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4 ECONOMIC SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SAMAL DILAUT IN

5 BARANGAY TAMPALAN

6 MALAMAWI ISLAND

8 A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF ART AND

9 SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
10 ISABELA CITY

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12 IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

13 OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN SOCIAL WORK

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15 RESEARCHER

16 JUMAHARI, KARTINI M.

17 ABDURAHMAN, MERWYHNNA S.

18 SALAM, JUHAIMA A.

19 ABBAS, DAIHANA U.

20 TANJAL, ASMIYA D.

21 ASSARAKIL, RANA A.

22 TANAKALUN, NAF-A A.

23 ISMAEL, FAIZA S.

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1 DEDICATION

3 The researchers dedicated this thesis to Allah the almighty creator, the source
4 of inspiration, knowledge and wisdom and understanding. He has been the
5 source of their determination and strength and out love ones and to the family.
6 The researchers dedicated this to them loving parent, siblings, relatives,
7 professor, friends, classmates, schoolmates and to the adviser who has
8 encouraged them all the way and whose encouragement has made sure that
9 researchers give it all it takes to finish and make it and to rose people who
10 helped them to make all this possible

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1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3 The researchers give their overwhelming thanks to the people who helped to
4 make these challenges wonderfully made and to the family for giving the
5 strength in accomplishing the research study and with all gratefulness. The
6 researcher would like to thank Mr. Ryan B. Nabi as research adviser, for helping
7 them and forthe continuous support of the research paper, for motivation, and
8 immense knowledge. The researchers could not have imagined having a good
9 mentor and adviser for their study. The researchers would also like to thanks
10 their family, loving parents, relatives, and siblings for financial support, love, and
11 care for them. And also to their classmates and friends, for their fun, love,
12 support, trust. And lastly, the researchers heart fully thanks to Allah the almighty
13 for the love, knowledge, wisdom, protection, and for giving them a healthy life.

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

3 Page

4 Title Page

5 Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………………..I

6 Dedication …..………………...……………………………………………...ii

7 Acknowledgement ………………………………..………………………………...iii

8 Table of Contents …………………..……………………………………………..IV

9 List of Figures … .. ……………..……....…………...………………………..V

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11 Chapter I: Introduction
12 Background of the Study ..……………………………………………10

13 Statement of the problems …………..……………………………………11

14 Objectives of the Study ……. ………..……………………………………11-12

15 Significant of the study ………...……………………………………12

16 Scope and Delimitation of the Stud ……...……………………………………12

17 The Theoretical Framework ………...………………………………… 12-13

18 Conceptual Framework …………..…………………………………….13

19 Definition of Terms …….…..…………………………………….13`14

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21 Chapter II: Review of Related Literature and Studies

22 Related Literature and Studies …....……………………………….......15 -16

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24 Chapter III: Methodology

25 Research Design ………...………………………………………17
26 Research Locale ……….……………………………………….17

27 Sampling Procedure …….. ……………………………………….17

1 Sample ……. ……………………………………….17

2 Research Instruments …….……………………………………….17

3 Validity …… ……………………………………….18

4 Reliability ……...……………………………………...18

5 Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………….18

6 Data Analysis Procedure ….. .……………………………………….18

7 Ethical Considerations …...………………………………………..18

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1 LIST OF FIGURES

3 Page

5 Figure 1.1
6 Statement of the Problem ………..…………………………….11

7 Figure 1.2
8 Objectives of the Study ..……..…………………………….11-12

9 Figure 1.3
10 Significance of the Study ………………………………………...12

11 Figure 1.4
12 Scope and Delimitations ……………………………………...12

13 Figure 1.5
14 Theorical Framework ………...………………………...12-13

15 Figure 2.1
16 Review of Related Literatures and Studies …...………………………….15-16

17 Figure 3.1
18 Research Design …………...…………………………...17

19 Figure 3.2
20 Research Locale ………...…………………………...17

21 Figure 3.3
22 Research Instrument …………...…………………………...17

23 Figure 3.4
24 Sampling Procedure ………..…………………………...17

25 Figure 3.5
26 Sample …………………………………...17

27 Figure 3.6
28 Validity ………..…………………………...18

29 Figure 3.7
30 Reliability …...…..…………………………...18

31 Figure 3.8
32 Date Gathering Procedure …...…..…………………………...18
1 Figure 3.9
2 Sampling Method …..…..…………………………...18

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1 CHAPTER 1

2 INTRODUCTION
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4 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

5 Basilan Island is the largest and northernmost of the major islands of the
6 Sulu Archipelago. Amidst its notorious reputation of bombing, terrorists, and
7 chaos that the media broadcasted, unknown to many, Basilan is home to a
8 spectacular Boracay-like paradise called Malamawi Island. Basilan is part of
9 the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). It is inhabited by five
10 ethnic groups: the Yakan, Chavacano, Sama, Tausug, Sama Dilaut or Badjao,
11 and Visayan

12 The Sama-Bajau are widely believed to be scafaring nomads, and they

13 are generally known as Bajau Laut or Sama Dilaut in Malaysia and Philippine.
14 However, the Sama Bajau is a shored-based people and land-based people. In
15 addition to the sea-nomadic and formerly nomadic communities, the Sama
16 Bajau also include shore-based people and land based-based people.

17 The Sama Dilaut, one of the most widely distributed cultural groups indigenous
18 to Island Southeast Asia, are found in the Malaysian state of Sabah (Semporna
19 District), east-coastal Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and over eastern Indonesia and
20 many small islands in the Celebes Sea (cf. Sather 1997:2-20). The Sama Dilaut
21 are also found today in smaller numbers in many other coastal areas of the
22 Philippines northward, from south western Mindanao to Manila.

23 The Sama Dilaut, on whom this paper focuses, no one seems to know
24 their exact population. According to government figures, in 1986 their population
25 was around 25,000 to 30,000 (Vicente, 2001:1). It is difficult to get an accurate
26 number since they are highly mobile and are spread over a wide area from
27 Mindanao to the Visayas and Luzon. These nomadic "maritime people" who are
28 culturally separated from mainstream Philippine society have now moved to
29 urban streets to beg for survival. Due to the Sama Dilaut’s incessant mobility,
30 their population count can only be approximated. In 1986, their total population
31 count was recorded as 24,330; in 1988, it was 28,536. Between 2000 and 2005,
32 the registered population of the Sama Dilaut, as recorded in three provinces of
33 southern Philippines and in four other places where they have moved, is
34 30,949, broken down as follows: 8,113 in Tawi-Tawi; 13,180 in Sulu; 6,324 in
35 Basilan; 1,439 in Capiz; 68 in Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat; 150 in Barangay
36 Tambacan, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte; 205 in Barangay Maasin, Zamboanga
37 City; and 1,470 in Matina Aplaya, Davao City.
1 The history of the Samal-Bajau community in the coastal areas of Maluso
2 Municipality in Basilan Province, Philippines speaks of not only their capacity to
3 fish from the sea but also to produce items made of the materials in their coas
4 al ecological zone. With the presence of the Claret Samal Foundation, Inc.
5 (established in 1996), which has been helping them produce saleable products
6 tagged as Hinangan Bajau Products, among others, these Samal-Bajaus are
7 now producing items which are entirely new to their culture. They even integrate
8 into their vocabulary new words which are the names of some of these
9 products.

10 The Sama Dilaut’s traditional places of residence are the seas and
11 shores of the Zamboanga Peninsula and the Sulu Archipelago, which consists
12 of the Sulu province, Tawi-Tawi, and southern Palawan. They are traditionally
13 boat dwellers, also popularly called “sea gypsies,” whose religion has evident
14 Islamic influences.

15 According to Blumentritt (1892) considered the Samal Laut and the

16 Badjao as two distinct groups, the Badjao having arrived after the Samal Laut,
17 who originally inhabited the Samales Islands, located between Jolo and Basilan.
18 Thus, he distinguished them from the Samal de Lea or Samal Deal Sama lipid
19 (land-dwelling Samal) or Samal ha gimbal (Samal of the forest), who are simply
20 called Samal or Sama.

21 Some Sama Dilaut villages evolved a sedentary lifestyle with the arrival of
22 fish buyers on their islands. The Sama Dilaut no longer had to travel across the
23 seas, especially to Jolo, to sell their catch, because the resident fish buyers
24 provided a ready market in their own islands In the 1960s. Sama Dilaut
25 migrants had dispersed in different parts of the country and resorted to new
26 ways of life to survive. Aside from continuing their traditional occupations such
27 as boat making and fishing, they sell cultured pearls and, as a last resort, beg
28 for alms.

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30 This study is to analyses the economic situation of Samal Dilaut in order

31 to learn their way of living in the Philippines, particularly in Barangay Tampalan
32 Malamawi Island.

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2 1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

4 General Problem

5 This study examined the economic situational analysis of samal dilaut on the
6 island of Malamawi in order to analyze their economic situation. In addition, this
7 research analyses the Samal Dilaut people's way of living on the island of
8 Malamawi.

10 Specific Problem

11 The purpose of this study is to provide a response to the following questions:

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13 1. What are the economic situation of samal dilaut in terms of economic

14 growth?

15 2. What is the main source of livelihood of samal dilaut?

16 3. What are the coping strategies on the problems in counter of samal dilaut

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3 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

4 General Objective

5 The purpose of this study is to present the economic development of the

6 Samal Dilaut community on the island of Malamawi. It illustrates the economic
7 disparities between the Samal Dilaut and the general population. In general, the
8 Samal Dilaut take personal risks in order to provide for their families and use
9 their skills to further their own economic advancement.

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11 Specific Objective

12 • To understand the importance of economic analysis.

13 • To define economic problem of Samal dilaut

14 • To identify the main factors influencing the economic growth in Barangay

15 Tampalan.

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17 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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19 Children, Family, Students, Government, Local Government, Community

20 The study may serve as a foundation for the Samal tribe's community to
21 become motivated and improve their perception of self-confidence towards their
22 jobs, race, and way of lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to provide data and
23 knowledge regarding the situation of samal dilaut’s. Economics plays a role in
24 our everyday life. Studying economics enables us to understand past, future
25 and current models, and apply them to societies, governments, businesses and
26 individuals.

27 For the most part both the land- and the sea-oriented Samal Dilaut's live in
28 wooden or bamboo houses raised on piles over shallow coastal waters and
29 estuaries. Such dwellings are clustered into small villages and linked through a
30 network of wooden footbridges. Most of them their own occupation revolves
31 around fishing and the collection of marine products like "seaweed and shells".
32 while the others continue to ride, they gather all of the passengers into their little
33 boat.
1 This research aimed to help the future researchers to explore more about this
2 research. This study as a guide and build on it to analyses other facets of the
3 samal dilauts' lives, such as their occupations, as well as their social and
4 emotional well-being and their relationships with their children and spouse.

5 1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

6 This study focuses only to Sama Dilaut in Barangay Tampalan Malamawi

7 Island, 80 people are respondent of this study wherein 40 female and 40 males
8 particularly the Sama Dilaut people. The main focus of this study is to analyze
9 the economic situation of Sama Dilaut.

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11 1.5 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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13 To investigate this study, the researcher sought to employ the theories to

14 analyze the economic situational of Samal Dilaut in Malamawi Island.

15 The Sama Dilaut interact with the other Sama subgroups only when they go
16 to the village market to sell or barter their catch of fish for cassava and matches.
17 Otherwise, great pains are taken to avoid their Tausug and other Sama
18 neighbors. They gather fresh water from the well at night when there is no one
19 else about, and they do not send their children to school. Occasionally, they hire
20 themselves out as farm hands to the land-based Sama so they can use the land
21 to plant cassava. The Sama Dilaut have been reduced to beggars, dragging
22 their babies and children under the sweltering heat of the sun or the merciless
23 pouring of the rain in the streets of cities all over the Philippines. In a country
24 where people scramble to have a share of the remaining crumbs of resources
25 left by a cancer called corruption, the Sama Dilaut have no crumbs left at all to
26 scramble for.

27 According t0 (Roxas-Lim) the Bajaus "are dwindling in numbers and

28 disappearing as a distinctly recognizable maritime cultural group" (200I:24). "It
29 also appears that, regardless of their actual economic status, the Bajau tended
30 to project an image of poverty and helplessness. This may have been brought
31 about by the condescending and discriminatory attitude and predatory behavior
32 of the dominant groups and persons" (Roxas-Lim 2001:21). With their sea-
33 based eco-culture and economic condition, many Bajaus are forced to prioritize
34 livelihood activities over education. Hence, they are also seen as educationally
35 backward (Teo 2001:61). Recently they are associated with being street
36 beggars not only in the city of Zamboanga but also in Manila, Philippines.

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3 1.6 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

5 Dependent Variables Independent Variables

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MALAMAWI ISLAND ECONOMIC
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SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
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15 1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

16 The following terms are defined both operationally and conceptually in the
17 study for purposes of clarity and better understanding.

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19 Economic - is the study of how people allocate scarce resources for

20 production, distribution, and consumption, both individually and collectively.

21 Situational - is a influence an individual’s behavior, choices, and responses

22 within specific situations. They encompass societal expectations, cultural
23 norms, and time constraints. These factors can subtly or significantly shape our
24 actions and decisions, making them a critical area of study within psychology.

25 Analysis – is the act of studying or examining somethingin detail,

26 in order to discover or understand more about it,
27 or your opinion and judgment after doing this.

28 Samal dilaut- are widely believed to be cafaring nomads, and they are
29 generally known as Bajau Laut or Sama Dilaut in Malaysia and Philippine. And
30 samal diilaut villages evolved a sedentary lifestyle with the arrival of fish buyers
31 on their islands.
1 Malamawi island- is a small inhabited island made famous by the long stretch
2 of white sandy beach on its northern coast. With its exotic appeal, idyllic natural
3 beauty and serenity, the place has become a go-to place of locals specially of
4 those from Isabela City and suburbs who wish to escape for sea, sun and sand
5 experience.

6 Sea gypsies- are true masters of the ocean. They have roamed the coral
7 triangle between Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines for centuries, and are
8 expert free divers and fishermen with a profound connection to the ocean.

9 Predicament- a difficult or an unpleasant situation, especially one where it is

10 difficult to know what to do synonym quandary.

11 Dwindling- gradually becoming smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number

12 Vermin- any small harmful or annoying insect or animal that is difficult to get rid
13 of or control.

14 foul-smelling- Definitions of foul-smelling. adjective. offensively malodorous.

15 synonyms: fetid, foetid, foul, funky, ill-scented, noisome, smelly, stinking ill-
16 smelling, malodorous, malodourous, stinky, unpleasant-smelling. having an
17 unpleasant smell.

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3 CHAPTER II

4 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

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6 2.1 RELATED LITERATURE

8 This chapter focuses on the broad perspective of Samal Dilaut and

9 analyze the difficulties they face daily. Theories and the conceptual framework
10 are also looked at in relation to the study. The main goal of the literature review
11 was to examine prior internet-based research. It is becoming more and more
12 common for researchers to familiarize themselves with earlier work before
13 conducting their own.

14 (Peralta 2000) The Sama Dilaut are part of the Samal-speaking

15 population who along with the Tausug live in the Sulu Islands. They are
16 commonly known as "Sea Gypsies" among non-Filipinos. In terms of
17 adaptation, they group themselves into the Sama Dilaut (Bajau) and the Sama
18 Diliya. The former is marine oriented and still retain much of their indigenous
19 religion; the latter is usually land-based and Islamic in religion.

20 Additionally Pangasaan of Brgy. Tairan (CSFI 2009). According to the

21 CSFI document prepared in April 2009, these six Bajau communities constitute
22 the 462 Bajau households, 787 Bajau families, and 2,958 Bajau individuals. The
23 CSFI7 is committed to help these Samal-Bajau communities foster their identity
24 and live in a peaceful setting where there is quality of life rooted in their
25 indigenous culture.

26 According to Sather (1997: 208), the Sama Dilaut have

27 long seen themselves as a
28 peaceable, comparatively nonviolent people. In describing themselves, an expr
29 ession one hears again and again is ‘we [Sama Dilaut] fight only with our mouth
30 s’ (Sather, 1997: 62).Sather (1997), Nagatsu (2004), and Aoyama (2010;
31 2014a). The Sama-Bajau in the present paper include both land-based Sinama
32 speakers and those with direct experiences or at least with memories of their
33 parents and relatives living in boats at the time of my fieldwork.

34 According to the categorization of majorities and minorities in the nation-

35 state by Anderson (1998), the Sama-Bajau in Davao City could be considered
36 to belong to the third category, those who would not even count as an ethnic
1 group due to their powerlessness, which is related to the nature of their
2 community; small in numbers; evenly poor; and therefore, too little social
3 stratification to have their political representatives.

5 Nevertheless Nimmo (2001) notes that many changes have occurred

6 since the 1970s due to the military conflict in the Sulu Islands. The Sama Dilaut
7 who lived in Tawi-Tawi during the 1960s were members of a single community
8 with five different moorages. In the late 1990s that was not the case. The
9 families had scattered to other areas. In all Sama Dilaut social and economic
10 relations including conflict resolution, reciprocity is the key to the relationship.
11 (Nimmo 1972).

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3 CHAPTER III

4 METHODOLOGY
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6 3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

7 This study will use a descriptive approach employing a non-experimental

8 qualitative design. Descriptive research design is defined as the collection of
9 data in order to answer questions concerning the knowledge, attitude, critical
10 thinking and decision making. (Borg and Gall, 2001).

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12 3.2 RESEARCH LOCALE

13 The research will be conducted at Barangay. Tampalan Malamawi Island.

14 The research will be implemented during the second semester of the academic
15 year 2023-2024.

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2 3.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

3 In this study, the researcher will only use one research tool, a survey
4 questionnaire that was created by the researcher based on their observations
5 and analysis of the situation. The Malamawii Island respondents were chosen at
6 random, and they responded to the survey questions with a yes, no, or maybe.

8 3.4 SAMPLING PROCEDURE

9 The study relied on Quota Sampling. Quota sampling is a non-probability

10 sampling method where the researcher selects participants based on specific
11 characteristics, ensuring they represent certain attributes in proportion to their
12 prevalence in the population. It’s like stratified sampling, but without random
13 selection within each stratum.

14 3.5 SAMPLE

15 Tampalan is a barangay in Isabela City, in the province of Basilan. Its

16 population as determined by the 2020 Census was 5,175. This represented
17 3.97% of the total population of Isabela City.

18 3.6 VALIDITY
1 This research is valid until the second semester of the academic year 2023-
2 2024.

4 3.7 RELIABILITY

5 This research is analyses the economic situation of samal dilaut in

6 barangay Tampalan, Malamawi island. The importance of this study is to
7 understand the factors influencing the growth of barangay Tampalan.

9 3.8 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

10 A Survey-questionnaire will be utilized in the research study as the data

11 gathering tool. A systematic method of gathering information from a target
12 population, a survey makes us of statistical technique mainly used in
13 quantitative research. Surveys provide a critical source of data and insights for
14 everyone engaged in the information economy, from businesses to media, to
15 government and academics.

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18 For the collection of data for this study. The President of Basilan State
19 College first received a letter granting him authorization to carry out the study.
20 The validity and reliability of the survey will be assessed after gaining the
21 president's permission. utilizing the preferred questionnaire suitable for the
22 study and making the necessary adjustments to the Samal Dilaut in Malamawi
23 Island available respondent. We carry out the survey and read the instructions
24 to provide truthful responses to the survey questions. Their answers were kept
25 completely confidential and were not associated with their names. We
26 guaranteed that every response would be recorded and that their names would
27 only be used for research. In addition, once this research is completed all
28 obtained data will be properly disposed and will never be shared to anyone.

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30 3.9 SAMPLING METHOD

31 The study relied on Quota Sampling. Quota sampling is a non-probability

32 sampling method where the researcher selects participants based on specific
33 characteristics, ensuring they represent certain attributes in proportion to their
34 prevalence in the population. It’s like stratified sampling, but without random
35 selection within each stratum.

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