Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL

Enriching Literacy and Numeracy Skills through Problem Solving

(PS – ELaNS)
Subject: MATHEMATICS Grade Level: 10
OPERATION /
MELC WORD PROBLEM SOLUTION ANSWER
CONCEPT
Addition/Joining Derives Given the diagram below:
Problem inductively the measure arc MHT = The measure of
relations among If the measure measure arc MH +measure ^ is 168° .
MHT
chords, arcs, of arc MH is 45, arc HT
central angles, and the
and inscribed measure of arc m^
MHT = 45° +
angles HT is 123, what 123°
(M10GE-IIc-1) is the measure m^
MHT = 168°
of arc MHT?

Solves Ashlei, a grade 10 student is The polynomial

2
problems collecting data for a science project and 2 x +3 x +1 expression that
involving records the height of each plant in her + 2
x −2 x+5 represents the sum
polynomials mother’s garden as a polynomial. The 2
3 x + 4 x +2 of the heights of the
and polynomial heights of the plants are represented by 2
6 x + 5 x +8 meters three plants is
equations. the polynomials: rose is (2 x¿ ¿ 2+ 3 x +1)¿ 2
6 x + 5 x +8
(M10AL – Ij – meters, santan is ( x 2−2 x+ 5) meters, Meters
2) and peace lily is (3 x 2+ 4 x +2 ¿ meters. If
she wants to find the total height of all
plants, what polynomial expression
represents the sum of the heights?
Solves Sofia has some chocolates for her Sofia’s number of chocolates Sofia had
Addition/Separation problems classmates. She gave (x + 5) pieces of at the start 2
x - x + 4 pieces of
Problem involving chocolates to her best friend Ana. Then = ( x 2- 2x -1) + (x + 5) chocolates at the
polynomials Sofia had ( x 2- 2x -1) pcs of chocolates = x 2- 2x -1 + x + 5 start.

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
and polynomial left. How many chocolates did Sofia = x 2- 2x + x – 1 + 5
equations have at the start? = x 2- x + 4 pieces of
(M10AL-Ij-2) chocolates
Rudy wants to separate his farm into Therefore, the total
2
two sections for planting vegetables and 3 x + 2 x−1 area of Rudy’s farm
corn. The area of the land he used for is 3 x 2+ 6 x −6
the vegetables is represented by + 4 x–5 square meters.
(3 x ¿¿ 2+2 x−1)¿ square meters and he
only have (4 x – 5) square meters left for 2
3 x + 6 x −6
the corn. What is the total area of
Rudy’s farm?
Addition/Increase Solves The initial monthly salary of John is An = A o + (n – 1) d The salary of John
Problem problems Php10,000.00. His salary increases by A6 = 10,000 + (6 – 1) 150 on the 6 months will
involving Php150.00 every month for 6 months. A6 = 10,000 + (5) 150 be Php10,750.00.
sequences. What would be the salary of John on the A = 10,000 + 750
6
(M10AL – If – 6th month? A6 = Php10,750.00
2)
Bea has been saving money Bea’s total savings
monthly to buy a cellphone. She saved within 6 months is
Php150.00 in the first month, Php250.00 Php 2,400.00.
in the second month, Php350.00 in the
third month. How much will be her total
savings within 6 months?

Addition/Decrease Solves An international singer is performing Since the discount is 10 The ticket price
Problem problems a series of concerts across different dollars and the prices form an during the first day
involving cities. The ticket prices for each concert arithmetic sequence, the first was 120 dollars.
sequences. forms an arithmetic sequence. If the term is solved using the
(M10AL – If – ticket price on the third day is 100 equation.
2) dollars, what is the initial ticket price on
the first day if each day the price is a 3=a1 +(3−1)d

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
discounted by 10 dollars? 100=a1 +(3−1)(−10)
100=a1 +2(−10)
100=a1−20
100+20=a1
120=a1

The owner of a small retail sari-sari A5 = A o + (n – 1) d The sales of the

store noticed a decreasing arithmetic 8,000 = A o + (5 – 1) (- 2.500) sari-sari store at the
sequence in their monthly sales from 8,000 = A o + (4) (-2,500) start of January
January to May. The sales decrease by 8,000 = A o + (- 10,000) were Php18,000.00.
Php2,500.00 every month starting end 8,000 + 10,000 = A o
of January to May. At present, the sari-
18,000 = A o
sari store’s sales is Php8,000.00. How
much was the sari-sari store’s sales at
the start of January?
Addition/Comparison Solves A certain construction company Let A1=area of the 1 st land The total area of
Problem problems purchased two pieces of land for a new A2=area of the2 nd land land purchased by
involving project. The first piece of land measures T =total area of the 2 lands the construction
2
polynomials 5 x +3 x−2 square meters, while the company is
2
and polynomial second piece of land measures 7 x +4 a. Solve for the A2 : 10 x +13 x square
equations. square meters more than the first piece meters or
(M10AL – Ij –2) of land. Determine the total area of land A2= A 1+ ( 7 x+ 4 ) x (10 x+ 13) square
Factors purchased by the company. Express the meters.
polynomials A2= ( 5 x 2 +3 x−2 ) +(7 x+ 4)
polynomial in factored form. 2
(M10AL – Ih – A2=5 x +10 x+ 2
1)
b. Solve for T :

T = A1 + A2
2
T =( 5 x ¿¿ 2+3 x−2)+(5 x + 10 x +2) ¿
2
T =10 x +13 x
c. In factored form of the
polynomial is:

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
2
10 x +13 x or x (10 x+ 13)
Derives The measure of a central angle AOC is m∠AOC = 15° more than The measure of
inductively the 15° more than the measure of another m∠MON ∠AOC is 50° .
relations among central angle MON. If the m∠MON = 35, = 15 + m∠MON
chords, arcs, what is the m∠AOC? = 15 + 35
central angles, = 50
and inscribed
angles
(M10GE-IIc-1)
Subtraction/Joining Solves Janissa has (x + 3) potted plants at No. of potted plants Janissa was given
Problem problems home. Her friend gave her some potted = (2x – 5) – (x + 3) x – 8 potted
involving plants. At present, Janissa has (2x – 5) = 2x – 5 – x – 3 plants by her friend.
polynomials potted plants. How many potted plants = x – 8 potted plants
and polynomial did her friend give to Janissa?
equations
(M10AL-Ij-2) 2. The NDHM bookstore had (4a2 – 8ab 4a2 – 8ab – 9b2 There were
– 9b2) copies of a popular novel. They - (6a2 – 8ab – 14b2) -2a2 + 5b2
sold some copies to their customers. or 5b2 – 2a2
Now they have 6a2 – 8ab – 14b2. How 4a2 – 8ab – 9b2 copies of the novel
many copies of the novel were sold? - 6a2 + 8ab +14b2 sold.
-2a2 + 0ab + 5b2
Subtraction/ Solves If you have (x + 5) friends on Facebook, No. of friends in Facebook = (x Therefore, you
Separation Problem problems then you unfriend (x – 2) of them. How + 5) – (x - 2) have 7 friends now.
involving many friends do you have now on = x + 5 – x + 2
polynomials Facebook? = 7 friends
and polynomial A gadget manufacturer produced a No. of good smartwatches left There are
equations batch of (7x2 – 5x +3) smartwatches. =(7x2 – 5x +3) – (4x2 – 2) 3x2 – 5x + 5 good
(M10AL-Ij-2) However, during quality control, they =7x2 – 4x2 – 5x +3 + 2 smartwatches left in
found that (4x2 – 2) smartwatches were =3x2 – 5x + 5 the batch.
defective and needed to be discarded.
How many good smartwatches are left
in the batch?
Subtraction/Increase Determines the Roy finds that the equation of a circle is The center-radius form of the The original length
Problem center and equation of a circle is of the radius is 4

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
radius of a 2 2 2 2
(x−3) + ( y−4) = 36 after adding its (x−h) + ( y−k ) = r 2, where units.
circle given its radius by 2 units. Originally, how long (h,k) is center and
equation and was the radius of the circle? r is the radius.
vice versa In the equation,
(M10GE-IIh-2) 2 2
(x−3) + ( y−4) = 36, r 2
corresponds to 36, so
2
r = 36
r = 6 (after adding
2 units)
Therefore, the original length
of the radius is 4 units.
Solving The number of visitors to a museum a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d There were 1247
problems increases by 100 each month. In the 4th a 4=a1+ ( 4−1 ) (100) visitors in the first
involving month, there were 1 547 visitors to the 1547=a1 + ( 3 ) (100) month.
sequences. museum. How many visitors were there
1547=a1 +(300)
(M10AL – If – in the first month?
a 1=1547−300
2)
a 1=1247
or
1547 – 100 = 1447
1547 – 100 = 1347
1347 – 100 = 1247
Subtraction/Decrease Solving Samantha has 385 friends on Facebook. a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d There will be 313
Problem problems Over the next 5 days, she decides to a 5=385+ ( 5−1 ) (−18) friends left on the
involving remove 18 friends each day. The a =385+ ( 4 ) (−18) fifth day.
5
sequences. decrease in the number of friends on
a 5=385+(−72)
(M10AL – If – Facebook is illustrated in the sequence
a =385−72
2) 385, 367, 349,…. How many friends will 5
Samantha have left on the fifth day? a 5=313
or
385 – 18 = 367
367 – 18 = 349
349 – 18 = 331
331 – 18 = 313

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
Interprets The owner of a certain internet café, 2nd Quartile The value of the 2nd
measures of finds out that the median or 2nd quartile = 14.25 (day time) – quartile during the
position of the number of customers during day 2.75 night is 11.5.
(M10SP-IVc-1) time is 14.25. In the evening, the value = 11.5
of the 2nd quartile usually decreases by
2.75.
What usually is the value of the 2 nd
quartile during night time?
Subtraction/ Solves F and D Company produces two types Total profit of Model A: Model A have
Comparison Problem problems of smartphones: Model A and Model B. (5x2 - 3x + 2)(100) = 500x2 – 300x2 – 400x + 250
involving The profit per unit of Model A is given by 300x + 200 more profit than
polynomials the polynomial equation 5x2 - 3x + 2, Model B.
and polynomial and the profit per unit of Model B is Total profit of Model B:
equations given by the polynomial equation 4x2 + (4x2 + 2x – 1)(50) =
(M10AL-Ij-2) 2x - 1. If the company sells 100 units of 200x2 + 100x – 50
Model A and 50 units of Model B, how
much more profit does Model A have Comparison in total profit of
than Model B? the two models:
500x2 – 300x + 200
- (200x2 + 100x – 50)
300x2 – 400x + 250
Determines the The equation of Circle A is given to Transform the equations into Therefore, the
center and be center-radius form: radius of circle A is
radius of a x + y + 4x – 6y + 4 = 0, while the Circle A 3 units.
2 2
2 2
circle given its equation of Circle B is x + y - 4x + 6y - x + y + 4x – 6y + 4 = 0
2 2
2 2
equation and 3 = 0. Which circle has a longer radius x + y + 4x – 6y + 4 = 0 Circle B
vice versa and by how much?
2 2
x + 4x + y – 6y = -4
2 2
x + y - 4x + 6y - 3
(M10GE-IIh-2) ¿ ¿+ 4x) + ( y 2 – 6y) = -4 =0
¿ ¿+ 4x + 4) + ( y 2 – 6y + 9)
= -4 + 4 + 9
2 2
(x +2) + ( y−3) = 9
2 2
(x +2) + ( y−3) = 32
Therefore, the radius of circle A is 3
units.

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL

Circle B
2 2
x + y - 4x + 6y - 3 = 0
n−1
Multiplication/ Solves A population of a certain species of a n=a1 r The population of
Repeated Addition problems rabbits doubles every year. If there are a 5=a1 r
4 rabbits after 5 years
involving currently 20 rabbits in a particular area, a 5=20 ¿ will be 320.
sequences. what will be the population of rabbits
a 5=20(16)
(M10AL – If – after 5 years?
2) a 5=320

Solves A company will celebrate its Anniversary (2x2 - 3x + 1) (x + 2) The company will
problems Day. As preparation, they pre-ordered = 2x2(x) + 2x2(2) – 3x(x) -3x(2) pay 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 2
involving (2x2 - 3x + 1) food packs which cost (x + + 1(x) + 1(2) for the food packs.
polynomials 2) per pack. How much will the company = 2x3 + 4x2 -3x2 -6x +x + 2
and polynomial pay for the food packs? = 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 2
equations
(M10AL-Ij-2)
Multiplication/ Array Solves The width of a rectangle measures (3x + Given: The area of
Problem problems 2) units. If the other side measures 3 Width = 3x + 2 rectangle in terms
involving more than its width, what is the area of Length = 3 + (3x + 2) of x is
2
polynomials the rectangle (in terms of x)? = 3x + 5 9 x + 21x + 10
and polynomial (square.units)
equations AREA (rectangle)
(M10AL-Ij-2) = length x width
= (3x + 5) (3x + 2)
= 9 x 2 + 6x + 15x + 10
= 9 x 2 + 21x + 10
(square.units)
A farmer has a field in the shape of a. Arectangle =lw a. ∴ The area of
a rectangle with dimensions in terms of Arectangle =(x +3)(2 x−1) the rectangular field
x. The length is (x +3) meters and the 2
Arectangle =2 x −x +6 x−3 is 2x2 + 5x – 3
width is (2 x – 1) meters. 2 meters.
Arectangle =2 x +5 x−3 meter
b.
a. Find the area of the rectangular field. b. ∴The new area

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
b. If the farmer wants to increase the Arectangle =[ 3( x +3) ][ 3(2 x−1) ] of the field if it is
size of the field by a factor of 3, what will Arectangle =(3 x +9)(6 x−3) increased by a
be the new area of the field in terms of 2
Arectangle =18 x −9 x+54 x−27 factor of 3 is 18x2
x? 2 +45x – 27 meters.
Arectangle =18 x + 45 x −27 meters
or
Arectangle =9 ( x+ 3 ) (2 x−1 )
2
Arectangle =9(2 x + 5 x −3)
2
Arectangle =18 x + 45 x −27
meters
Multiplication/ Applies The location of different barangays in a Find the distance between The distance
Comparison Problem distance certain Municipality is drawn on a brgy. A & brgy. B using the between brgys A
formula to coordinate plane such that each unit is distance formula: and B is
prove some equivalent to 2 km. Brgy. A is located at Brgy A = (10, 3) 1 unit (2 km) longer
geometric (10, 3) while brgy. B is located at (6, 6). Brgy B = (6, 6) than the distance
properties If the distance between brgy. C and between brgys C
(M10GE IIg-2) brgy. D is 4 units, how much longer is d = √¿¿¿ and D.
the distance between brgy. A and brgy. d = √¿ ¿
B? d = √¿¿
d = √ 16+9
d = √ 25
d = 5 units (10 km)

The distance between brgy C

and brgy D is 4 units (8 km).

Therefore, the distance

between brgys A and B is
1 unit (2 km) longer than the
distance between brgys C
and D.
Derives The radius of a small circular garden Let Therefore, the area
inductively the is 5 meters. The radius of a larger A1=thearea of the smaller garden of the larger circular
relations among circular garden in 12 meters. If the larger Let garden is 50 π

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
chords, arcs, garden has double the area of the A2=the areaof the larger garden square meters.
central angles, smaller garden, what is the area of the Solve for A1 :
and inscribed larger circular garden? (Note: Area of a 2 2
A1=π r =π (5) =25 π
angles. circle = π r 2) square meters
(M10GE – IIc –
Solve for A2 :
1)
A2=2 A1 =2 ( 25 π )=50 π
Solves
problems on square meters
circles. (M10GE
– IIf – 2)
Multiplication/ Solves Suppose there are 2 roads in going from Town A to town B The number of
Combination Problem problems town A to town B and 3 roads from town = 2 roads ways from Town A
involving B to town C. How many ways can you Town B to town C going to town C
permutations travel from town A to town C passing = 3 roads passing through
(M10SP-IIIb-1) through town B? town B is 6 ways (2
Therefore, the number of ways x 3 = 6 ways).
from Town A going to town C
passing through town B is 6
ways
(2 x 3 = 6 ways).
The school library has 10 different Let C = the number of Therefore, the
books on science, 9 different books on combinations student can choose
English, and 5 different books on 10 different
literature. If a student needs to choose C=10 x 9 x 5 combinations of
one book from each category for a C=450 different books.
research project, how many different combinations
combinations can they choose?
Division/ Repeated Illustrates A pizza pie as a diameter of 18 inches. The degree measure of a The no. of equal
Subtraction secants, You want to cut the pizza into equal circle is 360° . slices
tangents, slices so that each family member gets Each slice measures 60° . is 6.
segments, and a sector with an angle of 60° . How
sectors of a many slices will you have in total? Therefore,
circle (M10GE- The no. of equal slices
IIe-1)

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
360
=
60
= 6 equal slices
Solves A car’s value depreciates by 10% Find the common ratio (r): Therefore, the car’s
problems each year. If the car is currently worth  Each term is 90% of worth after 5 years
involving Php2, 548, 000.00 What will be its worth the previous term is Php 1,671,742.80 .
sequences. after 5 years? (100% - 10%
(M10AL – If – depreciation). Thus,
2) r = 0.9.
n−1
a n=a1 r
4
a 5=a1 r
4
a 5=(Php 2,548,000)(0.9)
a 5=(Php 2,548,000)(0.6561)
a 5=( Php2,548,000 )( 0.6561 )
a 5=Php1,671,742.80
Division/ Array Solves Mr. Cruz wants to divide his field into The number of sections Mr. Therefore, the
Problem problems equal section and give this to his Cruz can create is given by number of sections
involving children. The field has an area of the equation: Mr. Cruz can create
2
polynomials 60 x −24 x square meters, and he wants is 12x.
and polynomial each section to have an area of Number of Sections= Total area of the field
equations. ( 5 x−2 ) square meters. How many Area of each section
(M10AL – Ij – sections can he create?
2) 2
60 x −24 x
Number of sections= =12 x
5 x−2
(Use the long method of
dividing polynomials)
The school's theater club is organizing a The number of students in There will be (4x +
Cultural Show as part of their High each row is illustrated in the 7) students in each
School Day celebration. If the school eqaution below: row.
have (5x2 + 7x + 25) students and wants to
arrange them equally in (6x – 25) rows, how Total Students
many students will there be in each row?
Number of Students∈each row=
Number of Rows

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL

2
4 x −5 x−21
Number of Students∈each row=
x−3

(Use synthetic division in

finding the quotient)
Division/ Solves A certain social media platform allows To find the number of Therefore, there
Comparison/ Fraction problems users to select their favorite categories combinations, use the formula 10 different
involving of content to personalize their feed. If for combinations of objects combinations.
permutations there are 5 categories to choose from taken r at a time.
and (Fashion, Food, Travel, Fitness and In the situation, there are 5
combinations. Technology) and each user must select categories and each need to
at least 2 categories, how many different select at least 2
combinations of categories can a user
choose? n!
C (n , r )=
r ! ( n−r ) !

5! 5! 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ! 5 ∙ 4 20
C ( 5 , 2 )= = = = = =10
2 ! ( 5−2 ) ! 2! 3! 2 ! ∙3 ! 2 2
different combinations

Solves In a pet store, there are 2x + 4 dogs and 2x+4 2(x +2) 2 The ratio of the
= =
problems x2 + 6x + 8 cats. The store owner wants 2
x +6 x +8 ( x +4 ) ( x +2 ) x+ 4 number of dogs to
involving to organize the dogs and cats into the number of cats
polynomials separate pens, with an equal number of in each pen is
and polynomial animals in each pen. What is the ratio of 2
equations. the number of dogs to the number of x+ 4
(M10AL – Ij – cats in each pen?
2)
Division/ Grouping Solves A department store in a certain city To find the number of teams, Therefore, the
Problem problems has a total of 120 x 3−40 x 2 +60 x we divide the total number of management of the
involving workers. The management wants to workers by the number of department store
polynomials divide the workers into teams of equal workers in each team. can form

MATHEMATICS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of NEGROS ORIENTAL
2
and polynomial size, with each team having a 6 x −2 x+ 3 teams.
equations. polynomial expression as the number of Let N = the number of teams
(M10AL – Ij – workers. If the expression representing
3 2
2) the number of workers in each team is 120 x −40 x +60 x
20 x , how many teams can they form? N=
20 x
3 2
120 x 40 x 60 x
N= − −
20 x 20 x 20 x
2
N=6 x −2 x +3
A greenhouse has P(x) = 12 x2 + x – 35 4x + 7 There are 4x + 7
2
plants that need to be divided into equal 3x -5 /12x + x - 35 groups that can be
groups. If each group should have g(x) = -12x2 -20x made.
3x – 5 plants, how many groups can 21x – 35
you make? - 21x – 35
0
Prepared by:

JAMES D. RODRIGUEZ RIZALIZA C. VIDAD

Writer Writer
Quality Checked by:
MARIA FATIMA M. EMPERADO
Grade 10 Focal Person

MATHEMATICS