Long Division and Synthetic Division

Module 8: Dividing Polynomials by Long Division and Synthetic Division
10
Mathematics
First Quarter – Module 8:
Dividing Polynomials By Long

Division And Synthetic Division
1
Mathematics - Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Dividing Polynomials by Long Division and Synthetic Division

First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Pamela P. Sesaldo

Editor: Pamela A. Rodemio
Reviewers: Dr. Anecita U. Mendez (Moderator)
Mr. Carmelito M. Lauron Sr.
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EPS in LRMS: Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas
EPS in Math: Dr. Pamela A. Rodemio
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Grade 10 Mathematics 2
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10
Mathematics
First Quarter – Module 8:
Dividing Polynomials by Long
Division and Synthetic Division
Introductory Message
Introductory Message
This module is carefully designed to continually facilitate learners to achieve

mastery ON THE MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES and develop their
21st century skills. This module consists of essential components developed
appropriately for self-instructional mode of learning. The components come in various
developmental purposes that are designed to diagnose (pretest), recall and associate
(review), discuss, explain and even provide practice activities, enrichment tasks,
assessments and answer keys.
Upon taking the pretest, determine whether you need to take or skip this
module. At 100% accuracy, you possess the mastery of the topic in the module; hence,
you don’t need to take it and you may choose to proceed to the next module. At 99%
and below, you are recommended to undertake the module to acquire the necessary
skills.
Though allowed, adult supervision is limited only to providing assistance in

accomplishing this module. It is highly recommended that YOU, the learner, should try
to engage independently in doing the different tasks for you to become a critical thinker
and problem solver which are the twin goals of Mathematics.
May this module be utilized to its fullest extent in the purpose of learning the
competencies construed as Most Essential for a learner in this level.
God bless and enjoy learning!
PAMELA A. RODEMIO
Education Program Supervisor - MATH
Dividing Polynomials by Long Division

and Synthetic Division
Most Essential Learning Competency:
The learner performs division of polynomials using long division and synthetic
division (M10AL-Ig-1).
What I Need to Know
In this lesson you will learn to:
1. explain the process of dividing polynomials by long division and synthetic

division
2. divide polynomials accurately using long division and synthetic division
3. manifest determination in solving problems involving division of
polynomials
Dividing polynomials is important because some real-life situations require its

application. Engineers use it in finding the area, perimeter, length , and width needed
in creating building plans, designing roads and other structures.
What I know
Find out how much you already know about the content of this module. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate answer sheet. Take note of the items that you
were not able to answer correctly and find the right solution as you go through this module.
1. Which of the following is/are polynomials arranged in descending powers?

I. 7x5 + 4x3 + 2x + 1 III. 8 + 5x5 - 3x3 + x2
II. 8x3 + 3x5 - 2x - 4 IV. -2x5 + 8 x4 - 5x + 4
A. I only B. II only C. I and III only D. I and IV only

2. What is the missing term of x4 + 3x3 – 5x + 1?
A. 1st degree B. 2nd degree C. 5th degree D. none
For items 3 to 6, use the illustration on long division that follows:
Divide (5x2 + 14x – 20) by (x + 4).
5x − 6
x + 4) 5x 2 + 14x − 20
2nd line 5x 2 + 20x

− 6x − 20
−6x − 24
4
3 What is the remainder? A. 5x-6 B. x + 4 C. -6 D. 4
4. Which is the divisor? A. x + 4 B. 5x – 6 C. 5x + 14x – 24
2
D. 0
5. Which is the quotient? A. x + 4 B. 5x – 6 C. 5x2 + 14x – 24 D. 0
6. What process is used to obtain the 2nd line?
A. Subtracting 5x from (x + 4) C. Adding 5x to (x + 4)
B. Dividing 5x by (x + 4) D. Multiplying 5x by (x + 4)
7. What is the quotient when x2 – 25 is divided by x – 5?
A. x – 5 B. x – 25 C. x + 5 D. x + 25
8. Below is the solution when P(x) = (x3 + 6x2 + 2x – 12) is divided by (x + 2) using
synthetic division.
–2 1 6 2 –12
–2 –8 12
1 4 –6 0
Express the third row as a polynomial in x.

A. x2 – 4x – 6 B. x2 – 4x + 6 C. x2 + 4x + 6 D. x2 + 4x – 6
9. If (7x4 – 5x5 – 7x3 + 2x – 3) is divided by (x + 3) using synthetic division, the numbers in

the first row would be
A. –5 7 –7 0 2 –3 C. 1 7 –7 0 2 –3
B. –7 –7 –5 0 2 –3 D. –3 7 –7 0 2 –5
10. Diggy used synthetic division to find the quotient of (5x2 – 16x + 4x3 – 3) divided by
(x – 2). He obtained -19 as remainder. His solution is shown below.
2 5 –16 4 –3
10 –12 –16
5 –6 –8 –19
What is the error?

I. The sign of the divisor was not changed.
II.The terms of the polynomial were not arranged according to decreasing
powers of x.
III.The sum entries in the third row are incorrect.
IV.The numerical coefficients of the first row were not properly written.
A. I only B. II only C. II and IV only D. I and III only

. For nos. (11-14) Refer to the Synthetic Division below.
-2 │ 3 - 4 + 5 -12
- 6 +20 - 50
3 -10 +25 - 62
11. Which is the remainder? A. -2 B. 3 C. - 62 D. -12
12. Which is the divisor? A. x+2 B. x-2 C. x2 - 1 D. x2+1

13. Which is the dividend?
A. 3x3 - 4x2 + 5x -12 C. - 6x2 + 20x - 50
B. 3x2 -10x +25 D. 3x3 -10x2 +25x - 62
14. Which is the quotient?
A. 3x3 - 4x2 + 5x -12 C. - 6x2 + 20x - 50
B. 3x2 -10x +25 D. 3x3 -10x2 +25x - 6
15. What is the quotient if 2x3 – 3x2 - 5x – 12 is divided by x-3?
A. 2x2 + 3x + 4 B. 2x2 - 3x – 4 C. 2x2 - 3x + 4 D. 2x2 - 3x – 4
Lesson : Dividing Polynomials by Long division

and Synthetic Division
What’s In
𝑥𝑚
Recall: Quotient Rule about exponent: = 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛
𝑥𝑛
TRY THIS:
1. Divide 324 by 9.
2. What is the quotient if 30x8 is divided by 5x3?
3. If 12x4 – 10x3 + 4x2 + 20x is divided by 2x what is the result?
Process Questions:
1. How did you derive your answers?

2. What operation was done to the exponents as you divide expressions of the same
variable/s?
3. How many terms are there in each divisor?
4. Did you get 36, 6x5, and 6x3-5x2+2x + 10 respectively as the answers? Why?
Let us go over the solutions.
1. 36
9) 324
27.
54
54
0
30𝑥 8 30
2.
5𝑥3
= 5
𝑥 8−3 = 6𝑥 5
(12x4 – 10x3 + 4𝑥2 + 20x)

3.
2𝑥
12𝑥 4 10𝑥 3 4𝑥 2 20𝑥

= − + + +
2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
= 6𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 10
What’s New
What is the width of a rectangular classroom if it has an area of x 2 + 3x – 18 sqm.

and its length is x-3 m?
What operation will help us answer the problem?
What is It
The area of a rectangle is obtained by multiplying its length and width, A = (L)(W).
Therefore, to find its width we need to divide its area by its length. In the given problem, the
data are:
Area = x2 + 3x – 18 sqm → dividend (polynomial of 3 terms → trinomial)
Length = x-3 m → divisor (polynomial of 2 terms → binomial)
Width =?
Solution:
To divide a polynomial a polynomial by another polynomial, we can use long division
with the same procedure as dividing integers.
x+6 ← quotient
divisor → X – 3) x2 + 3x – 18 ← dividend
X2 - 3x ← subtraction process
0 6x - 18
6x - 18 ← subtraction process
0 ← remainder
Check:
(Quotient) (Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend
(x + 6) (x – 3) = x2 + 3x – 18
X - 3x + 6x – 18 = x2 + 3x – 18
2
X2 + 3x - 18 = x2 + 3x – 18
The quotient when x2 + 3x – 18 is divided by x – 3 is x+ 6.

Therefore, the width of the rectangle is x + 6 meters.
To summarize the process:
Steps in Dividing Polynomials Using Long Division
1. Arrange the divisor and the dividend in descending powers or in standard form.
2. Divide the first terms of the dividend by the first term of the divisor to obtain the first term
of the quotient.
3. Multiply the first term of the quotient by the whole divisor.
4. Do the subtraction process. Then bring down the remaining terms in the dividend.
5. Repeat the process in step 2 to obtain the second term of the quotient.
6. Repeat the process in step 2 until you reach the point that you can no longer divide
because the degree of the divisor is already less than the remaining dividend.
There is a shorter procedure when a polynomial is divided by a binomial of the form

(x - c). This method is called synthetic division. In this procedure, we only consider the
coefficients in the process. The divisor must be a 1st degree binomial and must have 1 as its
leading coefficient (1x – c).
Let use the same problem:

Area of the rectangle = x2 + 3x – 18 sq m → dividend
Length = x-3 m → divisor of the form (x – c)
Width =?
To divide P(x) = (x2 + 3x – 18) by (x-3) using synthetic division let us follow the steps
outlined below: The procedure involves writing numbers in three rows.
Steps in Dividing the Polynomial P(x) = x2 + 3x – 18 by (x-3)

using Synthetic Division
Step 1.
Arrange the coefficients of the
dividend P(x) = x2 + 3x – 18 in descending 1 + 3 - 18
powers, replacing 0 for any missing term.
In this example, there is no missing term.
Step 2.
The divisor is x – 3. Therefore, its root 3 1 + 3 - 18
is 3 or x = 3. Place the root of the divisor at
the upper left corner.
Solution in finding the root:

Equate the divisor to zero: x – 3 = 0
Solve for x: X= 3
Step 3.
Bring down the leading coefficient of 3 1 + 3 - 18
P(x) = x2 + 3x – 18, which is 1 in this example 3
and multiply this by 3 (the root of the divisor).
1 6
Write the product under 3, the second term
coefficient and add. The sum is 6.
Step 4.
Multiply the resulting sum 6 by 3 (the
root of the divisor) and place the product 18 3 1 + 3 - 18
under -18, the coefficient of the third term, 3 18
then add.
1 6 0
The last sum is the remainder. Therefore,
the remainder is zero or there is no
remainder. R(x) = 0
Step 5.
The numbers in the third row, 1 , 6 3 1 + 3 - 18
except the last digit 0 represents the 3 18
coefficients of the quotient Q(x), which must
be one degree less than P(X).
The degree of P(x) = x2 + 3x – 18 is 2,
1 6 0 ← 3rd Row
X + 6
therefore the degree of Q(x) is 2-1 = 1.
Quotient : Q(x) = x + 6
Remainder: R(x) = 0
Therefore:
P(x) = x2 + 3x – 18 x – 3 ÷ (x – 3)
Quotient: P(x) = x + 6
Remainder: R(x) = 0
The width of the rectangle is (x + 6) m
Let us have more examples:

Example 1.
Use synthetic division to find the quotient and remainder of 4x2 + 3x3 + 8 is divided by x+ 5 ?
Rewrite first P(x) in standard form or in descending powers.

P(x) = 3x3 + 4x2 + 8 (The 1st degree term is missing)
P(x) = 3x3 + 4x2 + 0x +8 ; Divisor: x + 5 = 0

X=-5
-5 3 4 0 8
-15 55 -275
3 -11 55 - 267
267
3x2 - 11x + 55 -
𝑥 +5
Check:
(Quotient) (Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend
(3x2 - 11x + 55) (x + 5) + 267 = 3x3 + 4x2 + 8
3x3 – 11x2 + 55x + 15x2 – 55x + 275) + (-267) = 3x3 + 4x2 + 8
3x3 – 11x2 + 15 x2 + 55x – 55x + 275 – 267 = 3x3 + 4x2 + 8
3x3 + 4x2 + 8 = 3x3 + 4x2 + 8
267
Q(x) = 3x2 - 11x + 55 -
𝑥 +5
Or
Q(x) = 3x2 - 11x + 55
R(x) = 267
Example 2
What is the quotient and remainder if P(x) = 6x3 + 17x – 16x2 – 5 is divided by 3x – 2?
Solve by long division and synthetic division.
A. By Long Division
* Rewrite first P(x) in standard form or in descending powers.
P(X) = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5 ÷ (3x -2)
2x2 - 4x + 3
3x – 2) 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
6x3 - 4x2 2
0 - 12x2 + 17x
- 12x2 + 8x 2
0 9x – 5
9x - 6
1
Check: (Quotient) (Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend

(2x2 - 4x + 3) (3x – 2) + 1 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
(6x3 – 4x2 – 12x2 + 8x + 9x – 6) + 1 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 6 + 1 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
1
Therefore the quotient is 2x2 - 4x + 3 +
3𝑥−2
Or
Q(x) = 2x2 - 4x + 3
R(x) = 1
B.By Synthetic Division

Rewrite first P(x) in standard form or in descending powers.
P(X) = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5 ÷ (3x -2)
Divisor: 3x – 2.
Observe that the divisor is not of the form (1x-c) or (x – c), but by factoring we can
2
have: 3x – 2 = 3(x – ). Therefore, the problem can be restated as:
3
2
P(X) = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5 ÷ 3 ( x – )
3
2
Thus we first use synthetic division to divide 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5 by ( x – ), and then
3
divide the result by 3 to get the final answer.
2
6 -16 17 -5
3
4 8 6
1
[ 6 -12 9
𝑥−2/3
] divided by 3
1
2 -4 3
3𝑥−2
1
2x2 - 4x +3+
3𝑥−2
Check: (Quotient) (Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend

( 2x2 - 4x + 3) (3x – 2) + 1 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
(6x3 – 4x2 – 12x2 + 8x + 9x – 6) + 1 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 6 + 1 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5 = 6x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
267
Q(x) = 3x2 - 11x + 55 -
𝑥 +5
Or
Q(x) = 3x2 - 11x + 55
R(x) = 267
What’s More
Activity 1
Independent Activity 1
True or False. On your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it
is not.
1. To divide polynomials, always arrange the dividend and the divisor in ascending order.
2. Dividing polynomials by long division follows the same procedure as dividing integers.
3. To verify if the quotient is correct, multiply the divisor and the quotient, then add the
remainder to derive the dividend.
4. The quotient of x2 + 9x +20 divided by x + 5 is x - 4.
5. (x+4) is the quotient if x2 + 9x +20 is divided by x + 5.
Independent Assessment 1
Find the quotient Q(x) and remainder R(X) of the following using long division. You can verify
your answer by multiplying the quotient and divisor, then add the remainder to get the
remainder. Write your solution legibly on your answer sheet.
1. (x2 + 3x + 2) ÷ (x + 2)
2. (4x2 +3x3 + 8) ÷ (x - 2)
3. (x2 – 3x + 7) ÷ (x- 5)
4. (4x3 – 3x2 + x + 1) ÷ (x + 2)
5. (8x4 – 4x3 + 5) ÷ (2x + 1)
Activity 2
True or False. On your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it
is not.
1. Synthetic division can be used in dividing polynomials if the divisor is of the form x - c.
2. The first step of synthetic division is to arrange the coefficients of the dividend in
standard form, placing 0 for a missing term.
3. If the divisor is (x + 5), then the root of the divisor is 5.
4. The quotient of x2 - 6x -16 divided by x -8 is x+ 2.
5. (x-2) is the quotient if x2 – 6x - 16 is divided by x - 8.
Find the quotient Q(x) and remainder R(x) of the following using synthetic division. You can
verify your answer by multiplying the quotient and divisor, then add the remainder to get the
dividend. Write your solution legibly on your answer sheet.
1. (x2 + 6x + 8) ÷ (x + 2)
2. (x2 – 3x + 7) ÷ (x- 5)
3. (4x3 – 3x2 + x + 1) ÷ (x + 2)
4. (4x2 +3x3 + 8) ÷ (x - 2)
5. (8x4 – 4x3 + 7) ÷ (2x + 5)
Activity 3
Read the questions carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on
your answer sheet.
1. How should the polynomial P(x) = 2x+x3+3x5+4 be written in standard form?
A. P(x) = x3 +2x+3x5 + 4 C. P(x) = x3 + 4 +3x5 + 2x
B. P(x) = 4 +3x5 +2x + 1x3 D. P(x) = 3x5+x3+2x +4
2. If (7x4-5x5-7x3+2x-1) is divided by (x+3) using synthetic division, the root of the divisor is
A. 3 B. -3 C. 1 D. -1
Given the synthetic division illustration below, answer items 3-5:
-2 1 -8 9 58
-2 20 -58
1 -10 29 0 ← 3rd row
3. What is the degree of the dividend? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

4. What operation is involved to derive the 3rd row: 1 -10 29 -59?
A. Multiplication B. Division C. Addition D. Subtraction
5.Which is the quotient?
A. x-2 B. x+ 2 C. x2 -10x + 29 D. x3 – 8x2 + 9x + 58
your answer sheet.
1. What is the quotient when x2- 14x + 49 is divided by x – 7 ?
A. X+7 B. x-49 C. X+49 D. x – 7

2.Which is the remainder if x3 - 3x2- x + 20 is divided by x+2 ?
A.-2 B.1 C.2 D.3
3. Identify the quotient and remainder if 4x3 + x2 - 2x + 3 is divided by x + 2.
A. 4X2 - 7X + 12 and 21 C. 4X2 - 7X- 12 and -21
B. 4X2 - 7X + 12 and -21 D. 4X2 - 7X -12 and 21
4. Which of the following polynomials is exactly divisible by 2x-1?
A. 2x2 – 5x +2 B. 2x2+9x+1 C. 4x2 – 16 D. all of them
5. What is the value of S if, (x-3) divides (x3+ Sx +3) and the remainder is zero?
A. 4 B. 6 C. - 4 D. – 6
What I Have Learned
The following activities will help you assess your understanding of division
of polynomials.
Answer each of the following completely in your answer sheet.
𝑝
1. If p = 2y3 + 4y2 – y – 8 and s = y – 2. What is ?
𝑠
2. Find the quotient when (x – 6x + 2x + 12) is divided by (x – 2).
3 2
3. What must be multiplied to (m2 + 2m + 1) to get

(m4 + m3 + m2 + 3m + 2)?
4. A square has a perimeter of (4x + 8) meters. What expression represents
the length of its side?
5. The area of a rectangle is (x2 –13x + 40) square units. If its width is (x-8)
units, what expression represents its length?
What I can Do
The following activities will help you use division of polynomials to solve
real-world problems. Show your solutions in your answer sheet.
1. Mr. Covido wants to paint the roof of Cebu Hospital where the length is
(2x - y) meters and a width of (x + y) meters. If one gallon of paint covers
(x + y) 2 square meters, what is the minimum number of cans of paint
needed?
2. Cora’s lot in a shape of a square has its length (x– 5) meters.
a. How many meters of fencing materials are needed to enclose it?

b. If x = 16, and one square meter of the lot costs Php 5000, what is the
cost of the lot?
3. Rona’s vegetable garden has an area of (3x2 + 5x – 2) square meters.

Its width is (x + 2) meters.
a. Find the length of Rona’s garden.
b. You decided to divide the garden into two or more smaller congruent
gardens. Design a possible model and include mathematical concepts in
your design. ( Length, width and area of each partition)
Assessment
your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is/are polynomials arranged in descending powers?

I. 8x3 - 14x2 + 2x - 1 III. 8x6 + 5x5 - 3x3 + 9x2
II. 4x3 + 3x5 - 2x -1 IV. -2x2+ 8 x4 - 5x6 + x8
A. I only B. II only C. I and III only D. I and IV only

2. What is the missing term of the polynomial x5 + 3x4 – 5x3 + x2-?
A. 1st degree B. 2nd degree c. none D. 0
For items 3 to 6, use the illustration on long division that follows:
Divide (5x2 + 14x – 24) by (x + 4).
5x − 1
x + ) 5x 2 + 14x − 24
2nd line 5x 2 + 15x
− x − 24
−x − 3
- 21
3 What is the remainder? A. 5x-1 B. x + 3 C. -21 D. -1
4. Which is the divisor? A. x + 3 B. 5x – 1 C. 5x2 + 14x – 24 D. -21
5. Which is the quotient? A. x + 3 B. 5x – 1 C. 5x2 + 14x – 24 D. - 3
6. What is the process used to obtain the 2nd line?
A. Subtracting 5x from (x + 3) C. Multiplying 5x by (x + 3)
B. Dividing 5x by (x + 3) D. Adding 5x to (x + 3)
7. What is the quotient when x2 – 81 is divided by x + 9?

A. x – 9 B. x – 3 C. x + 3 D. x + 29
8. Below is the solution when P(x) = (2x3 + 7x2 + 2x – 3) is divided by (x + 3).
–3 2 7 2 –3
–6 –3 3
2 1 –1 0
Express the third row as a polynomial in x.
A. 2x2 – x – 1 B. 2x2 –x +1 C. 2x2 + x - 1 D. 2x2 + x + 1
9. If (5x4 – 7x5 – 4x3 + 2x – 3) is divided by (x - 3) using synthetic division, the numbers in the
first row would be
A. 5 - 7 –4 2 –3 C. - 7 –5 - 4 - 3 2
B. 5 –7 –4 0 2 –3 D. –7 5 – 4 0 2 –3
10. Diggy used synthetic division to find the quotient if

(5x2 – 16x + 4x3 – 3) is divided by (x – 2). He obtained –19 as remainder. His solution is
shown below.
2 5 –16 4 –3
10 –12 –16
5 –6 –8 –19
The sum entries in the third row are incorrect What is the error?
I. The sign of the divisor was not changed.
II. The terms of the polynomial were not arranged according to decreasing
powers of x.
III. The numerical coefficients of the first row were not properly written.
IV.The sum entries in the third row are incorrect.
A. I only B. II only C. II and IV only D. II and III only

. For nos. (11-14) Refer to the Synthetic Division below.
3│1 4 -6 -45
3 21 45
1 7 15 0
11. What is the remainder? a. -5 b. 3 c . 45 d. 0
12. Which is the divisor? a. x – 3 b. x + 3 c. x2 - 3 d. x2 + 3
13. Which is the dividend? a. x3 - 4x2 + 6x -45 c. x2 + 7x - 15
b. x2 + 7x +15 d. x3 + 4x2 - 6x - 45
14. Which is the quotient?
A. x2 + 7x +15 C. x3 + 4x2 - 6x - 45
B. x2 + 7x - 15 D. x3 - 4x2 + 6x -45
15. What is the quotient if 2x3 – 5x2 - 6x + 9 is divided by x-3?
A. 2x2 + x + 3 B. 2x2 + x – 3 C. 2x2 - x + 3 D. 2x2 - x – 3
Additional Activities
A. Solve the following problems. Show your solutions on your answer sheet.
1. A chef earns (4y2 + y –105) pesos for working (y – 5) hours. How much does
he earn per hour?
2. If a car covers (15x2 + 7x – 46) km in (x + 2) hours, what is the average speed in

km/hr?
3. The volume of a rectangular solid is (x3 + 3x2 + 2x – 6) cubic cm, and its height is
(x - 1) cm. What is the area of its base?
4. If one-hour internet costs (3x – 4) pesos, how many hours can you surf for
(6x4 – 17x3 + 24x2 – 34x + 24) pesos?
5. The total cost of (3x – 2y units of laptop is (6x2 + 5xy – 6y2) pesos. What
expression represents the cost of one laptop.
B. Choose at least one to answer.
1. Explain at least in five sentences how division of polynomials can be applied in

real life situations or how it helps solve real-world problems.
2. A rectangle in red color has an area of x2 - 8x + 15 sq. cm. It has its length 2
longer than its width. Find the dimensions of the rectangle and draw it with its
exact measurement and color.
16 Grade 10 Mathematics
ANSWER KEY
PRE TEST ACTIVITY 3 ASSESSMENT
1. C
1. D INDEPENDENT 2. A
2. B ACTIVITY 3 3. C
3. D 1. D 4. A
4. A 2. B 5. B
5. B 3. C 6. C
6.D 4. C 7. A
7. C 5. C 8. C
8. D 9. D
9. A INDEPENDENT 10. C
10. C ASSESSMENT 3 11. D
11. C 1. D 12. A
12. A 2. C 13. D
13. A 3. B 14. A
14. B 4. A 15. B
15. A 5. C
ADDITIONAL
ACTIVITY 1 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ACTIVITIES
𝑟 22 1. (4Y + 21) Pesos
INDEPENDENT 1. = 2𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 + 15 +
𝑠 𝑦 −2
2. (15x – 23) km/hr
ACTIVITY 1 2. x2 --- 4x – 6 3. x2 + 4x + 6 sq cm
1. FALSE 3. m2 – m + 2 4. 2x3 - 3x2 + 4x – 6 hrs
2. TRUE 4. x + 2 meters 5. (2x + 3y ) Pesos
3. TRUE 5. x – 5 units
4.FALSE
5. TRUE WHAT I CAN DO
1. 3 cans
INDEPENDENT 2. a. 4x – 20 meters
ASSESSMENT 1 b. ₱605, 000
1. Q(x) = X + 1 3. a. 3x – 1 meters
R(x) = 0 b. Sample partitions
2. Q(x) = 3X2 + 10X + 20
R(x) = 48 3x + 1
3. Q(x) = x + 2
R(x) = 17 X+2
4. Q(x) = 4x2 – 11x + 23
R(x) = - 45 1.
5. Q(x) = 4x3 – 4x2 + 2x – 1
R(x) = 6
3𝑥−1
Length =
ACTIVITY 2 2
Width = x + 2
3 5
INDEPENDENT Area = lw = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1
2 2
ACTIVITY 2
1. TRUE 2.
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE Length = 3x – 1
𝑥+2
Width =
2
INDEPENDENT 3 5
ASSESSMENT 2 Area =lw = 𝑥2 + 𝑥−1
2 2
1. Q(x) = x + 4
R(x) = 0 3.
2. Q(x) = x + 2
R(x) = 17
3. Q(x) = 4x2 – 11x + 23 Base = 3x – 1
R(x) = -45 Height = x + 2
4. Q(x) = 3x2 + 10 x + 20 3 5
Area = ½ bh = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1
2 2
R(x) = 48
5. Q(x) = 4x3 – 4x2 + 2x – 1
R(x) = 8
Key to Correction
References:
Callanta, Melvin M, Allan M Canonigo, Arnaldi I Chua, Jerry D. Cruz, Mirla S. Esparrago, Elino S.
Garcia, Aries N. Magnaye, Fernando B. Orines, Rowena S. Perez, and Concepcion S.
Ternida. Mathematics 10 Learner’s Module. Department of Education, 2015.
Casayas-Jala, Liza Lorena. College Algebra, 2011.
Chua, Simon L., Josephine L. Sy-Tan, Arvie D. Ubarro, Ma. Remedios R. Cayetano, and Renato
R. Guerrero. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 10. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2015.
Perez, Isagani J., Lorenzo C. Santos, and Sergio C. Custodio. Interactive Mathematics 10.
Innovative Educational Materials, Inc., 2016.
Website:
Source: “Long Division of Polynomials,” Salman Khan, accessed July 12, 2020,
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-home/alg-polynomials/alg-long-division-of-
polynomials/v/polynomial-division
Source: “Roller Coaster Photo,” Anne Nygard, accessed July 19, 2020,
https://unsplash.com/photos/OpNMKVpZPEE
Source: “Road Photo,” Diego Jimenez, accessed July 19, 2020,

https://unsplash.com/photos/A-
NVHPka9Rk?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
Source: “Bridge Photo,” Bogdan Todoran, accessed July 19, 2020

https://unsplash.com/photos/vC4OEsRVwzs
Source: “ Synthetic Division of Polynomials,” Salman Khan, accessed July 14, 2020,
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-home/alg-polynomials/alg-synthetic-division-of-
polynomials/v/synthetic-division
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – (Bureau/ Office)
Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255 - 6405
Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph

Long Division and Synthetic Division

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Module 8: Dividing Polynomials by Long Division and Synthetic Division

Dividing Polynomials By Long

Quarter 1 – Module 8: Dividing Polynomials by Long Division and Synthetic Division

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Pamela P. Sesaldo

Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:

Chief, CID: Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores

Printed in the Philippines by:

This module is carefully designed to continually facilitate learners to achieve

Though allowed, adult supervision is limited only to providing assistance in

God bless and enjoy learning!

Dividing Polynomials by Long Division

Most Essential Learning Competency:

What I Need to Know

In this lesson you will learn to:

1. explain the process of dividing polynomials by long division and synthetic

Dividing polynomials is important because some real-life situations require its

1. Which of the following is/are polynomials arranged in descending powers?

II. 8x3 + 3x5 - 2x - 4 IV. -2x5 + 8 x4 - 5x + 4

A. I only B. II only C. I and III only D. I and IV only

2nd line 5x 2 + 20x

Express the third row as a polynomial in x.

9. If (7x4 – 5x5 – 7x3 + 2x – 3) is divided by (x + 3) using synthetic division, the numbers in

What is the error?

A. I only B. II only C. II and IV only D. I and III only

11. Which is the remainder? A. -2 B. 3 C. - 62 D. -12

12. Which is the divisor? A. x+2 B. x-2 C. x2 - 1 D. x2+1

A. 3x3 - 4x2 + 5x -12 C. - 6x2 + 20x - 50

B. 3x2 -10x +25 D. 3x3 -10x2 +25x - 62

14. Which is the quotient?

A. 3x3 - 4x2 + 5x -12 C. - 6x2 + 20x - 50

B. 3x2 -10x +25 D. 3x3 -10x2 +25x - 6

15. What is the quotient if 2x3 – 3x2 - 5x – 12 is divided by x-3?

A. 2x2 + 3x + 4 B. 2x2 - 3x – 4 C. 2x2 - 3x + 4 D. 2x2 - 3x – 4

Lesson : Dividing Polynomials by Long division

1. How did you derive your answers?

Let us go over the solutions.

(12x4 – 10x3 + 4𝑥2 + 20x)

12𝑥 4 10𝑥 3 4𝑥 2 20𝑥

What is the width of a rectangular classroom if it has an area of x 2 + 3x – 18 sqm.

What operation will help us answer the problem?

The quotient when x2 + 3x – 18 is divided by x – 3 is x+ 6.

To summarize the process:

Steps in Dividing Polynomials Using Long Division

There is a shorter procedure when a polynomial is divided by a binomial of the form

Let use the same problem:

Steps in Dividing the Polynomial P(x) = x2 + 3x – 18 by (x-3)

Solution in finding the root:

Let us have more examples:

Rewrite first P(x) in standard form or in descending powers.

P(x) = 3x3 + 4x2 + 0x +8 ; Divisor: x + 5 = 0

Check: (Quotient) (Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend

B.By Synthetic Division

Check: (Quotient) (Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend

3. What is the degree of the dividend? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A. X+7 B. x-49 C. X+49 D. x – 7

What I Have Learned

Answer each of the following completely in your answer sheet.

3. What must be multiplied to (m2 + 2m + 1) to get

2. Cora’s lot in a shape of a square has its length (x– 5) meters.

a. How many meters of fencing materials are needed to enclose it?