Experiment No.

– 03 Date: 22 – 01 – 24
Level Control Trainer
AIM
To study the performance of different controller (Proportional controller).

APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Process station
2. Data acquisition card
3. Process control software with PC
4. Path chords
5. compressor

THEORY
Two position control applied in a process station results in a continuous oscillation in the quantity to be
controlled. This drawback was overcome by a continuous action which could be maintained by a continuous
balance of the input and output. The continuous control modes include proportional, derivative or integral
control modes or a combination of these modes.

PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER
In this control mode, the actuating signal for the control action is proportional to the error signal. The error
signal being the difference between the set point and the feedback signal. The output of this control mode can
be represented as:
u(t)=Kp e(t) + u0
u(t) = controller output at any time
e(t) = actuating error signal
Kp = proportional gain between error and controller output
The range of errors to cover the 0% to 100% controller output is called the proportional band.

PROCEDURE
1. Ensure the availability of air and water.
2. Interface the PC with process station and check whether all the patching is closed.
3. Switch on process station, water pump ( by adjusting round knob), air input, and PC and data acquisition
card.
4. Maintain G pressure at 20 psi by adjusting air regulator knob.
5. Position HV1 valve in a partially opened mode and HV2 valve in a slightly opened mode
6. Open process control software in PC and select ‘Trainer>>Level’.
7. Then select ‘control >>ONN-OFF
8. Then check the performance of P with different controller selection in ‘control’ menu.
9. Select Kp, Ki and Kd values by tuning process or trial and error method.
10. Save the optimum parameter values and process curves.

OBSERVATIONS
Parameters ON-OFF
Set point 10 mm
Diff. Gap 6
Dealy 0.001 sec

Parameters Proportional PI PID

Set point (mm) 10 10 10
Delay (sec) 0.001 0.001 0.001
C.P at S.P 50 50 50
Kp 2 2 2
KI 0 0.01 0.01
KD 0 0 1
Graphs
RESULT
The Performance of following controller has been studied.
1. ON/OFF controller
2. Proportional controller
3. Proportional Integral controller
4. Proportional Integral derivative controller.

INFERENCE
• The recorded data highlighted the influence of different controller selections and the tuning
parameters on the system’s response.
• The graphs provided insights into both transient response & steady-state behavior.