, hnhm-l-Zn-\-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cm≥ Aßv
A\p-{K-ln® N. s\bpw N. -s\bpw kvacn-°-W-ta. Aß-s\,
Atß Ir]-bm¬, Ah¿ ]c-kv]ckvt\l-Ønepw kam-[m-\-
Ønepw \ne-\n-ev°p-am-dm-I-s´.
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m-¿Y\-bn¬ c£bpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ CS-
bm-°W - a∂v Rßƒ At]-£n-°p∂p F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw ]d-bp∂p:
- s
- n-te°v B\-μt- ØmsS Aßp \bn® N.- s‚bpw
hnhm-lZ- n-\Ø
N. s‚bpw hnhm-lØ - ns‚ Ir]-bm¬ Chsc i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØW - ta-.
Aß-s\, Atßapºm-sI, Ah¿ ap{ZWw sNbvXp-d∏ - n® DS-ºSn
Atß kwc-£-WsØ, Pohn-X-Øn¬ kZm ImØp-]m-en-°p-
am-dm-I-s´.
hnhm-lm-io¿hmZw
kz¿K-ÿ\ - m-b Rß-fpsS ]nXm-th F∂ {]m¿Y\ sNm√n-bX - n-\p-ti-jw,
I¿Øm-th, F√m Xn∑Ifnepw\n∂v F∂ {]m¿Y\ hn´p-If - ™
- ,v ]ptcm-ln-
X≥ \h-Zº - X- n-am-cp-sS- t\tc Xncn-™,v ssZh-Øns‚ Bio¿hmZwt\cp∂p;
CsXm-cn-°epw hn´p-If - b
- m≥ ]mSn-√m-ØX
- m-Ip-∂p.
A`n-kwt_m-[-\-Øn¬, \h-Z-º-Xn-I-fn¬ Hcm-tfm Ccp-h-cptam Znhy-Im-
cpWyw kzoI-cn-°m-Ø-]-£w, {_m°-‰n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ
hn´p-I-f-bp-∂p. {]m¿Y-\-bn¬ {_m°-‰n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ
kμ¿`-a-\p-k-cn®v hn´p-I-f-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. DZm. Zº-Xn-Iƒ {]mbw-sN-∂-
h-cm-sW-¶n¬,
\h-Zº
- X- n-Iƒ AƒØm-csb kao-]n-°p-Itbm Ah-cpsS ÿe-Øp-Xs∂
\nev°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ah¿ ap´p-Ip-Øp-∂p.
]ptcm-ln-X≥ ssIIƒ Iq-∏n-\n-∂v, {]m¿Y-\bv°p £Wn-®p-sIm-≠v,
]dbp∂p:
{]nb ktlm-Z-c-tc, {InkvXp-hn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cmb Ahn-
SsØ Cu Zmk-cp-sS-ta¬ Ahn-SsØ Ir]-bpsS Bio¿hmZw
Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw sNmcn-b-W-sa∂pw ({In-kvXp-hns‚ ico-c-c-‡-
ßfpsS IqZm-i-bm¬) hnip≤ DS-º-Sn-bm¬ Ahn-S∂v kwtbm-
Pn-∏n-®- Chsc Htc kvt\l-Øn¬ H∂m°n-Øo¿°-W-sa∂pw
I¿Øm-hn-t\mSv \ap°v tIW-t]-£n°mw.
F√m-hcpw Aev]-t\-cw- au-\-ambn {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂v ]ptcm-ln-X≥ \h-Zº
- X
- n-If
- p-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]nSn®psIm≠v
XpS-cp∂p:
ssZh-ta, Atß alm-i‡ - n-bm¬ C√m-bvab - n¬\n∂v ka-
kvXhpw krjvSn® Aßv, {]]-t©m-Xv]Øn {Iao-Ic - n-®t- ∏mƒ,
a\p-jys\ Atß kmZr-iy-Øn¬ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw ]pcp-j\v
kv{Xosb th¿s]-Sp-Øm-\m-hmØ XpW-bm-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-ht- √m. Aß-s\, taen¬ Ah¿ c≠-√, Hcp ico-ca - m-
sW∂pw kw{]o-Xn-tbmsS Aßv H∂m-°n-Øo¿Ø-hsc Hcn-
°epw th¿s]-Sp-Øm≥]mSp-≈X - s- √∂pw Aßv ]Tn-∏n-®p.
ssZh-ta, hnhmlDS-ºS- n-bn¬ {InkvXp-hn-s‚bpw k`-bp-
sSbpw IqZmi {]Xn-_nw-_n-°Ø-°-hn[w hnhm-l_ - ‘
- w Aßv
al-Ømb cl-ky-am°n ]hn-{Xo-Ic - n-®p-ht- √m.
ssZh-ta, Aßp-h-gn, kv{Xo ]pcp-j-t\mSv H∂m-bn-t®¿°-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw BZn-ap-Xte {Iao-Ic - n-®n-´p≈ Cu kl-hmkw Aßv
A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-t√m. Cu A\p-{Klw am{Xta
DZv`-h-]m-]-Øns‚ in£-bmtem Pe-{]-f-b-Øm-ep-f-hmb hn\m-
i-Ømtem \jvS-s∏-Sm-Xp-≈q.
hnhm-l-_-‘-Øm¬ H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂ Atß Cu Zmk-
cp-sS-ta¬ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ISm-£n-°-W-ta. Ah¿ {]Xym-in-
°p∂ Atß Bio¿hm-Z-Øm¬ i‡n-s∏-Sm≥ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-
hns‚ Ir]m-h¿jw Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ sNmcn-b-W-ta. Aß-s\,
hnhml DS-º-Sn-bn¬ hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS Ah¿ \ne-\n-ev°m≥,
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn-te°v Atß kvt\lw sNmcn-b-W-ta.
Atß Zmkn-bmb N. ¬ kvt\l--Øn-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-
Øn-s‚bpw Ir] D≠m-bn-cn-°s - ´. hnip-≤{- KŸw {]Io¿Øn-°p∂
]pWy-hX - n-If
- psS A\p-I¿{Xnbmbn Ahƒ \ne-\n-ev°s - ´.
Ch-fpsS `¿Øm-hns‚ lrZbw Ch-fn¬ hnizm-k-a¿∏n-
°-s´. Chsf Xpey-]-¶m-fnbpw Ir]m-h-c-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Iq´-h-
Im-in-bp-ambn AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, Chƒ°v A¿l-amb BZ-
cw \evIp-Ibpw {InkvXp Xs‚ k`sb kvt\ln-®-Xp-t]mse
kZm Chsf kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´.
I¿Øm-th, Aß-tbmSv Rß-fn-t∏mƒ At]-£n-°p∂p;

Atß Cu Zmk¿ hnizm-kØ - n¬ Dd-®p-\n∂v Atß Iev]\ - I
- ƒ
]men-°p-Ibpw GI-ic - o-ca- m-bn-Øo¿∂v, Pohn-Xs- s\¿aeyw shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNø-s´. kphn-tij ssNX-\y-Øm¬ i‡n-
bm¿Pn®v k¿h-P-\-k-a£w {InkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿Ykm£n-I-
fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw (k-¥m-\`- m-Ky-Øm¬ A\pKr-lo-Xc - m-Ip-Ibpw
kpIrXkº-∂c - mb amXm-]n-Xm-°∑mcm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS
k¥m-\] - c
- º
- c ImWp-Ib - pw) Ch¿ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-If - mbn Pohn-®,v
`mKy-s∏´-h-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn-te°pw kz¿K-cm-Py-Øn-te°pw
FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´. Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb
{InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-fW - t- a.
R. Bta≥.
I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kX v p-th F∂ {]m¿Y\ hn´p-If - ™
- ,v DSt\ I¿Øm-
hns‚ kam-[m-\w ]d-bp-∂p. XpS¿∂v, \hZº-Xn-If - pw F√m-hcpw, ÿesØ
coXn-b-\p-k-cn-®v, kam-[m-\hpw Iq´m-bvabpw kvt\lhpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂
AS-bmfw ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dp-∂p.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. Ft^ 5, 25.27
{InkvXp, Xs‚ aW-hm-ńsb hnip-≤bpw If-¶c- l- n-Xb
- p-am°n
ka¿∏n-°m≥, k`sb kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Ahƒ°p-th≠n X∂-
Øs∂ A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (s]-kl - m-°m-eØ
- ,v At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Cu _en-bpsS i‡n-bm¬, Atß ]cn-]m-e\ - -
Øn¬ ÿm]n-®X - ns\ Imcp-Wy-hm-btv ]msS A\p-bm{X sNø-Wta.
Aß-s\, ]mh-\_ - ‘
- Ø
- m¬ kwtbmPn-∏n® Chsc (Htc A∏-
Ømepw Htc ]m\-]m-{X-Ømepw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
Ch-sc) Htc kvt\l-Øn¬ GI-am-\k - c
- m°n-Øo-¿°m\pw Aßv
CS-bm-°W
Znhy-]qPmkam-]-\-Ønse kmtLmj Bio¿hmZw

]ptcm-ln-X≥, \h-Z-º-Xn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒhn-cn®,v sNm√p∂p:
\nXy-]n-Xm-hmb ssZhw, ]c-k]
v c kvt\l-Øn¬ \nßsf
GI-am-\k
- c
- m-°n-Øo¿°-s´. Aß-s\, {InkvXp-hns‚ kam-[m\w
\nß-fn¬ hkn-°p-Ibpw \nßfpsS `h-\Ø - n¬ kZm \ne-\n-
ev°p-Ibpw sNøpam-dmI-s´.
R. Bta≥.
k¥m-\ß- f
- m¬ \nßƒ A\p-Kr-lo-XcmIp-Ibpw kplr-
Øp-°fn¬\n∂v Bizm-khpw F√m-ht- cm-Sp-ap≈ bYm¿Y kam-
[m\hpw \nßƒ°p-≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
temI-Øn¬ \nßƒ ssZh-ktv \-lØ - ns‚ km£n-If - m-bn-
Øo-cp-Ib- pw, Ah-icpw B¿Øcpw \nß-fn¬ ImcpWyw Is≠-
Øn, Ah¿ \n-ßsf ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-`h - \- Ø- n¬ IrX-⁄X - m-
]q¿hw kzmKXwsNøp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is- ´.
Im¿an- I ≥ kIe P\- s Øbpw C{]- I mcw Iqń- t ®¿Øp- s Im- ≠ v
Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf F√m-h-scbpw k¿h-i-
‡-\m-b- ssZhw ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ? ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw
Bio¿h-Zn-°pam-dmI-s´.
R. Bta≥.
B
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 89, 14.17
I¿Øm-th, {]`m-XØ - n¬ Atß Imcp-Wy-Øm¬ Rßƒ
]cn-]q-cn-Xc
- m-Ip-Ibpw Rß-fpsS F√m Zn\-ßf
- nepw BÀm-Zn-°p-
Ibpw kt¥m-jn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp; I¿Øm-hns‚ alØzw Rß-
fp-sS-taepw Rß-fpsS Ic-th-e-I-fp-sS-taepw D≠m-bn-cn-°s´
(s]-kl - m-°m-eØ - ,v At√-eq-bm).
A\p-Xm-]-I¿aw hn´pI-f-bp∂p; AXyp-∂-X-ß-fn¬ sNm√p-∂p.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS At]-£-Iƒ Aßv {ihn-°p-
Ibpw Atß Zmk-cmb N.- bp-sSbpw N. bp-sSbpwta¬ Atß
Ir] Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw h¿j-n-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-ta. Aß-s\,
Atß AƒØm-c-bpsS apºmsI H∂m-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ch¿ ]c-
kv]ckvt\l-Øn¬ ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-am-dm-I-s´. Aß-tbm-Sp-
Iq-sS...
AYhm
ssZ-h-ta, hnhmlDS-º-Sn-bn¬ {InkvXp-hn-s‚bpw k`-
bp-sSbpw IqZmi {]Xn-_nw-_n-°Ø-°-hn[w Aßv hnhm-l-
_-‘w Aßv al-Ømb cl-ky-am°n ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-®p-h-t√m.
hnizm-k-Øm¬ Atß Cu Zmk¿ kzoI-cn-®Xv {]hr-Øn-bn¬
{]I-S-am-°m≥ Ch¿°v A\p-{Klw \evI-W-sa∂v Rßƒ
{]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß°v Rßƒ kt¥m-jt- ØmsS A¿∏n-
°p∂ Cu ImWn-°-Iƒ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
hnhmlIqZm-i-bpsS DS-º-Sn-bm¬ Aßv kwtbm-Pn-∏n® Chsc
]nXrhm’- e y- Ø m¬ ImØp- ] m- e n- ° p- I bpw sNø- W - t a.
I¿Øm-hm-b...
Bap-J-KoXn: hnhm-l-Øns‚ al-Ømb IqZmi

Fs¥-∂m¬ Atß P\- h p- a mbn Aßv Hcp ]pXnb DS-
ºSnsNbvXp.- A-ß-s\, Atß ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw D∞m-\-Øn-
s‚bpw cl-kyw-hgn Aßv Ahsc hos≠-Sp-°p-Ibpw ssZh-
{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ]¶p-Im-cm-°p-Ibpw Atß kz¿Ko-ba
- l
- Ø
- z-Øn¬
Iq´-h-Im-in-I-fm-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-t√m.
]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw XΩn-ep≈ hnhm-l-Øn-eqsS Atß
Ir]m-h-c-k-ar≤n Aßv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-. Aß-s\, Rß-f-\p-
jvTn-°p∂ Cu IqZmi Atß kvt\l-Øns‚ Ah¿W-\o-b-
amb ]≤-Xn-bnte°v Rß-sf B\-bn°pI-bpw-sN-øp-∂p.
BI-bm¬, amem-Ja - m-tcmSpw kIe hnip-≤t- cm-Sp-samØv Ahn-
cmaw kvXpXn-®p-sIm-≠,v Aßsb Rßƒ {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂p:
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬, {]tXyI a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-Ifpw D]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂p (pp. )
hnhm-lm-io¿hmZw
kz¿K-ÿ\ - m-b Rß-fpsS ]nXm-th F∂ {]m¿Y\ sNm√n-bX - n-\p-
ti-jw, I¿Øm-th, F√m Xn∑Ifn¬\n∂v F∂ {]m¿Y\ hn´p-If - ™
- ,v ]ptcm-
ln-X≥ \h-Zº
- X
- n-am-cp-sS-t\sc Xncn-™,v ssZh-Øns‚ Bio¿hmZw Ah-cp-
sS-ta¬ t\cp∂p; CsXm-cn-°epw hn´p-If - b
- m≥ ]mSn-√m-ØX
- m-Ip-∂p.
A`n-kwt_m-[-\-Øn¬, \h-Z-º-Xn-I-fn¬ Hcm-tfm Ccp-h-cptam
Znhy-Im-cpWyw kzoI-cn-°m-Ø-]-£w, {_m°-‰n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂
hm°p-Iƒ hn´p-I-f-bp-∂p. {]m¿Y-\-bn¬ {_m°-‰n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂
hm°p-Iƒ kμ¿`-a-\p-k-cn®v hn´p-I-f-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. DZm. Zº-Xn-Iƒ
{]mbw-sN-∂-h-cm-sW-¶n¬,
\h-Zº
- X
- n-Iƒ AƒØm-csb kao-]n-°p-Itbm DNn-Xs
- a-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS
ÿe-Øp-Xs∂ \nev°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ah¿ ap´p-Ip-Øp-∂p.
]ptcm-ln-X≥ ssIIƒIq-∏n-\n∂v, {]m¿Y-\b
- °
v p-£W
- n-®p-sIm≠v ]d-bp∂p:
Cu AƒØm-csb kao-]n®v hnhm-l-Po-hnXw Bcw-`-n®
Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ ({InkvXp-hns‚ ico-cc
- ‡
- ß
- f
- n¬ ]¶m-fn-If
- m-bn),
]c-kv]c kvt\l-Øm¬ kZm H∂n--°-s∏-Sm≥th≠n I¿Øm-
hn-t\mSv \ap°v {]m¿Yn-°mw.
F√m- h cpw Aev ] - \ n- a njw \n»- _ v Z - a mbn {]m¿Yn- ° p∂p; XpS¿∂v ,
]ptcm-ln-X≥, \h-Z-º-Xn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ ssII-ƒ -hn-cn-®v, XpS-cp∂p:
]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]nXm-th, Atß kmZr-iy-Øn¬ Aßv
a\p-jys\ cq]s∏SpØn, ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobp-ambn krjvSn-®p-
h-t√m. Aß-s\, ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw ico-cØ- n-epw lrZ-b-
Ønepw H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂v, `qan-bn¬ Ah-cpsS [¿aw ]q¿Øo-I-
cn-°p∂p.
ssZh-ta, Atß kvt\l-Øns‚ ]≤Xn shfn-s∏-Sp-
tØ≠-Xn\v, Atß P\-hp-ambn Aßp sNbvX DS-º-Sn, ZºXn-
I-fpsS ]c-kv]ckvt\l-Øn¬ {]Xn-_nw-_n-∏n-°m≥ Aßv Xncp-
hp-≈-am-bn. Aß-s\, ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ IuZm-inI AS-bm-f-
Øn-eqsS, Atß hnizm-kn-I-fpsS sshhm-lnI_-‘-Øn¬,
{InkvXp-hn-s‚bpw k`-bp-sSbpw sshhm-lnIclkyw Aßv
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t√m.
Atß Zmk-cmb N. s- ‚bpw N. s‚bpwta¬ Atß he-

Øp-Icw I\n-hm¿∂v \o´p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS lrZ-bß - f
- n¬ ]cn-
ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ i‡n sNmcn-bp-Ibpw sNø-Ws - a∂v Rßƒ
{]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.
I¿Øm-th, Cu IuZm-inI sFIy-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p∂
Ch¿, Atß kvt\l-Øns‚ Zm\-ßƒ ]¶p-hb - v°m\pw Atß
km∂n-[y-Øns‚ AS-bmfw ]c-kv]cw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v, Hcp
lrZ-bhpw Hcmflm-hp-ambnØocm\pw A\p-{K-ln-°-W-ta.
I¿Øm-th, Ch¿ ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øp∂ `h\w Ch-cpsS {]hr-
Øn-If- m¬ \ne-\n¿Øm\pw (kp-hn-tij am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ah-
cpsS k¥m-\ß - sf cq]-s∏-SpØn Atß kz¿Kob IpSpw-_Ø- nse
AwK-ßf - m°n k÷-cm-°m\pw) Chsc A\p-{K-ln-°W - t- a.
Atß Zmkn-bmb N. sb Atß A\p-{K-lß - f- m¬ Imcp-
Wy-]q¿hw \nd-bv°W - ta. Aß-s\, `mcy-bp-sSbpw (A-Ωb - p-sS-
bpw) [¿a-ßƒ \nd-th-‰n-s°m-≠,v Xs‚ `h-\Ø
- n\v \n¿aekvt\l-
Øm¬ Dujvaf - X \evIp-Ibpw lrZy-amb HuZm-cy-Øm¬ Ae-¶-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´.
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zm-k-\mb N. s\bpw kz¿Ko-bm-\p-
{K-lØ- m¬ \nd-bv°W- t- a. Aßs\, hnizkvX`¿Øm-hn-s‚bpw
(I-cp-X-ep≈ ]nXm-hn-s‚-bpw) [¿a-ßƒ Cbmƒ bYm-tbmKyw
\n¿h-ln-°-s´.
]cn-ip-≤\
- mb ]nXm-th, Atß apºmsI hnhm-lØ - n¬
H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂v, Atß taisb kao-]n-°m≥ A`n-ej - n-°p∂
Ch¿ Hcp-Zn-hkw kz¿Kobhncp-∂n¬ kt¥m-jt- ØmsS ]¶p-tN-
cm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°W- t- a. Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-hgn
ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-fW - t- a.
R. Bta≥.
I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kX v p-th F∂ {]m¿Y\ hn´p-If - ™

- ,v DSt\ I¿Øm-
hns‚ kam-[m-\w ]d-bp-∂p. XpS¿∂v, \hZ-ºX - n-If
- pw F√m-hcpw, ÿesØ
coXn-b\
- p-kc
- n-®,v kam-[m-\hpw Iq´m-ba
v bpw kvt\lhpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ AS-
bmfw ]c-k] v cw ssIam-dp-∂p.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw tbml 13,34
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN- ø p∂p: Rm≥ ]pXnb Iev ] \
\nßƒ°v \evIp∂p; Rm≥ \nßsf kvt\ln-®X - p-t]mse \nßfpw
]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°p-hn≥ (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Atß hncp-∂n¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂v
Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, hnhm-lI
- q-Zm-ib
- m¬ H∂m-bn-
Øo¿∂ Ch¿ Aß-tbmSv kZm t- N¿∂p-\n-e° v p-Ibpw Atß
\maw am\-h-k-a£w {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
I¿Øm-hm-b...
Znhy-]q-P-bpsS kam-]-\-Ønse kmtLm-j-B-io¿hmZw
sshZn-I≥, \h-Z-º-Xn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn-®v ]d-bp∂p:
k¿h-i-‡-\mb ]nXm-hmb ssZhw Xs‚ kt¥mjw
\nßƒ°p \evIp-Ibpw k¥m-\-ßfm¬ \nßsf A\p-{K-ln-
°p-Ibpw sNøpam-dmIs´.
R. Bta≥.
ssZh- Ø ns‚ GI- P m- X - \ mb ]p{X≥ Db¿®- b nepw
XmgvN-bnepw \nßsf Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw klm-bn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv Xs‚ kvt\lw \nßfpsS
lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ kZm sNmcn-bp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
Im¿an-I≥ kIe P\-sØbpw, C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf F√m-h-sc-bpw, k¿h-
i-‡\ - mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ?]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw A\p-
{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
C
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 144, 2.9
I¿Øm-th, A\p-Zn\w Rm\-ßsb ]pIgvØpw; Atß
\maw Rm≥ Ft∂°pw hmgvØpw. Fs¥-∂m¬, Aßv F√m-
h¿°pw am[p-cy-hm-\m-Wv, Xs‚ kIe krjvSn-I-fp-sS--bpw-ta¬
Atß IcpW sNmcn-bp∂p (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
A\p-Xm-]-I¿aw hn´p-I-f-bp∂p; AXyp-∂-X-ß-fn¬ sNm√p-∂p.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZh-ta, hnhm-l-sa∂ IqZm-i-bm¬
kwtbm-Pn-∏n°-s∏-Sp∂ Atß Cu Zmk¿, Ah¿ {]Jym-]n-
°p∂ hnizm- k - Ø n¬ hf- c m\pw Atß k`sb
hnizkvXk¥m-\-ß-fm¬ A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw A\p--{K-ln-
°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
AYhm
ssZhta, temIm-cw-`w-ap-X¬, k¥m-\h - ¿[-\- Aßv A\p-
{K-ln-°p-∂p-h-t√m. Rß-fpsS At]-£-Iƒ {ihn-°pIbpw
Atß Zmk¿ N. s‚bpw N. s - ‚-bpw-ta¬ Atß A\p-{K-l-
Øns‚ klmbw sNmcn-bp-Ibpw sNø-Wt- a. Aß-s\, sshhm-
lnI _‘-Øn¬, ]c-kv]ckvt\l-Ø mepw a\-s∏m-cp-Ø-
Ømepw ]c-k] v c hnip-≤n-bmepw Ch¿ H∂n-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-am-dm-I-
s´. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS At]-£-Iƒ Xr°¨]m¿°p-
Ibpw hnhm-l-Øns‚ hnip≤ DS-º-Sn-bm¬ H∂n-∏n-°-s∏´
Atß Cu Zmk¿°p-th≠n Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂ Cu _enhkvXp-
°ƒ Imcp-Wy-hm-bvt]msS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-ta. Cu
cl-ky-ßƒh-gn, ]c-kv]ckvt\l-Ønepw Atß kvt\l-
Ønepw Ch¿ ÿncoI-cn-°s - ∏-Sp-am-dm-Is
- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Bap-J-KoXn: hnhmlw, ssZhn-I-kvt\-l-Øns‚ AS-bmfw.

Atß Imcp-WymXntcI-Øm¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ a\p-jys\
D∂X]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a- m-bt- √m. Aß-
s\, ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw X-Ωn-ep≈ sFIy-Øn¬ Atß kvt\l-
Øns‚ bYm¿Y-cq]w-Xs - ∂-bmWv Aßv {]Xn-ê - n-∏n-°p-∂Xv;
kvt\l-Øm¬ Aßv krjvSn® Chsc kvt\l-Øns‚ \nb-a-
Ønte°v Aßv Ahn-cmaw hnfn-°p-∂p-ht- √m. Aß-s\, Atß
A\-¥k - tv \-lØ
- n¬ ]¶m-fn-If - m-Im≥ Chsc A\p-{K-ln-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂p.
Atß kvt\l-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ambn, hnip≤hnhm-l-Øns‚
clkyw Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-hgn, a\pjykvt\lw
]hn-{X-am-°p-∂p-h-t√m.
Ahn-S-∂p-h-gn,
amem-J-am-tcmSpw kIe hnip-≤-tcm-Sp-samØv
Aßsb Ahn-cmaw {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠v, Atß°v kvXpXn-
KoXw Rßƒ Be-]n-°p-∂p.
]cn-ip≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, {]tXy-I-a-[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-Iƒ sNm√p∂p (p)
hnhm-lm-io¿hmZw
kz¿K-ÿ-\m-b Rß-fpsS ]nXm-th F∂ {]m¿Y\ ...sNm√n-b-Xn-\p-
ti-jw, I¿Øm-th, F√m Xn∑Ifn¬\n∂v F∂ {]m¿Y\ hn´p-I-f-™v,
]ptcm-ln-X≥ \h-Zº
- X
- n-am-cp-sS-t\tc Xncn-™v, ssZh-Øns‚ Bio¿hmZw
t\cp∂p; CsXm-cn-°epw hn´p-I-f-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p.
A`n-kwt_m-[-\-Øn¬, \h-Z-º-Xn-I-fn¬ Hcm-tfm Ccp-h-cptam Znhy-Im-
cpWyw kzoI-cn-°m-Ø-]-£w, {_m°-‰n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ
hn´p-I-f-bp-∂p. {]m¿Y-\-bn¬ {_m°-‰n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ
kμ¿`-a-\p-k-cn®v hn´p-I-f-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. DZm. Zº-Xn-Iƒ {]mbw-sN-∂-
h-cm-sW-¶n¬,
\h-Zº
- X- n-Iƒ AƒØm-csb kao-]n-°p-Itbm Ah-cpsS ÿe-Øp-Xs∂
\nev°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ah¿ ap´p-Ip-Øp-∂p.
]ptcm-ln-X≥ ssIIƒ Iq∏n-\n-∂v, C{]-Imcw ]d-™p-sIm≠v {]m¿Y-
\bv-°mbn £Wn-°p∂p:
{]nb ktlm-Z-c-tc, Cu Zº-Xn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ ssZhm-\p-
{Klw D≠m-Im≥ \ΩpsS {]m¿Y-\-Iƒhgn \ap°v Xmgva-
tbmsS At]-£n-°mw. Aß-s\, hnhm-l-sa∂ IqZm-i-bm¬
Chsc kºp-jvS-cm-°nb Ahn-S∂v Xs‚ klm-b-Øm¬ Imcp-
Wy-]q¿hw ImØp-]m-en-°pIbpw sNø-s´.
Aev]t- \cw F√m-hcpw au\-ambn {]m¿Yn-°p∂p; XpS¿∂v, ]ptcm-ln-X≥,
\h-Z-º-Xn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn-®v, XpS-cp∂p:
]cn- i p- ≤ - \ mb ]nXm- t h, kIe {]]- © - Ø ns‚bpw
{kjvSm-th, ]pcp-js - \bpw kv{Xosbbpw Atß kmZr-iy-Øn¬
krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS kl-hmkw Atß A\p-{K-lØ - m¬
[\y-am-°m≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a - m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp-ht- √m. C∂v
hnhml IqZm-ib - m¬ kwtbm-Pn-∏n°-s∏´ Atß Cu Zmk¿°p-
th≠n Aß-tbmSv Ffn-at- bmsS Rßƒ At]-£n-°p-∂p.
I¿Øm-th, h[p-hmb N. bpsStaepw Ah-fpsS Pohn-X-
]-¶m-fn-bmb N. s‚-taepw Atß kar-≤-ambA\p-{K-l-h¿jw
Cd-ßn-h-cp-Ibpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ i‡n D∂-X-ß-fn¬\n∂v
Ch-cpsS lrZ-b-ßsf D÷z-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´. Aß-s\,
hnhm-l-Øns‚ Zm\w ]c-kv]-c-w A-\p-`-hn-®p-sIm≠v Ch¿
(Ip-Spw-_sØ k¥-Xn-I-fm¬ Ae-¶-cn-°p-I-bpw) k`sb kºp-
jvS-am-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´.
I¿Øm-th, kt¥m-jØ - n¬ Ch¿ Aßsb kvXpXn-°p

Ibpw, k¥m-]-Øn¬ Aßsb At\z-jn-°pIbpw sNø-s´.
Ah-cpsS A[zm-\ß - f
- n¬ Atß km∂n-[y-Øm¬ Ah¿ B\-
μn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ Bizm-k-ambn Atß
kmao]yw Ah¿ A\p-`h - n-°pIbpw sNø-s´; hnip≤ kaq-l-
Øn¬ Ah¿ Aß-tbmSv {]m¿Yn-°pIbpw temI-Øn¬ Atß
km£n-I-fmbn h¿Øn-°pIbpw kplr-Zvh-e-b-tØm-sS-bp≈
kt¥m-jI - c
- a
- mb hm¿[-Iy-Im-et- i-jw, kz¿K-cm-Py-Øn-te°v
Ah¿ FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøpam-dm-Is - ´. Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb
{InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cpf-Wt- a.
R. Bta≥.
I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kX v p-th. F∂ {]m¿Y\ hn´p-If - ™
- ,v DSs\ I¿Øm-
hns‚ kam-[m-\w ]d-bp-∂p. XpS¿∂v, \hZ-ºX - n-If
- pw F√m-hcpw, ÿesØ
coXn-b\
- p-kc
- n-®,v kam-[m-\hpw Iq´m-ba
v bpw kvt\lhpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ AS-
bmfw ]c-k] v cw ssIam-dp-∂p.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw k¶o 33, 2.9
I¿Øm- h ns\ Rms\∂pw ]pIgv Ø pw; AhnSsØ
kvXpXn-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw Fs‚ A[-c-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
I¿Ømhv F{X \√- h - s \∂v cpNn- ® - d n- b p- h n≥; Ahn- S sØ
B{i-bn-°p-∂h - ≥ `mKy-hm≥ (s]-kl
- m-°m-eØ - v, At√-eq-bm).
k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZh-ta, Rßƒ kzoI-cn® Cu IqZm-
i-bpsS ssNX\yw Atß Cu Zmk-cn¬ h¿[am\-am-°m\pw
Rß- f ¿∏n® Cu _en- b psS ê- ß ƒ Rß- s f- √ m- h cpw
A\p-`-hn-°m\pw A\p-{K-ln-°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.
I¿Øm- h m- b ...
Znhy-]q-PbpsS kam-]-\-Ønse Bio¿hmZw
]ptcm-ln-X≥ \h-Z-º-Xn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn-®v sNm√p∂p:
Im\m-bnse hnhm-l-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-Im≥ Xncp-hp-
≈-amb I¿Øm-hmb tbip \nß-sfbpw \nß-fpsS _‘p-an-
{Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw kar-≤-ambn A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥.
k`sb Ah-km-\w-hsc kvt\ln® Ahn-S∂ - v, \nßfpsS

lrZ-bß- f- n¬ Xs‚ kvt\lw A\-hc - Xw h¿jn-°p-am-dm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥
Ahn-SsØ D∞m-\-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn\v km£yw-
h-ln-®p-sIm-≠v, \nßƒ kt¥m-j-tØmsS {]Xo-£n-°p∂
A\p-Kr-lo-Xa - mb {]Xymi I¿Ømhv \nßƒ°v \evIp-am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥
Im¿an- I ≥ kIe P\- ß - s f- b pw C{]- I mcw Iqń- t ®¿Øp- s Im- ≠ v
Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ F√m-hscbpw k¿h-i‡
- \
- mb ssZhw
]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ? A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥
hnhml hm¿jn-IØ - n-\p≈ Znhy-]qP hnhn[ Bh-iy-ßƒ°pth≠nbp≈

Znhy-]q-P-I-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p (pp).
B{i-a-t{i-jvT-s‚ Bio¿hm-Z-I¿aw 893
VI. B{i-a-t{i-jvT-s‚tbm
B{ia t{ijvT-bp-sStbm Bio¿hm-Z-I¿aw
I¿am-\p-jvTm-\]
- q-PI
- ƒ A\p-hZ- n-®n-´p≈ Znh-kß
- f
- n¬ shfpØ \nd-tØm-
sStbm Xncp-\m-fns‚ \nd-tØm-sStbm Cu Znhy-]qP D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv.
1
B{i-at- {i-jvTs‚ Bio¿hmZw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. tbml 15, 16
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: \nßƒ Fs∂ Xnc-s™--
Sp-°p-I-b-√, Rm≥ \nßsf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bmWp sNbvXXv;
\nßƒt]mbn êw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \nß-fpsS êw
\ne-\n-ev°p-∂-Xn\pwth≠n Rm≥ \nßsf \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-
°p∂p (s]-k-lm-°m-eØv, At√-eq-bm).
AYhm Cf. sImtfm 3, 14˛15
F√m-‰n-s\bpw Iqń-bn-W°n ]cn-]q¿W-amb sFIy-
Øn¬ _‘n-°p∂ kvt\lw \nßƒ°v D≠m-bn-cn-°-s´.
{InkvXp-hns‚ kam-[m\w \nß-fpsS lrZ-bß
- sf BÀm-Zn-∏n-°s´
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zmk-\mb N. s\ Cu kaq-la - mb
N. s‚ B{i-at- {i-jvT\- mbn Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp-ht- √m. {]hr-
Øn-If - mepw DZvt_m-[\- Ø
- mepw Ct±lw Xs‚ ktlm-Zc - c
- psS
am\-k-ßsf t\cm-b-h-bn-te°v ]cn-ioen-∏n-°m\pw Ah-tcm-
sSm∏w \nXy-kΩ - m-\Ø
- ns‚ {]Xn-êw G‰hpw hm’-ey-ap≈
CS-b\- mb Aßn¬\n∂v kt¥m-j] - q¿hw kzoI-cn-°m\pw A\p-
{K-ln-°Wsa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
\n¿tZi-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zmk-cpsS ImWn-°-Iƒ Aßp
kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Xß-sf-Øs∂ Hcp Bflob _en-h-kvXp-
hmbn A¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠v, Ah¿ bYm¿Y Ffn-a-bmepw A\p-k-
c-W-Ømepw kam-[m-\-Ømepw kZm \nd-bm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°p-
Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p∂p. I¿Øm-hm-b...
k∂ymkn Pohn-X-Øns‚ Bap-J-KoXn (pp) D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-Ifn¬ \h-ambn Bio¿h-Zn-°-s∏´ B{ia-t{i-
jvT-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i\w Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \S-
Ø-s∏-Sp∂p:
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, Cu k∂ymknkaq-l-Øns‚
`c-W-\n¿h-l-W-Øn-\mbn Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-
amb Atß Cu Zmk≥ N. -\p-th-≠n Atß°p Rß-f¿∏n-
°p∂ Rß-fpsS tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-
s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
Aßv \evInb Zm\-ßƒ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw Cbm-fn¬ ImØp-
]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-ta. Aß-s\, Atß Ir]-bm¬ kzoI-
cn-®X
- ,v ktlm-Zc
- ß
- f
- psS lrZ-bß
- sf i‡ns∏SpØpamdmI-s´
tI´-cp-f-W-ta, Bta≥).
tbmSpw R-ß-fpsS cq]Xm≤y-£-\mb N. sa-{Xm-t\m-SpsamØv
C∂v Cu k∂ymknkaq- l - Ø ns‚ B{i- a - t {i- j v T - \ mbn
\evIm≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Atß Cu Zmk-s\bpw sshZn-IKW-
sØbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.

]d-bp∂p:
Atß Zmk-\mb Rß-fpsS N. ] - m-∏t- bmSpw R-ßf - psS
cq]Xm≤y-£\ - mb N. sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-ep-≈h - -
tcmSpw C∂v Cu k\ymkkaq-lØ - ns‚ B{i-at- {i-jT v \
- mbn Xnc-
s™-Sp-°s - ∏´ Atß Cu Zmk≥ N. t- \mSpw sshZn-IK - W
-
tØmSpw Aßv t\Sn-sb-SpØ kIe P\-ßt- fm-Sp-samØv Cu
`qanbn¬ Xo¿Ym-S\- w-sN-øp∂ Atß k`sb hnizm-kØ - nepw
kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-bW - ta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK
bmK {]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv; CXns‚ a≤y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-
fn¬, {InkvXp-hns‚ Hcp kPo-h-_-en-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂o
hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, ]d-bp∂p:
_en-b¿∏n-°p-∂p-thm, Ah-sc-sb√mw Aßv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°-Wta.
hninjym Aß-bpsS Zmk-\mb N. ]m∏msbbpw R-ßf - psS cq-]-
Xm-≤y-£\ - mb N. sa{Xm-s\-bpw sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-ep≈ kI-e-
scbpw C∂v Cu k\ymkk`-bpsS ip{iqjI-\mbn Aßv Xnc-
s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß Cu Zmk≥ N. s\bpw
F√m sshZn-Is - cbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂h- s
- cbpw ChnsS k∂n-
ln-Xc- m-bn-cn-°p-∂h- s
- cbpw Atß kakvX P\-sØbpw Bflm¿Y-
lr-Zb
- t- ØmsS Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-hs - cbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.
AYhm
bYm¿Y kvt\lw Fhn-sS-bpt≠m, AhnsS ssZh-ap-≠.v
{InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\lw \sΩ H∂m-°n-Øo¿Øn-cn-°p∂p
(s]-kl
- m-°m-eØ
- ,v At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Atß IpSpw-_sØ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ISm-
£n-°p-Ibpw hnizmkclkyw BtLm-jn® Rßƒ, F√m-‰nepw
Aßsb al-Øz-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠,v kphn-tij]mX-bn-eqsS A\-
h-cXw Ncn-°m≥ CS-bm-°pIbpw sNø-Wt- a. I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm≥, \hambn Bio¿h-Zn-°-s∏´ B{i-a-t{i-jvTs‚-ta¬ ssIIƒ
hn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-®v sNm√p∂p:
kakvX ]nXr-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Dd-hn-S-amb ssZhw, Xs‚
al-Øz-Øns‚ kº-Zvk-ar-≤n-s°m-Øv, B¥-cn-I-a-\p-jy-s‚
ssNX-\y-Øm¬, {]_-e-s∏-Sm≥ Xm¶ƒ°v A\p-{Klw \evIp-
am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Xm¶-fpsS ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-sS, hnim-e-amb lrZ-b-
tØm-sS, Xs‚ Iev]-\-I-fpsS hgn-bn-eq-sS, {InkvXp-hns‚
kt¥m-j-Øn¬ apt∂-dm≥ Ahn-S∂v Xm¶sf A\p-{K-ln-°p-
am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥
ssZhnIIr]-bm¬, I¿Øm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Hcpan-®p-
Iq-Snb Cu k∂ymkn -Ip-Spw-_w, Xm¶-fpsS ]cn-]m-e-\Øm¬,
kz¿KobPohn-X-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
\h-ambn Bio¿h-Zn-°s - ∏´ B{i-at- {i-jT

v ≥ kvtXm{X-bm-KI- ¿a-Øn¬ apJy-
Im¿an-IXzw hln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, At±lw ssIIƒ kaq-lØ - n-\p-ta¬ hncn-
®p-]n-Sn-®v, Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®v, s]m¥n-^n-°≥
Bio¿hmZw \evIp-∂p.
Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb ]nXm-hmb ssZhw Xs‚ hm’eymXntc-
I-Øm¬ \nßsf ImØp-]m-en-°p-Ibpw \nß-fp-sS-ta¬ B{i-
a-t{i-jvT\ - mbn Fs∂ \ntbm-Kn-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈a- m-bXp-t]mse
Ahn-S∂ - ,v \sΩ F√m-hscbpw \nXym-\μ
- Ø
- n¬ ]¶m-fn-If- m-Im≥
CS-hc - p-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥
I¿Øm-hmb tbip{InkvXp, Xs‚ Iev]-\-I-fpsS hgn-
bn-eq-sS, hnimelrZ-b-tØm-sS, ktlm-Z-c-\n-¿-hn-ti-j-amb
kt¥m-j-Øn¬ apt∂-dm≥ \nßsf A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
lrZ-ssb-Iy-tØmsS \ΩpsS ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS A\p-
I¿Øm-°f - mbnØocp-∂X
- n\v, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hv, Htc-a\
- t- msS
Imcp-Wy-Øn-s‚bpw Pohn-Xh
- n-ip-≤n-bp-sSbpw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ \nd-
th-‰m≥ \aps°-√m-h¿°pw A\p-{Klw \evIp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
sa{Xm≥, kIe P\sØbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p:
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nß-sf F-√m-h-scbpw k¿h-
- mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ?]cnip-≤m-flmhpw ?
i-‡\
R. Bta≥
2
B{i-at- {i-jvTb
- psS Bio¿hmZw
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf.tbml15, 16
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: \nßƒ Fs∂ Xnc-s™--Sp-
°p-I-b-√, Rm≥ \nßsf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv;
\nßƒ t]mbn êw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \nß-fpsS êw
\ne-\n-ev°p-∂X
- n\pwth≠n Rm≥ \nßsf \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p
(s]-k-lm-°m-eØv, At√-eq-bm).
AYhm Cf.sImtfm 3,14˛15
F√m-‰n-s\bpw Iqń-bn-W°n ]cn-]q¿W-amb sFIyØn
¬ _‘n-°p∂ kvt\lw \nßƒ°v D≠m-bn-cn-°-s´. {InkvXp-
hns‚ kam-[m\w \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßsf BÀm-Zn-∏n-°s´
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zmkn-bmb N. sb Cu kaq-l-amb
N. s‚ B{i-a-t{i-jvT-bmbn Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp-h-t√m. {]hr-
Øn-I-fmepw DZvt_m-[-\-Ømepw Chƒ Xs‚ ktlm-Z-cn-am-
cpsS am\-k-ßƒ t\cm-b-h-bn-te°v ]cn-io-en-∏n-°m\pw Ah-
tcm-sSm∏w \nXy-k-Ωm-\-Øns‚ {]Xn-êw G‰hpw hm’-
ey-ap≈ CS-b-\mb Aßn¬\n∂v kt¥m-j-]q¿hw kzoI-cn-
°m\pw A\p-{K-ln-°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-
tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
\n¿tZ-iß-- ƒ°-\p-k-cn®v hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
{]m¿Y\ hn´p-If- b
- p-∂p.
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zmk-cpsS ImWn-°-Iƒ Aßv kzoI-
cn-°p-Ibpw Xß-sf-Øs∂ Hcp Bflo-b-_-en-h-kvXp-hmbn
A¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠v, Ah¿ bYm¿YFfn-a-bmepw A\p-k-c-W-
Ømepw kam-[m-\-Ømepw kZm \nd-bm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw
sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. I¿Øm-hm-b...
B{i-a-t{i-jvT-bpsS Bio¿hm-Z-I¿aw 899
k∂ymkn-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Bap-J-KoXn (pp) D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬, \h-ambn Bio¿h-Zn-°-s∏´ B{i-a-t{i-
jvT-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i\w Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬
\S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p:
(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, {]tXyI D]m¿∏-W-{]m¿Y\
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, Cu k∂ymkn\okaq-l-Øns‚
`c-W\ - n¿h-lW
- Ø
- n-\mbn Aßv Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-
amb Atß Cu Zmkn N. \ - p-th-≠n Atß°v Rß-f¿∏n-°p∂
Rß-fpsS tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw Atß IpSpw_w apgp-h-s‚bpw
Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßv
\evInb Zm\-ßƒ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw Ch-fn¬ ImØp-]m-en-°p-
Ibpw sNø-W-ta. Aß-s\, Atß Ir]-bm¬ kzoI-cn-®-Xv,
ktlm-Z-cnam-cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ i‡ns∏SØpamdmI-s´. (Rß-
fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-
cp-tf-W-ta. Bta≥).
k`sb Hm¿°-Wt- a. Rß-fpsS ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hmb N. ]m-∏-
mtbmSpw R-ßf - mb N. sa-{Xm-t\m-Spw sshZn-I-
- psS cq]Xm[y-£\
K-W-tØmSpsamØv k`-sb Aßv kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿W-Xb - n¬
FØn-°W - t- a. Cu k∂ymkn\okaq-lØ - ns‚ B{i-at- {i-jT v -
bmbn \evIm≥ Aßv Xncp-hp-≈a- mb Atß Cu Zmkn-sbbpw
Hm¿°-Wt- a.
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m-¿Y\-bn¬, kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥
I\n-b-Wta F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw sNm√p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, Ch-fpsS ktlm-Zc- n-am-cpsS tkh-\Ø- n¬, Cu
k∂ymkn\ok`-bpsS B{i-at- {i-jT v b- mbn C∂v Aßv \evIm≥
Xncp-hp-≈a
- mb Atß Cu Zmkn-sb i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØW - t- a.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

fn¬, F√m sshZn-I-scbpw F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, ]d-bp∂p:
Cu k∂ymkn\ok`-bpsS tkh-\Ø - n-\mbn C∂v Aßv
Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈a - mb Atß Cu Zmkn N. sbbpw
Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂h- s
- cbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-Xc- m-bn-cn-°p-∂h
- -
scbpw Atß kakvXk`-sbbpw Bflm¿Y-lr-Z-b-tØmsS
Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-hs - cbpw Hm¿°-Wt- a.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw aØm 20,28
AYhm
bYm¿Ykvt\lw Fhn-sS-bpt≠m, AhnsS ssZh-ap-≠v.
{InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\lw \sΩ H∂m-°n-Øo¿Øn-cn-°p∂p
I¿Øm-th, Atß IpSpw-_sØ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ISm-
£n-°p-Ibpw hnizmkclkyw BtLm-jn® Rßƒ, F√m-‰nepw
Aßsb al-Øz-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠,v kphn-tij]mX-bn-eqsS A\-
h-cXw Ncn-°m≥ CS-bm-°pIbpw sNø-W-ta. I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm≥, ]pXn-b-Xmbn Bio¿h-Zn-°-s∏´ B{i-a-t{i-jvT-bp-sS-ta¬
ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn®v ]d-bp∂p:
k`bpsS \∑- b v ° m- b n, Cu ktlm- Z - c namsc Xs‚
]p{Xs‚ kvt\l-Øn¬ kwtbm-Pn-∏n® ssZhw Xm¶sf `c-ta-
ev ] n- ® n- c n- ° p∂ IpSpw- _ sØ Ah¿ tXSp∂ ]cn- ] q¿W-
Xbnte°v \bn-°m≥ `‡n-bpsS ssNX\yw Xm¶ƒ°v \evIp-
am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
B{i-a-t{i-jvT-bpsS Bio¿hm-Z-I¿aw 901
Xm¶-fpsS ktlm-Z-cnam-tcm-Sp-IqsS, hnim-e-amb lrZ-

b-tØm-sS, Xs‚ Iev]-\-I-fpsS hgn-bn-eq-sS, {InkvXp-hns‚
kt¥m-j-Øn¬ apt∂-dm≥ Ahn-S∂v Xm¶sf A\p-{K-ln-
°p-am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥
ssZhnIIr]-bm¬, I¿Øm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Hcpan-®p-
Iq-Snb Cu k∂ymkn\ok-Ip-Spw-_w, Xm¶-fpsS ]cn-]m-e-
\Øm¬, kz¿KobPohn-X-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Im¿an-I≥, kIe P\sØbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v Bio¿h-Zn-
°p∂p:
ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nß-sf F-√m-h-scbpw k¿h-
- mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ? ]cnip-≤m-flmhpw ?
i-‡\
Bio¿hZn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
VII. I\y-Ia
- m-cpsS {]Xn-jvTmI¿aw
I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-]qP A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬, shfpØ \nd-tØm-
sStbm Xncp-\mƒ \nd-tØm-sStbm Cu I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-]qP D]-tbm-Kn-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Hcp I\y-I-bpsS {]Xn-jvTm-I¿a-Øn-\v, {]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb am‰-
ßƒ hcp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 104,4˛5
I¿Øm-hns\ At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw \nßƒ i‡n-{]m-]n-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥; AhnSsØ apJw kZm At\z-jn-°p-hn≥.
Ahn-S∂p sNbvX A¤p-X-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ A\p-kva-cn-°pIbpw
sNøp-hn≥ (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, I\y-I-bmbn Pohn-°m-\p≈ Xocp-am\w
Aßv A¶p- c n- ∏ n® Cu Zmkn- a m- c n¬ Aßv kam- c w- ` n®
{]hrØn ê-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øn-°Wta. kºq¿W-ka¿∏Ww
Atß°v Ah¿ \SØp∂-Xn\v, Ch-¿ kam-cw-`n-°p-∂ {]Xn-
jvTm-Po-hnXw ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bn-te°v FØn-t®-cm≥ A¿l-cm-
°m\pw A\p-{K-ln-°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-
tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, _en-h-kvXp-°ƒ A¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠v, Atß
Zmkn-am¿sNbvX- {]-Xn-⁄-bn¬ Dd-®p-\n-ev°m≥ Imcp-Wy-
]q¿hw A\p-{K-ln-°W- s
- a∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\,
AXyp-∂-X-\mb cmPm-hns‚ BK-a-\-thf-bn¬, hmXn-ep-Iƒ
Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, B\-μ-tØmsS kz¿K-cm-Py-Øn¬ {]th-
in-°m≥ Ch¿ A¿l-cm-Ip-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
k∂ymkn\oPohn-X-Øns‚ Bap-J-KoXn sNm√m-hp-∂-XmWv (pp ).
I\y-I-am-cpsS {]Xn-jvTmI¿aw 903
{]XnjvT \S-Ønb I\y-I-am-cpsS kvacW kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬,

Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ß-fn¬ \SØ-s∏-Sp∂p:
(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b
- n¬, {]tXyI D]m¿∏-W {- ]m¿Y\
AXn-\m¬, I¿Øm-th, Atß Cu Zmkn-am-cpsS {]Xn-
jvTm-Zn-\-Øn¬ Rßƒ Atß°p A¿∏n-°p∂ Rß-fpsS
tkh-\-Øns‚ Cu ImgvN{- Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-
Ibpw I\n-hm¿∂v ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ
{]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\, Atß Zm\-Øm¬ C∂v Atß ]p{X-
t\mSv Ah-Km-V-w sFIy-s∏-´v, temIm-h-km-\-Øn¬, Ahn-S∂v
al-Øz-tØmsS BK-X-\m-Ip-tºmƒ, BÀm-Z-tØmsS Ch¿
FXn-tc-ev°p-am-dm-I-s´. (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b {InkvXp-hgn
ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-tf-Wt- a, Bta≥).
(b) c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ sshZn-I-K-W-tØm-sSmØv
F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw Iqń-t®¿°p∂p:
I¿Øm- t h, Bflobm`n- t j- I - Ø m¬ Aßp {]Xn-
jv T n® Cu ktlm- Z - c n- a m- s cbpw Hm¿°- W ta; Aß- s \,
{InkvXp-hm-Ip∂ aW-hm-fs‚ BK-a\w {]Xo-£n-®p-sIm-≠v,
kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw IØn® hnf-°p-I-
fp- a m- b n, Atß°pw Atß P\- Ø n\pw Ch¿ \nc- ¥ cw
ip{iqj sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m-¿Y\-bpsS a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬,
kvt\l-Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-b-Wta F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw Iqń-
t®¿°p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, kphnt-ijmflIPohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ktlm-
Zc kvt\l-Øns‚bpw km£yw \evIn-s°m≠v `‡ym-Zc - ]
- q¿hw
Atß {InkvXp-hns\ ipjvIm-¥n-tbmsS A\p-K-an-°m≥ B{K-
ln-°p∂ Atß Cu Zmkn-amsc, Ah-cpsS ]mh\{]Xn-⁄-
bn¬ Aßv i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xncp-hp-≈-am-I-W-ta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK- oXn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, \mem-asØ kvtXm{X-

fn¬, F√m sshZn-I-scbpw F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, {]Xn-jvTn-X-cmb
I\y-I-am-cpsS kvacW C{]-Imcw Dƒt®¿°p∂p:
C∂v ssZhnIBcm-[-\bv°pw a\pjytkh-\-Øn-\pw-
th≠n Aßv Ft∂-°p-ambn {]Xn-jvTn® Cu ktlm-Z-cn-am-
scbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-h-scbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-
cn-°p-∂-h-scbpw Atß kakvXk`-sbbpw Bflm¿Y-lr-Z-
b-tØmsS Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-h-scbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw k¶o 41,2
\o¿®m¬ tXSp∂ am≥t]-S-sb-t∏m-se, ssZh-ta, Fs‚
Bflmhv Aßsb tXSp∂p (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Znhy-Zm-\-ß-fm¬ kw]q-cn-X-cm-bn, Rßƒ
tIW-t]-£n-°p-∂p. Atß Zmkn-am-cmb N. -s‚bpw N. -s‚bpw
Pohn-X-ssien am\hkaq-l-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn \nc-¥cw ]cn-
t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw k`-bpsS hf¿®°v Ahn-cmaw D]I-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Znhy-]q-P-bpsS kam-]-\-Ønse Bio¿hmZw
sa{Xm≥, ssZh-Øn\v \h-ambn {]Xn-jvTn-X-cmb I\y-I-am-cp-sS-ta¬
ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn®v sNm√p∂p:
k¿h-i‡ - \- mb ]nXm-hv, \nß-fpsS lrZ-bß
- f
- n¬ A¶p-
cn-∏n® `mKy-s∏´ I\ym-Xz-Øns‚ ZrV-{]-Xn⁄ Xs‚ kwc-
£-W-Øm¬ A`w-Kpcw ImØp-]m-en-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
{]Xn-jTv n-Xc
- mb I\y-Ia
- m-cpsS lrZ-bß- ƒ sshhm-lnI
DS-ºS- n-bm¬ Xt∂mSp kwtbm-Pn-∏n® I¿Øm-hmb tbip, \nß-
fpsS am\-kß - sf hnØmIp∂ ssZh-hN - \
- Ø
- m¬ ê-aW
- n-bn-
°p-am-dm-Is- ´.
R. Bta≥
I\y-I-am-cpsS {]Xn-jvTmI¿aw 905
I\y-I-a-dn-b-Øn-s‚-ta¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-h-cp-Ibpw C∂v

\nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-h∂v {]Xn-jvTn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvX ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv \nßsf ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw k`-bp-
sSbpw ip{iq-j-bv°mbn \nc-¥cw D÷z-en-∏n-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Im¿an-I≥ kIe P\-ß-sfbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm≠v Bio¿h-
Zn-°p∂p:
Cu Xncp-I¿a-Øn\v ChnsS IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf
F√m-h-scbpw k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ? ]p{X\pw
?]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ?A\p-{Kln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
AYhm
Znhy-{]Xn-⁄psS {]tNm-Z-I\pw \n¿hml-I-\p-amb
ssZhw, \nß-fpsS ssZh-hn-fn-bpsS [¿a-ßƒ hnizkvXa\-
t msS \nd- t h- ‰ m≥, Xs‚ Ir]- b m¬ \nßsf \nc- ¥ cw
]cn-]m-en-°p-am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥
Ahn-S∂v \nßsf Znhy-kvt\-l-Øns‚ ]¶m-fn-I-fpw
F√m P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw apºmsI AXns‚ km£nIfpw AS-
bm-fßfpamIm≥ CS-h-cp-Øp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
`qan-bn¬ \nßsf {InkvXp-hp-ambn H∂m-°n-Øo¿Ø
DS-ºSn kz¿K-Øn¬ I\n-hm¿∂v Ahn-S∂v \ne-\n¿Øp-am-dm-
I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Im¿an-I≥ kIe P\-ßs
- fbpw C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm≠v Bio¿h-Zn-
°p∂p:
Cu Xncp-°¿aß-fn¬ ]¶p-sIm≠ \nßsf F√m-h-
scbpw k¿h- i - ‡ - \ mb ssZhw, ]nXmhpw ? ]p{X\pw ?
]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ?A\p-{Kln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
VIII. k∂ymk{hX-hm-KvZm\w
I¿am-\p-jT v m\]qP-Iƒ A\p-hZ- n-®n-´p≈ Znh-kß
- f
- n¬ {]Yak∂ymk
{hXhm-KZv m-\Ø- n-s‚-bpw \nXy{hX-hm-KZv m-\Ø - n-s‚bpw {hX\ho-Ic- W
- Ø
- n-
s‚bpw Znhy-]q-PI- ƒ shfpØ \nd-tØm-sStbm Xncp-\m-fns‚ \nd-tØm-sStbm
sNm√m-hp-∂X - mWv.
]pcp-j\
- p-th≠n sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]m¿Y-\I - s
- f-√mw-Xs
- ∂, A\p-
bp-‡a - mb am‰-ßt- fmsS, kv{Xo°p-th≠nbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X - mWv;
IqSm-sX, _lp-hN - \
- Ø
- n-ep-≈h- b
- pw, Bh-iy-amb am‰-ßt- fmsS, GI-hN - -
\-Ønepw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂X - m-W.v
1. {]Ya k∂ymk{hX-hm-KvZm\w
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 39,8˛9
I¿Øm-th, Aß-bpsS lnXw \nd-th-‰m≥, CXm, Rm≥
hcp∂p; Fs‚ ssZh-ta, Rm\Xp Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p, Aß-
bpsS \nbaw Fs‚ lrZ-bØ- n-\p--≈n-ep≠v (s]-kl- m-°m-eØ
- ,v
At√-eq-bm).
AXyp--∂-X-ß-fn¬ sNm√p-∂p.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, {InkvXp-hns\ IqSp-X¬ ASpØv ]ns©-
√m-\p≈ Xocp-am-\-Øn\v Aßv t{]cW\evInb Rß-fpsS
Cu ktlm-Z-c¿°v, Ah¿ Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p∂ {]bm-W-Øn¬
B\-μ-I-c-amb ]cy-h-km\w \evI-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-
°p-∂p. Aß-s\, Atß°v kºq¿Wip{iqj-bpsS Zm\a¿∏n-
°m≥ Ah¿ A¿l-cm-Ip-am-dm-I-s´. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Ømth, k∂ymk{hX-hm-KvZm-\-Øns‚ Bcw`w
BtLm-jn-®p-sIm≠v Rßƒ Atß°v A¿∏n-°p∂ ImgvN-
{Z-hy-ßfpw {]m¿Y-\-Ifpw Aßv kzoI-cn-°p-I-bpw Atß Zmk-
cpsS {]Ya Bfl-_en, Atß Ir]-bm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°-
s∏-´v, kar-≤-amb ê-ß-fmbn ]cn-W-an°m≥ A\p-{K-ln-°p-
Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. I¿Øm-hm-b...
{]tXyI Bap-J-KoXn (pp).
k∂ymk{hX-hm-KvZm\w 907
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw a¿t°m 3, 35
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN- ø p∂p: ssZh- l nXw \n¿h- l n-
°p∂h\mtcm, Ah-\mWv Fs‚ ktlm-Z-c\pw ktlm-Z-cnbpw
AΩbpw (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Rßƒ kzoI-cn® cl-ky-ßƒ Rßsf
B\-μ`- c
- n-Xc
- m-°s - ´. Aß-s\, Ah-bpsS i‡n-hg- n, Atß Cu
Zmk-¿ Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p∂ k∂ym-kP - o-hn-XØ
- ns‚ [¿a-ßƒ hniz-
kvX-X-tbmsS \n¿h-ln-°m\pw Atß°v kzX{¥a\-t msS
tkh\w ImgvNh - b - v°m\pw A\p-{K-ln-°W - t- a. I¿Øm-hm-b...
2. \nXy{hX-hm-KvZm\w
A
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 121, 1˛2
I¿Øm-hns‚ Be-b-Øn-te°v \ap-°p-t]mImsa∂v A-
h¿ ]d-™-t∏mƒ Rm≥ kt¥m-jn®p; Pdp-k-te-ta, Rß-fpsS
]mZ-ßƒ \ns‚ Ihm-S-Øn\p≈n¬ FØn-bn-cn-°p∂p (s]-k-
lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
AXyp-∂-X-ß-fn¬ sNm√p∂p.
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh-ta, Atß ]p{Xs‚ Ime-Sn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ ASpØp
]ns©-√p-∂X - n\v ]cn-{i-an-°m≥X°-hÆw, Atß Cu Zmk-cn¬,
⁄m\-k\ v m-\h - c
- {- ]-kmZw A{X-tbsd ]pjvSn-s∏-SW
- s
- a∂v Aßv
Xncp-hp-≈a- m-bt- √m. kphn-tij]cn-]q¿WX \nc-¥cw ]n¥pS¿∂p-
sIm-≠,v Ah¿ k`bpsS hnip≤n h¿[-am-\a- m-°m\pw A∏kvtXm-
enIXo£v W X i‡n- s ∏- S p- Ø m\pw A\p- { K- l n- ° - W - t a.
Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®v, hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
{]m¿Y\ hn´p-I-f-bp∂p.
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zmk-cpsS ImWn-°-Ifpw {]m¿Y-\-
Ifpw Zbm-]q¿hw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw kphn-tij{hX-ßƒ G‰p-
]-d-bp∂ Chsc Atß kvt\l-Øn¬ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNø-W-ta. I¿Øm-hm-b...
Bap- J - K oXn: k\ykv X PohnXw, {Inkv X zm- \ p- I - c - W - Ø n- e q- s S- b p≈

ssZhip{iqj
amb ssZh-ta, Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-h-gn, Fßp-
sa-t∏mgpw Atß°p Rßƒ IrX-⁄X A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ DNn-Xhpw \ymb-hpw tbmKyhpw c£m-I-c-hp-am-
W-t√m.
I\y-I-bn¬\n∂v \n¿ae Ipkp-aw-t]mse D¤-hn® Ahn-S∂v
\njvIf¶lrZ-b¿ A\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-sW∂v AcpƒsN-øp-Ibpw
Xs‚ Pohn-X-co-Xn-bneqsS I\ym-Øz-Øns‚ al-\o-bX ]Tn-
∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atß Xncp-hp≈w \nd-th-‰p-∂X
- n¬ kZm
ZØ-{i-≤-\mb Ahn-S-∂v, Rßƒ°p-th≠n ac-W-tØmfw
A\p-k-c-W-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p-sIm-≠v, Xs∂-Øs∂ ]cn-
]q¿Whpw {]o-Xn-I-c-hp-amb _en Atß°v A¿∏n-°m≥ Xncp-
hp-≈-am-b-t√m.
`qan-bn¬ Atß-{]Xn k¿hhpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p∂-h-sc, Atß
aln-a-bpsS \n-kvXpetkh-\-Øn-\mbn Ahn-S∂v {]Xn-jvTn-°p-
Ibpw kz¿K-Øn¬ A£-b-\n[n Ah¿ Is≠-Øp-sa∂v Dd∏v
\evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
BI-bm¬, F√m amem-J-am-cp-sSbpw hnip-≤-cp-sSbpw KW-
tØm-SptNm¿∂v, Aßsb A\-h-cXw {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠v,
Atß°v kvXpXn-KoXw Rßƒ Be-]n-°p-∂p.
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bmK {]m¿Y-\I - fn¬, {hX{]Xn-⁄c

- psS ka¿∏Ww Xmsg-s°m-
Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ cq]-ßf
- n¬ kμ¿t`m-NnXw A\p-ka v c
- n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂p.
k∂ym-kn-am¿°p-th≠n
AXn-\m¬, I¿Øm-th, Atß Zm-k-cpsS {hXhmKvZm\-
Zn-\-Øn¬ Atß°v Rßƒ A¿∏n-°p-∂ Rß-fpsS tkh-\-
Øns‚ Cu ImgvN{- Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw I\n-
hm¿∂v ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-
°p-∂p. Aß-s\, Aßv \evInb Zm\-Øm¬ C∂v Xß-fpsS
PohnXw Atß°p ka¿∏n-®-h¿, Atß ]p{Xs‚ al-Øz-ta-
dnb BK-a-\-Øn¬, \nXy-s]-k-lm-bpsS B\μw A\p-`-hn-
°m≥ A¿l-cm-bn-Øo-cp-am-dm-I-s´. (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hm-b
{InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂ {]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-tf-Wt- a, Bta≥).
(b). c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bpsS a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y\Ifnn¬
sshZn-I-K-W-tØm-sSmØv F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw Iqń-t®¿°p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, \nc¥c-amb tkh-\Ø
- n-\mbn Atß°v C∂v Xß-
sf- Ø s∂ ka¿∏n® Cu ktlm- Z - c - s cbpw Hm¿°- W - t a.
Aßs\, Ah¿ Xß-fpsS a\ pw lrZ-bhpw Aßn-te°v
\nc-¥cw Db¿Øm\pw Atß-\maw al-Øz-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw A\p-
{K-ln-°-W-ta.
t®¿°p∂p:
C∂v, k∂ymk{hX-hm-KvZm-\Ø - ns‚ ]mh-\_ - ‘- Ø

- m¬
\nXy-ambn Aß-tbmSv Xß-sf-Øs∂ kwtbm-Pn-∏n® Atß
Cu Zmksc Ah-cpsS ]mh\{]Xn-⁄-bn¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
Aßv Xncp-hp-≈-am-hp-Ibpw {InkvXp-hns‚ ]cn-{Xm-W-Øn-eqsS
t\SnØ∂ \ho-\hpw k\m-X-\-hp-amb PohnXw Atß k`-
bn¬ Ah¿ {]I-S-am-°m≥ CS-bm-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-ta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK
bmK{]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv; CXns‚ a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬,
F√m sshZn-I-scbpw F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, \h-{]-Xn-⁄-cpsS
kvacW C{]-Imcw \SØp∂p:
\nXy-{hXhmKvZm-\Ø
- m¬ Aß-tbmSp IqSp-X¬ tN¿∂p-
\n∂v Atßbv°v {]Xn-jvTn-°p∂ Cu ktlm-Z-c-∑m-scbpw Cu
_en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-h-scbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-
scbpw Atß kakvX k`-sbbpw Bflm¿Y-lr-Z-b-tØmsS
Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-h-scbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.
k∂ym-kn-\nam¿°p-th≠n
AXn-\m¬ I¿Øm-th, Atß Zm-knamcpsS {hXhmKvZm\-
Zn-\Ø
- n¬ Atß°v Rßf¿∏n-°p∂ RßfpsS tkh-\Ø - ns‚
Cu ImgvN{- Zhyw kw{]o-XntbmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw I\n-hm¿∂v
]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.
Aßs\, Atß Zm\-Øm¬ C∂v Atß ]p{X-t\mSv Ah-KmVw
sFIy-s∏´,v temIm-hk- m-\Ø
- n¬ Ahn-S∂v al-Øz-tØmsS BK-
X-\m-Ip-tºmƒ BÀm-Z-tØmsS Ch¿ FXn-tc-ev°p-am-dm-Is´
tI´-cp-fW
- t- a, Bta≥).

- psS a[y-ÿ{- ]m¿Y\bn¬ sshZn-
I-K-W-tØm-sSmØv F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw Iqń-t®¿°p∂p:
I¿Øm-th, F√m-‰nepw Aßsb ImWp-∂-Xn\pw Xß-
sf-Øs∂ ad-∂p-sIm-≠v, kI-e-cp-sSbpw Bh-iy-ßƒ°mbn
Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°m-\p-am-bn, Aß-sb-{]Xn kI-eXpw Dt]£n®
Cu ktlm-Zcnam-scbpw Hm¿°-W-ta.
t®¿°p∂p:
kphn-ti-jm-flIPohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ktlm-Z-c-kvt\-l-
Øn-s‚bpw km£yw-\-evIn-s°m-≠v, `‡ym-Z-c-]q¿hw, Atß
{InkvXp-hns\ ]ns©-√m≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ Cu Zmkn-am-sc,
Ah-cpsS ]mh\{]Xn-⁄-bn¬ Aßv i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xncp-
hp-≈-ap-≠m-I-W-ta.
(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK
bmK{]m¿Y\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv; CXns‚ a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬,
F√m sshZn-I-scbpw F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-ti-jw, \h-{]-Xn-⁄-sNøp-
∂hcpsS kvacW C{]-Imcw Dƒt®¿°p∂p:
]mh-\-_-‘-Øns‚ A®m-c-Øm¬, C∂v Ft∂°p-
ambn Atß°v Xß-sf-Øs∂ {]XnjvTn® Cu ktlm-Z-cn-
am-scbpw Cu _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-h-scbpw ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-
cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-scbpw Atß kakvXk`-sbbpw Bflm¿Y-
lr-Z-b-tØmsS Aßsb tXSp∂ F√m-h-scbpw Hm¿°-Wta.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Kem 2,19˛20
Rm≥ {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqsS {Iqin-X\
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C\n-
ta¬, Rm\√ Pohn-°p-∂-Xv, {InkvXp-hmWv F∂n¬ Pohn-°p-
∂Xv (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Znhy-c-l-ky-ßƒ `‡n-tbmsS kzoI-cn-®v,
Rßƒ Aß-tbmSv Xmgva-tbmsS At]-£n-°p-∂p. Aß-s\,
]mh-\a
- mb ka¿∏-WØ- m¬ Aß-tbmSp _‘n-°s - ∏´ Atß
Zmksc ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ A·n-bm¬ D÷z-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw
Atß ]p{X-t\mSv \nXy-amb kl-hm-kØ
- n¬ H∂n-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNø-W-ta. Fs∂-∂pw...
Znhy-]q-P-bpsS kam-]-\-Ønse Bio¿hmZw
]ptcm-lnX≥, {hX-{]-Xn-⁄-sNøp-∂hcp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn®v
sNm√p∂p:
kXv{]Xn-⁄-I-fpsS {]tNm-Z-I-\mb ssZhw, \nßƒ
sNbvX {hX-{]-Xn-⁄-Iƒ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ hnizm-k-tØmsS
ImØp-]m-en-°m≥, \nßfpsS {hXßƒ ZrVo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
lrZ-b-ßƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
\nßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ CSp-ßnb hgn-bneqsS,
ktlm- Z - c - c psS `mc- ß ƒ BÀmZ- ] q¿hw hln- ® p- s Im- ≠ v ,
{InkvXp-hns‚ kt¥m-j-Øn¬ apt∂-dm≥ Ahn-S∂v \nßsf
R. Bta≥
I
- ¿Øm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf
{InkvXpkvt\lØns‚ {]XoIw {]Xn-ê - n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp IpSpw-
_-am-bn-Øo-cm≥ ssZh-kvt\lw \nßsf CS-bm-°p-am-dm-Is - ´.
R. Bta≥
Im¿an-I≥, C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm≠,v kIe P\-ßs
- fbpw Bio¿h-
Zn-°p∂p:
Cu Xncp-I¿a-ßƒ°mbn IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf F√m-
h-scbpw k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ? ]cn-
ip-≤m-flmhpw ?A\p-{K-ln-°pamdm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
B
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf.k¶o 65,13˛14
Zl-\_
- e- n-bp-ambn Rm≥ Aß-bpsS Be-bØ - n¬ hcpw;
Fs‚ A[-cß- ƒsIm≠v Aß-tbmSp t\¿∂ Fs‚ {]Xn-⁄-
Iƒ Rm≥ \nd-th‰pw (s]-kl - m-°m-eØ
- ,v At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, ]cn-ip≤\mb ]nXmt-h, Atß Zmk-cmb
N. s‚bpw N. s - ‚bpw {]Xn⁄ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw ÿncoI-cn-°p-
Ibpw \h-_‘ - ß - f
- m¬ i‡n-s∏SpØm≥ Ah¿ B{K-ln-°p∂
⁄m\-k\ v m-\Ø- ns‚ Ir], AXns‚ kºq¿W-êw Ah-cn¬
Df-hm-°m≥ CS-bm-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-ta. AXp-hg- n, Atß aln-
abv°v A¿l-amb Bcm-[\ Ah¿ \-eI v p-Ibpw At∏mkvXenI
Xo£vWX - b- m¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ cmPyw hym]n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
am-dm-Is
- ´. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß Zmk-cpsS ImgvN{- Z-hy-ßƒ Imcp-Wy-
]q¿hw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw ]cn-{Xm-WØ - ns‚ IqZm-ib - mbn cq]m-¥c
- -
s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNø-W-ta. Atß ]p{Xs\ IqSp-X¬ ASpØv
A\p-Ic- n-°p-∂X
- n-\,v ]nXr-\n-¿hn-ti-ja- mb ]cn-]m-e\- Øm¬ Aßv
hnfn-°m≥ Xncp-hp-≈-amb Ch-sc ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Zm\-
ßƒsIm≠v \nd-bv°p-Ibpw sNø-Wt- a. I¿Øm-hm-b...
{]tXyI Bap-J-Ko-Xnbpw(p) a[y-ÿ-{]m¿Y-\-Ifpw (p) sNm√p∂p.
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw k¶o 33, 9
I¿Ømhv F{X \√-hs - \∂v cpNn-®d
- n-bp-hn≥, AhnSsØ
- ≥ `mKy-hm≥ (s]-kl
B{i-bn-°p-∂h - m-°m-eØ - v, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, {hX-{]-Xn-⁄b - psS C∂sØ Cu Xncp-\mfpw
Znhy--Iq-Zm-ib
- psS `‡y]q¿h-I-amb kzoI-cW - hpw Rßsf B\-
μ-`c
- n-Xc- m-°s- ´. Aß-s\, `‡n-bpsS Zznhn[[¿a-ßf - mb k`-
sbbpw a\p-jy-scbpw ip{iq-jn-°p-∂X - n¬ Atß Zmk-cpsS lrZ-
b-ßƒ kvt\l-Xo-£W v X
- b
- m¬ D±o-]n-∏n-°m≥ Imcp-Wy-]q¿hw
A\p-{K-ln-°W - t- a. I¿Øm-hm-b...
]ptcm-ln-X≥, \h-{h-X-{]-Xn-⁄-sNbvXhcp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-
Sn®v ]d-bp∂p:
Znhy-{]-Xn-⁄-bpsS {]tNm-Z-I\pw \n¿hm-l-I-\p-amb
ssZhw, \nß-fpsS ssZhhnfn-bpsS [¿-aßƒ hniz-kvX-a-\-
t msS \nd-th-‰m≥, Xs‚ Ir]-bm¬ \nc-¥cw \nßsf ]cn-
]m-en-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Ahn-S∂v \nßsf Znhy-kvt\-l-Øns‚ ]¶m-fn-Ifpw
F√m P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw apºmsI AXns‚ km£nIfpw AS--
bm-f-ß-fp-ambn-Øo-cm≥ CS-bm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
`qan-bn¬ \nßsf {InkvXp-hp-ambn H∂m-°nØo¿Ø
DS-ºSn kz¿K-Øn¬ I\n-hm¿∂v \ne-\n¿Øp-am-dm-Is´.
R. Bta≥
Im¿an-I≥ C{]-Imcw Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v kIe P\-ßs
- fbpw Bio¿h-Zn-
°p∂p:
Cu Xncp-°¿a-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-sIm≠ \nß-sf-sb-√m-h-
scbpw k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZhw ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ?]cn-ip-
≤m-flmhpw A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
k∂ymk{hX-hm-KvZm-\-Øns‚ hm¿jn-I-Øn-ep≈ Znhy-]qP hnhn[ Bh-
iy-ßƒ°pth-≠n-bp≈ Znhy-]q-P-I-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p (pp).
3. k∂ym-k{- h-X\
- h
- o-Ic
- Ww
{]th-iI{]`-Wn-Xhpw Znhy-t`m-P\- {- ]-`W
- n-Xhpw apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p≈
Znhy-]q-PI
- f
- n¬\n∂,v kμ¿t`m-Nn-Xw, HscÆw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-hp-∂X - mWv
(pp).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
k¿h-N-cm-N-c-ß-fp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-e-I\pw a\p-jy-cpsS
\nb-¥m-hp-amb ssZh-ta, Xß-fpsS ka¿∏Ww ÿnco-Ic - n-°m≥
B{K-ln-°p∂ Atß Cu a°sf ISm-£n-°W - t- a. Aß-s\,
A\p-Zn\w k`m-c-l-ky-hp-ambn IqSp-X¬ KmV-ambn Ah¿
sFIy-s∏-Sm\pw am\hIpSpw-_-Øns‚ \∑-bv°mbn IqSp-X¬
Xo£v W - X - t bmsS bXv \ n- ° m\pw A\p- { K- l n- ° - W - t a.
Aß- t bm-Sp-Iq-sS...
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, Atß P\-Øns‚ ImWn-°-I-tfm-sSm∏w
Rß-fpsS Cu ktlm-Z-c-cpsS Nmcn-Xyw, Zmcn-{Zyw, A\p-k-
cWw F∂n-h-bpsS \ho-I-cn-°-s∏´ ka¿∏-Whpw I\n-thmsS
Aßv ISm-£n-°Wta. Cu sFlnIZm\-ßƒ \nXy-Pohs‚
Iq-Zm-i-bmbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Cu ka¿∏Ww \S-Øp-
∂-hc - psS am\-kß
- ƒ Atß ]p{Xs‚ kmZr-iy-Øn-te°v A\p-
cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.
Fs∂-∂pw...
{]tXyI Bap-J-KoXn (pp).
I¿Øm-th, kz¿KobIqZm-iI - ƒ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠,v Aß-
tbmSv Rßƒ tIW-t]-£n-°p-∂p. D∂-XØ - n¬\n-∂p≈ Atß
Ir]-bn¬ ]q¿W-ambpw B{i-bn-®p-sIm≠v {]Xn-⁄-Iƒ
Xo£vWX - t- bmsS \ho-Ic
- n® Atß Cu Zmk¿, {InkvXp-hns‚
i‡n-bm¬ _e-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ kwc-£-W-
Øm¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is- ´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
hN\ ip{iq-j-I-cp-sSbpw AƒØmc ip{iq-j-I-cp-sSbpw Ah-tcm-[\w 917
IX. hN\ ip{iq-jI - c

- p-sSbpw AƒØmc ip{iq-
j-Ic- p-sSbpw Ah-tcm-[\w
Ah-tcm-[-\-I¿aw Znhy-]q-P-bnemWv \S-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬, k`m-ip-{iq-j-
I¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Znhy-]q-P, sh≈-\n-d-tØm-sS-tbm Xncp-\mƒ \nd-tØm-
sStbm D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv (pp).
Bcm-[-\-{Ia Znh-k-ß-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ H∂p-ap-X¬ HºXphsc-bp≈
\º-dp-I-fn¬ {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ Znh-k-ß-fn-emWv \S-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬,
B Znh-ksØ Znhy-]qP sNm√p-∂p.
X. ssZhm-eb
- Ø
- n-s‚bpw AƒØm-cb
- p-sSbpw
{]XnjvT
1. ssZhm-eb{]XnjvT
ssZhm-eb{]XnjvT \S-Øp-tºmƒ, sh≈-\n-d-tØm-sStbm Xncp-\mƒ \nd-
tØm-sStbm {]tXyI I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-]qP Ft∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
s]klm {XnZn-\-Ønepw I¿Øm-hns‚ ]nd-hn-Øn-cp-\m-fnepw {]Xy-£o-
I-c-W-Xn-cp-\m-fnepw kz¿Km-tcm-lWXncp-\m-fnepw s]¥-s°mkvXmRmb-
dnepw hn`qXn_p[-\m-gvN-bnepw hnip≤hmc-Ønse CS-Zn-h-k-ß-fnepw
kIe acn®hnizm-kn-If - psS kvac-Wb
- nepw ssZhm-eb{]XnjvT \S-Øm≥
]mSpf-f-X-√.
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw Cf. k¶o 67, 6.7.36
ssZhw Xs‚ hnip≤ ÿe--Øn-emWv; ssZhw Xs‚
`h-\-Øn¬ hkn-°p-∂-hsc H∂m-°n-Øo¿°p∂p; Ahn-S∂p
Xs‚ P\-Øn\p i‡nbpw ss[cyhpw \evIpw (s]-k-lm-°m-
e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
AYhm, k¶o¿Ø\w 121˛t\m-Sp-IqsS Cf.k¶o 121,1
I¿Øm- h ns‚ Be- b - Ø n- t e°v kt¥m- j - t ØmsS
\ap°p t]mImw (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
k¿h-i‡ -- \pw \nXy-\p-amb ssZh-ta, Cu Be-b-Øn\p-
ta¬ AtßIr] sNmcn-bp-Ibpw Aßsb hnfn-®-t]-£n-°p-
∂-h¿s°√mw Atß klm-bw {]Zm\wsNøp-Ibpw sNø-Wt- a.
Aß-s\, ChnsS Atß hN-\-Øn-s‚bpw IqZm-iI -- -fp-sSbpw
i‡n hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS lrZ-b-ßƒ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p-∂p, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]m¿Y\ hn´p-I-f-bp-∂p.
ssZhm-e-b-Øn-s‚bpw AƒØm-c-bp-sSbpw {]XnjvT 919
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
I¿Øm-th, kt¥m-j-`-cn-X-bmb k`-bpsS ImWn--°-Iƒ
Atß°v kzoIm-cy-am-bn-Øo-c-s´. Aß-s\, Cu hnip-≤m-e-b-
Øn¬ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ Atß P\w Cu Znhycl-ky-
ßƒhgn, \nXy-c£ kw{]m-]n-°p-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
ssZhm-eb {]Xn-jT
v m-I¿a-tØmSv _‘-ap≈ Cu Bap-JK- o-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqsS
H∂m-as
- Øtbm aq∂m-as - Øtbm kvt{Xm{X-bmK{]m¿Y\ sNm√p-∂p.
Bap-J-KoXn: ssZhm-eb clkyw
Atß \maw F√m-bn-SØpw {]Io¿Øn-°-s∏-Sm-\m-bn, {]]-
©-am-k-Iew Atß al-Øz-Øns‚ Be-b-am-Im≥ Aßv C-
S-bm-°n-; F¶n-epw, Znhy-c-l-ky-ßƒ°mbn A\p-bp-‡-amb
ÿeßƒ Atß°p{]Xn- j v T n- ° m- ≥ Aßv Xncp- h p- ≈ -
amIp∂pht√m.
BI-bm¬, a\p-jy-{]-b-Xv\-Øm¬ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ønb Cu
{]m¿Y-\m-ebw Atß aln-a-bv°mbn Rßƒ kmtamZw {]Xn-
jvTn-°p-∂p.
ChnsS bYm¿Y Be-bØ
- ns‚ clkyw {]Xn-_nw-_n-°p-Ibpw
kz¿KobPdp-kt- e-ans‚ kmZriyw {]Xn-ê
- n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
h’eI\y-Ib
- n¬\n∂p PmX-\mb Atß ]p{Xs‚ ico-cw,
ssZhn-IX - z-Øns‚ ]q¿WX A[n-hk - n-°p-∂, Atß°p {]Xn-
jvTn-Xa
- mb Be-ba - m-Im≥ Aßv CS-bm°n.
am{X-a√
- , k`sb A∏-kvtXm-e∑ - m-cpsS ASn-ÿm-\Ø- n-t∑epw
{][m\ aqe-°√ - mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬Ø-s∂bpw ]Wn-bs - ∏´
hnip≤\K-ca - mbn Aßv ÿm]n-®p-ht- √m. Bflm-hm¬ D÷o-
hn-Xh
- pw kvt\l-Øm¬ H∂n-∏n-°s - ∏-´h
- bpamb Xnc-s™-Sp-°-
s∏´ ine-If - m¬ \n¿an-Xa
- mb Cu Be-bØ - n¬, Aßv F°m-
ehpw F√m-h¿°pw F√m-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw {InkvXp-hns‚
{]Imiw Ft∂°pw D÷z-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-at- √m.
I¿Øm-th, Ahn-S-∂p-h-gn, kIe amem-J-am-tcmSpw hnip-≤-
tcm-Sp-sam-Øv, BÀm-Z`- c
- n-Xc
- mbn Aßsb {]Io¿Øn®p-sIm-≠v,
Rßƒ {]tLm-jn-°p∂p.
]cn-ip-≤≥...
]Xn-h\
- p-kc
- n®v ssZhm-eb
- Ø
- n¬ Xncp-I¿a-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Cu Bap-J-Ko-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqsS H∂m-a-sØtbm
aq∂m-a-sØtbm kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y\ sNm√p-∂p.
Bap-JK
- oXn: ùXnIm-eb
- Ø - n-te°v
- n¬\n∂v ssZh-Øns‚ Be-bØ
R : Aß-bpsS Bflm-thm-Spw-IqsS
V : \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-Øn\p \μn{]Im-in-∏n-°mw.
W-t√m.
Fs¥-∂m¬, ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øm≥ Aßv Rßƒ°v I\n-™-cp-

fnb Zriy-amb Cu `h-\-Øn¬, Aßn-te°v Xo¿Ym-S\ - w- sN-
øp∂ IpSpw-_ßsf klm-bn-°m≥ Aßv Hcn-°epw hnc-an-
°mØ Cu ÿe-Øn¬, Aß-tbm-sSm-∏-ap≈ Rß-fpsS
kwk¿K-Øns‚ clkyw AZv`p-XI - c - a
- mw-hn[w Aßv {]I-Sa - m-
°p-Ibpw \nh¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂pht√m; Chn-sS, Atß-°p-
th≠n Rß-fm-Ip∂ `h\w Aßv ]Wn-bp-Ibpw temI-saßpw
hym]n-®p-In-S°- p∂ k`-sb, kz¿Kob\K-ca- mb Pdp-kt- e-an¬, kam-
[m-\Ø
- ns‚ Z¿i-\Ø - n¬ ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sp∂Xph-sc, I¿Øm-
hns‚ ico-cØ - n-te°v H∂mbn hf-cm≥ CS-bm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
BI-bm¬, hnip≤KW-ßt- fm-Sp-tN¿∂v, Atß al-Øz-Øns‚
Be-bØ- n¬, C{]-Imcw {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Rßƒ Aßsb
kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw hmgvØn-∏p-Ig- Ø
v p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠,v al-
Øz-s∏--Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
]cn-ip-≤≥...
kvtXm{X-bm-K{-- ]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬, ssZhm-eb {]Xn-jvT, Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-
°p∂ cq]-ßƒ°\pk-cn-®v A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
AXn-\m¬ I¿Ømth, hniz-kvX-a-\-t msS Cu ssZhm-
ebw N. s‚ _lp-am-\m¿Yw Atß°v A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw A£o-
W-]-cn-{i-a-Øm¬ AXv ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX Atß
Zmk-cp-sSbpw Rß-fpsS tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw Cu ImgvN-{Zhyw
kw{]o-Xn-tbmsS Aßv kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn-
°p-∂p (Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp-hgn ka¿∏n-°p∂
{]m¿Y\ tI´-cp-tf-W-ta, Bta≥).
(b) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m-¿Y\-bpsS a[y-ÿ{- ]m¿Y-\I
- f
- n¬, kvt\l-
Ønepw Dd-∏n-°m≥ I\n-bW
- ta F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p-tijw ]dbp∂p:
Cu ssZhm-ebw Atß°p {]Xn-jT v n-°p∂ Cu IpSpw-_-

Øns‚ At]-£I - ƒ Zbm-]q¿hw tI´-cp-fW - t- a. CXv Ch¿°v
c£-bpsS `h-\hpw kz¿KobIqZm-iI - f
- psS thZnbpw Bbn-cn-°s´;
kam-[m-\Ø- n-s‚ kphn-tijw ChnsS apg-ßn-t°ƒ°p-Ibpw Znhy-
c-lk
- y-ßƒ BtLm-jn-°s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNø-s´. AXp-hg- n, Atß
hnizm-kn-Iƒ, Pohs‚ hN-\Ø - mepw Znhy-Ir-]b - mepw DZvt_m-[n-
X-cm-bn, sFln-I-\-K-cn-bn-eqsS Xo¿Ym-S\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠v,
imizXP-dp-k-te-an¬ FØn-t®-cm≥ A¿l-cm-I-s´. Imcp-Wy-
hm\mb ]nXm-th, F√m-bn-SØpw NnX-dn-°n-S° - p∂ Aß-bpsS
F√m a°-sfbpw Aßn-te°v Zbm-]q¿hw H∂n∏n-°W - ta.
arXn-bS- ™ Rß-fpsS ktlm-Zc
- s
- c-bpw...
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf.aØm21, 13; eq°m 11,10
I¿Ømhv AcpƒsN-øp∂p: Fs‚ `h\w {]m¿Y-\m-ebw
F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Spw. AhnsS tNmZn-°p∂ Gh\pw e`n-°p∂p;
At\z-jn-°p-∂h
- ≥ Is≠-Øp∂p; ap´p-∂h - \v Xpd-∂p-In-´p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
AYhm, Cf. k¶o 127,3
Hen-hp-ssX-Iƒt]mse, k`m-a-°ƒ I¿Øm-hns‚ tai-
bv°p-Np‰pw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Ss´ (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, Rßƒ kzoI-cn® Cu Znhy-Zm-\-ßƒh-gn,
Atß kXyw Rß-fpsS am\-k-ß-fn¬ kar-≤-ambn \nd-
bv°-W-sa∂v Rßƒ {]m¿Yn°p-∂p. Aß-s\, Cu hnip-≤m-
e--b - Ø n¬, Aßsb Rßƒ \nc- ¥ cw Bcm- [ n- ° p- I bpw
Atß k∂n-[n-bn¬ F√m hnip-≤-tcm-SpsamØv \nXy-\n¿hr-
Xn-b-SbpIbpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´. I¿Øm-hm-b...
sa{Xm≥, P\-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn-®v sNm√p∂p:
C∂v Cu `h-\-Øns‚ {]Xn-jvTm-I¿a-Øn¬ \nßsf
Hcp-an-®p-Iq-ńb kz¿K-Øn-s‚bpw `qan-bp-sSbpw I¿Øm-hmb
ssZhw kz¿Ko-bm-\p-{K-l-ß-fm¬ \nßƒ ]qcn-X-cmIm≥ CS-
bm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
NnX-dn-°-s∏´ a°-sf-√m-hcpw Xs‚ ]p{X-\n¬ Hcp-
an®pIqSm≥ Xncp-a-\- mb Ahn-S-∂v, \nßsf Ahn-SsØ `h-
\hpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ hmk-ÿ-e-hp-ambn `hn-°m≥ A\p-
{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
kt¥m-j-]q¿hw ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´v, \nß-fn¬Øs∂
ssZhw hkn-°m\pw \nXym-\-μ-Øns‚ Ah-Imiw F√m hnip-
≤-tcm-sSm∏w \nßƒ ssIh-cn-°m\pw CS-bm-Ip-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
]nXmhpw ?]p{X\pw ? ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hp-amb ?k¿h-
i-‡\
- mb ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{Klw \nßfn¬ h∂-Wb - p-Ibpw
F∂pw \ne-\n-ev°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
{]Xn-jvTb
- psS hm¿jn-IØ
- n-\p≈ Znhy-]qP s]mXp-{]m¿Y-\I
- f
- n¬ ImWm-
hp-∂-XmWv (pp).
2. AƒØmc{]XnjvT
AƒØmc{]XnjvT \S-Øp-tºmƒ sh--≈\ - n-dt- Øm-sS-tbm Xncp-\mƒ \nd-
tØm-sStbm {]tXyI I¿am-\p-jvTm-\] - qP Ft∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
s]k-lm-{Xn-Zn-\Ø- nepw hn`qXn _p[-\m-gvNb - nepw hnip-≤h- m-cØ
- nse CS-
Zn-h-k-ß-fnepw kIe acn®hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kvac-W-bnepw AƒØmc
{]XnjvT \S-Øm≥ ]mSp-≈X - √
- . I¿Øm-hns‚ ]nd-hn-Øn-cp-\m-fnepw {]Xy-
£o-I-c-WXn-cp-\m-fnepw kz¿Km-tcm-lWXncp-\m-fnepw s]¥-s°mkvXm
Rmb-dnepw AXp-t]m-se-Xs - ∂, BK-a\ - I- m-es- Øbpw X]- p-Im-es - Øbpw
s]k-lm-°m-es - Øbpw Rmb-dm-gvNI - f- nepw Cu I¿a-tØmSv KmV-ambn
_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y-\bpw Bap-J-Ko-Xn-bp-sam-gn-tI,
AXXpZnh-ksØ Znhy-]qP D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
{]th-i-I-{]-`-WnXw k¶o 83,10˛11
Rß-fpsS ]cn-N-bmb ssZh-ta, Atß A`n-jn-‡s‚
apJw ISm-£n-°-W-ta, A\y-ÿeØv Bbncw Znh-k-sØ-
°mƒ Aß-bpsS kt¶-X-Øn¬ Hcp Znhkw Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xv
IqSp-X¬ A`n-Im-ay-am-Wv. (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm)
AYhm k¶o 42,4
ssZh-Øn-s‚ AƒØm-c-bn-¶-te-°v, Fs‚ bph-ØzsØ
kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p∂ ssZh-Øn-¶t- e°v Rm≥ sN√pw. (s]-kl - m-
kan-Xn-{]m¿Y\
ssZh- t a, Ipcn- i ns‚ AƒØm- c - b n¬ Db¿Ø- s ∏´
Atß ]p{X-\n-te°v kI-e-sØbpw kam-I¿jn-°m≥ Aßv
Xncp-hp-≈-am-b-t√m. Cu AƒØm-csb Atß°v ka¿∏n-
°p∂ Atß k`sb kz¿KobIr]m-h-c-Øm¬ Aßv \ndbv-
°-W-ta. Cu AƒØm-c-ta-i-bn--em-Wt√m H∂mbn Hcp-an®pIq´-
s∏´ Atß hnizm-kn-Isf Atß ]cn-]m-e-\-Øm¬ Aßv
]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Bflm-hns‚ h¿j-Øm¬ A\p-Zn\w
Atß°v {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb Hcp P\-ambn Ah-tcm-[n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-Xv. Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS...
hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]m¿Y\ hn´p-I-f-bp-∂p.
ss\th-Zy-{]m¿Y\
Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-ta, Atß ]cn-ip-≤m-
flmhv Cu AƒØm-cb - p-sS-ta¬ Cd-ßn-h∂- v Atß P\-Øns‚
ImgvN-{Z-hy-ßƒ ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-
cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ I\n-thmsS ip≤o-I-cn-°p-IbpwsNøs´sb∂v
AƒØmc{]Xn-jT v t- bmSv KmU-ambn _‘-s∏´ Cu Bap-JK - o-Xn-tbmSpIqsS
H∂m-as
- Øtbm aq∂m-as - Øtbm kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y\ sNm√p-∂p.
Bap-J-KoXn: {InkvXp-X-s∂-bmWv AƒØmc
W-t√m.
bYm¿Y ]ptcm-ln-X\pw bYm¿Y _en-hk - vXp-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂v,
Ahn- S ∂v- X- ∂ - Ø s∂ Ipcn- i ns‚ AƒØm- c - b n¬
Atß°¿∏n® _en-bpsS kvacW F∂pw BtLm-jn-°m≥
Rß-tfmSv Aßv Iev]n-®p-h-t√m.
BI-bm¬, I¿Øm-th, Atß P\w ]Wn-Xp-b¿Ønb Cu
AƒØmc Atß°v Rßƒ BÀm-Z] - q¿hw {]Xn-jT v n-°p-∂p.
Znhycl-ky-Øm¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ _en \nc-¥cw A¿∏n-°-
s∏-Sp∂Xpw ]cn-]q¿WkvXpXn Atß°v ka¿∏n°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw
Rß-fpsS ]cn-{XmWw \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb ChnSw
bYm¿YØn¬ D∂-X-ÿ-e-am-Wv.
Chn-sS-bmWv I¿Øm-hns‚ tai Hcp-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw {InkvXp-

hns‚ ico-c-Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-X-cmb Atß a°ƒ GIhpw
hnip-≤-hp-amb k`-bn¬ H∂m°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv.
Chn-sS-bmWv hnizm-kn-Iƒ, Bflobine-bmb {InkvXp-
hn¬\n∂p \n¿K-fn-°p∂ Dd-hbn¬\n∂v Atß Bflm-hns\
]m\w-sN-øp-∂Xpw Ahn-S∂ - p-hgn Ah¿Xs∂bpw hnip≤ _en-
-h-kvXphpw kPoh _en-]o-Thp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xpw.
BI-bm¬, I¿Øm-th, kIe amem-J-am-tcmSpw hnip-≤-tcm-
Sp-sam-Øv, BÀm-Z-`-cn-X-cmbn Aßsb {]Io¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v
Rßfpw {]tLm-jn-°p∂p.
]cn-ip-≤≥...
Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf.k¶o 83,4˛5
_e-hm-\mb I¿Øm-th, Fs‚ cmPm-th, Fs‚ ssZh-
ta, Ipcp- I n¬]£n Hcp kt¶- X hpw aoh¬]£n Xs‚
Ip™p- ß ƒ°p- t h≠n Hcp IqSpw Aß- b psS AƒØm- c -
bn¶¬ Is≠-Øp-∂p-h-t√m. Ft∂°pw Aßsb kvXpXn-
®p-sIm≠v Atß `h-\-Øn¬ hkn-°p-∂-h¿ `mKy-hm-∑m¿
AYhm, Cf. k¶o 127, 3
Hen-hp-ssX-Iƒt]mse, k`m-a-°ƒ I¿Øm-hns‚ tai-
bv°p-Np‰pw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Ss´ (s]-k-lm-°m-e-Øv, At√-eq-bm).
I¿Øm-th, _en-bpsS IqZmi BtLm-jn-°s∏Sp∂
Atß AƒØm-ctbmSv kZm -tN¿∂p\n-ev°m≥ Rßƒ°v
A\p-{Klw \evI-W-ta. Aß-s\, hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-
Ønepw sFIy- s ∏- ´ v , {Inkv X p- h m¬ ]cn- t ]m- j n- X - c m- I p∂
Rßƒ, {InkvXp-hn-te°v cq]m-¥c - s
- ∏-Sp-am-dm-Is
- ´. Fs∂-∂pw...
sa{Xm≥, P\-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ ssIIƒ hncn-®p-]n-Sn-®v sN√p∂p:
cmP-Iob ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øm¬ \nßsf Ae-¶-cn-°p∂
ssZhw, \nß-fpsS [¿a-ßƒ hnip-≤n-tbmsS \n¿hln-®p-sIm-≠,v
{InkvXp-hns‚ _en-bn¬ kap-NnXw ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ \nßsf
{]m]vX-cm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
Htc tai-bn-te°v \nßsf Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´p-Ibpw Htc A∏-
Øm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ahn-S∂v \nßƒ Htc
lrZ-bhpw Htc a\- p-ap-≈-h-cm-Im≥ CS-bm-°p-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥
{InkvXp-hns\ Btcm- s S√mw \nßƒ {]tLm-jn-°p-
∂pthm, Ah-sc-sb√mw, \nß-fpsS kvt\l-Øns‚ amXr-Ib - m¬
{InkvXp-hn-te°v B\-bn-°m≥ Ahn-S∂v \nßsf A\p-{K-ln-°p-
am-dm-Is
- ´.
R. Bta≥
]nXmhpw ? ]p{X\pw ? ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hp-amb ?k¿h-
i-‡\
- mb ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{Klw \nß-fn¬ h∂-Wb - p-Ibpw
F∂pw \ne-\n-ev°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.
R. Bta≥

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815

BKa-\I - m-esØbpw X]- p-Im-es - Øbpw s]k-lm-°m-es - Øbpw Rmb-

Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw Cf. tbml 4, 14

X]- p-Im-esØ \memw Rmb-dm-gN

s]k-lm-°m-e-Øv, s]k-lm-°m-e-Ønse c≠masØ Bap-J-KoXnbpw

I¿Øm-th, ⁄m\-k\ v m-\Ø- n-eqsS (bpw ssÿcy-te-]-

]cnip≤mﬂm-hns‚ H∂m-asØ Bap-JK - o-Xntbm (p) c≠m-asØ Bap-J-

III. Xr∏m-tYb ip{iqj

Znhy-t`m-P-\{]-`-WnXw tbml 6,54

\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v, hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNm√p∂p; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

I¿Ømth, ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]nXm-th, k¿h-i-‡\pw \nXy-\p-

(a) H∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bmK {]m¿Y-\-bn¬, \h-sa-{Xms‚ {]tXyI

as‰mcp sa{Xm≥ sNm√p∂p:

(d) {]tXyI Bap-JK - oXn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, \mem-asØ kvtXm{X-

AP-K-W-ß-fpsS A\p-k-cWw Hcn-°epw Ipd-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

as‰mcp sa{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p:

(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

sa{Xm≥]´-{Iaw \S-Øp∂ sa{Xm≥ kvtXm{X-bm-K-I¿a-Øns‚ apJy-

Chn-sS- Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nßsf F√m-h-scbpw k¿h-i-

kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® sshZn-I-cpsS

(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

Ahn-S∂v \nßsf temI-Øn¬ Znhy-kvt\-l-Øns‚bpw

BI-bm¬, I¿Ømth, F√m amem- J - a m- t cmSpw hnip- ≤ -

(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m-¿Y\-bn¬ c£bpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥

Bap-J-Ko-Xn. {InkvXp, k`-bnse F√m ip{iq-j-I-fp-sSbpw t{kmX v

kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® Uo°-∑m-cpsS

(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

{InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°m-\p≈ ZuXyw

Bap-J-Ko-Xn. {InkvXp, k`-bnse F√m ip{iq-j-I-fp-sSbpw t{kmX v

kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬, ]pXn-b-Xmbn ]´w kzoI-cn® Uo°s‚ ]cm-

(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

Bap-J-Ko-Xn. {InkvXp k`-bnse F√m ip{iq-j-I-fp-sSbpw t{kmX v

(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

I¿Ømth, ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]nXm-th, k¿h-i-‡\pw \nXy-\p-

(b) c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ H∂m-bn-t®¿°-W-sa∂v

F√m-hcpw Aev]-t\-cw- au-\-ambn {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.

I¿Øm-th, Aß-tbmSv Rß-fn-t∏mƒ At]-£n-°p∂p;

Znhy-]qPmkam-]-\-Ønse kmtLmj Bio¿hmZw

Bap-J-KoXn: hnhm-l-Øns‚ al-Ømb IqZmi

Atß Zmk-cmb N. s- ‚bpw N. s‚bpwta¬ Atß he-

I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kX v p-th F∂ {]m¿Y\ hn´p-If - ™

Bap-J-KoXn: hnhmlw, ssZhn-I-kvt\-l-Øns‚ AS-bmfw.

I¿Øm-th, kt¥m-jØ - n¬ Ch¿ Aßsb kvXpXn-°p

k`sb Ah-km-\w-hsc kvt\ln® Ahn-S∂ - v, \nßfpsS

hnhml hm¿jn-IØ - n-\p≈ Znhy-]qP hnhn[ Bh-iy-ßƒ°pth≠nbp≈

(c) aq∂m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m-¿Y\-bn¬ c£bpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥

\h-ambn Bio¿h-Zn-°s - ∏´ B{i-at- {i-jT

k∂ymkn-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Bap-J-KoXn (pp) D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK

Xm¶-fpsS ktlm-Z-cnam-tcm-Sp-IqsS, hnim-e-amb lrZ-

{]XnjvT \S-Ønb I\y-I-am-cpsS kvacW kvtXm{X-bm-K-{]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬,

(d) {]-tXyI Bap-JK- oXn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, \mem-asØ kvtXm{X-

I\y-I-a-dn-b-Øn-s‚-ta¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-h-cp-Ibpw C∂v

Bap- J - K oXn: k\ykv X PohnXw, {Inkv X zm- \ p- I - c - W - Ø n- e q- s S- b p≈

kvtXm{X-bmK {]m¿Y-\I - fn¬, {hX{]Xn-⁄c

C∂v, k∂ymk{hX-hm-KvZm-\Ø - ns‚ ]mh-\_ - ‘- Ø

(b) c≠m-asØ kvtXm{X-bm-K{- ]m¿Y-\b

IX. hN\ ip{iq-jI - c

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