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Assessment of moisture distribution in a pre-cracked asphalt concrete

pavement based on finite element method

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ISSN 2734-9888
NĂM THỨ 60
60Th Year 10-2021
 Phát triển xây dựng bền
vững trong điều kiện biến đổi
khí hậu khu vực Đồng bằng
sông Cửu Long

Tập hợp các chuyên đề nghiên cứu khoa học do Trường Đại học Xây dựng Miền Tây
tổ chức, nhằm phổ biến kết quả nghiên cứu để áp dụng trong thực tiễn với chủ đề “Phát
triển xây dựng bền vững trong điều kiện biến đổi khí hậu khu vực Đồng bằng sông Cửu
Long”, nhân Kỷ niệm 45 năm thành lập Trường và 10 năm mang tên Trường Đại học Xây
dựng Miền Tây
Phụ trách nội dung: TS Nguyễn Văn Xuân - Hiệu trưởng Trường Đại học Xây dựng Miền Tây; ThS Nguyễn Ngọc Long Giang - Phòng Khoa học và HTQT - Trường Đại học Xây dựng Miền Tây

ISSN 2734-9888 10.2021 49

 PHÁT TRIỂN X ÂY DỰNG BỀN VỮNG TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU KHU VỰC ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG

LÊ HỒ TUYẾT NGÂN, HUỲNH TRỌNG NHÂN 52 Đánh giá hiệu quả giải pháp cách nhiệt phần mái công trình nhà ở vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
NGÔ LÊ MINH, HOÀNG THỊ THANH HÀ 55 Đô thị ven biển vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long và tác động từ hiện tượng biến đổi khí hậu
VO VAN NAM, TRAN THE TRUYEN 62 Phân tích ảnh hưởng của mức độ ăn mòn cốt thép trong bê tông đến ứng xử của dầm bê tông
VŨ HOÀNG HƯNG, TRẦN ĐÌNH HÒA, 66 Thảo luận một số vấn đề về kết cấu thép cửa van khẩu độ lớn ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
ĐỖ XUÂN CƯỜNG, VĂN THẾ DŨNG, TRẦN XUÂN HẢI
NGUYỄN TRỌNG CHỨC, MARIUSZ ZYCH, 72 Nghiên cứu, đánh giá sự hình thành các vết nứt nhiệt cục bộ trong kết cấu bê tông khối lớn ở tuổi
ĐỖ THỊ MỸ DUNG, NGUYỄN THỊ MINH HẰNG sớm ngày
PHAN QUANG MINH, NGUYỄN VIỆT PHƯƠNG, 77 Giải pháp khối phá sóng Tetrapod bê tông lắp ghép thân thiện môi trường
PHẠM THÁI HOÀN
LE THANH TRUNG, BACH VU HOANG LAN, 82 Mô hình số thí nghiệm cọc khoan nhồi phụt vữa thân cọc
NGUYEN NGHIA HUNG, TRAN HUU BANG
ĐÀO THỊ NHƯ 86 Phát huy giá trị di sản kiến trúc đô thị theo hướng kiến tạo thương hiệu đô thị để thúc đẩy nguồn lực
phát triển đô thị
ĐỖ THỊ MỸ DUNG, LÂM THANH QUANG KHẢI, 94 Quản lý chất lượng thi công cọc khoan nhồi
NGUYỄN TRỌNG CHỨC, ĐOÀN VĂN DUẨN
TRƯƠNG CÔNG BẰNG 101 Quy trình lập tiến độ dự án bằng lý thuyết tập mờ
NGUYỄN QUỐC TOẢN, NGUYỄN THỊ MỸ HẠNH 108 Lựa chọn phương án sử dụng ván khuôn trong thi công nhà cao tầng bằng phương pháp AHP
NGUYỄN DUY LIÊM, ĐỖ XUÂN SƠN, 114 Ứng dụng rọ đá vỏ lưới nhựa chống xói bờ kè trong môi trường xâm thực
LÂM NGỌC TRÀ MY
VÕ VĂN ĐẤU, VÕ PHÁN, TRẦN VĂN TUẤN 119 Thiết lập mô hình vật lý xác định sự phân bố tải trọng dọc trục của cọc trong hệ móng bè cọc
TẠ ĐỨC THỊNH, NGUYỄN THÀNH DƯƠNG, 124 Nghiên cứu đề xuất công nghệ cọc cát biển-xi măng-tro bay xử lý nền đất yếu phục vụ xây dựng vùng
NGUYỄN TRỌNG DŨNG, ĐẶNG QUANG HUY, ven biển Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
HỒ ANH CƯƠNG, NGUYỄN TẤN SƠN
VÕ VĂN ĐẤU, TRẦN VĂN TỶ, ĐỖ ANH HÀO, 130 Phân tích sự làm việc của móng bè cọc theo mô hình hệ số nền
LÂM TẤN PHÁT
NGUYỄN XUÂN MÃN, NGUYỄN DUYÊN PHONG, 135 Giải pháp chống sạt lở bờ sông, biển bằng kè mềm sử dụng bao sinh thái
NGUYỄN DUY BẮC VIỆT
VÕ VĂN ĐẤU, VÕ PHÁN, TRẦN VĂN TUẨN, TRƯƠNG 140 Nghiên cứu quan hệ tải trọng và chuyển vị của cọc trong hệ móng bè cọc bằng mô hình tỉ lệ nhỏ
TRUNG HIẾU, TRẦN NHẬT LÂM, NGUYỄN NGỌC EM
NGUYỄN THỊ NỤ, TẠ THỊ TOÁN, VŨ NGỌC BÌNH 145 Khả năng cải tạo đất than bùn hóa abQ23 phân bố tại khu vực Kiên Ggiang bằng xi măng kết hợp với
phụ gia thủy tinh lỏng
LÊ BÁ DANH, PHẠM DUY HÒA, NGUYỄN BÌNH HÀ, 148 Nghiên cứu ứng dụng bê tông Geopolymer cho kết cấu dầm dự ứng lực công trình cầu hướng tới phát
CAO BẮC ĐĂNG triển bền vững
PHẠM DUY HÒA, NGUYỄN VIỆT PHƯƠNG, 153 Nghiên cứu ứng dụng bê tông tro bay cát mặn cho công trình hạ tầng ven biển hướng tới phát triển
LÊ BÁ DANH bền vững
TRẦN BÁ VIỆT, NGÔ VĂN THỨC, LƯƠNG THẾ HÙNG 159 Nghiên cứu ứng dụng bê tông siêu tính năng trong xây dựng dầm cầu cho giao thông nông thôn tại
Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
HUỲNH VĂN HIỆP, LÂM VĂN CHÚC, HUỲNH HỒNG, 163 Nghiên cứu sử dụng hỗn hợp đất và xỉ than để làm nền đường giao thông
BÙI PHƯỚC HẢO
LÊ HOÀI BÃO, BÙI QUỐC BẢO 171 Nghiên cứu một số đặc tính cơ học của bê tông Geopolymer cốt liệu tái chế
LÊ VĂN TUẤN, NGUYỄN QUỐC TOẢN 176 Giải pháp thúc đẩy sử dụng tro, xỉ nhà máy nhiệt điện than làm vật liệu xây dựng trong xu thế nền
kinh tế tuần hoàn tại Việt Nam
TĂNG VĂN LÂM, VŨ KIM DIẾN, BULGAKOV BORIS 183 Nghiên cứu sử dụng kết hợp tro bay nhiệt điện với xỉ lò cao để chế tạo bê tông chất lượng cao hạt
IGOREVICH mịn không xi măng

50 10.2021 ISSN 2734-9888


TRẦN PHÚ LỘC 191
NGUYỄN HẢI LỘC; NGUYỄN THẾ QUÂN 197
NGUYỄN MẠNH HÙNG, NGUYỄN THẾ QUÂN, 203
VŨ NAM NGỌC, NGUYỄN MINH ĐỨC
DO DUY THINH, NGUYEN THANH XUAN YEN, 214
NGUYEN THI THUY TRANG, LE TUNG DIEM THI,
NGUYEN THI MINH DIEU, NGUYEN VAN LONG
NGUYEN THI MINH DIEU, DO DUY THINH, 221
NGUYEN NGOC PHUONG THAO
NGUYEN VAN THO, NGUYEN NGOC LONG GIANG, 228
NGUYEN VAN XUAN, TRUONG CONG BANG,
DINH HOAI LUAN, NGUYEN VAN TRUNG,
HUYNH PHAN KHANH BINH, TRAN VAN TY
VO HONG LAM, TRAN HUU BANG 233
ĐOAN VAN DUAN, VU THI KHANH CHI, 237
ĐO THI MY DUNG
TRAN HUU BANG, LE VAN BACH, LE THANH TRUNG, 243
VO HONG LAM, PHAN TO ANH VU
TOAN M. NGUYEN, NGHIEP M. NGUYEN, TAN 247
NGUYEN, LOC V. TRAN
PHAM MINH TUAN, VO DAI NHAT, NGUYEN DINH TU 251
NGUYEN MINH DUC, TRAN QUANG PHU, 256
NGUYEN BA HOANG
TRAN DINH HIEU, TRAN HUU BANG, 259
NGUYEN HONG GIANG
THANH QUOC TRUONG, TIN TRUNG NGUYEN, 263
THO TRUONG NGUYEN, PHUOC HOAI LE,
KHANG LE DINH TRAN, HUNG TAN PHAM,
MARC DESCLOITRES
PHAM MINH TUAN, VO DAI NHAT, PHAM VAN HUNG 269
PHAM MINH TUAN, VO DAI NHAT, VO THANH LONG, 274
VO DINH UY
NGUYEN THANH DUONG, NGUYEN VAN HAI 279
NGUYEN TAN HUNG, NGUYEN TRUONG PHU, 283
DANG CONG DANH, PHAM ANH DU,
PHAM MINH TRIET
HUYNH KY PHUONG HA, MAI THANH PHONG, 287
BUI TRONG VINH, MAI PHUONG UYEN,
DAO HONG HAI, NGUYEN HUU SON, DAU VAN NGO
TRUNG TRAN LE HOANG, HIROSHI MASUYA 291
TRUNG TRAN LE HOANG, HIROSHI MASUYA, 297
YUSUKE KURIHASHI, HIROSHI YOKOYAMA
MỤC LỤC
Sử dụng mô hình thông tin công trình cho các dự án xây dựng khu vực Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
trong điều kiện biến đổi khí hậu
Xây dựng khung lý thuyết để triển khai quản lý giá trị dựa trên nền tảng BIM trong dự án đầu tư xây
dựng tại Việt Nam
Tổng quan về các công nghệ số trong xây dựng 4.0 Và ứng dụng tại Việt Nam
Urban development adapting to water rise based on ecological resilience theory: a case study of Can
Tho city.
Pocket park design in the Mekong delta for climate change adaptation. The case study in Can Tho city
Strategies for planning infrastructure to mitigate the impacts of sea level rise and salinity intrusion
in the Mekong delta
Application study on precast prestressed concrete pavement with high load resistance
New method in mechanics to determine euler critical force in bar structures
Cold in - place recycling solutions are used to ensure quality design and construction of urban roads
The soil arching behind passive retaining walls based on geometrically nonlinear isogeometric
analysis
Numerical analysis of arching effect within embankment reinforced by geosynthetic beneath
localized sinkhole
Risk analysis of bridge construction projects in the mekong delta region under the impact of climate
change
Anti-slip talus for roads, in the case of the keelung - bitou expressway in Taiwan
Synthetic modeling of EM34 in detecting the shallow clayey layer in aquifer system
Three-dimensional numerical analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced pile supported embankments
Numerical study of eps geofoam embankment
Brittleness index of lightly cemented soil in ring shear tests
Assessment of moisture distribution in a Pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement based on finite
element method
Study on production of unfired bricks from fly ash of thermal power plants
Dynamo scripts for correcting architectural walls in 3D BIM model
A static and dynamic performance of RC beams strengthened with FRP bar
ISSN 2734-9888 10.2021 51
Assessment of moisture distribution in a pre-
cracked asphalt concrete pavement based on
finite element method
Nghiên cứu sự phân bố độ ẩm trong vết nứt ca bê tông nhựa đường bằng phương pháp
phần tử hữu hạn
> NGUYEN TAN HUNG1; NGUYEN TRUONG PHU2; DANG CONG DANH3; PHAM ANH DU4; PHAM MINH TRIET5
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Can Tho University of Technology.
Email: nthung@ctuet.edu.vn.
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Can Tho University of Technology.
Email: ntphu@ctuet.edu.vn.
3
Department of Architectural, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nam Can Tho University
Email: congdanh.dang78@gmail.com
4
Department of Transportation Engineering, College of Engineering, Can Tho University.
Email: padu@ctu.edu.vn
5
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Pusan National University; 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan
46241, Rep. of Korea.
Email: minhtriet240@gmail.com

TÓM TẮT ABSTRACT

Bài báo tập trung khảo sát sự phân bố độ ẩm trong vết nứt của
nền đường bê tông nhựa trong điều kiện mưa ngắn hạn bằng
phương pháp phần tử hữu hạn. Nền đường bê tông nhựa với các giá
trị hệ số khuếch tán độ ẩm khác nhau được dùng để khảo sát. Dựa
trên kết quả tính toán, nghiên cứu kết luận cho thấy khi thời gian
mưa kéo dài, độ ẩm được khuếch tán nhiều hơn và được phân bố
rộng hơn. Khi hệ số khuếch tán tăng, độ bão hòa trong vết nứt gia
tăng. Nghiên cứu này phát triển mô hình có thể sử dụng hiệu quả
để xác định sự phân bố độ ẩm trong vết nứt của nền đường bê
tông nhựa. Trong tương lai, các nghiên cứu cần được thực hiện để
khảo sát sự phân bố độ ẩm trong vết nứt nền đường bê tông nhựa
trong điều kiện khác nhau như nhiệt độ, đông/rã do nhiệt, và tải
trọng.
Từ khóa: phân bố độ ẩm; vết nứt nền đường bê tông nhựa rỗng;
phương pháp phần tử hữu hạn.
1. INTRODUCTION
The asphalt concrete pavements in the field are subjected
to the traffic load and environment (Breakah, Bausano, &
Williams, 2009; Nguyen, Ahn, Lee, & Kim, 2019; Wang, Wang,
Xiong, & Luo, 2019). These factors provide different types of
This present study assesses the moisture distribution in a pre-cracked
asphalt concrete pavement during a short-term rain event based on
finite element method. The asphalt concrete pavements whose three
different moisture diffusion coefficients for the base layers were
evaluated. Based on the findings, it was concluded that as the period of
the rain event increased, moisture diffused more in the pre-crack and
was suffused in a larger area. Also, the moisture saturation in the pre-
crack increased as the moisture diffusion coefficient increased. This
study proposed a model that can estimate effectively the moisture
distribution in a pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement. In the future,
further research should be carried out to observe the moisture
distribution in a pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement under various
conditions such as temperature, freeze/thaw cycle, and traffic load.
Keywords: moisture distribution; pre-cracked asphalt concrete
pavement; finite element method.
damage to asphalt concrete pavement (ACP) such as cracking,
bleeding, corrugation and shoving (McDonald and McDonald,
2010). Among these types of damage in ACP, cracking is a
noticeable one, which is mainly caused by the effect of the
moisture from the rain event.

ISSN 2734-9888 10.2021 283

 PHÁT TRIỂN X ÂY DỰNG BỀN VỮNG TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU KHU VỰC ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG
Moisture damage is considered as one of the main distresses
of ACP. The synthesis can be explained that, from the rain event,
water flows through the interconnected pore of the ACP and then
it causes the striping, as known as the loss of the adhesive bonding
force between the binder and the aggregate in the asphalt
concrete mixture (Hicks, 1991). In the ACP, the components of the
asphalt concrete material include binder, aggregate play an
important role in the resistance to moisture damage (Cooley Jr,
Brown, & Maghsoodloo, 2001).
According to a study by Kassem et al. (2006), the moisture
damage of asphalt concrete pavement was dependent on the
moisture diffusion process. From the rain event, moisture was
diffused as vapor that can infiltrate into the asphalt concrete
pavement (Kassem, Masad, Bulut, & Lytton, 2006). Chen and
Williams (2014) report that the moisture damage was mostly
happened by moisture diffusion for the low porosity ACP (Chen
and Williams, 2014). Once again, Kringos and Scarpas (2005)
confirmed that moisture diffusion is the main reason for the
moisture damage of ACP (Kringos and Scarpas, 2005).
Until now, there have not been many studies that focused on
the moisture diffusion in the ACP and its effect on moisture
damage. Kassem et al. (2015) observed the moisture diffusion of
three different asphalt concrete mixtures including sandstone,
limestone, and gravel (Kassem, et al., 2006). In their study, the
moisture diffusion coefficient was extracted using Mitchell’s
equation. Based on the results, the authors figured that as the
moisture diffusion coefficient increased, the moisture damage
resistance of the asphalt concrete mixture decreased. Between the
asphalt concrete mixtures designed by gravel and limestone, the
one with gravel provided a lower resistance to moisture damage.
The suggestion was made that to evaluate the resistance to
moisture damage of asphalt concrete pavement, the moisture
diffusion coefficient could be used.
The use of moisture diffusion coefficient to evaluate the
moisture damage of ACP also was assessed by (Arambula, Caro,
& Masad, 2010). In their study, a validation of moisture
distribution in ACP was carried by two methods. One was
experimental measurement and the other one was numerical
simulation. The experimental measurement was resulted based
on the procedure in ASTM E96 standard and the study of
(Hénon, Carbonell, & Desimone, 2002). There was a good
agreement between the results of moisture distribution from
the two methods. The authors also reported that the moisture
diffusion coefficient had a significant effect on the moisture
damage of asphalt concrete pavement.
The effect of moisture distribution on the moisture damage of
asphalt concrete pavement was also observed by Cammarata et al.
(2020) (Cammarata, Hariharan, Allen, & Little, 2020). In their study,
a pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement was simulated by finite
element method under the rain event. In this simulation, the
moisture distribution in a pre-cracked ACP was extracted. The
results showed that the length of the pre-crack in the asphalt
concrete pavement increased due to the moisture diffusion
according to the time of rain event. The suggestion was made that
a pre-crack in an ACP should be sealed as soon as possible to avoid
moisture damage due to the rain event.
Previous studies showed that moisture diffusion coefficient or/and
moisture distribution of ACP could be used to estimate its resistance to
moisture damage. However, there have not been many studies on the
moisture distribution in a pre-crack asphalt concrete pavement with
different moisture diffusion coefficients. To fill this identified gap, this
284 10.2021 ISSN 2734-9888
study was performed to assess the moisture distribution in a pre-
cracked ACP in a short-term rain event by finite element method. The
ACP with three different moisture diffusion coefficients from the
literature were selected to analyze.
2. METHODOLOGY
To assess the moisture distribution, the finite element method
(FEM) was used in this study. In the analysis, a pre-crack ACP was
modeled and analyzed. It is assumed that the moisture from the
rain event was absorbed in the pre-crack and was diffused via the
diffusion process. The diffusion of moisture according to the depth
of the pre-crack of the ACP was extracted by the traditional one-
dimensional diffusion equation, as known as Fick’s first law, is
derived as follows:
m (1)
q
i D
 xi
Where xi is the ith coordinate direction;
qi is the flux of moisture in the coordinate direction;
D is the moisture diffusion coefficient;
m is the mass of moisture.
However, the moisture diffusion in the asphalt concrete
pavement does not totally follow Eq. (1) (Apeagyei, Grenfell, &
Airey, 2015; Lehner, 1979). To extract accurately the moisture
distribution in a pre-crack ACP, Fick (1995) substituted his first
law’s equation into the mass conservation’s equation and resulted
a new equation, as shown in Eq. (2). The result is called Fick’s
second law which shows the relationship of moisture distribution
and time of diffusion, which is also the time of rain event t.
  2 m  2 m  m
D 2  2   (2)
 x1 x 2  t
Eq. (2) is expressed as a partial differential equation that can be
used to extract the moisture distribution in a pre-cracked asphalt
concrete pavement following the time of rain event t. In this
equation, the moisture diffusion coefficient D is determined based
on experimental measurement.
In this study, to observe the effects of moisture diffusion
coefficient D on the moisture distribution in a pre-cracked ACP,
different moisture diffusion coefficient D in the previous studies of
(Cammarata, et al., 2020) and (McKeen and Johnson, 1990) were used
to analyze via FEM. The model was developed based on an open-
source python library, FEniCS (version 1.5). The information of the
open-source code can be founded in the literature (Alnæs et al., 2015).
In this study, the pre-cracked ACP has same configuration as in
the study of (Cammarata, et al., 2020) was modeled and analyzed.
The geometry of the pre-cracked ACP is presented in Fig. 1 below.
The numerical model was discretized into 43200 finite elements
with 21901 nodes. The red point in Fig. 1 was selected to plot the
moisture saturation according to rain event time because the
authors would like to examine the rate of moisture diffusion.
To assess the effect of moisture diffusion coefficient on the
moisture distribution in a pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement,
the base layer of pavement was simulated with three different
moisture diffusion coefficients. Their values were based on the
studies of (McKeen and Johnson, 1990) and (Cammarata, et al.,
2020). For the asphalt layer, the moisture diffusion coefficient
followed one in the study of (Cammarata, et al., 2020). Table 1
shows the moisture diffusion coefficients for each case of the
analysis.
 t = 2 hrs t = 4 hrs t = 6 hrs

t = 8 hrs t = 10 hrs t = 12 hrs

Figure 1. Geometry of the pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement, after (Cammarata, Figure 3. Moisture distribution for case 2
et al., 2020)
Table 1. Moisture diffusion coefficient of asphalt concrete
pavement, after (Cammarata, et al., 2020; McKeen and Johnson,
1990)
Case Layer Diffusion coefficient D (cm2/hr)
1 Asphalt 5.976e-5
Base 3.65
2 Asphalt 5.976e-5
Base 6.84
3 Asphalt 5.976e-5
t = 2 hrs t = 4 hrs t = 6 hrs
Base 14.84

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of moisture distribution in the pre-cracked asphalt
concrete pavement for cases 1, 2, and 3 according to the time of
rain event are shown in Fig. 2, 3, 4, respectively.

t = 8 hrs t = 10 hrs t = 12 hrs

Figure 4. Moisture distribution for case 3

Based on the results, it can be seen that as the time of the rain
t = 2 hrs t = 4 hrs t = 6 hrs event increases, the zone of moisture distribution tends to be
larger. The reason is that when the rain event happened, moisture
moved from the surface of the pavement down to the pre-crack’s
spatial. At the end of the pre-crack’s spatial, moisture is
transported around by the diffusion process. In this study, since
the moisture diffusion coefficient was assumed to be constant over
time; therefore, as the time of rain event increases, more moisture
was diffused; therefore, this resulted a larger zone of moisture
distribution.
It is noticed that the results of moisture distribution according
t = 8 hrs t = 10 hrs t = 12 hrs to time in this study are consistent with that in the study of
Figure 2. Moisture distribution for case 1 (Cammarata, et al., 2020). It indicates that this study developed a

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 PHÁT TRIỂN X ÂY DỰNG BỀN VỮNG TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU KHU VỰC ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG
model that can be used effectively to extract the moisture
distribution in a pre-cracked ACP.
The results of saturation respecting to time of rain event at the
observation point are shown in Fig. 4 below.
Figure 5. Moisture saturation at the observation point according to time of rain event
Fig. 5 indicates that when the moisture diffusion coefficient D
increases, the moisture saturation at the observation point
increases, too. For instance, the saturation goes up about 0.11,
from 0.994 to 0.211 at 12 h when the diffusion coefficient increases
by 3.19, from 3.65 to 6.84.
Considering the increase of saturation according to time for each
case, the current study found that there is a significant increase in the
rate of saturation. The implication can be made that the moisture
diffusion coefficient of the pre-crack in the ACP did not decrease
significantly according to time. In contrast, according to experimental
results of (Cammarata, et al., 2020), the moisture diffusion coefficient of
the asphalt concrete pavement steadily decreased. A possible
explanation for this might be that this study already assumed the
moisture diffusion coefficient was constant. However, in fact, this value
decreases according to time and results in a decrease rate of moisture
diffusion. This finding is unexpected and suggested that further
research should be done to observe the reduction of moisture
diffusion coefficient according to the time of rain event.
4. CONCLUSIONS
This present study was conducted to assess the moisture
distribution in a pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement in a short-
term rain event by finite element method. The asphalt concrete
pavements whose three different moisture diffusion coefficients
for the base layers were analyzed. Based on the results, the
conclusions were drawn that when the time of the rain event
increased, moisture was diffused more and resulted in a larger
zone of moisture distribution. Additionally, the current study
found that when the moisture diffusion coefficient increased, the
saturation of the observation point increased. The model in this
study can be used effectively to assess the moisture distribution in
a pre-cracked asphalt concrete pavement. In the future, further
research should be carried out to observe the moisture diffusion
coefficient and moisture distribution of asphalt concrete pavement
in terms of different conditions such as temperature, freeze/thaw
cycle, and traffic load.
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286 10.2021 ISSN 2734-9888
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