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1 1 2 2
A) B) - C) - D)
9 9 81 81
x
2) when x = 1, y = - 2)
y2
4
1 1 1 1
A) B) - C) - D)
8 8 16 16
x
3) when x = -5 3)
x-5
1 1
A) - B) C) 0 D) Undefined
5 2
x
4) 4)
x + 6 when x = -6
1 1
A) B) 0 C) - D) Undefined
2 6
2x -1
5) when x = 3 5)
6x
22 5 1 7
A) B) C) - D)
63 18 18 18
1 - 9x
6) when x = 6)
2
2x
17 17 19
A) B) - C) - 23 D)
4 4 4
-8 x
7 x2 - 4 x 2
7) when x = 3 5
1
17
7)
25 17
A) B) - C) - D)
8 8 8 8
(- 6 x)3
8) when x = 3 8)
7x -3
A) 324 B) 243 C) - 324 D) -
243
2x -4
9) when x = -4 9)
2
4 x + 5x + 7
4 4 12 4
A) - B) - C) - D)
17 51 77 51
2
8 - 4x
10) when x = -3 10)
2 x2 - 3 x + 7
5 10 2 1
A) B) C) - D) -
4 17 17 4
Find every value for the variable that makes the expression undefined.
17
11) 11)
-2z
A) 8 B) 0 C) -2 D)
2
6
12) 12)
a-6
A) 6 B) 0 C) -6 D)
None
3
13) 13)
b+5
A) 5 B) -5 C) 0 D)
None
d-2
14) 14)
8-d
A) -8 B) 8, 2 C) 8 D)
None
b-8
15) 15)
8b - 24
A) 3 B) 0 C) -8 D)
24
x2 - 49
16) 16)
x2 + 6x + 8
A) 0 B) -2, -4 C) 2, -4 D) -7,
7
x2 - 81
17) 17)
x2 - 11x + 24
A) -9, 9 B) 0 C) -3, -8 D) 3,
8
x2 - 4
18) 18)
x2 - 3x - 18
A) -3, 6 B) -6, 3 C) -2, 2 D)
0
x2 - 4 A
19)
x2 + 4x - 21 )
-
3
2, 2 B) -3, 7 C) 0 D) -7, 3
19)
x2 + 2x - 35
20) 20)
x2 - 81
A) -7, 5 B) -9, 9 C) -5, 7 D) -
5
4
Simplify, if possible.
15m 3 p2
21) 21)
3m 8 p
A) 5mp B) 5m 5p2 C) 5p
5m D)
m5
5
p
10k3
22) 22)
5k
A) 5 B) 2k C) 2k2 D)
5k2
9x5y4
23) 23)
12x3 y
3x3 y2 4x2 y3 3x2 y3 3x2 y3
A) B) C) D)
4 3 12 4
6x + 18
24) 24)
8x + 24
4 3
A) 3 B) C) D) 1
3 4
5x + 25
25) 25)
5x - 25
5x + 25 x + 25 x +5
A) B) C) D) -1
5x - 25
x - 25 x-5
20x - 4
26) 26)
8
5x - 1 5x 5x - 1
A) B) C) D) 5x - 1
2 2 8
5x + 25 27)
27)
x2 + 5x
5 25 5 5
A) B) C) D)
x2 + x x x2 x
-2y + 6
28) 28)
-12y
y +3 2y - 6 -y + 3 y-3
A) B) C) D)
6y 12y 6y 6y
A + 2m + 5
3m 2 + 3m 5
29) )
6m 2 + 15m m
+
1 m+1
m B)
5
29)
m+3 m2 +
C) D)
2m + 5
1
2m 2 +
5
6
2x2 - 4x
30) 30)
6x2 - 12x
x-2 1
A) B) 3 C) 1 D)
3x - 6 3
m 2 - 36
31) 31)
m 2 - 12m + 36
1 m-6 m+6
A) B) 1 C) D)
m-6 m+6 m-6
2x + 2
32) 32)
2
10x + 18x + 8
2x + 5 2x + 2 2x 1
A) B) C) D)
5x + 18 2
10x + 18x + 8 5x + 4 5x + 4
y2 + 7y + 12
33) 33)
y2 + 12y + 32
7y + 12 y2 + 7y + 12
A) B) -
12y + 32 y2 + 12y + 32
7y + 3 y+3
C) D)
12y + 8 y+8
y2 + 3y - 10
34) 34)
y2 - 4y - 45
3y - 10 y-2 y2 + 3y - 10 3y - 2
A) B) C) - D)
-4y - 45 y-9 y2 - 4y - 45 -4y - 9
a 2 - 16 35)
35)
a+4
a2 - C) a + 4 D) a - 16
A) a - 4 B)
16
a+
4
t2 + 64 36)
36)
t+8
t2 + C) t - 64 D) t + 8
A) t - 8 B)
64
t+
8
x2 - 9 37)
37)
(x - 3)2
x-3 x2 - 9 x+3
A) B) x + 3 C) D)
x+3 x-3
(x - 3)2
7
tx + t + 6x + 6
38) 38)
2x + 2
t-2 t+2 t+6 t- 6
A) B) C) D)
6 2 2 2
a 2 - b2 - 5a + 5b
39) 39)
3a + 3b - 15
a +b a 2 - b2 b-a a-b
A) B) C) D)
15 15 3 3
z 3 + 64
40) 40)
z - 4z 2 + 16z
3
z + 16 z +4 z-4 z-4
A) B) C) D)
z z z 4
x-6
41) 41)
6-x
x-6
A) 1 B) C) -x D) -1
6-x
5-m 42)
42)
m-5
5-
A) 1 B) -1 C) -m D)
m
m
-5
x +6 43)
43)
x-6
x+
A) -6 B) -1 C) 1 D)
6
x-
6
6t - 30
44) 44)
5-t
1
A) - B) -6 C) 6 D) -
6
1
5k - 15
45) 45)
12 - 4k
5 5
A) -1 B) 1 C) - D)
4 4
3x + 9
46) 46)
3x - 9
x +3
A) 1 B) C) -1 D) -3x
x-3
8
b-a
47) 47)
6a - 6b
b-a 1 1
A) B) C) - D) -6
6a - 6b 6 6
m 2 - 16m
48) 48)
16 - m
A) m B) -m C) -(m + 4) D) m +
4
8x2 - 8y2
49) 49)
9y2 - 9x2
8x2 - 8y2 9 8
A) B) -1 C) - D) -
9y2 - 9x2 8 9
7s2 - 21t2
50) 50)
21t2 - 7s2
7s2 - 21t2 1 1
A) -1 B) C) - D)
21t2 - 7s2 3 3
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
x - 15 x - 15 x-
52) = = 52)
3
5y 5y y
53) 4 53)
x + 21y x + 21 y
= =x+
7
3y 3 y
1
54) 9 54)
x - 36 x - 36 x-9
= = =
1
4x - 9 4x-9 x-9
6x - 24 6(x -
55) = 55)
4)
x-4 4-x
9
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Solve.
56) In analyzing circuits, electrical engineers often have to simplify rational expressions. 56)
Suppose the following rational expression describes an electrical circuit:
a 2 - 36
a 2 + 8a + 12
Simplify the expression to lowest terms.
a +6 a +6 a-6 a-6
A) B) C) D)
a +2 a-2 a-2 a +2
57) The formula for the slope of a line passing through two points 57)
is:
y2 - y1
m= .
x2 - x 1
Find the slope of a line passing through the points (7, -2) and (5, 1).
2 9 3 4
A) - B) C) - D)
3 4 2 9
1
58) The formula for the volume of a pyramid is V = ℓwh. Use this formula to find the height 58)
of a
3
pyramid with a volume of 40 in.3 , a width of 5 in., and a length of 6 in.
4
A) in. B) 4 in. C) 12 in. D) 400
in
3
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
7 (x - 1 ) 59)
59) For x ≠ 1 , the rational expression is equal to 7 . Can the same be said
for x - 1
7x- 1
? Explain why or why
not. x - 1
x- 6 0
60) If 6 is substituted for x in the rational expression , the result is . 60)
Mathematicians
x2 - 36 0
have been known to say "Any number divided by itself is 1." Does this mean that
this expression is equal to 1 for x = 6 ? Explain why or why not.
61) How can you tell just by looking at a rational expression, if it is equal to -1? 61)
6x + 5
62) Why is not equal to 6 ? 62)
x +5
1 1
63) Explain why the expressions and are opposites. 63)
2-x x-2
1
0
64) What is the difference between rational numbers and fractions? 64)
1
1
4x + 8 4x + 8
65) What is wrong with the following? = = 4x 65)
8 8
A
67) If A and B are opposites, what is ? 67)
B
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Multiply.
2z 3
68) ∙ 68)
10
5 z2
4 z 4z 2
A) B) C) D) 4z
z 4
z3
7x2 16
69) ∙ 69)
8 x3
14 x x5 14x2
A) B) C) D)
x 18 18
x3
4
70) ∙ 70)
2p4
p 5p
8p 5 8p2 8p3
A) B) C) D)
5 8p2 5 5p
2x2
71) ∙ 71)
42y6
7y2 x3
7p - 7 5p2
72) ∙ 72)
p 9p - 9
35p 63p2 + 126p + 63
A) B)
9 5p3
9 35p3 - 35p2
C) D)
35p 9p2 - 9p
1
2
7x x-2
73) ∙ 73)
3 x +6
A)
7x(x - 2) 7x2 - 2 7x(x + 6) 7(x - 2)
B) C) D)
3(x + 6) 3x + 6 3(x - 2) 3(x + 6)
1
3
x2 - 17x + 42 6x
74) ∙ 74)
x5 x - 14
(x - 3) 6(x - 3) 6(x + 3) 6(x + 3)
A) B) C) D)
6x4 x4 x6 x4
12v2 4v + 4
75) ∙ 75)
4v2 - 4v - 8 4v
3v 4v 3v
A) 3v(v - 2) B) C) D)
v+2 v+2 v-2
y2 - 49 y-5
76) ∙ 76)
2y + 14 y-7
1 (y - 5)(y - y-5
A) B) y - 5 C) D)
2 7) 2
2(y - 7)
x-6 x2 - 2x -
77) ∙ 77)
24
(x + 4)2 (x - 6)2
1 x-6 1
A) B) C) x + 4 D)
x-6 x +4 x +4
x2 + 25 x-9
79) ∙ 79)
x2 + 18x + 81 x - 5
x+5 (x2 + 25)(x - (x + 5)(x - x2 + 25
A) B) C) D)
x+9 (x + 9)(x - 5)
9) (x + 9)2 (x - 9) (x + 9)2
5)
m 2 - 81 m2
80) ∙ 80)
8m m 2 - 3m - 54
(m + 9) m(m - 9) m(m + 9) m(m - 9)
A) B) C) D)
8m(m - 6) 8(m - 6) 8(m + 6) 8(m + 6)
2x + 2 2x2 - 8x +
81) ∙ 81)
8
1
4
x-2 x2 - 1
1
5
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upon the enemy was complete.
{612}
Lieutenant J. H. Parker,
Our Army Supply Department and the need of a General Staff
(Review of Reviews, December, 1898).
{615}
The next day Aguinaldo replied: "I have the honor to manifest
to your excellency that I am surprised beyond measure at that
which you say to me in it, lamenting the nonreceipt of any
response relative to the needs (or aids) that you have asked
of me in the way of horses, buffaloes, and carts, because I
replied in a precise manner, through the bearer, that I was
disposed to give convenient orders whenever you advised me of
the number of these with due anticipation (notice). I have
circulated orders in the provinces in the proximity that in
the shortest time possible horses be brought for sale, but I
cannot assure your excellency that we have the number of 500
that is needed, because horses are not abundant in these
vicinities, owing to deaths caused by epizootic diseases in
January and March last. Whenever we have them united (or
collected), I shall have the pleasure to advise your
excellency. I have also ordered to be placed at my disposal 50
carts that I shall place at your disposition whenever
necessary, always (premising) that you afford me a previous
advice of four days in anticipation."
Meantime, General Anderson had written to the War Department,
on the 18th: "Since reading the President's instructions to
General Merritt, I think I should state to you that the
establishment of a provisional government on our part will
probably bring us in conflict with insurgents, now in active
hostility to Spain. The insurgent chief, Aguinaldo, has
declared himself dictator and self-appointed president. He has
declared martial law and promulgated a minute method of rule and
administration under it. We have observed all official
military courtesies, and he and his followers express great
admiration and gratitude to the great American Republic of the
north, yet in many ways they obstruct our purposes and are
using every effort to take Manila without us. I suspect also
that Aguinaldo is secretly negotiating with the Spanish
authorities, as his confidential aid is in Manila. The city is
strongly fortified and hard to approach in the rainy season.
If a bombardment fails we should have the best engineering
ability here." And, again on the 21st, he had written: "Since
I wrote last, Aguinaldo has put in operation an elaborate
system of military government, under his assumed authority as
dictator, and has prohibited any supplies being given us,
except by his order. As to this last I have written to him
that our requisitions on the country for horses, ox carts,
fuel and bamboo (to make scaling ladders) must be filled, and
that he must aid in having them filled. His assumption of
civil authority I have ignored, and let him know verbally that
I could, and would, not recognize it, while I did not
recognize him as a military leader. It may seem strange that I
have made no formal protest against his proclamation as
dictator, his declaration of martial law, and publication and
execution of a despotic form of government. I wrote such a
protest, but did not publish it, at Admiral Dewey's request,
and also for fear of wounding the susceptibilities of
Major-General Merritt, but I have let it be known in every
other way that we do not recognize the dictatorship. These
people only respect force and firmness. I submit, with all
deference, that we have heretofore underrated the natives.
They are not ignorant, savage tribes, but have a civilization
of their own; and although insignificant in appearance, are
fierce fighters, and for a tropical people they are
industrious. A small detail of natives will do more work in a
given time than a regiment of volunteers."
"I have said always, and I now repeat, that we recognize the
right of the North Americans to our gratitude, for we do not
forget for a moment the favors which we have received and are
now receiving; but however great those favors may be, it is
not possible for me to remove the distrust of my compatriots.
These say that if the object of the United States is to annex
these islands, why not recognize the government established in
them, in order in that manner to join with it the same as by
annexation? Why do not the American generals operate in
conjunction with the Filipino generals and, uniting the
forces, render the end more decisive? Is it intended, indeed,
to carry out annexation against the wish of these people,
distorting the legal sense of that word? If the revolutionary
government is the genuine representative by right and deed of
the Filipino people, as we have proved when necessary, why is
it wished to oppress instead of gaining their confidence and
friendship?
T. M. Anderson,
Our Rule in the Philippines
(North American Review, volume 170, page 275).